==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================
 ߣ


ݼ飺
һʵʷһͬʱһõʱֻҪоŻʲôƾ٣һٳ֪ΪһִˣųԽ˼֪ʶۣͶʷ֪ȾȻǽ
ʫδʡ˴ɢģǵʱĻ߷塣ڰ˹ʱģƳ˽ʱľ֮͡
Ȿдľһ΢ЩͬĴдľôһִͨͨİ죬Ǹ羪޾Ĺ¡
ӡ


һ


001 ﷽֪ǿ
궬쳣
ڵͬޱߵĶһ칫ҵͬͬʱ̧ͷһۣȻֽԴȥ·һ
ĮıͻȻоһθǰͬǶԼİͽֺãͬһʵλá
һеһвΪһԼǸ쵼ڲпİ칫ζм
ѧҵʱ򣬿ȥϵǰڸλµĹϵڷϴľŽҵλλ쵼ܹүӵĶݣԼĸ֡
ټҲǸвŻˣҵҲãǰ;νһƬΪϵԼϵı£ҲڹһչŻ
ϧ
ϴ󱾾Ǹ쵼УȻûкɫճҲĶż
򣬵ڳֵܵͬҲ׷ױ쵼Ҫ֡
ǰ;ҲǷȥÿڰ칫Ҳɨɨءӣȣӹѵúζ
ûκĹѹ֣ƽռͬҲ˵ϼ仰ˣҲòصͷһ춼ճˡ
һ仰ô˵ģڳĬбڳĬű̬
ڻڼȥԼľͻ⡣
ıʡ
ԴӽһʮĶ꣬ҲûͣЪļ
칫Ŀյúܴ󣬿ǳʣЩ͸ҲǻҰ˼㡣
һЩؼȥߵεİ칫˵ԼȥҽԺ
쵼Ҳ˵ֻͷػ˻֡
ߵϣ·ñӷͷϡԽشƬ̣˿ˡһƬޱĻԼ
⻹Ƕ𣿡ڳԾصͺһѾˮ͸ֱ¡
ϵ˷׷׳ֱߵȥ·һѧȻѧУıȺһӿǼҼˮйͨ۴С
Ҳ˶䣬ӽֱߵ˿ȥѧĲٳһȺ̿ѧð꽫ֻȥ
ʵܲˣԥǲҲȥ꣬ͻȻ䣬һѩƿնߵ˿ϡ
춯صĺ¡ڶ߱ںһͿݺݵײУ˲ڵء
ʱ򣬵ڶըֻ˿СյһӣǰһƬѩסһɲ䣬һж·͸ˡ
ùҺ׻ˣ
ͷմĵ𣬻û˿ϵĻϨ𣬵ˡ
ʢǰſ׶ߡ
ĿؿǰһУھôſˮ˺ȺѧŵͳԼ
û°ɣ
ҪҪоȻ

һȺΧ˰죬ųشӵվоԼһڷ飬˫˫Ȳͣ
˰죬ϣûд֮ڰ˰ͷû£ȥҽԺϢһ¾ͺá
˷ţҡҡλεؽѧУң˿ϵ澵ӣԼɫ԰ףͷ˵Ǳ
һˮΧȺڻڲסȰ˵Сӣ治ȥҽԺ𣿡
ããֻҼ䷢ȡȵڲˣЩ˼˵
ȥҲʵȻͷʽѿһˮ͸Щϸɾ·ֻҪҽԺȥˡ
صϴ軻·棬ָϼҵľ˾ͨ˸绰˵ʱȥʳϦʱȥĸֽǮû֮žȻҲˣ󰡣
ϴ򿪵ӣôڳɳĵؿŵӡ
һĻ˵в£ȴǼٻ˿ʲôҲ룬ú˯һһҲȥˡ
ɴΪ˵Ȼƣȴ˷ܵ˼㡣
Σõİ취ҸѿĽĿһСʱȻƵش߹ȥ
ǣھӻңذһʮƵͣϷƵ
ʲôȿһͳϷأ
ŵԽ硶ǡеĳͤͱһҲ֪ĸҳģһʷڰ׻治˵ҲЩ粻塣ͺһĹӺСҲϵ̧ܿͷˡ
ԡǡڿɲİ뵱ѧʱǱضƪ
̧ͷ˿һϧʹŮЦЦӼˣѣС飬׵ŶǷζý˵ΪӭȢС㣬ܶ飬״Ԫ˹Ĺ°ɣҲǺ嵥Ĺ˰ˡŴĿƾ̭ʼߣִĹԱԿѶˣʮ꺮ԡԡԺԡԡԡԣÿһضǧľŲ˵ĴǮƣ˵ʿǵøŵĹҲѡ
ôңôءһʱЩ
ͤͱ𡷺ܿˣϷʧնϷںȤ˰죬ֻƤǧ˯ȥ
ǬҲ֪˶ã˴ֱԼ塣һŮӵʵشԶѣѡ
ʱ׻Уľƣֻ˯һ˴˺ΣЩ죬̾Ϣһ۾ﲻ֪ʲôʱʺһԶЩʣȴ̫
Ǳǰľסˡ
ǵԼǰڳɳϵģǰԼȴһźںľϣͷһѩ׵ʣ͵ڿߵĵţճȥԶ
еĳҲԵ÷ǳƾɣô˵أеСʱϼҵӡֻϼũ壬һС
һԴӴƻӰп
ӴȥˮڴʣмȮͣƬҹɫԵüΪľ
ִĳУֹɫ㣬Եüªķӿɲҡ˵Ƿ¹ŽΪʲôԵ˹ϣ
䣬ǳ䡣Ϸеʪ䣬ֺ޿ײ룬ͺ߽ȥˡǼƺǳıƮƮûκαůЧҲⲻϮıɪɪϯһ㵾ݣΪ̫ʪɢһɴ̱ǵùζ
˯ɳϵģôˣеľȸĶͷȴ̿᲻ͷ۵úҪѿһ
оеǵ˺صĸð
ʱǸŮӵۣʮģүɺЩˣҩѾˣǲڷã̬ɷǳá
Ȼ󣬻û˵һ˫ϸһѽӴϳһŨճҩ֭ڵĿС
ҩһʱ޽ȥ˴롣
ҩˮ˲ٻ޽㣬й޽ˮζ
Ͷ޽Һپһ󷭽̲סͷһۣ͡һҩҺ˳
үҩǻ˲ǮġΪ˸β̫̫ȥʱӶˡһТģͱộ浱Ͼ㻹ǸүŮСЦˣ˵ЩҲûãһɵӡ
ʱڲŽԼҩŮӿ塣
ŮӴΪͻСδͷߣҲϸСüСۣΪ㣬һСŮֻüһ˿ŭЩƻ
ϴһϴ÷״ֲӣʽӦǹŴŮ˵ķΣҲ峯ǰں⴦˼ԵúƤ𪣬پ£˵ȴʮͿ
ԼѾ߶ӡ
Ӳ˲죬˳ڵӣû£ҩԽȥе㷴θ
û˵ڣʱһǰŮӴû棬ôһ֪ҵѾߡԼСѾͷ˯Ȼû֣ȴҲԼšʲôʱˡԣӦǶ̣Ҳԡģӻʮ꣬ⲻ
ڴӵ˵ҵɵү㷢ʲôַղˣҵСңߣһӣҲʶüȥμʲôĻᣬԼ˲Ҫ̫ү涼ɥˡ
˵ŻҲιҩɿүȻվ
һʱȻڴϣϯµĵݻһ졣
ҵײѹΣһΡУұŮӵˣִᣬӿǰϹȴ̡Ҳѵһ˼˼
¶΢Цӵı
ҩû¾˯ɣ㷢Ѿһˣ˹ȥ̫̫Ļ
㡭Ա㡣
ӿ첽ȥȵö죬Եúա
ŮӡƢô֮аѾߵԾ𣿡ͷ۵Ҳû취ֻεҡͷ
ɾʱԺﴫѹֵĿǺãǺðҪҰ·߾𣿡
ĵƹεϨҲ֪ϼ㡣һУֻϵ͵ƻ谵˸š
ҲоЩƣ룬ͷһᣬ۾ϡ
󲡳һƮ
Ҳ֪˶ϸŵĿƵڶߣүү˲꣬˼ͺͿ¡ֱи̣¶ӹһϿιẽ˸ɾ
ˮ䵽ϣ˳Щ
ݵһЦӺǳʹҵӣһԼүȴԵõģŮ˵İĥ͸
˯ȥһɲǣһֹŹֵͷ˯ǹŹְ

ѵó٣۾ʱѾ糿˵㣬ϰʱ仹һСʱ
˲ó緹æˢϴȻɿܳȥ˹ûгٵ
챻׵У˶꣬Լǰӣûʲôˡ
ǣһ𴲣ͷȴεĻһ䡣
ҡҡͷװһƹ򣬵Լʹ
Ӱ칫ҵĴȥ껹¡ԼٷģΪ˱գǴӳѰһˮȥԼһʵҲˣǲǴˡ
Ѿ˵ıӣؿķ羰ЩãξôôʵʵþͺԼһ


002 ξսʵ
λ쵼ƢǳãǸձĽ̵ĸгʹԵʰɡ
ְĵλ˵ǺܺͼݣҵơƽҲûʲôһ衢һ̡֧һűֽ죬ӹңûѹʺûд־լС
ǴЩÿǵͰ͵ĹʣճҲʣ˼˵򷿡Ȣˡ
ҲҲûʲôҧһ̾͹ȥˡ
ǣӣ쵼֪ôܿ˳ۣѵ⣬˵ڰ칫ҷûа˵ĳ
룬쵼˵㻹ᣬҲԺɴȥͼ飬Сһ
ڱ෢ȥͼҡ
С쵼ֶŮͼԱڵְλѾжʱˡ
ǡãǰһʱ䣬ǸʲôгͼӲ죬ͼңڵ쵼һͨ˵ʲô㣬ĹԱһͨһ֪ôȺڣˣˡ
ǡãڴѧʱѧͼרҵôȥ
С˲ԭµĴȴŵˡ
ڵ쵼н±ڼĺ£һͲܲ
տʼʱڻΪʧ䡣ȵͼһȴ
ﻷ߻ʵԶĩ죬񶼿һֻ˯Ҳû˹ʡ
һڵİ࣬ͬԱ֮ЩϲⷽѵõľǸðЩܵý
һգһʳӸŮͬ£һ˱Ų豭ɽܷһģ
ʵȴǲ
һܹȥˣÿҹֻ֡Ҫһ˯ţͻǸڹŴȥ
Լһ˯ţͻʵ
Ҳ˵ֱռԼҹͷȴ
ǳξʵó治˵ϣһȻ飬ȴ߼ͺһζ磬һͷûĻʱ
Ǳ˲Ÿİɣ
ͷзȥΣôҲ벻ס
һʱ䣬ŵͼԱıҲĹϡ
æ˺ü죬ڵóһۣƽʱ䡣
Ҳ˵һγȵ磬ͬʱᣬڲͬʱԼֻΪĳԭǸλڹŴںִڲŶУ໥֪ˡ
һˣȻͬԼ໥֪Ȼ֮ûнԲǵĺãҲһȤ顣
ǣ췢˱仯
ŴΪڴҩЩɫ
տʼʱûϣǾһΣûʲô˵ġ
ǣ⼸죬ͻȻԼͷεÿ綼ᷢգǴһӡ
ȥ¥ҽҽ˰죬ŭظðʮˣôҽԺ𣿻Уˮˮ
˵꣬ɷ˵ڲϣһƿΣ־עһǣ
ѵξһܹӳʵ֮С
Ϊ֤֤һ㣬ڵϵξ˸ۡõʳָϸһӡ
ڶһ˿ɱ硣
ھһ亹˵ԼξвȥҲҵ
ɣǸˮƽصĲŹأ
ʵҽˮƽȻξܹҫʵ˵ʵҲξӡõġ
ΪԼ彡ҩѣԵҩ㡣Ϊη壬ʵشΣˡ
ִĴزǸǵģýξиЧֻ죬ͻµˡ
´ĵһ¾Ѿ߶һ澵ӹ
ξеԼʲôӷǳ棬Բڴʮ죬ûȥһУԼ˵ޱİ
սӹӣֻһۣھһеͭ͵˵ϡ
һİ꣬ʹԼʮͷ˵һƣ˵Ļ˵
ִᣬԼǸʮ꣬彡Բ̸ϣլȴҲС
еԼôͱѿһСƨ
ʧ൱ʧ
ˤӡһǴӸţģˤʲô˼ҡѣǼһױһ٣ҿǶŶˣ㡭ˣͬ˵Щ
ڿɵСȴԽȤ̲ס΢΢һЦˣŪ㶫ԡ
ֻ֪ԣ˼Ҳ򵥣ûġûСͻȻЩȻΪ˸βѾûǮˡ

гһϡˣξȻȤȴһѷ硣ݵʱûڵλʳãֱͼݶǼ˹ݵһݺ⣬һƶӣݰŻع


003 
Ȼξʵܹ໥Ӱ죬ͲòСӦ
ȺӶ档
ͲòǿԼξڵȻܿ
ʵϣڴϵʮûгӡһ֣ܼ⣬ͬؽûκ
ʵʾʲôģڻһ֪
ξʵ̶ԽԽߣһڱļ𽥻ָ
˵ʱΣӦξʮꡣ
ֻͬʵʷϵһ𡣾˵֮ǰļʷúʷЩ̫һ
ô峯ʼ˵쾵۵ǻ֮ȻҲ˺ӣԸñǵ¶ַʰ뵺ʱȻ˳ֽķһ
ʶԼݣѾ顣ڽʮвȡϢϢĹߣ峯Ĺꡣ
Ȼ峯ûôƳδγҲˡ
峯Ѳ˥ѭŵطӴڱһʲô档
ҲԼİ꣬ΪɹŴ¶
ʷڻعԪͬʵʷȫһгɼ˼Ԫ谡ڵļξʵۡ
ڵĳҲϾһƷ٣˵ĸ֮ǰ磬ϧزˡĸʮڣʱΪѪȥ
ϰ飬ȴӣڸҲ֪Ӧñ˻ǻϲô˵ȴǽߵýˣ»ˡһ꣬ͳнʦΪӷɡ
ϧеǸǸĸʮʱģΪĸǸϻڼֵù纮ǣһӾͲ̫⣬ҲýͲһϡʶٸ֣־֮󣬾Ͳȥѧá
ڸ׼ʵڲǸϣϧ̥˲Ȼ簮мӣҲ顣
һӣʶ־㲻ˣҲûʲôָ
Ȼʲô󸻴˼ң⸸һӹ٣ķᡣ⣬ڿƽһӳմүԵ
Ͼй࣬ȴǵܷˣǵúܡű͵ڸϾǷ⣬аŮ̸٣żŹ۸۸Ҳǳ¡ӾǶʱ䱻ڸ̶ӣģ˵ʱЩֶΡ
˼ҺúһŮӣôҸŪū澣˵ȴǼٻңӼԼүǸӣиǱڱǿ֮󣬻ȥǼиĸֵܶҪҽӼãû׼ȥͶػӡ
ȻɵŮ֮ﱾܣҲ֪ôľѧˡ
ǰ˼仯ͬʵʷһһ꣬Ͼһ£Ӫ䡣
ϾӪǼξʮʮ³գϾΪģӪоٶǿѫ֮
꣬յѫȻǣɼȴҲý
Ϊξѿ󣬹飬֧֧ӵľá
ǣʿǾھٵĴ
Ͼ˺ڸϢȥӪеѹ⸸ҾɱʬС
Ϣ͢ŭʵŭʮ;˵׷ϾһɹԱΣҾ
Ϊȶģ鱻չٶְ˵ȥ⸸Ҳһ̰īα򡣲ûиҲҲ乫
꣬ڸҲȢ̫̫νޱ֣ͬʱԷɡС檻ͬ˾ϸʱɢ
Ǹɵӣҹȥ
һ˵飬Ǹɵǰģֻһ·
˵Ҳ֣ߵӵ˸ɾңӦߵĶȴ˵ԼѾڵˣˣĹⱲӾ͸ˡ
ҵˣڵĴүϾТ꣬ΪӪͶӽнһԸ⣬Ϊ
ǣΪƵʱ򣬶ͻȻڸ׵ϼΪүһףŮҾޱض١ֻҪܹ˳ӭȢλС㣬үⱲӾͲ÷ˡ
ǣӾʹɵү˴ϣصɶ½ϼҡ
ڸʵҲǺųʮʱ˾ˣڵʱ½Ǻ䶯һʱ꿡塣ϧ̫ãһʮ꣬Ҳв˽ʿΪȣԽţڸѲϵĻš
ʮʱ򣬱һԵ̬ȣȻˣһƷ֪ء
Ϊˣ;Ҳ˳Ͼ˸ʲȥʱѾʮꡣ
Ҳ˵ô꣬һֱûлعĴϼҡлмݣЩڸλʱ򾭳дȥϾæɵȵѣȴӰνʣɽԶףʱˡڻΣҵ˵ɵӻˣ¾ʹ˸ĺãÿˡ
֮Իʵģ׵ϼҸһס
ϧһĴûףھĪزμһɵضẽϾٰĻᡣ죬ǡöӲڼңͳ˽һ֣˵Ĺӣ
ڱӵųš
Ͼүĸ׵ĲӣνĶӻ򶴡
ô˵ҲŵڣүˮƽӦòŶ԰ɡ
ʿһңۼǳɶԺԣʱ򣬻һͬ꣬׽׽
ϧүݰһ˹ʱģʫʸ踳һϲͨ
Ļᣬ̸ֻ䣬ͷ⹫˵״ΣճյؿգųˮŲԡСĵ˼䣬֪ڲûκιֶϲȫǸɵӡ
һ㣬˽Խл
ү˿̵ĿѾϵľʳסˡѾüûˮ˴ϵʳǲͳһͨԺȣΪվȽţһͨȥˮһţؼ֮ͷ˸ա
һҺѾΪϼ˿еЦⳡλҪȥЩơεࣺܶΡΡجΡƵΣϣⳡξЩźáǡΣⳡ֮λóȥôôأ
Թ緹һ磬ҲûȻ


004 ͽı
°ʱڱҼξ鼮ؼҡ˿ͼĲйξ鼮󲢲ֻ̫࣬м£˵ġ֮ͨƪڲһۣԼʡ
ξǵ˯еһ֣
Ϲҵ۾
룬˱ʷ
ξеȱʳµӡʵ̫̣°֮ںܴ󷽵ȥһֻǼƿơơ
ؼֿ֮ʺһġؼҵջ󡷣ą̂ĵӾѿȴߵףҲ֪ʲôԭ
ǼԹ⣬ֺȵơƣ˼ҳʷֿ˿ָϵ˿ڣͻȻһը죬յһЩʲô
ʵ˵Լʵйú̫⡣ڶʮ֮ǰΪҲűãĳҪµġһʮֵ˺ֱʵͷѪ֮ڲŲòʶԼֻһͨˡ
ȴһᣬһһ񲻵Ϊˣͷ
ǸԼųԽͬʱİٶʷ첻ͷǹ¡
Լһ㲹ڻһŰֽȥĶ̫̫ˡȻˣҵػӣǻʲô壿
ϣھԼͷͨˡ
һ˿΢Цˢϴţϴ

һαֵĴԽɣ
ǰǼƾɵСݣǲҲ٣棬죬Ӧʮһҡ
Ȼ˼Ҫⳡкúùȥ͵ŪԼĿǰĻ
ͬʱĴнһСľľƿܣǽɣһ࣬Ϳʯҡ
λ½ˮǽ£ŻǺӡůˮϣ߷ӣһжԵ쳣
ҲΪˣ⻹ڵһνеο
ǿŻǺӣˮأɢһɸܵĹζǽϵʯͿҲòˣ¶Ļ͵ݡ
ΪǶ죬ͨ磬Բһ飬ɼˣס೤ʱ䶼Ǹδ֪ݻģݶ˵ϾҪڣʱ򽻲ֻӾҪ˯ȥˡ
𵱳ϾʱĸٻΣ̲ס̾Ϣһ
ʱ͸©ǽڣԺӰһ
ȻдȽȽ𣬼ӵĿ
Ӧ緹ˡ
ִڵĸĸȥ磬ʮ˹¶һѾϰ߶ȴ޶˵ضһѾ߼Сţһֻĸо
ǸӶԼãͬлûСŮһеʱҲЩСƢɿóǺܹԼġ
Σ޷ͶȥͻȻֵŮˡ
ǲϰ߰ɣүһǲҶһֲͬһδŮţЦ°͡
ʱԺ˷ţͶ˵
˶ѹɤţ±е
ӣүˣôţһŮˣƽҲͦںͶӡ
үϵѾȫˣҲЩѾµ·ˡ
ӷүˡеҩǺܺõģٳԼ̡ˣղȥʱô˵
ţӸûȥ͸ǽϵķ϶ȥӵͷĬ˰죬̧ͷп½õҽÿŷӶҪǮӵǡǵǮ
ǮӡжǮ
ʣһǮʮģϾҪˣøţšǡ¸µķ⽻ˣ¸ô죬ѵһڲԲˣȥǰ취˵껰ͻȻڵϣסͷţһ£Ҹ˰ɡ
ˣţ˼һľӣүˣ˺˼ңƬຣӣ֪㿴ǼүŮӳöˮ鰡ҿ˶ͷϲģүЩίˡ
ǵģǵġСڵϣס鶯ţԴӽңǿ޹ֹҲȥѰǣҪߣϾǱҵʱˡҾûԹɢȥүǧĴ
үǿңǺ޹ҡǣҶӵѾүȻǸͼСѾߣȴҲ֪һաţȴ˵ֻӾˣҲû취۾ţѽҺүǿԳȥҲǰ취罫ӸˣøʮӣүС⣬ܹ·ôȥԴУɵģ
ţӷ𣺡ӣȻ˵ԼǸŮӣôҪˣ
ͻȻһЦȴ˵
ննţһѱסӣ޵ţˣǱһİ˼ҶõģǰŵӣӾͻȥˮԾѰɵ¡
˵ʲôɵ㽫ˣǮΣйӴǸɲµġһɽҲġǴӳɣ¸µķǷźˣʲôʱǮʲôʱٸҺˡ
ţⷬ⾰ô飬үΣӣһĶˣڲٲ˰
ްţȦˡ
˹˲þеڣͷʹޡ
䵽еѹֵЩ
ٿ棬ӵ岻סϸ֦ʱ۶һ
ģΰʵģǵġȻô룬۽ȴйȵҺ
˰죬ֱֲ˲ᣬҧţӶǵĶӿͷôǷ㷿⡣ģҲûа취ҼүͬƼұлԼƼǱ壬ȢҵС㣬кӹˡ
ǡţƬ̣е˵ӣλΪүġɵ½򶼰ˣҲȥƼһֱˡǡ
ġΪ˰οԼӵüһƣҼүǰһӲԲ𣬹ƼҲ֪£ֻүò̸ۼޡүѾµ·Ҫһң
ţȥʡţ̾Ϣһ
үҲˣҸͷȥӴԺϴ̨϶һСľ衣
ǾͳЩ
ѾûˡһҰȦһ죬Ҫᡣ



005 δ
ӳæվ׼ǰȥҰˡ
ʱԺſڴһŲһһŮżˣ˽
е˴ԼʮͷܼҴ磬ΪһʰøɾŮǸ껪Ǹʲô˼ҵѾߡ
ǸжС
ܼ˿سһ֣ӹүЩˣ
ǸСѾͷסɫ־ʲôڶ֮Եúܲͷ
Ȼʶ˵ģʱ¶ϲɫԭιܼҺСҼүĲȻáүǹͬүӭȢСһ£
ιܼҡС£һ׹ԭһһŮԼδ޼˵ġ
ǰʱ䲡յռЩմţͶ˵ʱҲرܣѾԼ׮µǰǰŪˡ
ԭʮǰƼҵүȥǰ£ǡڸҲĴݼһ档Ҷ½ˣ磬ȻǷȡҲ֪ôģ̸˱˴˵ļ£֪һĺӡҲ֪˭˵ģһļϣΪڶ£ֻӳˡ
ʵ˵£ڵڷǳðǸʲôƼС涼ûһΣҲ֪ǳȴҪһˣʱ˶ͷһңǸ첲ȵĲзϣߴʲôľ鷳ˡ
˵齲ͶϣйͬԡΪĸ֮ý֮Ծͻһ̫˵ˡ
ɣβܴӦڸоЩͷۣΪһִˣַ⽨ǳУ취¸ؾˡǣָô˵أ
ռ䣬ιܼͻȻһεػػӹ£¡תͷԼ˺°ɣһ¡
һ㣬ضҰګګ⻹ʲôġ
û˵꣬ιܼߵСЦʲôȻãȬҿҴүĲϣ˵һɵӣҼСʲôˣϼ޸һն֮˵˵ģ˻顣Щǵ͹Ƹ񣬾˻
¿˿ļǵҲùЩƸӦûܹһӡ
˻飬һΣеĲ˳
һվˣŭؿιܼҺСһۣе£⡢ҿý֤Ƹģ粻ˣҼү£硣ûѣȴݲȵūҪᣬǻýͬڵġȻǹϼҾͲ¾ûˣ
Ϊʵ̫ߣСһϸһɫ
㲻ɣСƼСѾߣƽԺָʹˣʲôʱô̲סЦȥøѽǼӣֻд״ֽǮûаɡˣ˵ҲŵڣǴүӦǱѧӣӦдһƪƼҵľİɣ
ϧϧүһɵӣҲûʶҰѾͷŰһ
ʵͬǽ֪شүҼүͬ꣬ȥ״Ӯ𣿡
ɵأӼһҼүɵӣǡ
ӱС˵ĴҲ̲ס£вһҡβƺһ̾Ҫ֧Ųסڵϡ
￴һۣæ첽߳ȥһѽӷסͬЩ˼ƽϣӲֵáи̣ҿûطȥһ强Ѿߡ
û뵽үȻ˵ⷬĻһᣬڿ޳үడ
ڸһ߳ӣС˾ͬʱĿ䵽ɵүϡ
ֻһۣСͳسһĭС󡡣
ӴŭһĨᣬС˵ʲô˭󡣬˵
˵ôˣСֲָڣ㿴ǼҴүɵֻʲô
дΪߣǰһݵøһҼСһòĲŮϼ޸ôһ
ھͰһеһΣͲϡǰһĻĻҲԼʲô£ȫûдССѾȴָԼıǿ̣벻̡
ƽǸƢˣƢòں۸
ʱɫȥø״ðƼԭղ˵ģ֪үͬ꣬Ǹ治ӮǮƣȴС˸ȥŻԩָ˾֪ˡʱƼ޹ʻԼԻ˭ȢС㣿
㣡С仰ͨ죬ʱ˵
ûڸղ˵ģҲҸӮⳡ˾ȴһܶ˵顣
ιܼ꣬ٸ⣺ô˵ôһѵ˵òԣүͲɵӣ
֮ԵǵƼϷ˵Ϸ˵ǸɵӣȻϰŮ޹
ιܼղϯֹѵ˵үҲɵ
æǰԲһҾ⹫ӣӹⲻûҪŪ첱Ӵֵġղǲʶˣˡʮǰҵ̫үģơҲмҪԲãүֻ֮ҲðϢ
һ˵ȥүС
ڱûҪȢʲôƼҵС㣬֮ԳҪСѾͷ̫
ѾˣƼǼҼҵ䣬Ů޹Կࡣңڻиɵϵͷ
Ƽ£Ҳпԭ
ִ˿Ȼ¶Թ˵ܴ裬ڲʲôס
ǧã򲻸ãǲˡԼСģ˵Щúáô޼ɵаԵģ
һʵƼҵ˼Ҳ𣿻ιܼǸʶˣе˹ơ
˵˭ǹС
ӷ˵ľ㡣
⣬Ҫ£ۿŮҪιֻܼһͷۣջСǸµСѾͷƬӣʧߡ
ιܼŭصСһۣסڣû¡
ιܼ۵ŭСһű͡
ιܼһ⹫ӣ˵ȥ
ڣʵ˵ǿңڻƼСأɴˣ
ιܼһţһڴЦŽһֽ˫ַȥ
ûڽӹԱ߶Ӿͽүܡܡ
ڿһۣӣΨһˣˡ˴£Ȼ˵㡣
㶮ʲô
Ҳ˵ֻؿһۡ
֪ôģֻԼɵү۾о˸ͬȣǻһˡ


006 Ƹ
һϣٲ˵
ڽӹϸؿ
ιܼ˽īӡݹȥСĵʣ⹫ӣ˼ǡ
ЦЦӵһߣԲֽҲǩڵƼҲţɣҪŻҲɡҪԼķʽ죬дһǼСɡ
ʲôд飿ιܼҺСͬʱг
ӴЦԣƸУ浱󰡣ǲƸޡ
ʣպ˵īָָС㲻˵״ֽд𣿽㿴ھ᲻д
һָСһҪƿȥȴѾֽɷд
һңӲǸɵ˵ôˣ
ڽеıһӣһĴָӡ࣬ݺݵذȥˣιܼҪպð
ιܼҽӹһдţڣϵɶ½ˣƾý泶Ϊޣڹ֮󣬱йʧ֮֮߳飬ԣԸ˻رڣƾļޣԣʵ
ξʮXXաӡΪǡ

֮߳СĺɫתΪϣûô۸˵ģǸƤţţ
ںٺһЦʼ磺Ƽô۵Ҽϣ˵һү֪֮ͬĻ˭۸˭ѽҲ԰˽С͹ˣҪȥŸҲɡ
ƤǸƤСۿһ죬ιܼҵܼң
飬ιܼҲоЩ̧ͷ
˵ϵ֣дãǰһ
Ƽұ壬гˡƼүķʿ̸Цк壬ް׶̺ǰιܼеġֺЩνĲǺ̫ˡ
ڱѧ֮ʿнĲӣҲЩ
ѵڲɵӣ
ѵ˻飬Ƽˣ
Ҳ԰Щ˵ھǸɵӣڽϲμĻʱѾˡҲΪϢү̫̫Ķǲ˾Ҫ˵¡ҲڸɳʳԶ
ôˣֻҪвţžˣһƼ⡣
һɵӣȴûκǰ;ԡ
ǣܹдһֺõ׵ֵ˻ɵӣ
ιܼһãС˰죬ѹ»ȥү̫̫ô˵
ֻεذ˰ͷ飬תͷߡ
ܼߣˡ¶΢Цַ˷ƼͻƸ滹вٺûɫֵЩǮ
һǺǮģ͸ƼҵƸȻ񡣶ƼҹҲΣƸʱɡ
ʮƥ⣬һЩһѰ
Ҳ֪ĻμģһǶŶôҲʮӣӦһʴĿ
ЩƸ񣬵֧һ꣬Ҳһ¡ҲιܼҴȥǲǷɵ
һԣԲ˫ۣòŵĿ⿴Լү

дƼϷ˷ŭؽеĲ豭ˤڵϣһŷȴѱࣺǴɵ̫Ƽʫ񴫼ŵܣ˵½򣬾ɶҲ塣ܡû֮ǴɵôһһŮӣôͱˣ
ҧÿ֨죬ץ½棬ָס
ˣѾŵݲ԰ףͨһڵϡ
鲻ܾôˣȥүүƷ˲סڵؽš
ιܼȴͷվ
Ʒüһôˣ
ιܼҿЦط˵Ļүڳɶﴦе⣬ȴڼҡ
Ʒŭģ϶ǱĸӸȥˣүҲǸģ˳ɶֻ磬ûʮܻҹŹȥ˵ˡ
ܼЩΪѣˣ¹ϵСڣܴġҪȥһˣҲһȥˣþˣֵ÷з
ܼԼŮƷȦһ죬ǿŮˣС֪
ơ֪ġСһظͼԺӣӦȥˡ
²֪ĳʲôӰƷ˿޵øѾһӿϣëĵëˮĴˮ
һľԺ˿̵ƼС嵲ûġ΢ЦؿǷ飺ӻе˼
С㣬ɵô裬ЦóԱߣСֱš
ôϵЦݸŨ΢΢һʢĵ޹䣬˲ұӣܽô˿ɲɵңдһôֵˣӦһʿӲǡ
ߣʲôʿӣҿǸͷĿƤС޷޵дʲô˲⸮еĹܼҡŷʶ֡
Ͳˡһ˵һʰֽġڵ˻ддȴףԳһ񣬴ģȫ£ְָ֣
ԭõλڵݽ壬˶ʮ鷨ѵ˼٥Թټҵϡ
ͻȻһɳ˵ôдͦ㿴Щֱ֣ͦΣửձʴձʴ㣬Ʋذףеϸǰȴ࣬Լʦ˵һɵд𣿡
ôãСû뵽һ۸ڶвŮ֮С˸ߵۣסһ
ţǺãǷǳáҳ鷨ף֦ɽдȻǼõģڵҲԲöࡣҪ˵һɷԳһ壬ȴڵ֣ô˵أһ˱磬һߵڵȻۣɲʮ꣬سɺڵһҡ
ʸ£ĵؿԺһ
зϮӿ
ͤͤףʷƮݣ磬ݲʧ侢˼侹޲һͻˮ뵶
С㣬Ǿһɵӡ
ƼСɴؿǹΣ·ǳסˡ
ʱ峯֮֮ԪȻǴ
ûơõͬ췱ǵĶʢʱ鷨ԣȻûνշݣûնµīݺᣬûлͥԲתţλڵݽȻҲѾ˱仯ʷʱ֡
鷨ʦף֦ɽ˵鷨ԣΪûδҵֻϮʱ鷨֮ȴδЩĺͬʵʷͬ
ƼСصһŮ۽Ȼߣϼкҷֻ١ֿһ·ĹŹ壬ȴƽһμɵо
ʵ˵ڵֶԣʵëꡣִδ棬ʣذһ㣬Բܣ۵ģͬڽմﲻԸ


007 
һڽѾġʷͼݡ֪ԼֶдһݽԹŴĻ˾ζʲôǸʱˡ
˵鷨ڵǿʮꡣ׵һͬѧʡС鷨ңʱͱ͵ȥѧдë֣д˶ʮֻ꣬òλıʲôģԲˡ
սͼݣûˮˮտܹͬС⣬ôһ¶㸺־Ĺ˸Ҫ죬˵ҪЩϡ
־ĸΣʲôûУҵͼˣЩ⡣
Ҳǣ־Ȼ࣬ȴȫˣʱڵʱ־˲ٵһʮȥһֱûлȥУΪ˽¶ġһϢͨģص˵οʡʷרңרġϣҪдһ顣뿴ǰļ¼ɡ
ŶԭҪԼȥˣʲô¡ڲش򿪲ҶУһߵˮȣһ¡
ܺãƯشƼ˻һ£زǵӣһڶһʲ
һƼҲ˻һȥ˸ͷưͿǳԶˡ
˻飬ӭȢƼС㣬ȨϣͿˡ
ʱӾ;ôסˣüѹ
Ҵүıʵ̫ɫСѾͷŻ˰ɡ
һ綼˵ϵʱСʣүôͻȻѹǱһˣдֲ˵˵ôһЩ¡
ʶǰԼǸɵӣ»ҪС
ǣھЦЦ˵Լǰ˼Ϳڴʮ죬գ֪ôģͰϸͨˣܶ¶Ūˡڻд֣ү겻Ƕ˽𣬵Ӱģʲôֵģ
ˣѶӸŪȥ
һµСѾͷƬӣҪƭף

иõĿʼˣһ𴲣ֻûִ̩ͨ򿪵Բ˲ۡ
ξ䣬Ϊ޵İδйۼһӵĹ൱ִһǧҡ
ƼƸ˻ԼʮӣҲ˵ۡʡŵ㻨Ը겻⡣Ժô죬һִˣư211ѧҵܱȹ˻ø
ţúúɳһҵ
Ҳ˵Ǹʱһʲô
һڶĥ⣬Щͷۡ͹۵˵ԼȻгԽ˵ļʶȴѧĿƵģլǿܶ¸ɲˣҲɡ
ôʲôʺң
ռ䣬쵼һʮ˽һĵӣǸӦþ־ĸˡ
Ա߷쵼ɫܲÿ̲סС⼸䡣
˾ǽΣͼ鱾峯ʱ¥ϣ˵Ҫдһ׹͵ʷܲŪǮ
һеԱļӣǸ̺ҪֱȽƧڽ챻ָʹͼݵܼȥ˳ӡϣ۵Сȳ
ƫƫλӣסԹͼݵĹ̫ˣĿ¼ûáҵĲ飬Ŀ¼϶¼װ˸棬Ҫʱؼ֣ҲǼӵ顣
̲סһۣأ鲻ȥٶȣ
Ҳǽεͼæ죬㽫϶ѼȫӸڣСⰡ㿴ҵЩϣţˣд飬ûȤ
Լûдܷܵ߻ӭûף⼸ռҲǸˣ̲סѯ
ЦЦҪЩд飬϶ʳŮ֮˭ϲ
ȴΪģҵϾ·ʲô̷ͷʬʲô걾ĳοרϲСŰĳ˼Ұ⻹ܵĹҸɲ
˼ǴûҪ˵ġ
ڱĿƳ˵Ҳˮƽֻ仰ɦ˽εΪƽ֪ʣСⰡ˵ҲǸˣʲôѧҵģ
ȵڽԼǰѧһͻȻһЦԭУѣҲѧġҾ˵ĴѧҲˮƽ
ڱͲôһɼȻ˼ҪԼѧܣֻεغһѧ
ѾףʶСϵܡû˵ģѧиˣҵģߣ°ˣȥƤȻ´ȴ³ʻ㣬ǲϡ
ô˼Ʒѣ
ǸˣߣԷȥ극ȥKTVǹұֲҪһǮ԰ײԡ
ȻǳԹǾͲÿˡ
ǣںܸɴһɱһĴƵ꣬صһӲˡȵ㷹鵽¥ϵİȥ裬ٵ˼䡣
ҡͷǱѧһʣΪҸطúġȥKTVʲôúܡ
εͷҲǣϵܰò˵кܶ๲ͬԡͬ˵һ£ȥʲô谡ɴȲˡ
˵žͽзԱϯˣѲ߰ϡ
˺˼裬ͬλˣ˵Ҳûǰô˼ɣ̲סѧӹ󰡣ѣôҲüǧɣȻԱԱǺá
ҡҡͷԱãٺãңҲǸ־ĸΣˮţ磬Ҳͨ˺౶ŲίǼһζ벻˵ϵܣҲǸ͵ˣɴȥԱˡ
һЦϵģ̫ңԹûϷҲǸͷ˵㿼ôôӻǰȥҲδܰͷҾһСûйϵٳҲûκǰ;
ǰ˭˵أ˿Ա⣬ʵͨԱҵúܣְǸƨνȵе࣬Ķпҵ겻Ҳ־Զһҵɾûϵֻڵλﰾţ˸ְôѾʮ꣬ûҪݡǹŴãֻҪ㿼нʿϾһ֮ҿŴĿƾȻ˵˼룬ȴƽġ
ƾ٣ƾ٣һݣǰʱ͸ҵˣҵˣ֪ôˣ


008 һʷ
ڴ֮ǰΪԼӦЩʲôΪͷۡ
ͷҲʮӣڻûΣⳡŹֵξʲôʱ֪
һԤУⳡμȻʵƻôһֱȥң֧ߵʱ֮ͻȻʱսѱڲõĽռԼڵʵʱճû
һ뵽ЩоЩң䵽ʱæңǰ׼
ʮӵıǮʵǿЩġ
ȣЩˮﵱСÿĵǣʱʢʱڣؼĸߡڳɶƽԭũ߶ȷĵϺˮÿĶؼֵʮʮֻĶûũҩͻʵʱĶصĲֻһڹҪµظɻ軧˹ũģҲʣ˼ʳ
ǸʱǸĲûֵصľ顣Ϊһִˣȥ
ˣһ·Ҳ߲ͨ
ǽˣټǧĶط浱ǸʱֻһֱֵֶΣһͶʶ·ˡ
Ҫ븻ֻһַӣ⡣
½λڳɶʮﴦǳɶˮ½Ҫ塣һƽпĹٵüɽ񡢼ζȾĵк˼Ҷ»ת⣬ḻ֮ꡣ
ʮӵıǮ࣬úˣִ˵ľֶΣʮ֮δزԣײ㣬ԲŸ̡
ΪһլУڶȤ󲻡
Ҫǣ˵λߡʿụ̃˿ģ㷢˲ƣһǧ˫۾ţеĥո㡣
ˣԣ˲࣬ʿ͵ְ˼йϵеλŻߣʲôȥǾ
һûûλͨϰȥ⣬˰ղ㡣صĹؿ㳯֣͵Ʋ
ţŻСľӪ쵽ɵйĵزûݰһССİƷ٣Ҳùҵعڵϣ˼ӾʹӡӶԹŴ˵ûʲôɶִ˶ԣȴǶ϶ϲɽܡ
ǵģ٣ֻٲ;
ִֹԱ鼱͵һعٻʲôڹŴνҵŵ֪ɲ˵ġ˵ȫйҲһǧأƹһʮĸ裬Ȩ󵽾˵ĵز
йһٱλ磬δˡ
ҪǸʱڣֻ١ֻҪ˹٣ȨǮ⡣
һжڿƾٵĻ֮ϣֻҪоˣ̤ͳν׼Ķ顣
һ仰ھһǰȻʡ
ǸʱԼԣֻܿƾ·ߡԼûĿʿֱ͢һֻ֮ҪҲеλǼعҲԲܹܴ۹ŻߣڵطϾû˸۸㡣
ʱƼ˻̫Ҳܷ
Ҫȥμӿԣд˹ģô򵥡
һڲ裬˼
ûѧϰصѧĸ߲ȹ˲֪ǿȥˡΪǸԼǰǸɵӣȻ˽ӣʶļֻ֡ͣڷɵĳ̶ȣûѧд˹¡
Ҫͷѧûʮ깤òԼͶֻ³ŲǸʱ
Ժɵڵļ֪Ǹʱյʷȫһ˹ĵ͸ʽҲûκ𣬳ⷶΧһġ鼯ע
γˣǸûγ
ʷ䱾ĹԣܶӦóֵʷһǸʱֻ֡еݷ˱仯еȴʵʷһ
ƳʱǴʫˣƳûг֣ʫҡһΪ峯һ󽫣ʫɱ˽ɣˣһǴʳңġüʳסмصĺ⡢ˮǴеơ
ĿȫǵʷУЩ˱ʵʷϵıĿѧ⽨̡
ϸһ룬˼ʶֶ̬ͬͨôܵʷ¼Ӱ죬չһ׶εıȻ
ˣһ˼ҵĳ֣ʷڹһֻ֮صĹ켣
˹ģ˹ģȣû취д뵽һ֮ڵõ䵽Ϊơ
ϲ˵˰죬̸ŨͻȻĬȥЩ֣С⣬ʲôأһĿҸղû˵ɣ
Цʡ
ǣѧȥˣͻȻһ飬ижѡ


009 ĵϽ
Ŷ˵κǺһЦѵ֮仹ҴŲɣ
ڣһ˼룬˵ѧЦ
ЦʲôѽҶУѣĿ࣬żЩŹ˼Ҳ⡣˵ⲻʲô˵ʲôˡ
ţǰһʱ¿˲ټܿʷС˵ղѧŴĿƾ٣ͻȻи뷨װһӣ˵ЩС˵˹ɣһԽŴһԺʫʣһϮ÷ˮ׵ǣȻ˽ʲôμǡˮ䰡ֳƪС˵һֲ©س˳ȫǺôôõļͻȻԽŴǰ׼ġ
Ŷ˵ǴԽС˵Ҳ硶ΡʲôģͿӣġ
УҸղͻȻ룬ҴԽŴҪͷأֻȥμӿƾٿԡǣҿɲд˹ģѧҲû취ǧľĿӱˣĽǣҴԽŴû粻ֻܿж·
ϵܣҲԷƱ˵ȤҲ£ЦǰǽͻȻԽĻϣ浽Ǹʱ򣬻Ҳ첻ִѧϰǿСѧѧҵͿԾ֪ȹǿ١ǰ˹Ķѣûôӵģʽддˡ
ǿǹİддţ¶
αϾʷѧߣȻ˲ѧȴ⻰ͷҲǣ˵кܶغͱܻ䣬вٵʡŪˣд鷳Ȼǰ֪ԼᴩԽǰ֪ͺðˣǰһƪı˻¹˹𣿡
ǰ֪⣬Ȼ󱳷Ӧԣ͵ֱ壬΢΢ڳԵʣװ쵽𣿡
ϻ»򵥣ָڣ㰡㣬ͼҲǸ˺üİɣҵʵ̫һҵ㡣˹ֶ壬˺üꡣⷶΧ־徭ϣ峯ĩ꣬óĿѳ˵ÿһӶкüƪģͼݵĹݲоһװ˹ĵļӣٶƪģ굽ͳʱڵĶСȷǰ֪ԼܹԽǰ֪⡣ٺ٣ͼˣҼƪı죬ǿʿҲָͷݣá
ͼзģôˡ͵һĶͷԼһڰڣһͷ
ûͼȷôһװ˹ļӶٶʮӡ
ֻʮռİ˹ĳžնµ˵ļƪ⣬ֳֳ޼ֵڲƫƧĽ﷦ʽ
һѷֽ˵ȴһ˸Žıء
ȷ˵ЩģǿʿҲѰ֮¡
ǿжסĵ˷ܣͻȻ뵽ؼһ㣬Ǳһˮһ͸ġ
ƪģÿƪǧּ㣬ǿڸֲ֣εԣͨԴỤһֲ©ؽ
ҪԼСѧѧҵļֻʮֿԣٶ࣬ȥ
Ȼܹǰ֪⣬Ȼǰ׼Ҫðࡣ
ǣĿƾٿУϵĿһ죬Ϊ¹ض˵ĸǰ;ˣܹʷµͯÿһΣ嵽һ꣬һءʡͲ鲻ѽ
ֻһ˲䣬ƹˤ˼ʹ˷
ϿȻͣȴһҪǿˣһ⣬ϰһҧӲֵûɥ֡
룬ǰʷѧ߽Ρ
ǣÿЦԼͬ˵ˡ
СⰡǱˣ»򵥡ָָԼһЦ˭ˣ־Σͷ϶úܡĲ˵ͱдӹŵĿƾٿԶԣһĶƵ峯һ쿼ԡ⡢ͷķĶϸǰҲдһƪڿƾٿԵ飬ռ˲ϡһ룬дҲû򣬾ͷˡȤõʼˡ
Ǻã˾Ͷлˡ
˵ûϵ˵Լоʷ꣬ѵϵͬýһ˵һߴӰóһ̨IPADڵQQţϾQQӲȥ
ʵδ϶ҲûʲôôһĴʡ½صϰգҪԣҲþ͵رеĿ˵Ҳûκμֵ
ҪڿƾٿһΪξʮԺʿƵĿⶼܲ鵽ĴʡԵĿҲʲô¡ҪŪͯԵ⣬ֻ²ôס
ôôأ
ˣθղŲ˵ˣ־칫бʷпƾٿԵĿô½ص־϶ҲƵĴ浵
ֻ½־칫ǱԼɲʶˡ
Ҳ֪û·أҲãˡ


010 Ҫ
ҲƷʱλش˵ף½ƾٿԵĿ־ǰһӴ˵ѧϰ죬ʵΡ
ΪԿֵܵλʱνӴġ˴绰ʣûС
ڴϲ˾鷳ѧˡ
ûϵһС¶ѡҲϻͳֻ˸绰ȥĴƾ½־Ρ
ڵ绰˰죬˵⣬Ҷ֮󣬽βЦŶ˵СǴǰҲû취㡣ǰһӣĴĵϵͳŪ˸ϵͳеʷ϶ɨ˵ԡǸ˵ˣϰõʼңҵʱٴˡ
뿪ЦڣϵܣôҪЩˣǲҪԽˣ
ڱ΢΢ѧ˵Цˡֽ˵ԼǡôдһŴƾص飬ǡĴһʱʷ϶ͨһ顣
ԭ˵רѧʵ˲ˡλȻЩп˵˲ٹڵĻ
ڸϲ黹ں棬˵ͬɶǱҲǳϤиͬѧеֳ԰ѳɶдӹŵпƾ϶Ҫ
һϣʱѾ磬Ҳûؼˣϵܣʶôͬһ˸˵飬ԺѧϿҪཻ
ǡ
ˣʷרÿɲãҸȴǲֵ֧ģ뿿ѵĻ
Ҳ˵Ǵһ˿΢ЦҲûκ˼ɶ˵ȴδϣ
Ǹǳĵˣڶ죬ڸմ򿪵λĵԣQQǱߣͷͿʼ˸ϵܣҲʹ϶õˣθлң
ڻعȥһ΢Цı飺˵ҸʱͣԷĵص㶨
ëҪȥȥҹܻᣬҪ˫ɡξôһϲˡ
䣬ڰ϶ϣϼһַһ֣ˣǮһ£Ʒû˼ʱҸطԻұϸҾͰһڡ

ϣڶգΪ廹һ磬ùꨡţηңҾܲסʱ򣬶˲˻ؼңһӵϣɫܲÿԹе㾫ɲסˣģҷ㣬Уܸܲʡģ
˵ûûСȴ֪СӶԼʵʵġһִˣҲûй±ĹЦЦֻšһëݹȥʾӲ
ʣʲôǲǸһ»ʳ
ӻһߣ˳ֽӹë߳˵ˣ鲻ܲܳĶ˰ף簾ɡôŰˣ
ǣǣҲãͬγ˻ţͣŵϡθҲá
мǹҿƾٿһ£ʣӣڼ¼ţ
ţôˣˣ㲻һˡүƼŻ¿ûָˣдҲǳһڶ˼ҲƴչǶġӽڷϴָıӣ˵ȻµһЩǮƣÿ۾һǳԣչɽյһ졣ҲЩˣͨǲǸ뽫Ӫ
ѵõûзһ֣صؿڣ۾һ˿ɫ
ţʱϻüٹͿԲμˡ
ŴƾٷΪͯԡԺͻ
ͯԾõͷΣһи˰Żߣ˴ᡣһԹأҡΪˣǻٵʸڻԣһУǽʿʵƷ֪عְ
УͯԷΪءԺ
ɵ֪ڶڵѮ
Ҳ˵Ͽƾ·⼸͵ȥű
һ飬ͻȻһѹֲס˷ܣԶӸղŻҲûϡ
°ҵڻû˵꣬ӾͽʵʮֻҪõúãûġĶõġϧɲִֻû취ֻС⡣ǰҵʱѧƣҪ׾ƣŪдɫӣſŪС̯ţѾͬ˵ˣӦû⡣
ںǺһЦ㶼ź˻ʲô
ӵͷүǸûµģ»ÿҲٳ֣İɣҳԵģٲһڡ
ڼС˵֣أ̲סһЦ
Цʲô
ûЦʲôûЦʲôڵ
Цһ˫ڰ׷۵ɵԲ
С椣һӣǿɰ̲סСԴһ¡
㣡Ӹ뷢ŭһȴǵͨ죬˵
ڰ˰ͷ⣬Ҳͬ⣬ⶫʺҸɡ
ʺʲôɺղүůԼϣһҪ˵ҲϸӬ
١
ʲôݣʲôе
μӿƾٿԡ



011 ŴĻ
Ҫμӿƾٿԣ٣͵סԼͣԾؿڣд𡭡
˵ڣͻȻүӺīдʱΣסˡ
ᡣ
ǡǰϾʱֻһ顭
һʱ㹻ˣд˹ʱģҲûʲô˲ġͻȻ°ͣеȷǺͿҲǱħסˡɲвףֻû취˵ˡϾʱҲǱ𣿿ÿѵʱΪû취ţͳϵʮĲ鶼ҿˡν±ˣѧҲȫʲô֣ʾС
˵껰νţҲúɫ֮λǫʾӱҲǡѧеһΡͣ򲻻ףܲԹ󳼣ѣȺʿ֮ءȰǡӹҪȥ𣿡
ʵѧӹҲȷԼϿƾ·ʱſʼģҲͱ䣬ٱȥȴҪ¶ˡ
ۣͻȻ䣬ӷһĿ
ôˣڱӾôӴ
үүһ֮鱣ӡӹڵϣǰڸĸλסͷӲʶ֣Ȼүʲôɾڱ鲻١үǶӣܿǿϲ¡⿴ϣӶҲˣǿү¿յ֣һҲŲȥû뵽үϡūָѹ˵ү˴־򣬽гϢҲҵĸ֡ѹǣƾٴһҪķѴǮƵ顣ʲôһˣ
ڵذϣʪһƬ
յļ࣬ҲЩѹЦŽӵӣˡɽǰ·Ǯһ취ˣŪ㶫԰ɡ
Ȱο˼䣬òײСѾͷƽ
ͻȻƿŷ洳ȥУҵȥ򼸱飬ķıҲñ£Ǯʡ
ڿЦذͷ緹ˣ
Ҫ
ˣȥôһ£һǼţ

ˣֻ׶
Ҫ𾡹ųԡ
ҲԶ⣬ó
֪ˡ
һᣬӾͱһ¨װģķı鶼ˣҲ֪ò
飬ʲôѽڷ˰죬̲סЦ浹һעġ顷ɾ󲿷ȴǻС˵飬ʲôˮ䰡塷һƿ÷ǲͼģװ֡úǾ
ʲô߰ģڼǵáƿ÷¡졢䣬벻ھѾϷˡҲǣʷδؾʵġǼξʮ꣬¡쳯Ҳֻм⾰иĳҲġ
ôˣһЦ̲סͷ˹˰Ҳߣϰ˵ˣãһ׼ԼģҺ˵˵˻ʮǮù󡣲ԽȻԽãҾˡô鲻ã˵ʲôѽ
Ҳǲܿڵһ飬˵ǲӼˡҲԣ飿
ʲô飿
һĴˣҸŮ顣
ޣߵͨ죬ٿҿϰͲʲôˣҵʱһЦô󡣲ɣȥ顣
Խ˵ԽܣƲɡ
òãŽҲͻȻʣղϰô㻵Цˣ
ߵøǺ޲õȥæ˳ȥүȥʹˣڶ¾źţûˣˣҲˡϾɱҪԺյĻ
հɣˣֻĴëҡڣҲԶⰡ
˼ҳƿ÷Ӿͽëϴ
֮öȥֻ죬Ϊ֧ëʣ¼ЩõĶ
νüԲñͷеĶǼ¼ΪáЩִĵδ꣬ͯԡԡԺ͵ԵĿ⡣
еĵ϶û취ξ֮УֻȱˣȻһ¼
ëҲдüõġëֶٶʵڲȲӲʡ
ͷҲûǦʸֱʣֻ˶Լ֧ëʡ
ңΪ˱ܣ¼µ϶Ҫ滻ƴĸëдƴоеֵֹġ


012 
С˶ëպ˵ī֭һд˳ٶȱëʿˡ
ƾǹֲŴ䣬ࡣڿƳһ¶ǳע⣬һץնУ߳塣峯װ١ͷɱβǧԴҲз
ھûһĺãúֽͼ¼˷֣ⱲӾͻˡΪ˱գƴĺáƴʱŷģʱ˵顣
Ƕţ¾źŵسԻ졣ʱ㹻Լı졣
һ˵һ峡ÿһ졣һ顷һƪҲеһдһƪ˹ġĻڶһƪ˹ģȻǵʫ
ѵʱĶ಻˵ʫҲûκʶͷҲûصķġ˿ҪץϹˡ
һأǵһܱ¼ȡءں죬ȥȥԶҪ
ڲʫֲͷڿ죬ô죬ԼҲס
ôڵһԾҪõһ
ԴˣûκεģӴ⣬ܶռף
ˣһʼûмȥ뿼Ե飬ŶëʣúƴδĿƾĿһһ¼ֽϡ
ϰʹõԣʼȫƴABCٵѹƴдҲ졣Ƭ̣һĿ¼
ʱ򣬶ŨζԶԶ̲סһ㡣
緹ˣүǲھͳԣ
õģպãң˿
үһ֣أӻæ˹ȥõģҰպˣүдʲôѽ֣
ڣģ㲻ùܡ
ò˵շǳֻյ˱ǣϧֻһֻ
˵ҲǴ˼ҹġ˼ҽϧ㲡պã̫ܳ壬ҲܳԱ
ǣٷֻһֻ򣬺һ࣬ͷҲκģеѪǵļٳԣǹȴˡ
εסʳϴ˰һɾۣȥ
½سǲҪһһ֣߲ʮӾ߸ǡ
λڳĵʮֿڣǽһݸʾΧ˼ģˡ
߹ȥһǽԵͨ棬дںͱص㣬Լλá
ھǱ¾źţص񷿣ôá
񷿵λãһ˽ȥ
ͬ͢Ļһ½ΪأҲ̡ӦеСճ
񷿣Ѿкü˵ﱨдССǻƿСʮꡣͯԵѶȶߣֻҪɣϼ飬׹ءԣĿͶ俼
˰ӣòֵڡ
ǸҲˣҲ̧ͷһƱһĶӹᣬԼס游游Ƿˡδ˶дˣг߱ͬƿ߱飿
ʶԼʵ̫æˣʲôû׼
Ϊƾһ¹ϵشˣףҪԷð棬֮
ǣڸջϼһ£Ȼ˼ͬҲûκνʲôˣʲôģҲûκ
ʱʹסˡ
ôûУûʲôǸڽͷ̧ûɵĿ⿴ڡ
ڽ͵ǰһֱϾŻ½ҲûȥŪȴǸ˼ᣬҪ㷭һڻƼܲ鵽
΢ղżˣʧʧ
飬ȥȥȥ˭ǹȥ飬˭ʶѽȥұ˰ɡһͷػ֣ǰήᷳ
΢΢Щ죬üڣȸϾְ˾У½򱾵ˣ㵽ȥһȸ䣬Ȼ֪Ҫʲô
ԭڡڶײҲͷð
ʵղڽ˵ԼմϾԱţѾ֪ʲôˡڵȥҲ޷
ǰ㻹ΪԼǰǸټүνëȸ缦ڳһģʲôңõǡ
ʱЦûеҲС⹫Ĵ⼸س˵Ǹɵӣ޴úܡôˣӣٺ٣÷ˣҲϡ
ͻȻŭܶ˲ҲͰˣĳ̶ȣǿ̣벻̡
ԴӽⳡʵξߵһлǱȽģɾΪһǳա
һ仰ôʹβŭ
ɱϣڻһ񵭣ô֪ҾͿϣȡˣʧ֮裻òȡˣʧ֮𡣡
ڣһ͵վŭǸҲѧ˿ƾ٣£Ҫ˽ںȥ
Ц˵ǣǷν֪֮ǣǷν֮ޡ
˼˵ܹ϶ȷġ񶨴Ĳǻ۵ı֡ѴΪǶԵġѶԵΪȷģǾı֡μӱԣе֮У
ǡƣʫ֮ʧޣ顷֮ʧܣ֮֡ʧݣס֮ʧ֮ʧ֮ʧҡκʱע֮ԻߣغҲ
ⲻڿ佱
ֻ֪˵أǲޣ佱ػҡҲǶʥģҲڲָ̡
һλǰڿټҽ̳УǮҵĽĿʱģӡ̣ʱһá
һϯݵ䣬˵죬ƿԡ
˵úã
ʱſڴһЦһ۵ָ߽Цʥͽڼò𣿸ղ˵Ȼȴδûֵ˵Ƕغ񣬿˵һ࣬ʧ֮ݣΪܿ𣿡
ڴҽȥҾС
󵨣ϴǰɲһȡ
ųһԭǰ˾Ȼ½֪ء
˶ײ֪شˣԱ߼ͯӶŵɫ䡣
ڼˡ΢һ֡
˵˵ĹӸմϾ磬һ󲡡ձټݿ£һϾٻǸˡҲǲȺ֮ˣôŲμԣǰûƳ
ڣʱһֱڼȸǰ£ҵ䣬ſƾ١ϾТ꣬ϸ²Żؼ硣
ɹٵ±Ҳ֪һЩ̾Ϣһ֪سͷֱϣ
֪΢΢һʵ˵ʵûʲô˼ԵĴǸշûͯӣдҲǹƨͨᷳһ֮Ḷ̌Ҳǵطٵ֮һŵڣڳ£ֵڴ


013 뿼
ܹһ֮ԵԼ˱ʱ˵һ֪ش⣬ϸһĥھͨеĹؽڡ
ԼĸϾ֮±ԩ͢Ϊ˰ʿΪʿָżŵһԱ½֪δزͬܡ˼ɵòϧ
¹Աһң͢ΪϾһɹ٣δزΪһӴȨξʵǴ䡢ֻʵԺΪӢ֮ȨѾ͵һµĸ߶ȡ
Ȩ׸֮⼤Ҳпᣬ֮ʼ֪־ʿǣȥ֮ꡣ
һҲǾӵı֡
Եھ֮֮ûбڳĴҹ䣬ũѮǴĵӡûкĹҵȾطϢǳẽڴůҫ£ӣ˷·Ҫڻһ̲֮С
ڵֺУӺջ𣬲Թ˵ǰҪμӿƾ٣һΪӴʡˣȴȴɲҲǿջϲһ֪ˣ統ˡ
˵Ĵֵһᡣ
ȴش˵ɲֱɵȥˣ㿴Ǹɵ𣿲ԣԴЩۣͿˡ
˵ŻͱԴװһʹ಻ģöæȥʪëšˣҪ浽ڶϡ
ڹƿӵ֣ģȻס
㡭СѾͷõԲ۾۽ϡܿۡ
һƲ죺һԶѣŪշһ𣿱ţƽһֲʱһС
ʵ뵱Ҳһ̰ˡѧʱΪù㷺ѧϰҲûʲô򡣺ܶʱٵԵͷһű鱾KһͨĿѧôӲĶĥǹȻ˳ء
ĿԣѶȵ͵˷ָǱһƪ˹İˣǧַ֣Ӹ㶨õģի˷ʱ䣬߿úɫ
˵Լ廹ûǡ
еĻʳ⣬ʳΪʵʶغԺȣÿڽʵӳξ԰׵Ҳ
վӣݵӣ̲ס΢Цã˧绹ϣġ
֮͸ýˣûп飬࣬˴˺ࡣ
ӺóһӸģѾЩˡڶ˴յء
Ŵϰ඼磬ǵط߲ţîʱҪŰ칫νĵî
ˣ½رҲʱ
úܳ٣ʱ֣ڵֲָ
űӣһӼӡŽëϣĨ
ĨûۣһڵĲˮ͹޽Уѹ
㡣ᵽӵζ̲סһӣôŪóԵģ
ûлػҲκα顣ЩһûдһҳûЩġ
Թ緹ڻЩſߵʱ۾Ǻģָɬ
Ͽ⼸úˣʵʵǺһġȻѾǰ鵽һԵĿ⣬Ȼѧĩ˵ֿԺѶȡ
ѧǹҿƻԲǿңֻе꣬ãѹִСͷʮӣȴֶΣƾΨһĳ·ͻȻ䲻ĸо
ΪӦοԣǰڵϴӡƪģһλڽĬĬУù졣
ڿǰǰһ죬ҹϴ˯ڻЩήҡ
Ժܲ棬ôáοĿܶ࣬Լʮˣʮĺӣһ˸һͷ
ΪǺӣô磬ѧͯǶмг͡
ȿǽ˴ãҳվ׵ţſڼˮйͨ
ڹʶ˾Сⲻ˼ҵǸɵôˣμԵİɣ
ǣһɵʲôⲻǺ𣿡
ѻֲñ⣬ֻӳȥ
ٲã½СΧǽͰվԽξ۵ףûеĳɣ˹ãļҳС˵
֪غصˣյ֪ͨؿڣ΢΢˵ͷЦ׼ˣ
־ڱصá
ɱٺ˵⼸ն档
۾ټͲμͯԣһԾŵսսıȥμӻԣʶղȡ
ȴš֪عЦ쿼λɡ
ĵȻЩŵڹٻ˼ҳĲˣȴϲ
¡ξ䣬ᰲһĻʱڣĴĴӡһʱڵĻšУĴӵĿҲȥ˵СѧʿҲһ֮ˡӳʿײ㣬зʿҲᷢһڹԱ˳ţ׮֮¡һϾȴ֪صθڣָ߿һۡ


014 
˾ӣλã֪ؿʼѵ޷ǲ֮ࡣ
˵Ϊֻ࣬
ԭһ˵ң˿ڶأҪ峡˲ѡϸ˲š½ȻأǾ÷ɱĻ֮أĽϻԵЩĲȣͬΪԱߵǳǣݸ⽭ԣһûмٸ
˲أ֪ؿٿԿĿ
˾ӣڲûмȥӿϣʹӿͳһ״ɲ룬Աߵ¯ˮƵ
ԭ¼䣬Ϻܶ࿼Ҫڿһ졣°Щغͯˣ֪شһ㶼ڴ¯ΪȡůҲˮʳ
ʵͬʵʷһһƪһǧֵİ˹պ«ưһ飬ڵٶȣҲһСʱ顣ɾǰҲû취ؼȥ˯
ƾٿĹأһ볡Ҫţڼ䣬ԿŷýĿ뿪һηƵʱʱ
ǰûʱͯɵԱߵĶš
ղڿˣǱ־ɣ⿼һ죬¯ӿţůúܡ
˵᲻⡣
ȼڲúϢ͵ݲݺˡ
ԵļɱȽɢֹԺȣֻҪ㲻ӰˣҪͷ˯Ҳû˹ʡ
Ⱥ̲裬üɽϺ̲ڱһ壬һǹһ죬̿ˣζ䵭ȴƳӡ
еغ˲裬֪ЦЦ룺ǽʿӵ˵ȴҪࡣǱ˲٣ɴСϾ鳤ȻŽ϶˵ķš
֪رǽʿڴСϾ˵Ҳǰ硣ִ˿νСоΪС
˰裬ɫȵһˬ֮Ҫ򿪾⣬ȴһͯվϸĸҪ
֪غЦɴˣ
𡭡ˡ
úúãѾٿúã¼ȡҲÿˡ֪شΪ⣬ڹŴܹǰĴǲ˼֮ʿҲɡ
̧ͷһǺʮģвԾѵСһҲǸӣſСʱˡһԴˮˣô뿪ȥ
ԣ⺢һḷ̌˵Ҳ
Ȼ֪ؽӹֻһۣͽüͷҲ˵ֻεػ˻֣ʾǺ볡ȻǶžӷǳ⡣
ȻƬ̣ĴϾǺӼҳǽкޣˣ
ͯдſû꣬Ҳ
ҳŭʲôû꣬ûͽˡʲôȥˣ๩飬ľҫ档᲻óԣ᲻ôÿӵѧѣộҵģؼ֮󣬴㣡
ǺӺ°򣬿𽥴Ŀ۵ĺǳ⣺ʲôྲڿأȥŰɣǲгˣ
춯ÿе˶̧ͷһںͯݣɫҲЩסԴ˵ƽһν֮η֮ľ̬֮ȴǶһݡ
оúЦŷӡ
ڴ򿪾ӵһɲǣͻȻһݣһŹֵͷ
ξξеͬʵʷкַܴͬɽôһֻ᲻ЧӦ
һƵĿͬʷزͬҸô죿
д˹ҿɲᰡ
ⲻһ϶һҲдǰѾڶӺ֪ǰų󻰣˰׾롣
ǡģѾ˵ǵʱˣ졣
΢һԥ͵طӣݺݵؿһۣȴһɣϲüҪЦ
һȫһͬʷȫһ
˵ξʵʷǻʲôɵĵģƾٽǰң벻ﶼѡ
ģһʮҳӡŸӣеĸֽÿҳʮУÿʮ˸֡
Ҳ˵⵽Ŀϸǧڣдԣȴܶһ֡
⣬ſհҳݸ塣
ʵϣԵĿǻƿСܶ˹¶ǲݲǧָ㶨òǧôࡣ
ܹ±סڸӲãϵδԡָ߼Ա棬ͯԸܷ
ο֪سһС⡣
νС⣬ǽȡ顷еһӣȻͷȥβÿ仰Ĵ⣬дһƪ¡
硰ѧʱϰֺ֮䡱ĿǡѧʾӾСԽҡһ䣬ɡס鱳죬֪Ŀ˵ʲôľѧͯӲֻһҲͬˣǡ֮֮
֮֮һԡ·ƪС·Ի֮֮档Ի޾롣˼ǣ·¡˵ԼȥҲͿࡣ·ིһ㡣ӻش˵Ҫ뵡
ѧʱѧƪҲûǰ֪Ŀ׹Уɶͷԡ
һĸ֣ȴǴ󶨡
ǰ죬Ѿǰƪģֻú뾿ýһƪȥ
ʵƾٿҪ뿼óɼдһֺǻдĶϿθڣˢҲпܵġԣĦĿζҲһǰõĹΡ
ֻǣ֪ش˾ʲôƢԣϲʲô֣ȴһ֪
ƪľóһƪȥأ
룬ˣҲǸ˼õƪ¼ɡ
ǣīùĹݸ彫ĿºãȻ⡰֮δԲ˺ΪϳɣԹͼΪüߡ
˹ϸĸʽȫĹְ˸֣⡢⡢𽲡֡ɡйɡɡɡ
հһдãھͺˡĵһԣȼͣѶСҲǺпĳ̶ȣҳôõȥʲôŪһƪܽǰһȺӸȥ˷˷ˡ


015 
ԭڳƪ峯ԬöпʿʱĻ¡
Ԭö峯ʫˡɢļң֪أ֮һ̳Ĵ
ΪһĿڶǷǳϤġ֪Ԭö֣ǿдǱ԰ʳסΪһԻⱾ鶼ûͬȴЩ̧ͷ
Ȿʱӡ̵һͷĲסͬһ˵ͬʱȵһƾƣûƾͷԱеͻ
ʳеСԣ綹ɡ㶹ʲôģоڽĻıϡ
½ĹС˵Ӳ԰סʫʱþˣӡѾǳģ
òϣһ峯Ļ˵Ȥѧġ
ýʿƵԸԣδţɱɡңϿе࣬ɴͨɫҵƷȴ࣬һһΡ
Ԭöȴ֣֮δЩлɡ
ϧѾд֣տأҲܸ
ֻӲͷƤ³
һʣһֱע֪ؾһߵߣͷһһд̫ˣ׼ͬӡˢһĿǲμԣֻ轫һɣҲר¼Ȼǹٻ˼ӵܣСѧдݸ壬־ƾ١
ݸׯأһӦԿԵĲɾ룬˿۾ۡȴ׷ԺζȻûа鷨ԡ
ڵִ鷨һݸ嶼ʹⶫͲ鷨ǶԵһ
ҲΪȻʵϣƽռϲðٽβλݽ壬ԹݸҲ֮ԱǡϣдһֹĹݸ壬к̶ܴȵļӷ֣ɵӣȻڿԡ
ʲôҪƣ͵ðڵϷ¡
Ȼһڵľӣ֪ؾһ죬м件ϲ̲סֿһڵ£һ΢΢ʧ
д𽲲ݡ
ʵԬöĴңϸհ˹ɸʽдƪɹؾأϳɺʵûκγʵĵط
ʧʧ֮£ڵ¸ʽñϵ֪Ҫ϶١
ЩдĶ˵ʵܶ඼ǹƨͨ࿴һҲ۾ýôڣʹοԲһ˲Ҳѡ
ֿۣʱ֪زŷвѰĵط
ȷڵЩĺƪҲǹѵɵһд֪꣬ȴԼֻȻһָסˣסˣЩ͸ĸо
ϸһãƪԼڵĴдҲֻдģҪĶһֶѡ
뵽һ㣬֪дΪȣ͵صɴ۾
ҲǽʿʵڵƷ֪أѧҲǲƽռԼºͳΪ⡣һڵ֣ȴһֵ뷨ѵдµı±ȱ˻Ҫǿϰ
ͽŲͣĿ䵽ڵľϣٲŲ
ò˵ëдԬöƪ´ԼǧңõԣʮŪףɸֱʣСʱ
ëʣֵһ˿Ĺݸ壬ٶȻ
ȵʼжɣСʱѾȥˡ
䣬п۵ݵ֪С
ֻ֪һֶۣԱڵľӣֻЩдĶĿýֽۣľ
ʱһţڽждףɲ֮ʱѾһСʱȥѾ
һֺո߹񷣬һ졣
֪һֱվֻЩؿҲϳɵ˷ָƵַŻ
֪и𺳣꿴Ҳʮ꣬ôʵû
ȵڽдͣԼҲǾôùݸдȥ̫ˣҲд˳ּ֣вش˻ͥζٶҲžҲʺ鶯ͬǹҶ͸Ƣ
ã֪ͷǿűƪѹóƵܶʱһɣ泩һã̲סڸдµһ֣ӭͶ鴺ʡʡ£δʮǱ֮ͨġ££
ǰѾдǧ֣˵ûг̹֮֮ԬöԬӲ¡
⿰ƻ㾦֮һͺڴͱһ͸֮ҸƮƮˡ
һ֣֪ƾ·ϵĵһѾ˳ȥˣûۣûвһˮɣᡣ
һʮֵĽѾҪˣڽһд꣬һԱߵ֪һëʣھһȦһ㡣
⡭ھȵվ
ԱߵЦѾ¼ȡˡ
Կϣһ㶼ᵱľľӣͻ滭Ǻţ¼ȡν֮Ȧ㡣
һжԤ֮УڻЩϲæһҾأٴγѯʣȷһ㣺лֻ֪ۡ𣿡
ʲôٵΪһƵͷס֪عһЦ
һȿ͵ɧʮĿͬʱ䵽ϣۡ
лϸĸлϸĸȥˡ
ȵȣȻһƵͷԺҲԡʱ磬ٳһ⣬ʶڵ֪֮Щ᲻÷ߡ
ܹ۶µԿϿ֣һ£кֳ֣ҲʧΪһ׮ѻ


016 ʫ
棬
Щͯļҳ
˵ûУŵ˼ҵĹӱүͷ
ɣǸɵ𣿡
㶮ʲô˼ҿȻɵδزǸܶĲӡ˵ˣģطֲô
˼ǲ˵Ϳˡ
ҿûô˵ͺϹӰɣȻɶȴȳɼһ׮ǿˣطͻЩүǹƽģӴҲΡ
֮󰡣ͷҲӦõġ

½سǱͲ󣬱˵ƿִ飬żҲһֻϱŰһ죬ּëƤС£Ƭܴ̾Сѹ˼ҵɵӵ˽½ͷ׵Ϣǳ˳һ㣬Ծ˵ٶӿˡ
ֻ֮еڲ֪һѣǲϴ㲻󣬻ЩĻš
ڱΪ˾ͿԻؼȥû뵽֪ƫƫԼߣ˵Ҫټһ⡣Щĸ⣬뿼Գɼ
鵽ʱ٣֪سŹֵĿƫƫԼû취ǲ¶
ʱ䣬ҲʶؿһЩ˹ɷģľǰΣҲڵץϹ
ڵֻﰵԵ棬ϣ֪سĿǡԼġȻĿ΢΢ԼĿûǰ죬ǿȥǴﻹõ䶼ǳЦ
ȻһƽӲͷƤҲӡ
á֪һݿдĿ۵ݸڡ
ʱֵĸ߷ڣ֪æľҲûվţ͵͵һ
ڽӹӣһһᣬǸǻǻ㲻أһؿ֪Ѿ֮ͷסƪٳ֪ҲܰҵˢԼԼ
ɵһӵĿͻȻɵ۵ĸо
ͬԤϵдһƪ˹Ĳ֪ͬγĿдһƪʫ
ʫΪƾٿԵĿʵʷʼƳһ㶼Իԣʱȡ峯ʱָֻһʽ
ʱյʷѾȫͬûƳʫȻûʫĻԻͳɾ͡ʫΪĿһֱûֱѧʢű˹ʱĴ棬һֿп޵Ĳ䡣
νʫ˵дʫʵҲǰ˹ĵı֣һ⡢⡢𽲡йɡɡɣֻõʫˡ
ĿҲǰʫȡһΣһһ
֪ؽĿȡ㡶¥ʫľŨӷɣ˥Թɱ¥þԡСľŨӷɡһ䡣
㱾һв֮ˣʫʱдüãֻδȣҲһɫûεʱ˵Ļϵһ߷塣
ʱӢۣʹӳ
ʫڰһңʫʫĸʽȴ֪ģڵý׾ˡ
ʫڴѧʱģǵáһʱʦϿһ̸ԹʫԱسţڲмһˣƫƫҪȥо㡢ֺܶû˵ĶʫˣʾԼС
ˣڵԼƷͬʱҲп಻ѹѧЩ֪ʶܹǺõġ
ʫǰһʱԴ־ƾ֮ҲжϡֻʫǿƳϵһͷҪонʿ˹ʱĲҲûô¹ȥо
֪֪ҪԼֳһʫѶȴǲС
ʣڲݸдһֺ֣ܲĨˡʫ治Լǿʫʲôǵòʳ˼̻𣬶Լˣȴûԡ
룬ҲûȥݣʵʵؽƽƺͰ˹ɽṹʵʵһ׼Ϸ
ʫĸʽϸ涨ƽҲҪǳϸֻҪһˣһҲò
ԣʽݣʫĺûӣҪ
Ժͽʿʫ԰ϲһͯϡ
ʫд¥ķ羰пʱҪԭʫʫ˵ѣȴǳʹࡣ
°ͣѹοݳ죬ʮ֣⡣
žǳ⣬һŪԴǣڲݸͿĨϰ죬Ūס
ʱһһţۼһһбģĿѾߵòˣûҲ¯ϵˮﵹˮձ緹
ڵŲݸѾд֣ȴöֻһһԺҲЩɥ
ӣٱȥҲܱʲôѾ䡣ۼŷƵʱҪˣ֮£ھҽѾõʫ䳭ϣ¡
ˣѧˡͻȻЩʵ˵һƪʫ浱𡰳š
̣ʫֶԼû֡
Щˡ֪ؽӹӿһۣͷ΢ЦȥϢɡ
ҲЩԼĶ䡣
Ψһ˼׾ô¡ʫֶ˵˿ҲǶ˶ճ̶ȣӦĵķ룬ʽ˾ø߷ֲ֡ձҪڿ飬ֻ»Ҫˢȥ
ķӲ


017 ﲻ
ţڶϢƬ̣͵˿Խʱ
ѾСͯţ֪˵һһͯĿг˾ηΣȵżСĵظȥ
סķŲԶ·͵һ·ȴߵһʱ廹ЩҲûʲôǼͯɸں棬һ㣬Щ߲
ڸտʼûһȴе񾪶ˣк߼뵽ֵĶ֮УóˣЩ⣬ҲССһѡ
ȻصУҲȥվԺſڿţ뿴ɵôҡһ˶๫˱Եĵһ
Ϻ֮Īڴˡ
ſںΧǽôԴҪЦôɢȥȴһ͵͵Ŀ̧ͷȥӹڸĸǰ˫ֺʮʶүˣýǶ֪֮ӵķ財ѾȬ֪ͨϽ˽ͷһүͷϿˣϼӹͷأҪ˶ȥҲԹ޻ڡ
ижѾͷԼʵʵⰡԼôֱֶλӣԼǰǸɵӣŮǶҲ벻˵һôһصŮˣ㹻ˡ
ߵǰһѽӵϷ𣺡֪õһˣ
Ӽڻü֮һƬϲһ͵˵ڿﱻٵͷ飬Ѿˡ
ڣ飬ô֪
ӣǵǽһ˸ߣܶطдڣ˾ʲô˶ܿˣ˵ǰιǴЩ˽ȥ֪شүңҹģŵôӴϵ
˵̲סһЦ۽ǵˮδɣš
ҲЦ⽨Ĺپϲ¡½ǳɶŻˮ½Ҫ壬÷ٳ̶Ƚڳɶǣ޸ŵǮõóġɹٲǹٳͳҪԼͲءˣŴ޽ڣ꣬ûݣǳϵĽ֮һ
أ޵ǽһƻֺ뿰׹׳ΰѹ찲ųǽ
˿صⷽ棬Ǻܲġ
ڣ˵ˣҺҲȥˡܷ֮Űǲˣõ֮˵ˣӹҲöˣ£ǳ죬ȷŰʱٻ
СӰ˰ͷſҪǮģ˵˵ͯԻ㻹ö鱸
˺ˣҵСܼңҳȥ漸ɡСŮ͵ú壬ڳ֣Цӣ´θ£ء˵ˣңҲҵˡλ˼磬һζûȥѵͲ뿴Լķ飿У˵ģ鲻·ɼѧ۽磬իҪá
棬ҵġô˵Щ⶯ɵؿһۣôдģ
ôûдѵ˵ĻҲš
ʱԺ⴫һЦ˼ûκιͷһūǰЦԵʡ
ӡһŷôˣһЩ΢죬󾽡
ںٺһЦǡ
֡һļǵس˳ȥһѽԺӴŹϣţĴ˿һ˵үöһû١Ϊ˸ӣ˲ٳʳôˣǱ˳ҿ޶ûطȥ
Ӿôһ˼ҵˣٳּʡ˲١
ڶգһһ;˴˳ˮ£ζüɽüɽһȦŰŻص½
һ·ǳ˳ס꣬жּۻۣСɱݣֳ÷װôɰСҲ֡
죬ȴûǮ
ܵ˵λǺܲģˣҲڿ˱˧ϣᣬʱֻҪǿӪʶȶδûбеĿܡ
һ㣬ھ
ΨһڸеǣΪʷѾ˸ı䣬ܶĹżҲˡ
ɽ𣬱üɽҵĻأնŵļ磬ǡҹɸڣǧ·أ޴һʵŮǣεĹطǸطﲻɣ̲סһꡣ
ĹڣҲǸջ
ص½ʱһ񣬹ȻͷӣʫľӶԼûκӰ졣
յʱ˵Ĺأ֪¼ȡԼڵĶʦӦȥлʦ
һ;йμƷд˰ȥǸ
˼һǸذӭ˽ȥ
֪أ˶ʦ˵˼䳡滰֪ػڣ˵һ׮һ㡣


018 Ʒ˵ֳ
½֪ոգɽˣ˵һŴĽЩ
ԼʮǼξʮͬʿ
ĻԵĳɼٳĹأȵ÷вӴ飬ȻµɽƹƫԶɼġ˲ֱ꣬½ص֪أۺı
ʵҲǺʿӳʱҲѰٳһͣпСһְϸɵݡ֮ɶַ֮٣ɽһԨѧʿס
ôһΪ翴ˣ;Ȼߵͨ
һ㣬Ǹ̸֪ͬʱԼ͸¶ġ
֪֮˵ôһҲڵԼѧԼҲ֪شǺܿǰ̵ġ
ٳһԼȦӣȦͬꡢʦϵάϵܸġ
ȻֻһССͯһƯİ˹¾£⣬ｫнʿŹ֡
ڿƾӻٳһ£ʵҲû룬ȿ֪ʲôĸϼ꣬㲻һԼһֻŻṳ̂ٳѾһϵӡҲһε飬ɲˣĿǰҲûʲô
ͯԳһصԺԱȽϸ֮⣬ǰԺ͸ԵΪرܴ벻п˵ǿһ仰ܾ顣Ϳٲ̣ٺã˼Ҳֱܰˢ
и֪ϵ·ݵĸڸһְա
֪ͬ䣬֪ͻȻʿ֮꣬سɶˣҪ½ؾٰһʫᣬҲȥμӰɣǰ֮ţæѲƼȥˡ
ʿڵ֡
ʫᣬ֮˭һͷˮЩŪףʦʫһѧóҲôġ
Ŷԭְ֪֮ҲԣʿϾ󡣸֮һֱ̺ĸѾʮûл磬ûҲ⡣˵˵֪ˡ֮游ǰڸ׸ͣ͢Ǻѧʿ
׸֪СѧʿĴѧ׹ʿ䣬һסˮ˻ԾӢۣɽڣϦ졯ǧž
͢Ǽξڸ׸ξʵ۵ǻʱΪһϿûٸʵܡĶ֮һһסٽɡںĻΪӾ硶塷
״ˮ׼δʲ٣ѵζ
ʿ꣬㻹˵ʫһ²ôģô֪״ʵģ֪Ц㿼ʫʵô֮ѧԨԴĲʷ˸Ĵһ磬ѵã̡
֪ԼڿʫеΡ
ʫС֪ȥΪȻʫҲûʲô⣬֮ϣ֮У㻻СѧʿҲδػмѾ䡣ʫʽľУӦԣʽ˼˾ͳɣʿҲؽ滳˵ʿΪһֱûнѧáſϣûʽݹʦѧʵչǱЩ֮λ磬ҪڱذһԺڻУ֡
ȥ飿еĿɿڴ
ٻѧȥ̫ʱ䣬ȴЩԸΪʲôƾԶѡȻԼѾǰ֪ԺĿ⣬вˣΪʲôҪȥֿԣ
ǣ֪ģȴѡ
֪ЦЦ˵ʿ֮¶ˣô뵽ҪڱؿԺ
ѧЩס͢͡ǳɶ¶ˣ½ֻʮԼ磬ʲô
֪˵һ׹
ԭ֮ȷ¶ˣ¶ȴûһҲûκβҵ꣬ΪڴһеļͳǼϰѻʵ۵úˣξʵҲûֱӰֽͣ͢ŵϣû硣ҵĲҵȻҲøɾ
ǰ֮һȥȷɥϣ֮ŻصĴڼ翪һԺΪɣ˲šûǸʱͻȻ½ػиãк
ֳ֮Ѿʮû棬˿ȻмӦׯ԰ﻮһͥԺΪ֮Ժ
˵ҲɣþƼҵķˣϵĸδ嵵ĸס
֮Ʒ˵ֳھȵͬʱиǲԸȥѧһ£ѾȫͬƼ˺ȥҶڡ
ڱ֪أϵĺ룺ʿ꣬ҲǺųƼ˵ˣԺѧѧѣÿ»һӵ·ݡҲǺʿӣܹԺ飬һɳԴҲѧѧʣȫֶΪ
˶٣ֵ֪ʿ꣬ȻҲǱдһžԺȥġ֮Ǹĸˣ㣬ҲûκΡʫᣬʵΪԺѡ˲ţѧ԰ɡȥ֮ú׼һ£ܲд׺ʫʡ
⻰һԺǲȥģҲ֪ܲصӡ˵ʱһԲһֲдֻҪܹ֮Ҿͳɡ
ѧʦ֮ʦʱϯ𣿡
֪ؿЦҺ֮ͬΪıǸκʿȴѧͽһֵӳîԣ粻
ڳһֻҪ֪زȥͺá
ʱھպȣܣҲûκΡ


019 ͻȻֵ
࣬ڷУϸ΢絴һ֮
ʵصĳ̬ڶһʮ꣬һ¿̫νȮգȴҲ˵չȥһǶôѵá
վͤǰȥɶƽԭ۵ףɶǵĳǽҲϡɱ硣
ЩΪǽũͥԺЩϵСԼԶƼլԺ̨ͤ¥󣬿ʪܵرĻ֣ջ͵īɽˮ
̧ͷȴûʪֻһĵĸо
ٿЩ˿һ֮С
ڷɻΣޱ˿ϸǰκУľȴвͬ
˿̵ڿûʲô˴£ֻԻȹһܹƼ棬òˡ
ʱѾ˴ξʮ¶ʮգѮĸԻһ¡СѧʿĶӣʿеʿ֮ϻصɶ½򿪰ԺͽϢ䶯һʱ
½صʿӣɶضԼвѧаյĶˣҲ˹׼μһʢǰʫᡣϣƾԼżõʫ䣬֮սԺ
ܹٶˣдСѾͷ߰ףСֻʮģЩ˵Ҳͬͯмš
˶ˣɶء¶صȵصĹٸҲμһǰʢ¡
ɫųȥء
ɴ˿ɼСضĿеĵλ
ɽ½صһƼҵլԺɽΪȴʮĵͰСɽ
ɽǰһݳϳ֮һƬݵرƼټһƬׯ԰
һ£䡣
ɽ£ẽٳһƬСĺɻأɳŸ裬羰
ɶǲʮأʱ͵ɽ¾ǿĹٵܹôһƬˮլԺƼҵĲɼһߡ
ں˫عϽ
ʵϣƼǰ׸͢ôˮˡ˿ңҵ쵽ǡʮĴĸȵǰС
ҵ̨֮ƼЩӰ죬ܶҵͣձһ°ڳ˽ʮ꣬ȴɷ⸻
֮δϻ磬ƼҽѧһƬݻ˹ȥΪСԺԻɽȫеķãѧÿҲ·ݿá
ܹѧãԳΪ֮ĸͽʿôǮáһ㣬еĺʿĪ
ʫһͨżʵһѡѧĿ
֮ųΪʹˣãƼѧʮĸѧ⣬ֻʮĸѧ
ҪΪΨһı׼ǲ顣ҪؿڣԻʫһסһס
Ķˣһ˷ܣĦȭơ
ڵһڹŴμ˹ģľۻᣬ羰һʱ߽Ժ
ʱһЦͤľдͷȥʮ
һջһս½ˣϴĻʱһ档
ǴĻ˵ƲʹصĶһͨЦẽһ㸹
֣Ļӿûѡðʵ⡣ʿЦ˵һ·Ţãʱ·ϵһˤûࡣ
ǺǣǱǡҲúЦ³˸󣬵ǼС㣬ȴ֪Ҫγʲôģ
ףⲻҵδʲôϵ֣һ׽ʮ꣬׺ڸױֵܣԼ½Ψһˡ
׼ҾƶǰͲдȥϾڸҪǮڸ׵ľȼãټӿڸ׵ӣطٸһ·УСǸϣ˳ǰ꿼ţ½һ˵в֮
˹Ϊ˰ŻݡС̻ҵͷϣÿµķֳɣҲҡһ߼½صв׼
֮н죬ڸ׶Я֮
ӴڻĴʱȥס
ϧķǸɵûκǰ;֮СװŲʶԼôһõܣͬĻ϶Ϸ
һСˣ˵Ǽٻơ˵֣ڲһ󷳶Ҫ뿪û뵽ĻȴԼ͸¶ͬСϵУڲͣ˽Ų
һЦһߵǰǿƵǹļƣһֱСĻ죬ڵ֪Ǹɵ֮󣬸˾Ƽҵĳã׿ǺųȢƼС㣬ٺ١
ҲֻΪǮƣ밡СûòŮӺٴңԴӼСһ棬Ͳ費˼룬аˡ
ԭҲ˼˼۾˵֣˼ȴһûһ׷˵ûУ֮½ѧСҲҪȥΡ֣ܽԺ飬С㳯Ϧԣ
һȻȥҡͷֻ֮ȡʮĸѧ˺üʿӡҽĳ˶жīˮԼûܵġðѧΣĲŻ˲ţȲס˵Żص̾Ϣһ
˭˵أ̼ȡ֣ûκλģѧãֻСҲ㡣ףʱСʫʳͣ˰ʫʲ飬ǱȲġ
ˣʵ֮ŪǸɵӣǼˡɵҲɵɵȻСϵδ򡣹˵ҲֻҪԼһ첻һ춼ʵ
˵Ҳ֣ɵӾȻ˽ͷ˲⡣
˵ŻͤͿվ
Լ̸ͬŵһ
һۣԽЦһɵӣ˾ˣʲôǽԺɣʫϾҪʼˡ
ӣҲͬС
ӣһЦû뵽־ȻҵУ˼Ҳ֪СǺεȵˣʫʱҲ֪ܼܲš
ʱѾ࣬ٵ͸ϲ緹ˡ
Ҳųȥ


020 
ξ͵ģʫʲôģûʲôȤʫһﲻ֮䳪Ӧ꣬ұٵģ˿ƳĿǰ˹ʱġ˵ԼֲֶұнԺҪͬǸĪδ޼棬δЩΡ
˵ǰҪ·ݵĸԣﻹйٻѧȥԼ
ɸ֪ĵƼԼԺ벻ÿ
ôӦŰˡ
ԣƼҵĴ֮ĵߵƫƧĽ䣬ĬĬſ
£ȴƫƫҵͷϡ
ǰĹͻȻ
̧ͷһȴǾΥ˵ףԼԶ֡
òϣСӳòãšֻü֮İ̬ᡣ
üëһҲʩڣôˣҲĵطϴĻӶûҵ㶪ˣؼȥɣһֳѵСܵģ
ơһĳ
һݵģоЩ졣Ҳǣҿ˿ָָԼװܾȵӣ˵ãôˣҿǽӵƼġ˵ˣʲô˿ʲô˲˵㣿
ɫѿ˵棬ֲ÷ֻͺһʵţЦ
ڵһЦʲôˣŶˣҵԶ֣ôѵңʵ㣬ҲϧһҪҹƼдҲûа취ֲƼҵˣֲҡҵˣһֱƼңԺţ˵ֻɡֵܵĵȰһ䡣ӺɷֱȡĪ󡣹˶ԿڿƳһһǹƴƫŲǶΪǵñЦ
׵Ļؾȥﺬڿ࣬˼ָΪ˸ղƼС㡣
ԱߣмЦ
һſǵͨ죬˰ź޺޵صͺһɵӣͬ˵ôϻʲôΪ֮
˵껰ȥ
Ƭ̣ƼүŹٷ˽
Ҳ֪ʲôǳɶĹԱɣڲŻĴû೤ʱ䣬Ҳʶá
ʿӶվʩ񣺡ݼ֪ͬϴˣݼϴˡ
֪ǳɶ֪ͬĴ˺͸ѧڡ
֪ͬƷ٣ͲҲʮ꣬ɫۡһеλߣƹһճ񣬾һ˵Щ֮δϻ紴ԺҳɶĽ̵һʢ¡ĻԹžͳƣ˾ĴҡǧŴ£ƹһḶ̌ǣŴлϲơ
йٻ׻ȻûȤһԹԵغȾͳԶһ͵۹۲Ƽҵļҳү
˵ҲԼ׼ǰƶλ˵ƼСûòвЩ档˵ۺִкܴ룬Ŀеˣִ˶δزǳ
峯˵ɡʵ۵ţһ˶á󹬼ǧݡɵϿνĴƬ֮󣬲һ˳
Ǹʲô峯һ𻨣׼һɱС̫̫
ʱԹ˿еŮмߵľ衣
׻˵ŮףүϾܿƼС㳤Ρ
һڽһԹԡȻֽһա
Ƽүϲ죬ԲŰһһ־ΰ
ˣŮҲòȥ
ԼûȢ嵣нǵﵽӹһ١
֪ͬѵ껰󣬾ʿǰʣĴү֮ôû
Ҳ֣˵ⳡʫΪ֮ѡѧģ˷Ӱ
ԱߣүеΣλ֮;棬ش֮еˮͲˡ
ԱߣɶѧҡͷЦ֮ʿ緶
֪ͬһЦ֮֮ʿϲˣɱ֡ˣͲ˵ϻˣ¼ȡѧˡʫһ֮мȳĿҲô׼
ҪĿʿͬʱһݣֱӡ
֪ͬɨһۣȻ󵭵֮˵ˣδϻ磬ݶϿˮС·ѣȻɽ֮׳ǱŲܼʶģһϿΪ⣬һʱΪޡ
ܿ죬Ƽ̧һŵɳ©ڻС
ȻĿѾˣһû˼Էü˼ϣܹѹοݳдþ
ֻɾɣֱԵÿڻ
Ƭ̣Ƴ˾ϯȥÿǰһСķı
һʱ䣬û˵ֻį̄Ħ֧䵽Ϻõļнֽϣػ顣
гڻȽȽһƢ㡣
ʵǺ̫ƣֻԴǣƤҲЩأֻҸط˯һʵִᣬҲаġɽƼҾľϺõĽմڴ񣬺Ƴ˼ڡΪȴˡ
Ƽҿһܶ£ֻǿһһڵغ
дʫûǸȤأ˵ҲдʲôʲʫʣϴԿϣһʫͲȥǿд϶һЦ׾д
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬һ¯ȼ
ٿеɳ©Ѿкͷ
үʱѾ࣬˿֪ͬ
֪ͬ˵ͷư
ү΢Цվʱѵλʿӽɡ


021 
ԣ˷׷׷ëʣŸֽǰطĴˡү͸ѧǰϡ
˽ӣɿؿõģַŵһߣõʫ䣬¶Цݣ
ܵ佱ʿӶһɫӱӵһߵҲǷϣϻһԡʫһ£Уû׼ʱԼһдľأ
дʫʱȲӣֻҪ飬֪ƽƸɣκ˶״ճ
ԣе˶ɵؽĵá
ٶʿӣһ˲һ֡
үҵľӶЦվʫòã˵˿ɲ㣬Ĵ˺ͽڴСλ£ڴ֣ȥԺĲ￴顣
ʱվһҾƲֻȥкȤζǲ綼ʫȼ֮һƷʫ
ǰΡһкá
Ȼ׾ƸͬƼ졣
ô˵үҲ΢Цŵ˵ͷãֶԡ֪ͬ˺ͽڴ顣
аҲû˼ԼҲʶʶҲ˵ϻȥɱʱ䣬ܹҼỰС˵ʲôġʵڲУڲҸԵһҲáֻҪһĹˣԹҾͻؼȥ
һûд׵ģдʫĵӡ￴ұﲻǸԼҲ
˵磬ƻĸСʱ
ĨĨվҪ뿪׵Ŀһɨ䵽ϣڵܣʫ廹ûнأҪԱڵƬ̣Ҳÿڵ߲ʫֶΣ
⻰ʿӶͬʱүҲͣ˽ŲڳüʵüëʱšһţɫΪơ
ƽЦЦû˿ӣڲѧǳһҲд
ڵܣ˵ĳղЩˣֿԵͷΪһء˭룬˳մΪΪۡĲûãڼҾֺαصܣ˵ġ׿ĵشЦ
ǰһӣʲôЦУ˾Сڿ˵Ҳ֣һݰӴӣôܿһ
Ͳ֪ˣ˵ϧӹ¿Ÿ⿪ҲУҶġ
ԣԣ˿ɲ۵ġɵӵ˵һҲͰˣ֪صĶ䡣ƫƫʶȤΪԼҡһɴӣƤ굽м䣬а֪֮¶ˣ׾˰ɣгֻ
ǰ˹ġʫᣬżΪҳɶһʢ£ȴôһ˹ǡһźʺһ
˺ף⹫ӣֳôܹҵɵܵܣ
˵ĳȴϡΪǰһȺ׸Ƶĸ壬ͬ塣˵绹Щ룬оⲻһξͬԼûκιϵһôҲû취ȥ
񵭵һЦҲͬǻ죬˹˹ֱ֣߳˻
ĳЦˣˣȻǸûûѪԵġ
һɵӣʲôѪԣ
ڵıӰиǳ죺ڰڣҲн졣뵱㸸ʱÿдŻڳһ͢٣гĳһͨѵ˵ʲô٬񣬺Ǻǣô٬ôܺùһɵӡ
꣬׶ʱ򣬻ڸ׳ѧѡճҲǮӼ׸ӣڸϵҲǿŹ
ڸ׵ĹԽԽҲй⣬ճͬ˵ҲҳٹߣһԼҲй⡣
ϧڸڱ֮Уֱ͢˼ңҵҲ޹⡣
ײٲڸ׵֣ڱǰԼڸ׵Ĺϵժ˵˭ݣ¼˶ˣҺ˸Ҳ򲻵һȥ
ʲô˵ǿеšٺ٣֮ϵɶãÿһһ湦ѵʮ꺮ǰ׷ϵģ
ڼѧԨԴǸŻıѧ֮ʿδؿſƾٽٳϣֵܹϵҪάȥġ
Ƕϣǣ
ȵڻص½أٰһĻᣬûơȥͽ۲졣
һŷһﲻһɵӣҲ̸κǰ̡
ǣ׵ͷһͨŪֱʧĽˮ֮С
˵ڸҲҵ֧ɾΪ˴٣峤еҲָʹںˣɵһѾŹƾһѧʣиǲѡһȢƼС㣬ƴıְߺߣ㲻ǹٻӵȴһԹƨһˣһڷԡ
ʫشֻҪܽǰʮ֮ѧ嵶ϦԡҵĲѧʶ´򶯲Сķ𣿡
ʲôǰʮģޣװףѵôû־ҪþõһԳҵĲŻʫѾ׼ãĿͲʮҲԤ˲ʫʡҲʹȻȻ֮Ŀ벻õһѡ
ʵϣʫĿҲǳò¡ддٿϼڡ˵ľ䲻У಻Զǰףʱٶ֣ͳˡ
뵽⴦׼ҪЦƱһڣȻ󾲺
ϣһıԣ˵һơˣҲǰʮġ
½صʿУһˣΪ˵Ľ㡣
տʼʱ˻Щɻ󣬵ȵү׵ʫ䣬һͨ㣬ķ
ò˵׵ʫд÷ǳ˷ϡ
óϷͬʱصĶ˶߹̸ͬʶɶʿеĺ֮㡣
һԡɲô˵һѾȷܹ֮¼ǽ
ڸղһδдڣһλһЦ֮Ҳû⡣
ʫȷʵдúãһӷʣɾһݡϻ񣬶֮㡣
ʫС
ӹտģൡ󣬺ʼ͡


022 ׽
ͨţϿ·ջ˻ˮأĿҰ˼ҡ
ã̲סȲʳһĿҰ˼ҡһɶžĶͻתϿ˻ɽƫƫһ佫ǴԴԺĻҰһʿ顣ΪԶ
˵ƼС嵣ֲԺӡ
ϸָСǴһ˿͵Цݣײ̳ĺ֮㣬Ⱦӿס
СѾСԱЦС㣬˵֮㣬˭ܱȵùС㡣
ǿ֣صҡҡͷұϾǸŮӣʫȴдġ
ʲôЦ飺˳ɶʫһȴóΰѾ˾˴ְôһʫᣬ˵ҪɾһμѻʫһӿطСʫֶż֮ŪһԣҪȴǧѡ⹫ӴʫѹᣬŲֳЦ򣬷ô£һ񣬵벻ÿ
ô˵ʫĺãС۾һ̲סʡ
ĺá
Ҿ˵⹫ӲʧġС
СѾͷʲô˵ʲôʧʧĻʻ嵲Ϊ˲һü
Сûзһ㣬Цһ׹˲ÿΣʱ򣬾̸ֹ·Ȥүͺϲͬ⣬ͬ׹ӱǸڼֱһ˳һ˵ýһ£Ҿ
Сڵ֣ɫ΢΢һ䣬ڵʫˣгڼ
ʲôһҲûдȻһСֻоһʹ죺С㣬ױǲݰɵһʲôʫƫƫҪˡºˣһҲдò죬ɵӵҪɶãã
һûдЩɻ󣺡԰С˵ڹӵĲѾȫãͷסʫһҲʲô£ֻ⣬ɶˣ֮ҲܶԸ䣬ôһҲдңܹдôƯֵˣôǸɵӣ
϶ԭ򡣡嵻ǲһ㡣
С㣬ɵʲôáôƼңô˵ûС˵дúôֻƽдһɵʮɣС㲻ţϻһԣӸͬСģɵӿ϶ύ׾ٳһγ󡣡
ϵĿ𣿡ͬСȥ嵺еԼѾ˵Ļ̾Ϣһ
ĿѾˡСش˵ү˵ˣΪ˼̫үʲôϵɡΪ⡣
ʲôɣСѾͷƽҲûʶ֣ô˲ݰЦ˼ڣһЦأšһСıӡ
СһͷƤؽһС㣬šұӣšɴͷˡ
Ͱšɴӣý޲ˣһҡҲСѾͷЦˣʲôϵɣ̫үġٽɡˮףǰġưСĿʲô
۴꣬үҲǣҪʿǵĲ飬Ӧõʱڳ⣬ôǰĿˣ
ǲ©κһв֮ʿɣ嵣ơ
𣿡С΢΢һͻȻЩģ̲סʣ׹ܲд
˵װĲдһٽɵѲס̫үǰҪдȴǧѡ̧ͷСһۣͻȻЩŭСԺǰס
ǣС㡣Сһͷȥ
ȷʵѡڹǲóʫʣǲܽԺ飬ȴҲԡʷڵݽֽд¡ٽɡ֣΢һ˼һдȥ
С㣬ǡ
дü죬Ƭ̾һǳɡ
˿µĴʾ䣬̾Ϣһд̫үư
ֽƬ𣬵ݸССҸû˿ʱ򣬰״ʸ⹫ӣ죬Եʱȥ˵δصõһǰʮӦòѡ
⹫ӣ˰ɡСͻȻЩС㣬׹ӲŻڣСҲвŮһʱӿСʹȻҲһƬģ׹ȴһĸ֮ˡʣֻ¶׹һ裬ǲҪ˰ɣ
˭˵ˣҽڡ
С㡭СԾŴС죺ǸɵӣΪʲôѽôƼңǺأ㾿ͼʲôѽ
嵵ɫȥƼұлԼȥ˻飬ҲУǷ׼ûףʲôޣ嵻ڹϵδޣҲԼδķѵȥˣȻЩȴҲֱֻҪܹԺھ˾¶飬û׼ͻͬСԺҪǰ׵֡뷿̸֮۲ɵӣ˳ȥǻ嵵𣿡
С㲻ĻСίȦһ죺ǣС㣬ūȥѰɵӡ
ڹӣɵӡ
СıӰε̾Ϣһ
૵סٽɡòãһȥ¥ǰľɸ壬кõûСһڡôİ͸ε㣬ΪʲôҡȴһҲû嵰嵣ôˣ
뵽嵵ͻȻѹ
ǰһϷɥ½һ£ԴѾƸͶʱڵСͷɿܹ
ڻĴӭȢԼ£Ȼ
Żʮǰүģνĸ֮ý֮ԣ쾭֮¡Դˣ嵵ʲô
ֻϧܿ죬ҹǸɵӵϢ֪ôľڳдˡ
˵½򣬾ĴΪŮ¼һӶ̾Ϣ
ãֻǳĬ˵ʮǰӦ飬ȴҪڣȥϲ
ڼ󳳴֣ҪŻ¸˵Ϊˣûͬ֡
ΪףԶȥ˳ɶ
ȻֳҲѹ
Ӷ֪ԼԶһڵķҪ޸˼ҵġ
ʮ飬ŮӦеƷԵ֪ġɵӡȳӻ׶֮أԼҪһա
Ǹӵ֮Ҳû̾Ϣûڱ˿ط͵͵ᡣȴûҪ˵£ôɣԺôˡ
޼漦޹湷Ů˵ĵ
Ｔô룬ɻЩȻˣʮŮӣռ䳤̾ࡣ
֪Լȥףһ֮嵲ûŭ
飬ͨ˵꣬һɵܹд
дôһֵֺ˻һɵ
˵ڲμ˱ؿͷӿ϶һ㡣
вһɣ
ǡʫôһҲдأ
ѵɲ
˵財ֶǺһһ󡣺õʱͬһһ˴̼
顣
Уҵð
ƽռҲϲдЩʫ飬дһ֮󣬾ͽһӣڲС


023 С
ڲ֪һԵĿѾˣҲ¡
μʫʿǶ˱ģȻ̸ƷʫԴޣȥ󿴿飬Ѱһ徻
ΪһͼԱڶԹ˵Ĳ¥кܴȤѧʱҲȥһ󿴹ϧЩűÿᶼֵǧ𣬲һѧš
ƼĴ壬񴫼ңгˣǳḻлвٴ˵еͺ򡣾˵ѧƼҵĲ顣ôһᣬȻϷŹ
Ƽʵ̫󣬼ѧҲռؼ󣬼֮Ϊ¡תɽͨ˼Ƭǣߵ·ſǰһ߰ǽ¥дš¥֣Ǽξڸѧʿֱ͢ʡ
Ϊߵÿˣֺȶ˾ơϾǲʱܲסֻͷۻһڡ̲סſˮرϣ緹£ˮһȺʳ
ôݡͻȻ䣬һŮӵԱߴ΢΢졣
˼ȶ˵㣬òˡҲЩ˼ĨĨ죬̧ۣȴһɫֽӵŮüͷվԼ
һ֮£ھһȲʣһƯСѾͷ
СԼʮͣƤøţһٶׯȻĲߣȴһ˵ķϣ׼Ů
ͺģƾƼҵСѾߡ
ŮӽԼòһæһȻã˭ôˣ
ôͲˣղƼҵү˵ԸȾƵľڻԸ⿴ԿСѾͷ͵͵ұһУҸŵõˮȥҲ㣬㷴ΪҡںǺһЦ
ԭμʫʿӣ㲻ǱͬʫƳͣһܹ飬Ȥ𣿡˵μʫģŮɫһ㣬֪Ļһڵģ
ʫƳͣҺȺĲһȥʲôڣҾǰ
ڡСѾ߳һֺһһƯϢϴһ˿ΣͷȥС˵һɵӣӿɵ
˭˵Ǹɵӡ⻰΢΢գǶҥ
СѾͷ̧ͷ΢΢̣ɫѾǰģҲǴӣǰıԣôһҲд
һָСǰҡҡЩһʫ𣬶˵Ǿ֮͡ǲмΪ֮Ҫд˵һҪƼѧ飬ȴԸ⡣
㲻Ƽѧ֮ѧûʸʦС΢΢һ㡣
ȴǣһѾƼҵúˣԺ飬ǳ飿򣬶Ϊʲôǿƾһѧ׾ֺܿαѧԼУƼҶ飬ǵĽӼã̰ɣ
Ҳ̸ˣǰĪЩܣ̲ס£ݺ޾Ĳ̰衣
һ𴦻ġ衷
һݺ޾Ĳ̰衣Сｫ仰飬۾ȴЩ٣ãдģ
ȻʵؽʫΪУ粢ڣǸţţʲôľѾдҴһù񸨣쳬Žݺ޾Ĳ̰衣
ôСЦɫһһҹģʣãȻ˵šǰʱ⣬д𣿡
ףһдϿʫҸպдһ׹ϿԣҵġЦøϿ治ܵģҲһ¾ƣɽ߸衣¼ȭºȶࡣ
һߴУһ߳СѾͷȥ
⡭Сɫ䣬ˣЩˤڵء
ܣأЦУҪ
ޡʫκмɱ
СѾͷͻȻվ񿴹⹫ôʫͬҿЦأܹдݺ޾Ĳ̰ˣô˴ֱɡϿȴҲһɺ֪֮ȴΪʫ֮֡
ȷͬ㿪ЦġˣƼҵСѾ߰ɣʲô֡ڵ˵ƼҵСѾʶһʲôСģúܡСѾͷ֪ͦߵġ
ҡƼС嵡СѾͷһҧɫش
ƼС㣬ٴţһ˵١Ʋأ
ţҵȷǡСѾƽ΢΢һЦٿһͷӣƽԪҲȥ꣬⹫ȴഺ١
ԲԣԲǣ˵ƼСúܡ
󡭡úܣ
ҲµġڵҾС϶ܳ밡˼ҵС㣬岻ڣȲ֣ƽռֲ˶ı϶ԣӲŹ֡㿴ƼүģֵһͿŮŮŹ֡ʵ㣬ұСлԼģһĥ¸ɲáˣҲ⸮еˣС㾿Σ
󵨣㡭㾹Ȼô˵ңСѾͷûҲ
˺ˣ˵˵ƼСѣʵң㾿˭
ţ⸮еСѾߣֽСС򭣬СһСѾߡ
С򭡣ӣɲôϲЦǲС۸ˣ
ˡ˲СߵһŤ壬ת۾ʧǰǴԶž黨С
⹫ӣһĿǡٽɡԴΪ⡭Ҫʲôһ֣÷ˡ
СѾͷƣڶʲôʫûȤںǺЦ
ͣЩ䡣
ڶѾͷ˰컰ֻ˯ʡ˲¥һҶģҪһ̺ӣںϣԱϳ˱顣
һϱʱĦʲġҳչǵֲ˯ħϮͷһ˯ȥ


024 һС仯
ѣѡͱͱڵС⣬ϰʱô˯ˡ
ʵ۾Լͼݵĵǰ棬ǻһ˿ˮ
ͬ衣
費סǰţôһɾ϶ǺȾˡ
˼˯ó٣סղԵɹȥˡЩ˼ﻹһɽմζξƼҵʫϺȵġζǲǺ㣬ԴЩκġ
Щ˰ôôϧ塣εذ˰ͷڣС⣬ϴ绰˵±˰
ϴ绰ңץץͷҲ벻Ͼʲô
㿴㣬װͿˣ˾ƤǺЦţһͣҲóɸˡνд󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣ飬ûʲô˼ġŮǱˣзӵġ
װڳԾŴ͡
ˣϻŮӵƬֻġΪ죺Ҳ˼ҹﳤòÿӰӣС⣬һӲʵ㡣
Ϧദͬ²ˣָڵĴ䲻ܵνѵҲֻܲסͷ˵ǣӦ°֮ͬһȥס
ò׽򷢵˯Ҳûˡ
һˮ̾Ϣ˻ԽԽȥˣȻҪȥסʵҲûʲô˲һլУȦޣ˽ҲûطʶŮӡǣϢô᲻㾫أ
ѵľûа㳯δ˥
ҲŶʮ갡᲻ļˣ
̵ģͻȻЩˡⲻʲôĵˣһ
Ƭ̣ͻȻһ£ͻȻкϣ
ͨղ˵Ļ֪ϴһ绰˵ҪһŮѸʶԼʱҲͬ˵ģŮƬ
˵Ӧһ˵Ĵ£λ䣬ԼôҲǲôһ¡
ˣԼʲôҲûһ䡣УУԼں˲پƣƼҵĲ˯ˣһ͵ͼˡԼôλģҲû˿ӡ󣬾ͺƾվͳˡ
Ҳ˵ǰϿʼڣһһһҹʱεļ䲻ˡ
⾿ôأ
ѵһ˽֢Բܣ彡ءȥ˽Ե˯ã׳ʵøͷţƵģֲܵ
ôֻһִֽͣʱջǷı䡣һһҹʱԼȻȱʧ
˰죬ôҲ벻ס
ѾڽеĿʹ𰸴ӵĬĬС
ǱͻȻ״Ūң˼֣ҲǲסŪˡ
ٱȥҲûʲôЧֻεؽǵķŽ롣ͻȻ䣬ǸʫĿһٶȡٽɡѵ˲ƪġյġع۵ģκһƪȥܽʫǼ˸ס
ЩһﲻЦǸɵͻȻЩǧžʲôЧأ
ԽԽ֣ڵϲ˼׹ڳϿʫʣ񣬶ȴЩһʱ磬ʧЦʫͬԼʲôϵʲô
˳ֹصȥԶ
ͼݵĹܷζҲûʲô£һ綼ڱжȹ
°֮һȥ˵λǼ˹ͬһ档
׾һ硣
ȣ̫ࡣŮˡһ輶Ůǿ԰ĺһΧڣҲסָָ㡣
ȫ˵˵ĸܡ
УŮĸҲ൱˵һƴֵӣҼôŮҲףӡСѾ׼ˡڣ˵㲻ǱˣҲûӣͣҵ̸ϡôռһˣȴô׵ġԼ˵˵ʲôҼŮ
⻰ܲһŭƽͣҲ÷ֻε˵ЩˮȻͷԲˡ
ŮӣһȤҲޡ
һͷȾɫ˻ָ׺촽Ϳɺɫ
ڳڿͬڨϧһ¾ͳֻͣطϢ̳ϷǸˡ
ˣŮӳûܴ졣ģշʡ
ģõ׸ⶼԴӾȦˡ
Ůӳ֣Ů˶ŮǰڲСׯšԼСѾ߶ĿСĴѾССС۾ҲСһö
ͬǱֱܿ
޷ܵǣǹ˰ֻһ绰˽ͨ绰˵߳Сߡһ˵ǰСʱһ䣺ݣôţšףϴһƱɱȥǳҪĺÿˣô󹷵
˶á
Լʧȥһһҹʱ䣬û˼ͬ˵סغˮԼľȡ
극ɢȥ
С⣬ŮҲˣǣĵʡ
˰ɣܲ𡣡ڿЦ裬ĺˡŮӣʵǣʵǡ


025 δ滮
ʲôʵǣŮʲôطˣҿ㲻ܲҪ˵ڡɴǾԼ˵⻰еΥģͻȻһЦȻĴе㡭е㡭
е޷ܣͷʥһΪԼҲǸˣҲץסഺβ͵һˡɸղŮӵоֹôⲻˡ
е㡣ЦУŮеְ˲Ҳ˵㡣ǵСô˵Ҳһ˲ţСһҲ˹ŹӣʲôĶҪҲô£еþʧŮǱˣзгȢٷܶʮꡣС⣬ͱίˡ
ͻȻЩԥ˵㣬ҲӦҸˣӦ˵ˣξ̸һȥ
ʲôˣдˣŴꡣ
ɣɣҲӦ
˵ȽӴһʱ˵ɡȰ˵ڣСⰡŮĸҶˣżһͲͬ⣬Ҳÿ˰Ӵһʱ˽⡣ŮӶཻһӣû׼ϲˡ
һ֣ôˣѾʶˣҲ㣬ԼԼᣬɲӱ
ʵȴӣһ˵ˣֻܿյһЦðɣ֮ͬӴӴ
Ҿ˵Сһʵصˡ˵ͳֻûʲôҾ͸˼һػˣ˵Ů⡣
ڸУɡ̾ϢͻȻһֹŹֵͷʵھһͨòͨĳˡУֻҪԸ⣬ȴܻȡʾеòһСĻزѵһ£
ͳ绰ûͨ绰ͻȻ
һ˵ض˵С⣬Ůĸ׵ĵ绰Ƕǳ⣬绰˵ͬŮ
εһ̯֣ʼһܺߵı顣
ǹӣͺ齫ǮһɥǺ£˵㡣˵껰ͨ˵绰Ŵ㣬ңüڰСӲʲôûǾͺáŮôˡ
ɫȴҲ˵ֻ
Σϵ绰ڰ˰ͷ
ڣôˣ
ղŮӵĸ״绰˵Ůû㿴ϣ˵̫ơͻȻЩ߿СǶõһˣʵƢãûвϰƾʲôͱ˿أüܵ˻дǲ
ԼٲͬǸӴһο裺ˣûʲô˵ġ
ǣͻȻЩŮӳǹӾȻңһأ
Ҳ湻ùģ¡
Ůʲô˲𣬿ְֵģúܡ軹żеǮƲˡ
㣬ûʲô
ߺߣҿǺӵĴ磬ҲʲôˡһŮӻôֱǰɡС⣬Ҳûʧһ£кõģһʱܸʶ
𡣡
ô˵ˡ
µȷЩڸоǳˬؼ֮˰죬Ҳû˼ȥӴߡ
ô£һԼʧһһҹʱ䣬о;ЩССķҡ
ʵҲ֪żȻǱȻҲ֪᲻ᷢҲ֪¾ǺûǻҪڽ۲졣
ô˵ܾһ˿δѣǰ㡣
˵ûյ̣ԽȥѾˣٷֵҲ⡣ô˼˷ѣץʱ佫δԵķĸ졣
ԼǹȥˣǸԡԺԡԺ͵ԣһĳ˹ġۡʫһʮĿʫҲȥ˵κһĿĴǧ֣ʮ⣬֡
еĿѾƴ¼ֽϽղء
ڷģΪʵ̫࣬Ҳȥ
ÿ춼صʵ磬ʱĥǹͻˡ
鷢˱仯ץʱȫĸ죬һز鷳ˡ
ֶ֣ǹġңлвٵʺͱܻ䡣ʱ򣬴һ־пֳЦǰɽ
ˣҪȫ죬һǳʹ顣
õİ취ʵ米һƪȻξ¼һƪ
֡ް


026 ѵ
ػ֣֮ƻһ£ھȽԺԺԵļƪĸ죬ͯԵֻҪأܻŹ˰Żݡ
ɿܵأû취صʵˣû취߿ƾ·ֻҪ֣Ҳȥ
Ȼʱü㹻ԼԿԵĴҲȻò
ˣҪ뱳ôϣȴһ׵顣
ѶȲ̫븮Ҳһʱ䣬ԣҲ꣬˵׼ʲôʱͻ᳹״Խξٻز
δ֪˿ֲ顣
ΪһĿӲǻ뵱ѧʱҲһ̰ˣһѧڶûϹÿΣƽͼݺ͵ϡȵĩԵʱͻһڣ˿һء
Ӧ˵ԼļԻǱȽĵġ
ֻεѶʵ̫Ҳû̫ġ
ϣؼ֮룬ôһͷ౳Ҳǰ취ýʽʹ򿪵Բ˲飬ܲܲ鵽ǿĺð취һ飬鵽ˡ
һʲôС˼άͼѵĹҲ൱İҺãǴԹʦXXXҪһĺϢҲϢӰһԣ濴ꡭھǿʼɡԼһ£ȷǿΪҷϢٶȼٰٷ֮ʮϣǿЦҲΣ
˭֮ڡͨϵͳѵѧϵͳġ˼άͼĶټĽѧ
һ¹չ˾ܲá׹Ĺ˾ܾ֮Ĵд飬֮Ϊ¡
Щʷǳţȴɹعڵĺġϸؿ˿ҳ֪ʲôγʵһͼ䷨ӦñȽϿѧ
ǣ⼸ڱаһѵࡣ
ŹһԵķͨĵ绰ɵ绰˰죬Ǳȴû˽ӡ
룬ʧЦڶϾŵ㣬˼ҲҪ°ġ
ֿ˿ҳ滹˸QQŹһԵ̬ȼ˺ѣȻˡ
˼䣬ڲףγ̴˾ĹԱͼԱ
ǳʲôĿμѵڻش˵Լ׼иɼʵ̫ƹˡ
˵û⣬ֻڿΣյѧķӦòѣˣǮˡ
ĵشƱȴЩˣѧǶ٣
Ǳ߻ش˵ʮÿΣǧ
۸ڳһ
ǿЩԥԷ˵Ȳһڿθһ¡ЧٽҲ١˵꣬˸ַҪ˸Ϣ˵ȸϡ
ڱ޿޲ɵ̬ȣӦȥһڿԣͬ˵88
췢ʵ̫࣬һֱ
ˢͿʼϡ
ҹ˯ߣ米ƪġ
ʱⶫԴ˵˱Ȼܾôװ˷ѵ
ǣѡһƪ峯鷿͢İ˹ı˰죬˵ˣеĴҲûŪ̫ס
˵±ʱдµĶһζ壬Ū飬Ѿ֡Ҫ뽫ǧֵĿﵽֱ죬ڶʱ
ֶҪģ뿪ѧУ׺쳾ڼ꣬½Ź֡
ϼѧϰ࣬һĿѧʮֱҪ
ʱԴ˿̵ڷǳҪܰװ˷ѡ
ǸʲôѧϰЧһ㱻ƭˣҲͼǧǮѡԼԺǸزҶԼҲ塣

һԶҹɫԵľ
֪ʲôʱ͵ѹһɫѾȫȥ
еζ
ʱȶ˾ƣȻƼҵĲ¥˯һȥʱһ̺꣬ӣһѹûҲ졣
æվ̺ӻ¥ϼҶһʱ֪Ѿ
ӣҪˡ
ϼҶλӣôǱߵʫϾҪʼˣЩȥЩȥ
Ҳ̵سǱȥ
ͣˣϵƣһ¸񷣬ɫ¹Ͷ
ƼҴլһƬɴİɫ֣һ˵
ͺǰǸСѾһ𪡢š
ǸʱΪΡͷһ룬ȴͻȻһ£һòСѾͷ


027 ˼
ԼҲʦڵңֺĵزҡ
һ࣬ںҶϵˮ顣
һɵӰգֵôİ͸εΪСҲǷͿˡСһջ̲ס
ڶʫϾҪʼˣҲǸյ
ΧѰ˰죬ҲڵӰ
ûһɣȻһʹ졣
ҲãСҲԸʵҲɵӣʲôӡ
ҲڣȻû취ѸӸ
ɵһҲ
С㣬ɲҪҰ
ʵСҲǸյԴСǷʫ֮һֱûйĥ˰죬ֽ˸ͷȥƷһ磬̵˹
Сŵд״ȻǼõġɵӵˣ죬±벻õһҲѡ
ߺߣɵӣ˻ʱƼҼҪôһˣõСƫƫԸûҵҲáҵˣʫϿʼǷɵҲˡ
һ뵽СһߣһߵЦ
߲˼һӭͬײһ
ףһѽСסһƫƫӣԭСϸˤˣôˣѵԶʥֲƹ
ǳɶͷ¥ˣһУƴү˴ǮΪһʿ˵ġ
Сһף΢΢һ죬æһ򸣣Сײ⹫ӣˡСС֮ѰǴɵӡ
ڣСʲô۾ﲻΪ֪һ˿ʡ
½ص˶֪׶ƼСаĽ֮ģв֮ƽռҲƸ߶Ϊ˺ͬҲ졣
Ҳʲô͸һǰСҲûʲôɻرܵģеʫ塣
Ӣŵף˷ָڡСͻȻһŹֵͷģ׹ô˷ſףǴɵȴһ࣬˺ôôأҴСС㣬һӶֿС޸ڣСҪͬ˼һӡ׹ӡǣǡ
һˣһֵСļ͵һȣԼͷߵõͷȥٲ̧ͷ࿴һۡ
׵ûСı飬Ŀ䵽еŸ棬ͻȻЩһֽ˹ȥµЦʣż𣿡
ǣʫ塣СѾߵóʧȥ˼ʹػش
ʫ壬̫ˣСĲŮҲֻ֮ϧһֱûпСĸ壬һ۽硣ǽʫĿ벻СҲ£ҲμαԡᣬһסٽɡһȴɶӶȥˡ㿴䣬ãĺá
׽ָ̯ľ˵
ǣǵġСͻȻŭСдɵӣűС˵ҼСҲǺͿˡôɵ룬ʲôãôƼңСȴ𣿡
һǹɶ⳱ˮһӿƼǰһֱװһǫǫӡ˿Ҳһƽ΢ЦСϾǸŮӣܲμż뿴ԼǲμӣʲôΡϲҽڵһԡҲһҲдġ
ԭСȻ򣺡С㻹ǣһһΪҪǴɵӵæأ
ϾǸСԽЩ򵥣ȴˡ
ͻȻһݣ⹫ӣȻղ˵С״дüã˵һǽǰʮģ񲻱ɵӡһ뵽ԺҪƼԺҾͻܡ
Ҳɫ΢΢һ䣬û˵СͻȻһİƣЦããСʱŹʫϾҪʼɵ϶û취ƪӱġ
ףСǱѩСһҾأȴתˣȴҲܲɵԵһķ財Ѿˡ˵һƪٽɡҲûм֣ıˣЩ鷳ƴС״дǲõһûκ⡣ʱ˽ԺͬƼ˳ϦദлԼɣҵǴɵûĻᡣ
С׹άЦ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴյ˹
СһǰȥһߣȻ󽫸Сġ
ңʲôûͷûԵġɻѵ飿԰СûԼһ¡ңԼѾװƼҸˣôܻԼд顣ϹҲûʲôûһͨʹٲ˵ġ
ʫ壬ϱԵĿС㲻Ը⿴Ѿˡ±ˣ«ưȥա
СһЦתˡ
ҳϮһüͷ嵲ǺܺôҪĳˣ⵹һ¡
Ҫ򿪡Զ׿첽ӭֵڵܣôʫϾҪʼˡղſˣΪкż㽫ҵˡߣǽȥɡ


028 
׻ʱǸֳģ鵭ģȴһ˿ݾܾԴ
ڵ뷨Ǿлģ˵һ仰˷ʱ䡣ҲҲԸԼȴҪͬԼһȴЩˡ
ΪԱߣҲûῴСֽϾдʲôҪż㴧У׽һס֣Ƶͳȥ
Ѿǻƻʱ֣ڵ磬ȼ
Ѿʼһʱ䣬μʫʿǶڻ֮С˵Ҳ֣ôˣʢ£ַǷġ
еʿӶû˵Ϣǰһڴڵʲô
óˣɸеѾߺСˮ۵ؽƼ
ڶùҽУΣ񣬱Ҹλá
׳ơݹȥһɫЦλͬǰ˵ҪͬҼҽڵܺúдһʫˣЩ׽
Ȼ˵仰ʲô˼ǰȥһһҽм䣬óĿ⿴Լмӵļ
ﻹǳġһʿǶС
˲罻׾ǸɵҲ
ǰӶû
᲻Ƹɣ˵ɵӼúܡƼ˸󣬳Բɽ亣ζֻᣬȻҪ񫡣

濪ʼɧ
Ҳǣ͵Σֻſӣŵس͡嵰ԼдĴʣ˭ں»ؼٶС椵ĲΡ
ԱߵֹСõСдʫ壬ʱϾҪˣһﲻһὫӱ죬ϾسԺȣѵͲġСӣЩԾ˾òȵ
ԣô˵Ҳ½һӣƾ汾£Ҳõʫͷʲôʱ¹ɵˣ
˴ֻضСӣûлῴ壬õһڻ¡
׺һھƣеĲѹȥ
ΪʫˣƼү֪ͬ͸ѧף֮û׽ү۾һɵĿһ䵽ϣһ顣
ӻ棬һ䲻ȴ쳣
ǼҶȵòͷˣүͷ֪ͬͽһʲôȻЦеվҶȼ˰ɣĳٰʫᣬΪ֮Ժѡ˲šҳɶһĻͣ˾£ѧʿǧžԵǰʮģԿɽԺ顣
ֶ
үصͷЦһϢҪߴңǰһʫҲȥ˵һĿѾǰ֪ˣдһסٽɡԴ⡣֮һԴоСǴ֮á֮󣬸ִҽڴ˵ƪţΪʫ࿹һơʻҪζΪˣӳɶƹм򶯲ƹ֮ڴʤߵС
壡ʿӶͬʱһ˶ɫ
ƹʲôˣǸɶˣǴٹ̳ʿѰѵüһ档ֻҪԼġٽɡܹ򶯲ƹ벻ѡ
ΪĿʱѾ֪Ҷ׼һ磬Ѿ˲ݸ塣йϵеʿӣд˰졣
⻰˶ͳʫӣֿһۡеصͷţеæ޸
ڸճ˼ڲ˽мѹȥ⻰һСǷʫ˳СټдĶӦò潻ȥ֪õڼ
СֶŮѧԨԴСʱ͵ʦָ㣬ˮƽӦò
ŮֶˮּʱʶʼͣŮ޲űǵáһŮܿʶ֣дʫȻкߴ
쵹ҪŮˮ׼Ρ
ףСҰƪʫ峭ȥҪҺû棬ִŮӸûпܡǹŴŮһףͻһգʸ־⡣ô˵С㻹ǷɵӲˡ
ޣҿɲɵӡ
⽨ֶֺֺЦ˺Ǹж
ҲûҪ״ʣҪδеľƪǣͬǱСأ
Ҫ򿪸ӿֵݹȥһɫơƱϵܣһҵȾ㡣
ûաڵͷȥȷһƪϼģζƳò˰һ
Сʫϵˮ׼Щ⡣
ı飬ɫһ䣬Ľһá


029 
ʿԾԾҪԼʫ彻ȥʱүȴͻȻһƹ룡
˶ͬʱͣʫ֣ȥ
ֻүɽˮ滭֮תһɫ磬õŮӡ
ŮӸͷߣԵ÷ǳ񻣬ϸϸӯӯһգһС㣬ǺŮѧ¥ˡ
˵Ʒζһ㣬ִͬ𲻴
ٿһɫڻģ
һԺʱԭɫͿǱḻ
ΪǴ֮ãΪξûƳҲûڹ͢УֻΪŵ
Ԫʱɹ֣˽ԭһḻõļɣΪԪҪİ
ҲΪˣãֱͲ
õַҲǶֶָģٰӵģҲд׵ġ
ָΣ֮󣬾һŮһ򿪺ӣһָ״ָϡ
ֻ֣һָ
ৣһ
ڲ֣һȴһһֱ̩ͨĸо
žһܣЩ
ڱϾһִˣڵһѣʲôѲûʲôֻŮӵõòͦ
һѾױˣ֮в԰Σ˵һס
һһе˲ڳ
һˣ۵ĺȲʡ
˺Ųƹո˫ǲУһչݺҵȿ۽硣
ԣﴹ
ȻһƬ
ɲȴһƽĽкš
үңҲǵ⣬ЦλҪòƹ׸һҲʲô£ֻдһԴľôʼɡԣ֪ͬ˺ͽڴΪУѡǰʮȴΡѡǰʮƪ֮ƹһݳѡеģǱͷҲһͷʽ
˵꣬۾˿ȵλ׼𣬿д
һǿһʼ֣㹻ͨ˼ʮԴμʫ˴С˼ңһ˵һ˶ĵĲƸ
䣬е˶
ԺүѾ׼ˣԿʼ𣬿Կʼ𣿡
ˣɡ
ͲʿվԼ׼һĴŵ֮͸ѧǰĳϡ뿪ʱ򣬻̰ؿϸ˲һۡ
ƻǸ䲻ȵı飬֪ͬү͸ѧõʿǵĸӿȻСƷ
ЩССɧ
ΪղŲƵĳЩ񡣵ȵʿǿʼŵͷ塣
ǱߣȴͻȻվƺصһ룬Ȼ߹һ΢ЦڵܣǰΪֲԣ֪Ͼ磬ȴûϸշҵĲԣһˡ
ЩȻôǰƺ󹧣̬˺ơ
ôĺҸɣ
϶ġ
ھȥףȻ⣬ȴɡصҹҵĶľţȾƾˡ
ôڵܲӣ׻ǽ벻סǰա
ߣơҲվƵСȰƣڹС
ڸоãҪƿˡ
ͻȻ䣬еĺǰһãһľˮȫеʫϡ
СƪдϺõļнֽϣˮһܣóһš
£볭СĴʸҲûȥ
㣡̲סüëҪ
Ǻǣ˼˼ֻ׼ЦŲסȥĨϵˮȻʣɵӣСĴ죬ûУȴǿϧˣǻۣô֣֮£ܱ㲻
ؼ˼ˣֶæŽ׺һҲû⡣
ԭ֪ôΪʲôдŭҪ
ȴͻȻЦЦƳ־

Цү˹ʣֶηЦ
׼ЦʱͬλͬˣСֶҲûʲôСֶдһƪٽɡ䲻⣬ȴⳡͷ
ŶֶţүϲѸӽĴ˺ͽڴ˿
ҲǸղżãȴû֣λ˺Ʋ벻߸
˵껰һɤ΢̲ΣС¥žͷ²࣬˹İڣ̤С
־ԶǡƵĸƷᡣңαز΢ǧʫ䣬ָ

ã£еǶһĺȲʡ
տʼʱ˵İεͷĴ½صʿǵΡɶصĶ˶в
ɵ״һɫɥòסٽɡдüáһǻŭ־óϷ̲֮࣬סкá

꣬ͷڶСЦڵܣΪ־׳ˡСĴҸղҲˣдã簡泭ΪֻûõͷϧûпɳģֻܱסôҲˣֳҪ׾ҲЩ̡ҪңҰдһƪôӦȥ
㡭ŭڶ𣬵ͺȣֶΣ
׷һЦ׵ƾһѧֳܱŮſϮռ˵С˸ССʲôˣǿǳɶһŮСƾʲô˼ҡǰ֮Զ£ȫ㸸׵ȨơѾɥ֮ȮŤ˼Ҳţʲô


030 Ҫ׾
治סٽɡڴõ棬΢΢ͷ
չǷĲڣƴС㻹ǲ˹Сһ͵
С׵´ʣѾСϲ쳣ʣС㣬ô˵׹״ǷǳõˣҲ֪õڼ
״ʶԣҺ࣬ݷϣȴġ
òϣʿеŻĸ֣ղ״еԼдлв㣬ⳡͷӦûκ⡣
д״Ϊִ٣ٵطë꣬ʧ֮Բ󡣿ɼˣǰʮģǺĵġ
ΪһŮвѧѷжϧΪŮҲμ֮ľۻᣬԼʫʣҲǳ棬ֲ֮Ҳ˳Լδɷڼǰˡ
δķɲǸɵӡͷĵһתһͻȻܣɵӣɵ龫֣úܡǰڲǰ״ʫƴСһ̣Ц
С΢˼С֪¶΢ЦˣС㣬Ȼ˵׹ӵĴʱĻãô˵õһ˳ҼɽԺˣ
Ӧûκ⡣
ǾͺáС͵͵һҲʫʣСȻ˵״ʲǶȻǺܺõġ
Ҳϼѡ嵵סٽɡʾ󣬿ϧʫһ˹ʱһӺָʡԪдζдⳡԴ⣬׺һһһʲǴ֮ССδЩ¾ɡʵôдҲûʲôܵҪŪЩµĶǰһҿҲ֮ˣõһѾ㹻
ƴС૵Ծ̫үһסˮ֮Ѿʮû˻ڽкõˡ
СЦȫҲֻһ̫ү
С˵ŻΪ˶࣬Ҳû˲վŮӡ

֮Ук֮ɴ˷Ҳû׺˵Щʲô
֮ڼҡͷԵ˵½һӣһʫʿƳɶصһСбЩסٽɡһǳ׷ˡǻζƳ
ǰ׹ǰۻ벻дĴȴԼƮ鶯֮⣬Ҳ
ȵҵСЩϣɶѧ鼤ؿףסߵү֪ͬôʣôʡʱѾǳˣ벻׵ĴҲд˳ɫҳɶζа
֪ͬϾǸ߹٣һЦ벻ԣүοĿ⿴ףøֶҲƽո߿һۡⳡԣǵһûˡ
һ⻰͵վһҾүˣҲѻͿд˼䣬˼ҵĿ佱
ѧҲЦҿΪһûκ⣬ɡ֪ͬˣΣ
֪ͬ˵ͷͬˡ
һѾûκֱһɥڵļ
мСЦڵܣǸԵһô£½صɶأ˿Ÿ̧֡ƫƫ㷸ɵΪԼһɵҡһ䣬ɶˡ˹֪֮ûСĴʸ壬㻹ʲôȥɣɲĵط
ôˣҲܲ˼ԼӵһɫתΪƽף㵱Ҿдһ״ʵͬ˵ɣСƪ֮ʫʳͣҾûҪҿдһ´ʳôƷƷܲʤ㡣
ƾɵӣһ׵ģ˭ҲȥʲôЦĻһҲƲסеĵ⣬ЦţƱһ
ֻоԼеĿҲ΢ľš
˰ܹߵ죬ÿԼĲѧǸνչˡû㣬һܹţһܹ͡
ɾΪùĽӼãͬǰ˸Ӵŵݹϵһף˵ǿЯ
ֶ̨˵ҲһͨˣûӦⱲҲˡ
СˣʧƣȻȵͷϡ
ԣɶĶˣͷΪԼˣǵ֮ķӡ
ˣĶѾ䵽ʲôزˣ׽һٳ䶯ɶһڶҲҪûԼĲ֮ҲҪӵδޡ
Сò˫ȫǰǱõĲƹҲѷһ֣ҲֻڲӾһɵӣƾʲô˹飿
뵽̧ͷȥĿ䵽õϣӿƲɫ˫ȫ汻ҵʫʴ򶯣ĽС檣ȴҲһ¡
ԽԽǳ嶯εߵǰ
޼ɵĿ⿴ǰˣһ֣ЦƹŹĲ֮˵һú͸֮ϧԵһ׷²ţⳡͷһչȴС׮Ը

Ȼ˵һС㿴׼С͵ͻ
СѾߣΪһɵ˸ʲôѽƼС΢΢üͷ
ɫǰҲǵΣǰȥ֮ͥµϷŮơ
СȵŴͣϴһ˿̲סҡͷףʫǼõģôƷ˲ҼСĽʧ
Сһ˫۾ˮ˭Ľͽˣ
ǺǣᣬҼСҲ֪ˡЦЦЩ̿

ƱµԱߣһȵԼϣͺҪԼ͸һ˵ҲʮоЩڣȻҲʲôɫ
ⳡԻδӾԿ˵һΪʱ𣿻˱дøá
ûɫеᷳЦţƹղſ֪ͬүڴ˺үͷġ񣬸λͬʵĴʸ嶼Ѿˣȴûܽױȥ
𣿡תͷʡ
үһһӣͷˣûʤֶ
һûЩģĿһתĿ䵽ͷϡ
˵ĿⶼŲƿȻͬʱôЦ
ǻһû
дҪ׾ˡ
߽ô˵أ


031 ¶
һûЩģĿһתĿ䵽ͷϡ
˵ĿⶼŲƿȻͬʱôЦ
ǻһû
дҪ׾ˡ
߽ô˵أ

嵺С˵Żеһڻûн֪һҲûдͬʱ̵ĴЦ
ͻȻһʫҲǵһβμֱҲ֪Ĵ˺ͽڣеۡһֱһ˵Ůǽڳޣδزһ˿άʵ˵Ҳ֪ԼдĶô
ʱֵԼƷһЩš
СЩڹӽˡ۾ڴĹâ
С㣬ֻɵӽҪ׾ˡСΪ׵ϷŮһ¶ջ̲סЦղСҲˣеĸѾСŪˣھ볭Ҳûȥ
嵵ڹӿɲɵһסٽɡҲʮ֣һ磬͸ñˡ
С㻹˵ûһɵʲôԣҡ
ʲô嵲СеĲԣ
Сһ֪ʧԣګګСС㣬ӣҲڸղšŽʫ彻ڵģһֱûлῴ˵ˡ
嵾һĿдһ˿ŭ⣬¡
С㡣С֪ãǰ֮ӵʫῪʼŸڸӣڲִ֮û취һĻ䵽үû׼¾İ¸ˡ
£СˣȻȵΪˣôµġһڹгɾͣŹŲӣ˳ûУлԼ嵵棬ҵС档⼸Ҳǳ㣬û뵽ȴˡѾҿòʰöؼȥɣ
С㣡Сŵڵϣһ뵽Ҫ뿪ƴС㣬ˮ£˲޵С㣬С֪ˣߡܺһСȥ
ޣߣһޣʧɫܶ˵ġ
ϧΪʵֻ̫Ͱ
Ȼүһŭȣں
嵺Сæ˳ȥȶӯӯһȻ֪ͬ͸ѧڰ£嵼Ĵˡڴˡ͸λӡ
һ˵һ͵ȥڡ
£͵վ㣬ƼҴС㡣
һ䣬ͬһѤõĵһʱ˶ס˺
ԱߵĻơһڵĽͬʱһɵ£дС㡣
С𣿡Ŵ˵ԭ˵Ķģұ͸뵽ģȾºȾ°
Ϊ嵳úƴүһǸӣ벻ȴƯⲻѧ
ôһݳªļһﾹȻóŮɣǳɡ
ԼŮȻܵͷ¶棬ƴү㵵ͬʱŭغһʲô߿ߡ
嵣Ů˵ʥֲƹˣʶһþ͵͵棬ղһʱΣг
ƴүһӣ£
һֱû˵֪ͬͻȻ̧ͷض˵ҪԿɴ󷽷عˣҲߣվɡ
嵴ΪϲллĴˡæСص棬һСԴʱʱ̽ǵһɵļ¶
ƴүڰͷҲ̫ˡ
ĴЦЦ֮϶˵ҼҵĺԣȻҪΪ֮˵֮ʿķ緶
үһϣګګתͷˣ˭ûڣֻʣһˣѽ˴ʫȻ˾ͱĥˡʵд͹ȥ
һŭȣٴνᷳĿ䵽վŵϡ
ģԭС嵣δޡҾȻˣ޴޴ʲ졣
ִǴףоֳһֻӬĸоѻǿ϶ģԼô˵ҲһӢŵִ꣬ΪûǮûƣôһҲҡ
ǹŴãȻòֱͨһɵӵһŮŮȴءҲǰСһסٽɡڳϮ
ˣҲҵ
һ˲䣬һֻȸԾĸоôһŮӾȻҵδޣΰɣ
ǣԴд֮ѾƼҵﾡˡС⣬Ҳͬ⡣
֪ˣαص
ЦЦȴһԼִᶪʧһһҹʱ䣬ͻȻһ亹ӱ߳Ҫִᶪʧʱ䣬ⶪʧʱԽԽֱ࣬һٲصִᣬҪһӡΪһˣʲôҪĶƾ˶˵ûκѶȣʿûκѶȡɰԱƶȣȡȡ¡һɵϣܿԣҲȥһƺţؼҸϡ
һԼôȥƾҲûκ塣
ԼǸɵӡ
ڰڣǰʵ̫󣬻˵̫ʵˡ۾ֻڿƾ棬ȴֶ֪Թ˵ҲûʵôһȡҪɳһҵʱֳֶ֮
ҲҪЩı䡣
ôʹڿʼɡֻҪܹⳡʫӱ
ٽɡҿɲʫʣд粻᳭
ڵǲɵشһ˿΢Ц
ʱһ͸϶˼֧ɫ¹Ͷ룬һ
ղҲκ覴õľɫգٿǰĲƣͷһ¹⡢С򭡢ơˡ

Ƽүᷳףжʱ󶯡
ƼСŮѾУд˵һɫŮҶЩĶ
ϧ˼˻ԼҲֻаĽķݶ
ֻáƴСȻټŮ֮òδؾ紫˵ôòǸһĳԶﴫѡοԼ
ȵǸɵӵ鴫˼֮ýƸסŮͳŮгŮǸŮһֻҪȢƼҴС㣬޿϶ٲˣٷܶһ갡
ϧƼҶԼڵĻԼδΪɣһһؾˡ
ڣƼСòɫּƼүڵ̬˶ӣ֪׮¿ҪߵͷˡƼСһƼǴ󸻴ŵڣôܰŮôһ׾Ĵɵӣ
˾һжֻͲٶˡʱʫɵһδдعҲǱﲻġ
ԽˣǵĻԽ
һʱ䣬˶ţе˻սȭͷֻһ׾ͽá
Ʋ˵öԣдͱĥˡ۵һЦʷڵһֲţδЩʧ񡣡ٽɡ˵ҲѣֻҪ֪ɺƽƣ֮УͨҲܴϼ䡣ʵڲУͺȥ״ʫˡ
ԣ״ʫˣȨǸӡһͨ롣
ʫһᡣ˵УһֱľվͻȻһϲʫˣҲдüáʱҾдһ׹ϿʫΪ֪ʫҪҪûó
Ŷڵԭдһʫģô塣װһʹļ׵ģڵܰڵܣΪ˵ʲôءҪһ
ãˡڻǸľӣͽϿԼſۻˣдþΰ
һЦڿܺߵӡ
ͣ˽еĲˮ˳ȥ
ŶƤڵϡ
ׯص֪ͬҲЦҡͷ
үİˣɷ羰ĺҲȥ


032 ƹ
棬һˮС״ʫЦȴֲңһˡ
ԱߵһЦȻһǣ૵ڣ̫ˡĲʫʰɣֺαҪԼԼ
ҪŤȥʱȴסǣүһ֣ƲȻڵҪдʫҿСֶıˡ
ԶԶԣڹӰѴ꣬ҲüʶһľŻعǴڳ󲻹мˣŪ
׹ʫһôԼʿ֮ơڳߣٲҪͬ򽻵̧ˣһҲӦõġ
ң׽ŪɵҲһȤ飬ֶΪ
үû뵽׻Ϊ飬һߺߵ˵ֶܾˣԭôһʶˡдҲ߼ҵȵĶ䣬˵ʲôû
סЦݣƲȻڽӵƸμʫᣬչأдԼдʫʡҵȿЦдòãƨͨܲԼ˵ǲ
үҪԱߣ֪ͬȴͻȻڣȷˣִ֮ԡ
԰дַһЦ
ȻĴ˵ˣүҲ÷һһƨϣΪ
һЦˣһЦȴðЦɣ񻶰ɣǼʶһ£ʲôδʣʲôйŵѧĶ塣
װɵЦݣүһ֣̩ɽϴˣҪС𣿡
һ䡰̩ɽϴˡһڽȻҲһߺ죬̲סһ
㡭үɫһ֣дд͸ҳȥ
ȾȻ׵ĴΪһڿǴʳ¸ƷҲõһ˳ЦֱͦӣͻȻͺһʶıٲǰų
ֶһĽմһӳ䣬ƮƮسȥһߣһߴ
κ¥̨
Ļʹ
괺ȴʱ
䣬ϸ˵ֻһ롣˼ǣֻ߸¥̨Ž˵صʹ괺ĺҡ
ʾͨƽҲͷͬʱҲкγ֮
ʶһݣò˵ƽƶˣҲǴҹ;˼д̵浽ʮ֡
ȴһɵܹġ
ȻﻹʿĹЦЦСȥ
ߵǰͣתͷس߿ȴû嵡
ǲ̧ͷݹһ΢Ц
΢Щʧӽ仨˶΢˫˫ɡ
ˣϰƬٽɡѾꡣ
ƼүŭضžƱƾƣ㾦һ䣬һˮ£ֻоӺһ紵úë
ϵ΢ЦˣϵҲ΢΢סΰһȻһʡ
һʣ˶·𿴵һݲ԰׵İڴյ΢УֿƻõĻУӷȥͬꡣ
û˵гÿص
ϵĳҲ棬ɵΣ

仨˶΢˫˫ɡ
֮嵽䷴˼飬۾оӨˮ߳
ҪٴγԼ飬޷ķΧʱͻȻһ֣͵ؽȻƿ
һݣޱɫ˲ӿá
ɫ¹ͬˣˮһȺУμʡ
ٴλӶ䣬Уڿֱеĳˡ
ֻһĿȣɳ翴ͺҪ俴
ǵС
¡
˵˼
ʱڣ
ղƹ顣

ǵС¡
嵵ͷ˿ԼǼɫӣڲصת۱ɫûС򭣬С򭲻𣿡
ϡǵСʱΣֵӡ˿̣˲˵˼ζʱ¹ȴƮȻȥĲƣѶ


033 ȥ
ɤӣԼסٽɡ顣ֻбɵӺ΢Ĵ磬һ˿һ
Ȼݺһգյ˼
˿˿裬絶̣ʹ̣࣬ƫƫȴ޴Ӱա
һ䡰ʱڣղƹ顱ˣѾ˿ȴ͵鿪ж㻨꣬׷ڡѾζӳµǿ
ԭڹӵʫʾõЦ嵻Ϊ׽ɷˡϲ֮࣬һ΢΢̡
ٿǰƮƮ꣬˷Ȼòƽȴκ͡ԼãҲֻӲ嵡
ʿ꣬ӲȮ
ƴСճյվͬʣСʫʣ̲סʣС㣬ɵ⹫״ΣӿֳģСһֶˡ
ѹһ䣬תߣֻһ̾ʿһЩҲû˸ǰ׳һٽɡǰСˮСղƹ顯ѽдˡҲ֮ɧīͶԴ˾ֵ

ѻȸûҲûǰ״ʳʱҲƵĽкϵĳѾ𾪺Ŀ档
׵Ĵʴһܽһãڵġʱڣղƹ顱һҶ֪κȲʡ
ղǱ̼Ʒ
̼Ǳδĵӣ˳С̡дٶ״׳ȫССڱڷչһ߷塣Сʶ໳£дܴġס仨˶΢˫ɡĴ֮ΪسǧƪҲΪ
ʵδеġٽɡвټյġͥԺع۵ġǧ撵֡
֮СŨ㴵˭֪ůҲӻʡԼ᳦ᡣ
ֻװǸŮӣ֣ζδЩԡعۣƷӦҲѡֻС̵׺ϴ˼ζǻǶȥСͲƶ˵֡
ΪûʫδʵʫʳͣߵĻ塢ʫ·ӡԪҲǳδЩֱɣ֮Ҳ㡣
סɽڣϦ족ǴĵһƷͨΪǿȥҲδܳԽСѧʿû뵽״ʣߵִ˿νС·ӡ״ʣһײԾΰһԼţ赺ϣá
ǧž
סٽɡڽƮɵĳһ£һ𣬳Ϊ׵֪ͬһʩһǣ
Ȼسȥ
˶ʯ״̬ȴû˵ʲôҲûȥڡ
ԶԶģʵЦһڷǲܣмΪ֮һ׳Ͽѣкѡֵһ״ʫһЦ
缱Գ
ɳɻء
ޱľ£

ﱯﳣͣ
ಡ̨
ѿ޷˪ޣ
ʵͣǾƱ

ԾƳȴһ˵ıϸϸƷ֮лһֿ˼׳־δļȡ
ղסٽɡԼǰǳ
ȴһɣϿջм棬ǱȥĴ󽭣ͷبŲա
һ̾˹ͬⲻϢˮҹ
ꡢػôһϡ

֮ȴղš
ʧһƬɫ֮С
Ĭã֪ͬͻȻһ̾Ǵʫȴںεأ
䣬һʿһߺվ첽ߵ֪ͬǰӰԼĴʸ壬һѳˣʿţǰСд㶫ǲĿЦǰ֮Ϊ£ڻСٲʫ
ʿ꣬˭˸ʫʾмػʿվ߹Լĸӳˣ֪ͬǰһҾȴ˵һ仰תȥ
ؽ̹й֮磬ҳɶʿӵ治ʫһǧ֮󣬶Ȼ˼ǵýҹ֪֡ͬЦתͷүګ˵δĶƼҵСĴĲŮ֮һѧʴʦŵϡСѧҰһص㼯ǼˣĽȻ˾֮ţǰҪȥʿӵķͷ𣿡
ĴԼŮһ£Լǰǳ⣬Ҫ˽ȥүګӺͲӶģ죬ε˵
ѧڼګкЦӣڵͷʵˣûɡ
վһõһС
֪ͬǺһЦҲףԽڵڽǰʮĿ϶ûʲôģǷõһʲƹ
ԣ¹ȴһڵͷ
ʱȻǴʯĸ
κ¥̨
Ļʹ
괺ȴʱ
仨˶
΢˫ɡ
һٽɡˣȻǡޱľ£


034 ʱΣ
ˮһҹǣẽˮˡ
Խĺôûѹ໺˷ָͻȻ䣬ڸоԼòʱ䡣ÿ춼˯Ƶ𴲣Ȼһ飬ľ죬ĴеĺɰҳʯڴƵһأȥżҳ档
Ȼƣȴ嵼ûκιϵҵĴ׶½Сԣʹ׶һҹˣɫֳţһİɫһͷ棬֭һϴ̵˺ʹлٹһӣζһˬ
һˣڷذĴСԣӳǱԵϣʲôۡࡢ궹һһ˸顣
ԭԭζʳϳˣȴִܲġ
˼ҵĹүԭϰߡԴˣӲ֣ͨͷСĵظಽ
ȵԼҹŽһ붹ԣ֣һССڵسš
ƽ￴Ը룬ȴһŮı֣˵Ƶܣ˵ʱҲЦֻһ¡
һһͣһǰһʯţŲӯࡣڰƮƮȻ廹ִ˵źʹݷСųǺͷɻĴȴһ˵ôһɰС벻Ϊ½صһҲѡ
Թ緹ͨȥ½µǿôһ̲裬ůؿҳ顣Ȼ̧ͷƬ̽ϵɳף
ʱ룬Ҳִǿ˴࣬á
һûԶ־˵ġ
ſƾһ£ΪԼҲһȥȻһȥСԼһ棬ͷסȻ󣬶ӺԼ໥֣ÿһݡⲽءС
ٲ봨ϲ
ϧҲǹ۹ͣҲûʵľ
˰ͷĪ˼֮Ժ˾񣬿һеĸӣȻͷĬֱͷбֱ̲Ҳûһ˿
ԤѾʵҪҲزȥˡٲץʱ䣬ͻᱻʱ
Դϴζʧһʱ֮Ҳܵһ˿ֻš죬ûзҲ·ϣΪһżȻʱˡ
ɾʮǰͬһη
ƼʫϣصִᣬһβһֻԤӾѣͬϴͼݵĵǰѹ
һĻֿܣڻ䡣
ϰѹڻָ֪ĵһ˲䣬ھǽĿ䵽Ļ½ǵʱһʮ㡣Լ羿ЩʲôôӼλģȴһ֪
һڿˮòֵ㿪һڼڵģȻֶʱˣһ졣
ԭͬǰÿֻһ첻ͬһ죬ʮ˸Сʱλ䣬Ҳ벻ԼʲôͺԼʧ֢һ
ϴζʧʱ䵽ڣҲʱ䣬̣ʱҲԽԽ
һλżȻͣͬ¼ڶηǱȻˡ
īǶɵĻ˵ǽûӱܵĿܡ
ûв´ͻ¼ԽԽƵʧʱҹԽԽֱ״ԽҲزˡ
ڵǰ˰죬ͬҪһ֧̣ȼˣһڣȴǺòסԣᶼȳˡ
ͷ֮˰죬һͷԼ״Խǰ϶ˣӱҲӱܲˡ
ڴԽİʵϣûµʱҲϿһЩԽС˵ԴԼÿξ֮Ҳϸоֶصѧġ
ܵ˵ԽС˵Ϊࣺͻ괩
νֱӽһ硣
괩һԭס壬
ԼĿǰӦǻ괩ᡣ
֮ԻᴩӦԼǾԭס϶Ȳߣʱʱ
ǣԼѾһ£ϳ̶Բһ³ͿҪߺڡһĥڼ˫Խ¼ٷ
⣬Ȼ˵ҶִֻɫĿκǰҲǳ룬һҲزˣȴЩûеơӡԵĹŴȷơǸɳһҵҲ˼ǣһû׼ʱ仹ü𣿡
ϣ㹻ʱ佫ñ϶
һеõӡ֤ʧʱη
һ죬ڹŴŹȥա
һʱΣĽ١


035 ʱ䣬ó״Խ
ƼҵʫѾˣ⣬˵һԸ⣬ʱԽԺ顣
ϧڸû뷨
һƼѾûŵĵزѾѮԵѾˣաǳԶԼ˵ûκѶȣԼҪϻһѣҲûʱȥԺ̡ܽ
˵ϾͲòǸʲôƨĴѵࡣ
Ϊ֮ǰֹʧʱ飬ڸоǰδеĽȸСԣھ̵ܶʱڽеķıǵ֮
һÿ֮оǾһƭ֡ȵóϣʦǳ⺷һںźɽ죬Ȼչһͨǰ˵ʲôѧҵĿΣΪˣ˵Ըһ㿼ˣǿи˼ԱҲָͷݣá
˵˵ɿǿҲ˵ѧԱһ侲ҲŪѪڣҪǮѧˡ
ɵȻؼһĥ㱻ƽȥˡһϵĿΣ˱˵û֮⣬ҲûѧʲôõĶ
һƭӻֵǲϵġ
ϸһ룬ֶԼҲܴСѧѧȻϴѧҲûʲôݾߣǶ࿴౳дϸûвͶĺ¡
ǧѧѰԸɺܶģֺα˷ѵ棿
ͨһ㣬ҲǸʲôѵǮ˼Ȥѧϰࡣ
黭գȻ־̳ЩŴ˵ĻҪѧ鷨Ͳ˵ˣԼֱд÷ǳá٣һŹ٣ȻҸʦ壬ͼбмҲ¥ǱΧ尮ߵĻ۵أòʹжλҵѡ֡ÿĩְҵѡָֹ壬ʱ򻨵Ǯѧѧ
ڻ͸ˡʡЭһĻݰһ࣬ͽҽʮ꣬˵еͽܣˮƽ϶׻˵黭ּңйСʱѧģһЩӣ¼
ִһѧϰ࣬ټҪģҪϰ࣬æûڵأ۵ùꨣҲʵùꨡ
˵׬ǮӪڲóȴǿԼţһƽɳ㡷Ҳģʦ佱֣Ȼ̾Ϣһ˵ʵڴЩֻʮ꣬ѧѣɣֻҪܹԼһ´ȥɡ쳾Ҳûֻܾҡ
һѧɢϧʦ˵ûãżٽƽɳ㡷ٵϰ²̸ǣһƨƽʽо̲סЦ
ΧֶҪǿļֶȱġѧһʱ䣬ȴûκγֻһӵĶƺףſԵԼĲǮָѡ
ջڻʮûửʣѧ˼죬òﻭǳáʦޣ˵йﻭѶǲôȥʮδûгɾ͡
ʮ̫ҲûҪʲô
ٺ黭ϵĽлϲ㻨˲ѧѣǾֵԼһҲô㹤ʣǲܵġѧЩִ˵ģɶԹŴ˵زٵı£ȴǳֵá
Լһ࣬ĳְɣ
δԼļƻҲһϸıÿһĵѧйܶߵŵ٣һڲ¥ѧΧ壻ڼ鷨Ϲѧվ񲹹ѧ֪ʶ͡ʷ
ڱϣϰʱ͹ˡ
ȻҪȥģɡ
ûһ̿Уճ̱ŵò
̿ѧϰĸоܺãÿһ춼ġ
ȻʧʱɷҲΪ˵־ΪתơɾڶʧǶʱԼճ̱Ÿ£δķϡ

һҹ̫꣬ɹˡ
ڳʱϰ˵һϢ
˵ẽˮˮͷʯ̨ϡв񷢷Ƶǵ˶ȥץ㡣
һȤͬһؼţϺңͷȥ
ںͶʮһƳĻ޼ףֻһ׵ǣζʮҲ֪ѧʲô
ʮϺңöȴؼȥ
ȥҪЩϣһţƣSHEϸ裬ľ조δ𡱵ʯϳȥ
ߵԺſڣӷŭؽе㻹ʲôߣǲӭ㣡
ƸιܼҵΣӹ԰꣬ҾƬ̣ͬ⹫˵һ仰ߡ
˵˵˵ʲô˵ģҲ˼ͬǰǸͷԼСﲻͬ˿̵ָֻɵǸǿĶӡ
ӣ˻һԺҪᣬҼҹӲѾ𣿼ȻѾд飬ֺ˻һ£СټޣȥѰ˼Ҿǣֺα˵ϻ
Ժ⣬΢΢һüͷ̾ϢƼ˻Ѳ
˵ʵڻƼС㳤ûƯȻִݡװ˹Ů֮УҲǳ͵ġѵʳڣ̸ֹ¶š
ŮȻÿġ
ԼͬлԼ϶ǻȢŵġֻԼͬƼ˹ϵѾ񻯵ٶ񻯵ĵزһҲʵܵҪȵԼнʿ̸
ӺɷҵǻĿǰԼųϮʫʱôһжǽԵĻϣв˾ˡʿĿҲһѡ
֪Լܿͻ᳹״Խ֮ڸоǰΣѹɽ󣬱ϡѧϰ඼ﻹ˼ȥַ绨ѩµ顣
ҲˣԴʫ֮ͬƼҲûκν
û뵽ԼûȥƼ鷳Ƽ˷ˡ


036 
ʵ˵ھιܼ˻ǲģһ׵ʱ˼ҶԼͿһµģ
˱Ҳᡣ
ӵƢ֪ģ˵׼Ҫ˵ЩʲôĻ
ΣƿԺ߽ȥЦιܼˣʲô㴵ģ
ԭ⹫ӡڽιܼҴΪϲҾصȻǷ缱Գķūˡ
һЦҲ֪ʫιܼҵǸˡ
ô᲻֪һһʫѾɶ˼Ҷ˵ӵʫʲĴǷȫ£ҲǵһġιܼЩūҲùӵʫʾʲôط˽๫̸ۣ˵סٽɡ̫үȼ硣Ծ䣬ֻ±Ļá̫үʲôȥˣȻǲ˵ġ
û˵ԱߵĶӾ;ȵؽһҼҹӵʫʾȻóιܼ㲻ڲ˵İɣֻ֪үȥƼҲμӹһʲôʫᣬΣȴû˵𡣡
ӶƼұһԹʫΪ֪صòȥ֮ͷ˯ûһΡ
ӶҲûôģҲûʡ
ôңιܼҲסţ䷢ĵūаԣϵҡ
ԽؼղμʫĴɶĲǣ֪ͬү͸ѧڴ˶ھүµĴʿе˶һ¶⹫ӵʫ̾мӣһƾ⹫Ϊʫͷ
һɶĴģŴ˵⼸ôû˵أ
Ҳ֣ɻĿ⿴ιܼҡ
ιܼһЦ˵ӹ½໧˼ңʶֵļһ𳬲٣ݵ𡭡˵ͱտڲԡ
׹ܹμĻɶҲеλᡣԼͶоߣӴĶͨͨ˿ɲ̳ʫʸ踳
ʵϣʿ𡢶˺ͨˣûǴʫϢҲ
½໧ʮ˿ڣʶֵܹҲˣʶʻǵ͵˾ò˼顣
ԼΪһʫһʵ˴Ǽᡣܿȡͳν׼ǰ;һƬá
˿㽫״Խ磬ҲִһӹӹµµСǿһ򱶡
뵽һãʣιܼңʲô
ūūιܼΣګګ䣬ȴ˵ȥ
л˵Щˣû¾ȥ
˵껰ҪɨԺӣιܼҸϳȥ
ͻȻһ£һסӣЦŸιܼңһû˵ء
ʲô£ҿûʲô¡Ĺĵ˵
ڣιܼǮģӣ㲻һǮҵˣϴʫᣬƼүһӵ͸˵˭ͷһӾģܲңڵ˵һ
˭Ǯˣӱһ̣ϲôõ飬ǰôû˵ⶼʮˣƼҲǮǲʰ˵ž̯׷ιܼҪǮ
ιܼæ˵𼱣Щ˵ĿǲܣЩʱգԭⲻǮˡ
æһͳݵС
ϲ̵ؽ˹ȥͷػ˻֣ллιܼңѾյԻȥˡ
ūһ仰ͬ⹫˵ιܼҿͰ͵ؿڡ
Ҳ֣ⶼʮȥˣƼ͸鲻Ͽô򵥡
ɫһסһĶӣιܼңл뽲
ιܼңʵС⹫빫ȥƼѧɽ顣
飬ʱû뷨ڰ˰ͷһЦܾˡ
˵ʵڻȥƼѧҲûʲô˼֮һʵѧĵʦѧϼ꣬ҲѧһЩ汾¡
ǣԼͬƼڵĹϵϲΣȥ춯ŭƼ˼棬ûȤ
Ҫѧ汾£ʲôϲ鲻˵ͼĲԼһӶֺ꣬αȥͷһţʦðӴġ
ѧϰʲôǿƾˣа˹ɷĺͿĿ֣ʲôعˡΪȤѧϰڸԸޣٱڿѼʽ޺ЧҪߵöࡣ
ҪǣϾҪʼˣⶼ˭ǹȥѧÿƼ˵ĳ


037 ԲûȤ
ͯԵĵڶ
νͯԣƾٵȡԱʸѧԡͯԣͯԡСԣ׳СӦСͳͯͯԵĴεΪԡֱݡԺԺԡھΡδΪ꿼ꡢѡΪƿ
Ҳ˵ֻҪأǻŹ˰һϵŻߡȻûٵʸҪٳòμԣõ˹֮
ʵϣͯԵѶȲô򵥣һԺˡͯΪ漰һؿ÷ǳܶ˶һ飬ǹ档
ϣװ׷ͯҲ
ԺԶԣԺԶҪ򵥵ö֪࣬Ϳ¼ȡͿԹͬ
ԵĿڶ£֪ٲӵ¡չͨݸĿڴඨѮʿӱÿǰ׼
ɶе⣬ҪΪ͢ڽǱڶñܺݼ̹һʮʼξʵҪǮϧڵĴôڣȻ飬Ͻ·ֿܣԴϾΪ츮֮ĴͲòе󲿷ֵã˰Ҳࡣ
ˣɶ֪Ҫһǰ˰սϡһԾͱǰѮ
ѾѮ뿼ѾûˣƾٿԼĸȥԺ飬ȴûҪ
ھԼ飬ιܼЩˣӣӣūһԡū˵⹫ǰزһֱûнѧáȻӢţʫüõģȫ£ҲϺšϧƾٳϣÿ˹ʱģǲ湦ûϹѧãвͲĵطҪʦָ֮ʿӽ˿Ҳ˼ְղǣ
аЦιܼ˵ˣʫʣϮڻûκΰ취˵д˹ɣѲҡ
˰ͷ΢Ц
Ҳ˵Щʲôȵιܼң߶Ҽҹ˵˲ȥġ
ιܼҽ޷˵ڣٿһ£Ժָ֮㣬ٿȡ׮¾ˮˡ
ιܼ˵£˾Ŀ⾼ϡ
ڻǰͷһԿȡܼ֮ҵ˼ûϹѧãҿ濼йƼҾͲˣ
ǲǣūԲ˼ιܼҴ󼱣ͣʵǣʵǡҲҼү˼үǸʫᣬǷųֻҪǰʮʲôɽԺ顣ӵĲ߾˹㲻ɽʲô˳ȥһЦү벻ÿ
ʱҲò˵ʵˡ
һߵͨ죬ֻ޲õһȥ
ԭŶһЩջ𣺡ô˵ƼҹȥҪΪүӡڵʱʫϾ͸ý׾ڴ֮ͥƽ裬źƼҵ⡣Ǳȫүӣ
ǣǡ
Խ˵ԽһӣҽԺԲûȤ
ߣƼ˱ǿžķԵɣһԸ֮ˣָιܼҵıӴƳԺӡ
Ƽ֪ùӽԺҲɡֻҪǴӦ׮£ҼҹһƼҳݽȥɣ׵ġһ̸
ιܼ֪ԼʧԣŭڣҲ֪û취ȥֻ̾һūֻܾôȥү˻ػˣүͷǸɵʲô¶

ʲôСӻɱˣιܼҵĻ㱨Ʒһʣġ
ιܼȴԽؽ͵ۿȥ˿ӣʵڷϵָȴ΢΢ţѩ׵β
ϤƼҼµ˲֪Ʒ˲ƼˡүƢõʱҲսս䤱
˿̣үʵڷǰ˵һ仰
ιܼ΢΢̾Ϣ˰ˣôƲڹء˷ǰԲ˵ƼѾүһЩΣǸɵӣǺǣɵӣ߾ˡɵӣȴɶĶںεأ
벻ˡ
һÿǸأƷ˺һҪȥ
ǣˣֽܼСһȦ
ˣֻ²װɣһֱû˵үګСĵز졣
û£ַϻʲôŪǸʲʫᣬ⣿Ʒüһݺݿګһۡ


038 ٹé®
Ƽүګη绢һǳ⣬ͷȥڨڨ֮˼Ҫڼ翪Ժɽʲô취
ɷ򽫾̧˳ƷȻ˵ЩʲôһֳĲѧһһģҪѧеſɵһ࣬һ١ãһ뿴ųմأֻǣ˾Ǹµĺ˶ͷա
ŭУƷֳһβ
ǣ˵ǡګ͡뵱꣬ƼҲһ˼ңΪȢ˵׸͢͵ŮҡһΪһһĴ󻧡ѵ̨ƷڣګԼ־£ǰ˵֡
ʲôǣҿҲɵˣƷ˵
ˣôˣګЩȣ˵ڣǲˣȴ
ԱߵļѾСӼԼүԱЦȴֲңһܡ
ƷŭվҸղ˵Ĳˣϻȴ档Ҳ֪ô£д˾ʫʣʫͷƼҿǷųȥ˭ǰʮģͿɽԺ顣СȴڸӲ˳ȥԵҼԺû˲ɵƲ𣬲ϽƼҵ浹޷ֳ飿
˼޺޵ҾôһֳϳôࡣƽԸǿһԺ˵Լ´ѵԸҲܰɡܽнѧɽôʿ㡣
һ뵽׺ֳϳԵĿ࣬һ뵽׵Ҳû磬ƷȦһ죬Щ
ѾߺСǴ󺧣һӵϣëĵëȰοȰοֳһš
ãƷ˲ƽһתȥүʲôӣҲգҲգҵýɵӸֳŪ
ŷ˵ıӰګɵۣվá
ãιܼҲС˵үǺã
ιܼһ仰ګѹ޺޵ؿһۣ¾ͽˣ첻ɣÿ
ιܼнпࣺү¿ɲð졣Ǹ⹫ӿɲ洫ԵǸɵӣ˼Ҹ߰úܣֻʹѰֶ޷顣
ɵӣдǰ㾫ʾ֮ɵ𣿡үЦһɫдһ˿缱Գ
ɳɻء
ޱľ£

˼ؽֻ¾̩ɽϴҲдġ˿ţֳ֮áιܼң·ǳҪ취ˡ
ūͲˣòϣڵʫʵһɾԺҲҪഫȥƼҵѡ
ֳλش˵һҪǹϵδĴ£϶ϲ
ιܼһ£̲סʣүΪ̫үƽ
ګɫһ䣬ѹ뷨̫үͬͬ껹вڹٳ¡İѾȥô꣬Ҳõƽʱˡ֮ҪССҲ¶飬ȥ
ιܼ׹ʣүҪڽԺ飬ǲʲôӶԣ
ګ۷һ嵶Ļ£ȻŸ߰˶ɷ˶мһȴˡ
ιܼңǣūףȥ졣

ү⼸ȻѾˣӣ·ҪЩġ
үȥɶҴůֺʱůá
үҾûȥˡдϷϸ㡣
һֻһ߷ȥæҵʰŶ
ڶ챻С۾λˣεطеëʣ΢ЦɣվܵӣǮ˵һ죬ȵ˳ɶŶˡ
ȣ˵æˣųھͰѶʰˣҪõʱֵðѰɢȥμӿԣڳɶҲס˼գҪôණġ
ιӣϢһ°ɡûˣߺðӶˡ
ʲôۣӵԲ۾æǽһ߹޸͵˵ͩͣ
ǽۣǽۣ㰡Ųε£ҵСķˡкЦ̧ȥšСĶ䣬һһĹܼĪЩη壬ͽַ
·ݵĸѾûмˣڵļƻҪǰȥɶű
ԵĿʸͬһҲһ
һ£ҲʶʲôˣȻҲôҲǲμӹԵģҲ֪ʵڲУдȥ֪ͬˡ
ϴƼʫᣬȻû֪ͬ˵һ仰ͨ۲죬ǸĴ˺ܺƵӣӦúܺ˵ңԼһʫһУ֪ͬûɲЯǰ;޿ĺ󱲡
뵽Ҳûʲôɵĵġ
ڣ⼸ʱ䣬Ժúðѿݱ죬ȡһء
ǣ컹ûڣڽöӽԼúƴµĿóһ顣Ȼĥīռ佫˳ֳֽϡ
ü䲻ñͷԹϵԼǰ;ȻЩĿͱãɻǲ
Ѿ
ɫϦѾɽֻ߻һ˿Լϼ⡣ɫĲ´ӵƽ쳣
ͣһƪ˹Ŀ꣬յƻϵˡ
ʱԺſڴŵһŮںڳ
ƼСѾС


039 Լ
ʲôû˵СѾСӾͷȥһߵԺſڣüŭӹȥ
סԺſڡ
Сؿ˶һۣҲǣֱֻŲӳﺰ㾿ڲ棬Ųˡ
С˵Щ죬߳ӣԭС֪кμ̣
ӣҲüˣӲãЩЪϢɡûɵˣԻüëһСȵߣ
֪СԵ޹ʵԼһЦӣһᴦ㲻Ҫܡ
ӡؿһۣεõһߡ
ڵؿСһۣСⶼǰˣʲô
СͿڲ˳ۣ˵Ҳڣ㣬͵ŴűϡѾˣȥȥ㡣
˵žͽһżתˡ
ιСûͷûԵġڵͷȥֻżдһоС֣űߣ£һ
û´ӦƼСдġ
ϸһ˿ЦݣԼ𣬹Ҳһף
ȻԼȥҲʡôһŮִûִ֮δЩ⡣
ңϴʫԼ׾䣬˶סˡ˵Ҳ֣½ڶȦ棬Ҳû֪ճֻ켣֮УûջһѳݵδЩʧͼį
ҪͬһŮ棬һ뵽СֻкεĽһȸԾ
˲öӼԣһ½ʩʩȻš
ɫӵĺڣеǵƻվϻͷȥЩҵƻζ
СվͷСԶԶվţþڡ
ԤеûзСһ񵭣ֻ΢΢һʩ񣺡⹫򸣡
˿̵޵ԺʱǸ鶯ѣһҹ㣬Ҳ֪һʵ
СãǳƺСأС򭣿ڽĿ䵽Сϣ㻽ڹ֪кηԸ
С촩һ°ɫӣͷš
΢΢ӷ紵ŵİٺϻζ
ϲôƺԡСһЦɫãǡסڳеԺʹС£ȴӣˡ
ֱ֣дŹԼңôżˡ
Ҳ˵ƣǰˡ겻żҲǼɫˣдƣųߣȴоһƲֱˣɵ˹
˵󵨣Сһ죬ͷȥ⹫˵
ڹһЦҲһˣһߡ˵գͳǰȥ
šСӦһ
˾ôǰУźһš
СĿеľԽؽˡ
˴ʮӵģû˵һ·ϣڷСǲ͵͵̧ͷԼһۣȻַɿؽͷȥ
ȫȻûеðСʱľɰ
Щ죬ڵҸͷ̸룬ȴ֪˵Щʲô
СҲʶЩȥף˼ͻȻʫ죬⹫ӵʫá㣬ˡɫãʲô
ûСпû˼ȥʫһֹСðԼԼΪͬԼһô򵥡ڵʫижһɻ󣬾ǿдҲʲôþҲǡͷԼƻ󡯣û˼û˼
Ӳ֪ʫǴƣС㾪ȵ̧ͷ۾ֿʼˡ
˵ˡ
Ŷ
ʱǱߣСͻȻСߴ٣С㣬ʱˣûȥˡ
ͻءСӦһֳһ⹫ӣûȥˡ
ԼЩʧ䣺Ҫˣ
С죬Ȼʧı飺ˣ⹫ӣιҼѧġҸ˵μʫǰʮʿӶɽԺ顣˶ȥˣӵ˵һȴһֱûȥ޹⣬˾˵Ҳȥ
ԭȥ鰡Щ죬ΪСֻΪԼԼģȴĿģǺ°
ô˵ǴӦˡС㻶ϲ
ڰڰͷֻҪСʧˡ
С㾪ʣΪΣѵӻǺһֻҪܽԺ飬Ĳܵþ˾˵ϲ͵˾˵ĻˣֻҪ˵δûת
δķǰ̸Լ£Сһߵͨ졣ɫѾ׺ȥڱ˿
ǲǡڰ˰ͷмǸˣҪȥɶﻹйȥԺ˵Żвһ䣺Ȼڶ֮ѧǷǳġ
ԭҪμӿƾٰǴ£󲻵áСһҲ֪׼ûУ
ĺˣθԣڶõͷ˵ԣڵػ˻Ϣò˵һףͷС㡣
ҪԴʲôڴͷԼԼ𣿡СһЦס죺ףοɹ


040 ̰
⵱һֻĴɱڵϣˤ÷顣
ˣСӺѾǶùһأ̧ͷȥŭƷˡ
Ʒ˷ŭشվȣܼңС㡭
ιܼæƷ˵ݹȥһɫƷһ˲±ϾϵԼŮڣСѾ̸Ҳʡ
ͻӣһ֣ܼ£¡
˶ȥˣƷ˸оŭƽЩ˪ιܼңСȥ˽ڵģ
ιܼͷˮ黹򶨣Сĵػش𣺡ط˵ĻūԩһٸıӵҲôѽ
סڣ˺ȵСôȥˣô֪֪ɵϽԺģ
ιܼһ޹ˣǰգСʹūôûԺūҲǾʵػʱС˵˲ŻѧҲϧˡʱūûȥû뵽ڶС͵͵ȥڣȰ顣
һĭ˲ڽɽ֮ԲΪҼȣԹСȥ룬ŭѾƽˣȴҲһ£֮ҲиҲû֪СڵҲްȻᷳȴѵòŻڣǶǿˡ
Ʒ򣺡Ҳ˵Ǹɵӣ׵ġɵ;˵浱׼˭֪Ż߾ˡ£СӾȻǿ嵶Ҳ֮
ιܼңв֮˵Ӵ಻ãԶƲٲ˵̫үںԺʱҲһ˶ⶣ;
գԺҲǿ󡣡ܼԼĸףƷϴһ˿ݺƣ૵ҺֳⱲĺԸȸƽˣ˲ѧҲʸҼšڣܿо˹㽫嵶޹ȥҲ޷вˣҲᡣ°ɣѾˡ
ιܼ۾ﲻΪ֪һ˿ϲɫҪˣһѾ߽ˣ⹫ˡ
ιܼҾһ񣺡ĸ⹫ӣڣ
Ѿߣǣ⹫ӡ⹫˵ǰմ࣬ׯ·˲٣ȫ͹үͷ˳ʣװһ󳵡ˣ˲ٷϲԵľӣ˵ҪԸ˼밲
⼸꿿Ź˲ٲҵƼҵļԶҲнҵĸµġƽҲϴ˵ܵƷ˻ġ
Ʒ⻰࣬ιܼȥ˽״˽
ױǸ˵֮ˣÿ𻰣ֻƬ̾ͽƷ˺ÿġ
Ʒ˿ŷۣ̾Ϣȴ嵶䡣ϧȻɲϱȥȴࡣƫƫֳɵмӣڵڵһʫһ֮󣬾ҹӽ̾ҪнԺɡҪСӷҵĻ¾Ͳòűˡ˵ڴòªȴί嵶ˡ
̸ͬ䣬ƷɫЩ㱣⹫ӣҲ֮ˣ˵˴ҲһˣЩġ
һ֣ЩԼҵﳤģֵʲôҲһТġܹ֮£ҵĸݣм
Ʒˣ⹫ӵĲѧȻǼõģǿаգ
۹ػش𣺡ʮʮٽʿƾٳϵ££߷
֮λʦҲһְա
Ʒ˵ͷȷˣƽԪߣҲֹھ˹˽׼ɡս˴ڣнƾˣʹӦҵĻ¡Ȼᣬȴмš
⻰䡣ʫһûɥΪԼĲѧһͬһȣֱө֮ں£벻ҲС
Ʒ˵ֻڿо˾ͽС޸жԹȴòϣɵû׼ܿС
˵ƾٳϲʫʣʫ֮˸ۣȥųԵĿһ֮£ᣬ£˵ԣǽʿƣҲȥá
ԣɵ˵ȴǺѶȡ
ѵôС޹ȥ
Уԡ
תͻȻ˸⣺ȷڿƾٳϵÿ˹浶һ·նðġԺԺԿϣ汾£ҲûκΡǣͯԵǰԺ͸ȴǳ棬ʶҲһ˳ǽѧʿҲֻͽκΡѾԡܽڸһأһԺԿû취˾ˣ˹飬ǰЩƼҵİٰӦֺ񲻸֮ˣ
뵽һ۰ۣôˣѵҲΪɵܹ׵ؿоˣѵҲǸ˲ţ
Уεڹ˸ԡһʽǴɵӾǺƾԾˡ
һҲܲô࣬һЦϷˣôҲһţ
Ʒһ㣺һʫһʣֳҲ޲ڡ
һ̯ġ
ģ˭ģ
ЦݸԹ֮ɫŨ»ôʫ˵𡣡


041 ֮ڽ
ƼһУڲ֪Ҳû˼ȥܡ
½ص֮ʰϣͬһγɶȥȥģͷû𳵣ʶȻٶȣÿ͵ĵһѡ
ϧ˵廹ܴ磬û취ֻʵڽϡڳɶ½ֻʮ˲ͷ
ŷ彡˳Ծ̧һ˶ʮ·Ҳ㴭ϢȴߵеΡ
ʼе˶˵¡ϻǱӸһ
ͬӶѿֻ࣬ˡϣѾɵ档
ͯԵĵڶأͬԵĳΡݻһ
ʵϣǰճɶѾ˸ʾ˿ںͳΡտꡣԽ֮Űʾ
ֱһʫһͲһ
һһ죬дһƪģҲǰ˹ġڵǿ¡
ڶʫ֣ȥˡ
ΨһͬԵǶһۣչҪ졣ɶ֪æҲûڸϻ̫ʱ䣬ѹһա
˵Զ˵Ѷȡ֣½ı˸죬͵һľˡ
ɶ֪ͷڸͷԶԣҪ࣬ʽĿ˵ܴκƷȥ֮ǰȵ֮󻹲볡ҹ͵˯ڿֱտڽܻؼҡ
ҪڿشֱǷĥ˿⡢дݸ塢⣬Ȼ飬ʱ䳤ȴҲóʵֻ轫Ԥȱķĳȥɣͻ˶೤ʱ䡣ѲɣҪڿ﷢
ڸԺһٿԵľֻҪ˳ˣͿԽ¼ȡҲٿµ尾
ˣھһԹءҲò׾ԳһƪȥȻ˻䣬ͷ׵뿪
ںʫͲۣǼȥɣ
ʵϣһİ˹Ŀܼ򵥣ԼеʮƪĿɹѡлмƪѡһƪȥȴЩѡ
ΪͯеԺ͸ʵڲ棬ͬٵĸ˿ζϵ󡣶θڣһк˵򣬾дٺãҲһŲȡ
֪һѣŵƫƫһƪϳɺصİ˹ȥߣ֪һؾӣϲʵԲ֣ƫƫдûŽأֻºԤ෴
ͺǱС˵⴫еķоһӦһʵдĶҲϳľګĺһӣҲвˡɺΪθڣڹͣڱ޴ϲŪ˷ӡ
ڳɶ֪˭ϲʲô֣һ֪Ϊ˳£ͲƾҸ㡣֪ĵ׻ǺбҪġ
֪ͬͬƼʫϼһ棬ȥɶҪŰݷãһҲ̽һ֪Ϊ˺ԣԱ֢ҩ
·һգҲǽŷǵĽų̲ڹسǰ˳ǡ
һ·ʵ̫ۣҲ˲ŸŸ˼ҸɾĿջЪ£˯һ
ڶеһд˰֪ͬסַȥݷá
ִҲһγɶ˵ǴѧʱˣͬһѾǳɶˣٵʱ򣬵ιһΡ
Ǽһס·Աߵĺձڣǡã֪ͬҲ
ͬ۸¥òͬǰƬСԺֻĴʹ˾ɶ֪źһʲôүһԵΡΰصλִʡչλáֻë˼Ǿ߸ߴǰĵһ¥档
˰ϳɶòȥš
֪ͬҲһԣˣΪɶ֣ȴסһͨլӣҲԵΪƾɡ
ԭеӰǵ¥ݶڴʫʣҼү⼸߶㣬˵Ǻ޲һ㾹Ȼţ˼֪˻֪ϲʲôӡгһʮͷŽڵݹȥƬӣһۣ̬ȷǳͽ˲裬˵ԵȡͽԺȥˡ
е⣬еڿ
ɵȲƬ̣ȴ˹̬ȷǳӵؽӵǰĲ輸ϣ֪ͬæҺŰɡ
һ˵ǰ˵ĻԼʫһʫһѾɶ֪ͬҲǷǳ͡ôһתۣӵ̬Ⱦͱأ


042 
õģھ֪ͬϴˡ
ô͵Űɡһ䣬ͽﲻܡ
ھͶ˶Σ
Ҳ֪Ǽʲô˰죬ĴҲϳͬڼ档
ʱһһţֱ˫ȷ飬ǵû֪Ҳû˳䣬ǰݼ֪ͬ˳رԺȥˣûڡ
ۼ磬еĲˮѾȰף
кЩףĴǲͬԼġ
ȻŪףιݷ֪ͬϵδĸԣܾôȥ
ҧҧ΢Цؿ֡
Ա߿ףѾ˿ʱһ˾ôһߣͶᣬɥȴһ񵭣ֱһִݵķ¡
̾һһʿ꣬ǳɶһӣַȶԣҲֻʡЩʿϴϿǱѧ֮ʿܣҲ֪ôŭĴˣ
ôȥҲǰ취̾ϢһһΡ
ӱֶ֪ͬ˽ӣûйڵһʫһʴɶ֮Ƕҡ⼸գԺȫЩԼ뷢ŵʫ䡣
ڼڣЩ
һ嶯ȥ֪֪ͬͬϴˣ½ʿڻţϴǲǡϾʿֺ֮㣬Я󱲵˳ȥԴС˲˼Ϊʲô
֪ͬ鷿￴飬һܨûߣ
ҲػֻЦһ
֪ͬڰͷʿ꣬Ҳգȥˡ
˵껰֪ͬվȥԶԶؾͿڱֱĶ΢һ
˽ΡСԣֹҪϺǡ
ڵǲ
ɱϣ֪ͬһģ߽ȥ֮ҲڵĳһҾһڣʲô
֪ͬӵ̬䵽һ⡣ǻֱӣʫ˷ֱ֮һֱڼҶ鱸ǡ긮֮ڽɶӦϰˡ
ң֪ͬЦһѲ㻹߱ٵӣ
ҡͷ˺γԡ
Ĵ˻Цȴشڵʣһʹļ׵ı飺̹С˳ݣƾǹֲŴ䣬Ƕ˵汾£ͶȡкáֱȡĪ˵ƷԲǰĴ¡ڰڣٴǰô㣬ΪĴһĴšȴ֮ˣ˺ʧ
΢΢һ򶨵˵˵Ļס
治׻Ǽװף
ڣʾ
ãȻҪҲٸˡ֪ͬĻһ񵭣еŭȻһӣڣ㣬ɽʫϣһʫһʣֱʣ
²ĴһˣȷʵҲɻ󣬰ѵ˵С̺ͶŸʫѾдˡ˵ʱճˣ
Լ󰡣Ȼơû֡ʷﻹǴڵģףһ󽫾ɡû׼ŸСһʷϻʫ˴ˣԼǵƷֳһЦ
ɰڴˣصģԼٲӴ˾ڿƳ̳͹ٳ˻Ŀܡ
дεĺӱ
ڻֵ̿ı飬֪ͬѾȷǸҥԣɫŭڣȻǸСˣڻϡҲǹٻ˼ҳȻ˲ҪȻ׽ĳ࿴һۣҲ˱۾ˣҺȥ
ȵȣ׽ô£סӣһѹ쵽֪ͬеһ˼ҳϮʲôֳϮʲôˣ
ߺߣ㻹𱾹ˣָ֪ͬڣٲ֪һʫһСдġ̾С˴šΪСлԼԼڡɾ̾ϧ
˵һʫһС׽ˣһɡҥŸײʵ̫ˡ
̲סЦ
ЦʲôˣҴȥĴ˴ŭСˣ
ʹˣԼߣЦԿηЦҲǷǲ֣ײǵ;˵ȴƫƫţʧ
һЦţһ߳ȥһʫһʶѣкѣҪϮ𣿡
ڵıӰ֪ⷬͬҲɻ󣬲
Աߣ̲סʣϴˣһʫһǳƼС㣿񰡣
ҥԿǴƼҴġ
ӣˣûƾʵݣΣҲֻԼ֪УƼҺǣ¿Ρ
ƫ򰵡֪ͬ૵һʫһʣ죬ǺеȴһŮдġǱˡ
±׼
֪ͬˣڸղݷñʲô
һ±Ƹ԰ɡ
֪ͬЦԣٺ٣ֻʿˣ֪Ѿ˵ˣСˣھдҲһŲȡҲٿѡڣ֪˲šȥ׷ڣ֮ʵ飬Լȥ֪Ա硣
ǡ


043 ҹ
ֻ֪ͬñһʪģһһֺˮ
һҪͬŸײͺá
ǰһ󣬶ӸԼ˺ܶоһᡶ塢ʫѡѧʦģȴûжŸ֣ش˲ʱգʫҲûʲô󻼡
Զ˴ţƷܲϷӿУӵС
ȻԼʫһʫһγƼСֵ֮ҥԻڴΪջҲ֪˭ųġ˵ҥֹߣɱϳЩơ
ҪҥԣֻڽٳǧƪΪԼ
һҲûʲôɵĵģΨһǣ븮Ѿûм죬һ»ûʵЩӡ
֪ͬǲܵˣҥԻδȥˣֻУԼҲһĳû˿ϵ
˰죬ҲûͷŲ˶أǰľȴǴ䡣
ȴһѵСӴǰӰֲֵҶïʢ紵˿裬ˮСӲԡ
߽ǺǽߣլԺͬձһӵխȴһ
ס·һʣ֪طнϴ֣ǰһȾĲҵϰƲ֮һƬˡΪ˵ко𽥱Ĵʡ˼ҵľӼء
ҲΪһʡĲƸڴˣҵҲ쳣¥ݣлں˳ˮƮǵС¡˵˼
һڽֱˮˮĺҲֱ˺ʱڣղƹ顣
΢΢һ㣬ԼƷоˮԳʣⲻССصһ¡
һ£ʳ͹˷㣬ЩܲסǴˮĺӣ֡
ԷСָźеĻЦǹ󣬾Ҵ˵ǿǲƹĴѰ˲ϼʮӣͲȥʿĲѧ߲ûһǮɡ
ҿɲȥѵҲɡڿЦˣѰȥɡ
·֪Լղֻͷ·ȴ߷˷Ҫعͷ
߲ͼ֪ͬҵӼ߹ʿʿ꣬㽫ҵˡ
ʿ꣬ʿ꣡ǴˮĺӾô
ͬߴ֣һʳɵ㶹ڲŸоࡣ̧ͷͷЩб
벻ôʱ䣬Ҳ֪ڿջﵣĳʲôӡ
ͷųԷͷѽĴ˴Ļ˵ꡣ
һڷ̧ͷһۣô˵θǶ϶Ϲ˵ģ
̾Ϣһ˵ʿҸġһʫһʣͲһŮдġĴҲɻ󣬶ҥ԰Űɡкãؼ֪ֱǰ̵ġ֪ȴǽʿԭִƽȴϲʫʡ˵һʫһʴɶ֪֮ҹӽ޲ڣ˾˵ʫʣͤͤɡ˶ħˡɵȳϮһ֪ȴôСˣСˡ
һ࣬˵֪˵ˣֻҪڳɶһ֪ǸСˡͱһء
ʿ꣬ġظ˵仰̾ϢĴ˵ˣǷֱͬҲסɾΪԵʵǰ̣ȴźȥݻ֪ˣ塣
лվһָ̡֣
ӻæ񣺡֪˵Ĵӵܴϼҹ̽ףΪ˸ӵܽӷ磬ִڽ¥˸磬ɶٹ˺йʿһۡʿ겻ȥ
ã͹ȥˡ
ӷֱ𣬹һӣڴæ¥ȥ
¥λڳɶ棬ӽϴȥҪԽɶǣҪЩʱ䡣
һ·ϣ롣ϮһµҥԿ϶ǴƼҴģϴһҲ˵־ܾƼѧ飬˵ǽǵúˡƼʹôֶΣСȷʵдһʫңֱӳȥ
񣬻ʺҲʺˡ
Ժܲ棬ܷУ˵֪һ仰¡
֪˵ˣֻҪһ죬ھͱء
ԣҪ֪ţһʫһʲǳġ
µҲ򵥣֪Ҫһżϯ϶ʫԣʱٳǧžȥˡ
ּ˸ʫֲǰ֪ĿֻҪܹȫϵҲϴˡ
뵽
鲢ô򵥣¥ַ˱仯


044 ˵ļһ
ɫѾ¥ȴŵһƬյùӰ쵡
֪ľѾ£ǳã߷ȴԵˬ
翪ʼ֪ҵūǱ㿪ʼæһϯڵ£֯ȼͼޱȡ
䵱Ļ岯ǲЩ
Щü͸ľůĺη·ɣĺ۷·ڵƹл裬任Ųͬɫ
Ǽʶ㣬ǻǱǰľﾪĿɿڴ
ˮ۰㡢ӼľʳҲá
ĸ󰡣
֪ʮѩοǳɶֽͻĸ֮ء֪С־˽ϧãֹھˣֻ֮·˹١
ųһ׽ĴЯ;Ҳ˳Ȼô󸮵֪ϧЩϲǮڳɶΪһΣǷЩƣճöҲ֮Ϊ¡
μֻ࣬ʮˣɶйſĺ̶ȣȴƼʫҪǿ֡
δʽʼɳɶʿǶϯƳ̸ӰƮУ¡
¥Ķ¥ϣһֺõһʮ߰˵δӾǹʡףһ·Ͷ٣ࡣбûУͳòơƩ罣ϵմͳеˮ̨þƣ̳ɾ⡣
ǺǣˡǸʮ߰һ΢΢סǳɶ֪Ĵӵ͢£աôݰףһŹͬվһ𣬶˶һɷſ㡣
ֵ͢صľǺϲģһ·ɽˮСò׵˳ɶɣȴҲû֮˶˵ɶǽٳǣһΪضǽ壬ߡ
˵ŻЦ¥Ӧǳɶ羰֮ذɣҿҲ
мͳɶԱߵļūͶǱˣ¶֮ɫ
ȴ˵ǣɶҲһͨĴǶѡٳһ˵ָ˴ؽ˵ļɢء˵羰¥һ׮洦
ָָƬֵЩ죬𴦵ӶԲΣӶǷεġ
Ҳûʲô˲𡣡
ǣǡֺõͣūˣиǲ죬۵ĿоǱġ
͢ڻнĴر˰죬ŹƵ˵аǣϼұȴҼֳһɶ˵ڳɶƬֵȥǡǧ·һ
͢º̫صϼڹݣһ·ڿˡ
ǺεȹԾһˣ֪͢»лװһӣʣֱǹˣϾǣôҪȥǣǵǰ̿Ǻã
͢װһصӶ۵䣬Ѿתȥ˾ǡǲԻ֮أҡڹݣȻ׾١ȥ˾ǣ˵ˡ
תȥ˾ǣΪʲôСôҲ벻ףתתȥƫԶǫ̂Ҫȥʦǵȷ֮ش֣תȥǵѣҲ֪ΰ쵽ġЩԾҲһԺҲ벻ס
ԭԸʡ¼ȡ޶ƫԶʡҲŻݡ෴ԽĻٵĵطȴơԽǵĻ֮أһ꿼ǧ˳ʡֻиɵ۵ķݡ
ǣߣжԲߣٿڿ꽫תƫԶȥþǶһְգк߿ζ
ȴˣ͢ºúõĹݿƫƫҪȥ˳츮ͬһȺԸּľţ
ûлشΪʲôת͢¸ĪһЦתѣкѡҼֳ½̫ˡ
½̫ĸ½̫
͢ЦһĵؿһۣȻǸӣʲôҲ
͢£̫̫̫̫̫ٱ̫ٸ½˵˭
½ָʹ½ۿڳͷϾ߳ˮ
͢¹һ䣬ԣҲһʡµԭɣҿڣĪ֮ûתȥǣһв˾ˡ˲ҲҪ
ǣǣ½Я˹ʲôά
ҲǣȻ½Я˾ˣԽǰȴмôʵҲڹݿо֮ŽʿƵġϧ¹شȴȥȥ͢¹̾һ۶Сʵ֣ȥȥ½ıŮġ½Ӳˣ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ˵ֻ³Ų궬졣½ҽ׳ϲ
½½ŮĿ࣬͢µмʵ÷ͬˣƾʲôȢһȨµŮΪޣ
ˣ̫ˡ
еļһͱ֮ɫ棬ۣϲ֣󸻴ˣЯһСܡ˺˵ǲһ־ȻȢ½Ů컯
˵˵ֹ͢סЦ˵һֱĽֶŮ嵣ǿһŮôнչ飬Сδ⣬˼ҿδģ㲻ֵ
һ仰ͬһѵӲ嵽Ŀڣһ䣬޺޵СͬлԼŻ֪ǸɵӣƷּΪһʻţˡ
˭˵أҲ˵ܣڳɶֵڰɡǺǣȻСʫʣ˹İ࣬ҼһһΡͬ͢˵˰컰ҲЩ뵡ҸطϢƬ̡
ҲǱ۲ЩͷҼֳҪˣһȥӦһ¡ˣҪʫᣬǡдЩеĲſǶָҲд
ۻ⣬ҹ˼͢²ǣ˾ͲҪˣִţҾͲ׳ˡ
͢ص˵ͷɣҲȥԾơ۵ҲԾʵϣһ·ϾѾ;˺üĻᡣҲԤú׽д˲ʫʣֻһһʿּѻϣܹԼڽָʹ½Ŀз
ԽһʫҲò죬ʫ÷ɸ봫䵽½˵С
롣ҪõһߣȴͻȻ¥һϤӰ
ʱһЦ͢µ֣ղŲ˵Ҽһһڻˡ
ָ¥µǸĳڡ
٣ģȥϷˣһ¡͢Ȥ
ϧȶ˳¥ȴˡһʣϯڵǸۻش˵ղ˵μģΪûȥԹԵȥˡ
дΪʧ͢µɺúõϷһڣһڶȴ˿ա
̾Ƭ̣ߵ͢¼ûӣҲˡ
æȥ͢ǰ;һƬҪˡ


045 
֪ɶʿ˸عԱͳʹ˾˹νǸûȥҲ⡣
ڵʱ֪㣬ſڱ˵Ҫݻ֪ˡ
ڴۼ磬Σ˵Եɣֵ֪ϴµ飬ҪЩʱܹ
ʧʣһūģ˴Ҵ߹æסʣС½֪ϴںδǿɶˣλ๫أ
ǸС½ūͿģ֪׽֮ˣЦŻش˵֪˵ˣ˴ʢûвƹȴЩζ֮˵ɡ
ƹҪһϴƼңȻû˵һ仰ԼʫʱӮףһڶ
˵ƿǷԼһġ
ûҪȥѰƣܲԼ֪
ǸԱӣٹ͸ýˣȴܵ顣
ǣҲ˲ͬ۶˵һ֣ҴҸǶȥ˸ա
ʱڽϴּƵĻӦǳ½ϸȥֻҪ˸ա
¥߹һСߴŴ˳Žȥ
ǳɶǵĻǺӣʵϣȥȴûгǽɶϵһһķڣ䣬ѾԽ˽ϰγһƬٵĽС
ҪɸӡϺɡһǸӣˮǳ壬ȻѾǻƻ裬ɵͷȥܿˮб̵ˮݺȥϷ㡣ٿߵķݣ̣ԼʺһĸţͬһŵɽˮС
ʱһֱѧйﻭüãɽˮҲĸȤйУɽˮڻһĻҴɽˮ
ǰڲ־ǰֵĴָʳָ໥ȡаƽϸѡ
һýһ˽ȥȴǲƹ˭
־ϲ̲סУƣƣС㵸
վһѾͷģŮӣһСϸвƹ֣ʱȵͽӺʲôȻ׷ˣ
ڣƹڴϣ½
ڴΣҼҹڼһͣûᶡСѾͷЦһ
Ĵоһ˻˵Сòסϴŵؽʹ̽еСˣҪˡ
ʿꣿӻĴ̽һݣǶղĲƹ
ڣ۾һ˿Ϊ˲Ļϲ
ˣңسƻ˻֣ȻڻĴһץýطϴȥ
һȻ͵Ц
ͷ죬к壬̸Цް׶ʿǼװһĶǫǫģͼɴķġ߱ͼ֮һǧĿȴβס
ƫƫǰԼͬһδǰ֣ȻɿϴĿг˻ϲǻϲ峺͸ȴһů
ˡôʧ񣬻๫أǸѾѿҪ´
ƵӴﴫ÷ҪΣλڹӿҵѣ
ŷ޷޲ƽĺ÷˴գȴһʮͷ忡ʿһСǰ
СϰһΧ壬Ѿˣչٽ׶Ρ
ѵǹŴ¥
к棬ͬԤĲͬ䴬պţҲûļҾߣһСţǽϹһɽˮһŹ١֪ģΪһ˵ķأ
Ƽ⹫ӡҪվʩǸʿȴͻȻסƵӣ˵ɵˣܲ
΢ŭĿ䵽ʿϡ
һдޣøӢĴ塣
һɫ޲ۣҲûйɻȴ͸һɳ֮ɽ֮ʿ㳬ס
ɴɫưڵĿԼһ˿ġ
ĿдűǸڲʹΪѣһЦƹﲻùңɡ
ߵϥ£ϸؿ֡
һʵѧϰԺְҵѡҲ¹ָ壬Ȼ쳣ѿ
Χ˼ȤҲ˲ףʦ˵ĽܴѾﵽҵεˮ׼
ôʱ䣬û˵ĶԾ֣Ҳ֪ŴΧĹִʲô죬ýͽĦ
Ƭ̣΢΢ͷִΧݺʮ·Ŵʮ·ĺûʲôͬƺ˵Ҳǲͬ¥Щҵǲ࣬Ҳ֪ʲôˮ׼ǻȥֻҲδǵĶ֡˵ƫսǲɰ
һѾµʱչ٣൱һʱҲֲʤ
˻һ񵭣ȴ΢üͷǼмκˮ
ͻȻ̾ϢһСŮӺҪˡ
ʿ΢΢һЦǡǡӮ˹ĿǸʮ޵ġ㡷ͼɾˡ
ЦЦҪǸ˵ǡȴһ˿ϧ
ʮ޾ǳӢڵһɽˮʦ黭ϵĳɾͶԣƲϰֻûĴӳˡ
ȴǿϧˣղٲûúãʤĿġ̲סָϣһλõ˵㣬˵˼壬ƹĹӻ򲻵
ǸʿͲͬʱ̧ͷڣͬʱͷһ˼ȻĬĬղǼµӼ̣ڵ·ȥ
ΣһֽƹȻӮĿ
ʿЩȣСЩ°̸һ֡
ˣˣһ¡æԲƵƹҪȥ¥磬ܴܲҽȥ
ȥμǸʲôѣôû˵һ֣ʤңĳȥǡ
ھɵؿһֽۣɻĿ䵽ϡ
΢Цŵͷ⹫ӣߣһֺˡ
һʶ֮˵ԼȥĴ󻰣Ӧòһͨ


046 ɱ
òƴԼȥҲǿԵġΪƹݣԼǿȥˣҲӡܷ֪ͬ˵ϻܷϴˢԼϵȴδ֪֮
ǰʲƺҲ֪ʲô˭Բƹ̬Ӧʿݵһ¡
ڵͷʿ˾͵ˡ
ʿЩȻƺģ̸һ£к֮У
΢Цĵ˿ִΧѪܵɱԡ
ʵϣŴΧ岻ʿ˵ķ£ұ٣ʤء
ڿ˰ΧŪñȽǣǿȥѧѧͼ֮ĶȫûбҪʤʤǸ㱾²ųڡ
ְҵΧʱһǣ浽ϰĽֹϵѾɱһԿҵľ
һʼĲ̵֣Ľɱչ٣һս
ڿ˵ΧˮƽȻҲʮ㣬һʯһҲͣЪĹֶκͼʯķҲֻܱԵò
ǼϵĴ
ҪӮʲôʲô¡
Χʵеƣһʼ˫ҪӹصĽǵλϡһڱЩҲòˡ
ֲڵǿҲͬһϳ̣ԣƶӰ첻
ִУڲ׶µú˳֣֮£ڵȴûʲôĵطǿĴֹѹ
תۣھЩмܲסϾҵΣȳﻮ֣۹⣬Ҫ˼ġ
ڵĿʵͨоЩͷˣЦһղŴףĳΪҲǸ֣ȴ˲˷ѹ
ҲҡͷɫоϧôڶǴȥ
̾Ϣһ⹫ӺҪˡʱ䣬ܱһЩ棬ˣͶӸǶȥˡ
ڻһָ̣һأٵ飬ֻ¸ϲϽҹˡ
һһһʶôļһôһôĻ쵰ǻ
ߣ򼫸ߣȻСһʶֻɫһɿӣֻЩһꡣ
ת֮䣬Էȴһϣ
һȥֻԼмͻأһöӡ
طҪλڱ߽ǺغмĽϲ˶ˣȴܡ
æӦһһ⣡תۣͱ˶ϵˡ
£˾ͬ
ǣ߲˼ȴ˳Եӡ
£䡣
뱻˳Եֻͬڿʼ̽ɱ
죬㱣ס˴ȴ˲ʵء
չˡ
⹫ӵϬôΣľȻŤתȻ൱ˡԱ߿̲סһ
ǰʱѧ壬ںܻ˲ٶԾַѣΪְֶҵ֣ܴҲ֪Լֹ۲ǿƽҲ˲ٲֵ
Ķ̰壬ٶ˵Ҳڶʱֲ
𲼾֣ϲս
ĹӣֻȰݡ
ȻԼֹ۲ɣֻڹֲˡֹϵһ˵֣ɽɱҪǿļΪһĿڵļǺܲģɱȴǿò󻰡
˵ƽ˱ѧϰÿ⣬ƴս
ĿַǳƯҲǿʵˮƽڸࡣȱûʤУˮɱȴЩ׾Ӧԡ
ƫƫڵɱ廹ɱɱɱɱͽ֡ɱʱ򣬾ǿһ˲
ɱĸ꣬ƽҲ˲ݲ
չٽ׶ΣֻòҲ̶ݡ
һĿǰ˻Ǹƽ֣ȴڲסٲģǽơ
浽󣬽δ֪֮
һҪСС
ͬɵ壬ͬһȴûаȤԡ
ӵˣǲý
뵽һŵĿʼӵʱҲʼԥ
ЦˣҪڼ𣿡
˵껰žһһӣˡ
һ䣬һֻȫˡ
һ£ӮʮĿνʤ
Ա߿ĿɿڴôõĿֲ϶Ĺת۾ͱ˷̣˿ס
ѿһʿµʲô壬ѿ˶ĿˣǫǫôɱԵ𣿡
ǫǫӣһϷѣŭӯҲ֪вһʡ
Ϧ£ӴͶ䵽ϡ
òڵһ˿Ϧһ񵭵΢Ц
ͻȻЦһͽȻһɱĳһȴͨòˬ죬ˡ
ղŻһŵĲһ΢Цظ


047 Ǹʲô
ͽЩͷԣѧ˼Ҳһ˽⡣
˼ʷУ½ѧɾͼߣԺӰ켫ѧ֪кһǿ֪ʶΪѧʥ˵Ļ;Ϊ֪ʶ¹ʵǵһҪһ۵ѧµʱȻѧѧ߷ҵĳͻ
ھݣڵΪСļ飬ܵӰùŴѧһЩĪĶȦȦûκ壬ȻѧƶĵһҪءˣЩҲûоҲŪ̫ס
ʲô磬ЩԺ
һЦǸյѧȻѧͽѧѧϲ߽ݾжҲɱڵģûҷ緶
Ը֪ص֣ڸǳԾ鶼֪ӦǸ֪صˣҲ֪ʲôݡ
ѵǳɶٳϵˣ
ھɣЦҡͷʣ㲻ҪȥμǸʲôҵȥˣȻ㣬ȻҪֳŵҲûȤζ֮˶һȺ壬˵Щ̸Ӧ׹ƨͨʫ䣬ȥʲô˼
ҲЩɻ󣺡֪ڹΪʲôҪȥμǸᣬѵĲҲûӵ
ڵŲƵҲܻ䣬ֱԼΪʲôҪȥ֪һ˵ˣ֪˶гɼŰݷãֻҡһڸԹϵڵǰ̣䲻ԸȴܲӰͷƤȥһ
ԭˣ뿪ûˣȷʵ鲻á
ʱͻȻʣڣƼʫеһʫһʾǲԵģǷ嵴ʣ
Ϊջ𣬵¾ͰͲסҲ֪ҥԴӺζǰٿĪˡ
ƣȴ⹫ӵġ
ͻȻЦζĿ⿴ڣ˵硣Ѩδ򡣱˵Ǹɵӣдôõʫ˻Щ
ڣ壬˵вͬı׼Ϳʲô׼
㵹򶨣ܽϽĳɱú䤱˻ɵ㡣
Цʵû֮ǰҲʫ׽밡סٽɡǶȥƹ֡ǰãƹ֡һ䣬Ǽ˶ͣѾ˵ˡ
ң˵˼УŮ֮ͬǴ೤ˮƣƷʱƲҡɺƳǳ֮ˣһǰΧˣûˡ
㺣Сﶮʲô˵֣ȴһŮܹдġƼСʫҼҲ죬ûĹСӣǱԩġ
ڴϲлΪұס
˵ֳ꣬Ƽ˼۾ƹСӶһ顣һ£޸ɵҲǲĹޡ
һ΢΢죺˵Цˡ
ҲΣ
֪ĳΪ˵ϣֻҵӾѹˡʿԷҲû˵ġСӣһʫһʣʿ֡ϧɵӵʵȴһ֮߰ˣ֮Ҳϣ
ڣôῴ֮
ߣ˭ţһȻʫͷôȥԺ飬ǲ֮ûµʦ
촽΢Ҫ˵һ֣ʾ
ڣ֮ѧʣǺģ֮ԲȥƼѧȴпԡ˵꣬ͽԼƼҵĹһһ˵ϸ
ԭͷȷʵƼҵĲǡ
ʱ򣬻Ѿִ¥
ϣ֪ۺͬʱˣˣˣдŻϲ
÷壺ڹӣˡ
ãǽȥָǰ˵ߣû˸㡣ͬƹ˵һ仰
ôȥЩɻҲ֪ʲô˵˾ܾ
Ȼɻ󣬿ɻ˴ǰȥ
˵Ҳ֣ЩۺǾûһ˸˳˽ȥ
ϣͬ˵Ȼ󡣿Ϊкӷ紵ȴú
ƹĲȥ𣿡
ˣղƾҪֻܱǸˡ
ţĳҲ˵ˡ꣬ǸõؾӡϧˣĳԺûԵ־׵ˡ

ڽᣬ˸λ£Ŀ¿ȥһҲʶҲ֪֪ûС
ʱڶ𣺡ˣԭǽڵܣδꡣ
ͷһۡ
㡣
֪˵ûɣôģ


048 ֮
ڿȻǲ˳֮ɴ֮ͥȴ㷢ֻ΢΢һ֣ԭֳȻûнӵ֪˵ҲûμᡣϧһλƫƫҪҽҲӡ
֪Աģڵ¸ΣҲֻܼ¡û÷֮ǰǵ͵һЩĺá
ǣ͵ȴᣬдżЦߣһĳģҲ̫Ŀ˰ɣڣ㻹ǳȥɡҾ˵ôˣԭôһСˣȥɣ
˵꣬һЦ
Ц˶תͷ
˶ǳɶԻǵĴ綼йٶƷƷԱ
ʱڳɶʿֿνȣѹϾ˾˵Ķӣԩ˶ֻϧǸӣг£Ϊ˶ⶡ
û뵽һ磬ͬǰ˵òһ˲գһŻĸʿƼʫϣһһʫУ֮˵ʫϵ裬ѱȸʤһ
֮ʲôˣǿĴ̳䣬Ƿȫ£Ҳһ
ʫһʫһʸڳɶﴫ
ڵĲʿ֮Ľ֮ȴûʡǡޱľ£׳ǡ仨˶΢˫ɡԼֻ˸ɽֹ
ɾʱһ𾪵ϢʫϵƷƼСʡ
ϢǴƼҴģ˵Ʒ׿ԣ˲ܲš
벻С˲Żھ̾ͬʱҲ̾һʻ嵽ţˡ
ںôҲǸˣǹٻӵܣȻڣϮƷʥ¹ߡ
𴦣ɶͷ̧ͷ
˾Ǹ˹İ࣬ɶ֮ܡ
˵ʿӾǴ˵еڣ˶һȡ
νҹȻ࣬ȴǳɶĴʿյƼʫᣬҪ߳һȼûϹͲ
ǣִ֪֣ѧ֮£д£ؽһ˽ֵĻʢ¡
ɾȴôһʿ֮ܣһźʺһûɨͷ
ڣǸĳ򣬺úƤȻ˼
ˣһͯôͽˣ
᲻͵ܽģ
ɣ˲棬д֮£
棬𣿡ЦϮ¶ܸɳʲô²
ǣǣ͵͵ġ˵˲Ҫ֪ﲻĵطΪʲôҪҲأ
֪ͬһǻڡ
һСͷ͵͵ĳЦ
Щ֮ȻУȴװûֻ۵ڱģǾ仰Ҳӡûʸҳȥɣ
һЦҪ˹ںȥ
ʱһӰ˽ͬ
Сѣų̵죬ĳһҵطţȥ֪ڵ֣һ΢ЦĿдβס͡
֮ԡڵͷһɴݡ
ԱߵȴŴͣһҾأѧۼɽȴкˮ
Ҳ׷վ񣺡ɽ֮ؽиͣ
һ̲סʣ֮
ԣĳ֮ôˣ񣿡Цĳ֮
ָڵ󱲵ҲţѧƲĳѧ𣿹Ҳգдǵʫ֮ˣĳҲ˼ƽ۽֮ѰɡСӣȤɢæߣ˵˵һ塣
˵꣬ſڵ֣һҾҲһۣԽ¥ȥˡ
Ŀɿڴؿ֮ıӰڰŻعĿУ֮ôһʿӦûǡ
ȴŴڱտڡĳһˡ
Ҳ⡣뵱֮ĸ׹ΪԺѧʿǵ׸ںǿĶӣ١ɾһˣȻĴ¡
ΪĶӣ֮и硣
ϸϸκʿͬʱǷѮ졣
ԱߣѾûǺղ˵һ䡰ߣһĳģҲ̫Ŀ˰ɣѽԼʦˣ֮۾ﲻɳӵԣ֮󻹲֪ҪʰԼ
һ뵽뵽Լ׷С㣬֮Լгɾֻͣ´Խҡ


049 ɽڲס
Уں߿·ʶģ˶ԶԶرܿڡ
С
֮ں͵ӣѵ
ѵʲô
ѵƼʫһʫһʲ˴ʡ֮һӣôƽ۽
е²ǴƼҴ벻װ
е⣬Ҳһ֮ͬһΧ壬ҪϴˢϵԩҲʲô¡
ͻȻһ£̲סЩ
ԼлԼ𱲷һú֮һ˾ˡҪͬƽ۽Ⱳҵá
ֿһߵһһۣۣͷ⣬̲ס΢Ц
Ц䵽Уһҧһڵܣ벻֮мӡ֮ǸӵˣƼлԼϮʫһ¹ϵСڣ֮ؿ㣬ƽϰˡ
һ˵úգҲֱףڳϮСʫʣ˽ᣬ˳ȥƼáΪƼҵӣ֮òȥȻڳϮһ¡
ⷬ䵽˵ĶҶǻȻ򣬿ڵĿһֱġ
һ̣ۣǷֱ˵硣ȻǰٿĪ硣еöˣһ֮Ҳֻƭһʱȴƭһۣû´ҥųİɡһЦжۼΪɣֻС
۵Цյڶߣڣʵ˵ɡҥԾҴȥġ˲£кη
ֶΣδЩҡҡͷҲвӣڴˣ
۵͵͵ŭڣúõϾסţĴʲôС÷ƾʲôҪһӣ
йڲҪСڣȴ㲻á
Ǻǡڵ͵͵Цڶ𣬡ݲΡڵܣ㻹ǺԼǰ̰ɣϾǸԡ֪ǸֱӣĶмӣһƸǹ˵ˣҲֻеԺ˵ϧǵӣ˾͵ٵꡣƷ׿ŵֻҪ۵˾˹ͽСҡһŹҲûеͯʲôү
ڲмһЦ֪˻гɼֻ֮Ϊ飬ҪϴˢϵҲѡ
õףһʫһʾǺ˭Ҳֲֻ֮ͷҲûйӲ֤֤һ㡣ɽʿ緶ǵЩС£ֵ֪ǰ𡣽ڵܰڵܣ档û֪֮˵ϱ֪Ѿ˳ɼ˿Ҳδ¼ȡ㡣ɽ˺ʿֱܾ֪ܲ˷ذɣһ˴˶ûӡ
Ŷ̾һһ仰㾡̫һ仰ɽڲסϾȥ
һ㣺ʲô˼
ڣһʫһʣϷ֮Ҳûʲô˵ģ㲻ĺˡ˵ʫ䣬ھ־Уηҥ
һ䣬˿ܣͻȻһݣϾҪϯˣżȻʫƳ͡˲Żڣд׺ʫǰĹ񲻰׷ѡ
УⳡԭΪֹ֮ãҲĬרǰ¾СӲʶȤ˻ԼȴǴ󲻺á
òܣڵʫǵһƼԺһʫһд䣬Ҳѹһͷ
ɣҵûлͷ
㲻ʫ˵ҾоҲʹ
⣬һЦվسȥ
ɫҴҵӣ֪Сӿ϶ʲô⣬ȴϡ
ͨʱʵĿޣѾ˲ʫδʣ˴ɢġΪʧʱһٷѹ֮£ԼеǱ˳ǰ߿ʱǼ״̬á
ᣬǸʫʣǶԶ䣬о۶Ķͷʡ
ھԵʵǰκıƶעûг
Դˣǿҵš
Ƭ̣۾һʿӳ
վǻ֪ʿ֪Ĵӵ͢£Ϊרġ
͢·ͬӦ꼸䣬Ҹԭλ˵ȥֳ֪֮Ҽ档
һ󼤶ֻһƫƧĽ䣬ҲûǡҹĻѾ٣ƹУݵӰͦñֱ˹㲡
ֻۿĿдһ˿⡣
΢΢һ
ֹһӣɶ֪֮Ҳˡ


050 ˵С
֪֮ͬӦ˼䣬Էֱ¡
һϯڵķˮһ
˵˼ȴ棬ǰ̸¥еնʱ
֪ûŹٷֻһʿۣ硣ʵϣ֪Ȼǽʿ˵ѧȴǼãֻ˵ʹȻһֱûܽʿڡΪôһԲ֪ϲЯ󱲣ʿ
֮Ϊ游ţҲûй
˵Щϧζ̸Ц
Ϊ˱װ֪˵Ҳ⣬֮ҲһŴ֮ˡƹѲ˶бŽϯϣʱƴЦʱХһʿ緶
Ա߿ȤĿУʿ͹ƾٳһĵȴɡ̻¶ֽ·׽ʭӣ֪ĻΪǴԽʱ֮ˮ䡣
ٿܱߵӣҲӦ
ûиߵ֣֮˸о
ֻϧ£ʱһһţȴЩż
ۺ͢¿ӣһֹ첻˵ۻȺﴩʱʱڱʿӶߵ˵Ҳ֪ڸʲô
쳹׺ȥͻȻţëϸ׷УĹâԽ
ʿӰͲסվ֪֮һҾҵȵ֪֮¥ʫ֮ᡣλҸſ֮ͣоʫȴǺ¡
֪Ѿȵ÷ɢңκˣһЦҲãҵżʫʣƷзͬ˵أҪҳĿ
Ȼ˺ܶƣȴЩî˾Ҫ֮ǰ԰ڣҲգͲɨǵˡ
У͢Ҳһֱǰ˵Ҫеǣýͬҽʶ
֮һЦͷִԣ֮͸ҳĿҹΪ⣬Իԣˡ
֪ãģҹΪ⣬˭Ŀ䵽ԼҴӵ͢ϡ
ĵ͢⼸ڹϼҿ˵ѧϳ󣬸в֮ÿ
Ҫʼʫһڽ˾񣬰˼ܴܲʫһʵġ
ɾʱȴͻȻ͢º໥һɫ
вһݡ
Ȼ͢ǰ֮һ֣˵֮Ľ֮ѧԨԴѹʵѧʿһڣҵȺǰЩĿʫʡһ飬Ӧʡ
֮һ㣺ֶ˵
͢µڣҵȺǲҰŪģҪʫһף¥ǽϣҲóΪҳɶһһϲЯ󱲣ҵȾʫ⣬һƪΪĴһϣһʡ
Դ֪۾һ͵شϯվָЦãʵǺáʫʣȻҪ֮ҲҪƴǣЯҲɽ
ãҲһ󸽺֮ͣĪƴǣҵʧ
׷ǰҾ룬֮׹ܼʫô˼
ϷˣڵЩȡ
ԭİ治һüͷΪҹôʫģȴͲô¡ղ͢»Ӧ۳Ĺӣʫ϶˱˵ķɡ
Ҳֻ۲ʫϵ裬Ūôƣҵǿ
ʵ̫飬֮ҲѣЦЦ΢΢ףҲգϷ׳ˡ
Ʊһպīߵ¥ķ۱ǰͷ˼Ƭ̣ʡһֱŵ飬վོЪ⹳ƼĹͷÿͽΩƣҥʹһ¥
ãǼ֮ƫƫ˾̾Ҳֻ̾
ʫд˹ʵȴ֮һǻʱ˲ã˶ԾȻ˲ип
øƼĹͷҶѽ֪Ҳǳ̾ϢԼ׵ͷ
֮дãԱҲǿ۾һ̲סȲʣʫһ㣬ȻҲ㲻ɱʫʫ˵ǲࡣ
а롣
ʱ֮ߣдֲаַɴ꣬սĺ·̱ȥסĪǴ󡣡
дգ۾ﾹỨ
һ̣ЦЦĳʧ̬ˡ
ãƶҪĺˡ
ţ׵Ҳͦá氵ԵͷʫԣͬʱпǰС͸ʿΪʫдҹ羹ȻŪǸСС⡣ҵú룬һƪá
￪ʼɿת
޺ΣŰ
֪һۣˣλʫ򰡣


051 
֮ʫúܺãܹΪôһʿʫˣȻȻΪĴִ̳֮ţߣһ
Թᣬ˭д˭дпҲҪȨԼǷܵ
Ȼһӧɵô˵д֣ⲻҪޣҹͷܱץס©ʱ򣬷ΪЦǾͲˡ
ˣȻд󶯣Ϊûоţǰ˴кеʼǫ
ţĲǼõģҪԣ
Сžޣǿ秵֣֮ʫ䣿
Ҫİ˹ʱҸһġ
Ǹճ̵ľѾ٣æ֣˹¿ʥ֮Ե£ʫʸ踳ȴóͲ׳ˡ

˵Ļ̲֮ס˰ͷԱߵ֪Ҳɻ
Щ֪ģƽԻȥʫƹֶйһĸ˭Ҳ˭ִͷ飬Ҳȡ
ƫƫ˺תӣһǫòȻ
ǵϡ

ֹСһС˵Ŀⶼ䵽֪Ĵӵ͢ϡ
ѵۿһװģߵ͢ǰһҾǹݵһӣʫСҲƪмǲ黹ıʣСܸʰ·磬Ҳֲֻ֮ǧž䡣Си֮룬ֲ߱īҵȿ۽硣
ǰǰҲֹֻӵ֮ʫ䡣
˶ͬʱ͢¹֣롣
͢лϲ֪˶ĬҪԼͷʡۿһۣ⣺Ϊ˻Ǹµġ½Ů˾ˡʿô󸻹󣬵Яһ
ۿ͢Ŀ⣬Ҳǻϲ̲סֳڿһۣЦ㲻ʫ˫ҾͲʫĻᣬôƪʱİ˹ȷʵдòĻӦ£Ӧĸ¡ǰûѧдֶǿдôʤ͢£ڰڣҳһŻ֮ˣ֮ţҲΪޡɽƫƫҪ顣ԣͱˡԹԹϾС㡣
۵ĵ⾢ͻȻһЦЩͬ
˵ʵҲһв֮ˣδûдǰ̡ƷʵڲٳֻҲкõĽС˵ıֶιȻܵһʱܹ鲻
ҲգС¶һ֣֤ס
˿죬͢ЩƮƮȻ
ҡͷ˵ʫ͢һСӺεºܸΪ򡣡
һ롣
͢ƴǣȴѾߵ̨ǰĥīһĥīһ˼дһƪô²ܽɶʿӸס
֪֮͢¿ʼĥī໥һۡ
֪룬һοЦݣҲǸв֮ˣֻ֪дǷķۡ
ֻ֮΢Ц
͢»Ȼĥīֻī֭ĥãٿһΣŲԸĴӦ
Ҳǲֻ֮Ƭ̣һƪֵ¾Ѵø壬ԼҲǷǳ⡣Ȼ̸һɶԼԣǳˮƽӡ
ֹӽ״̬õó棬оûôù
⣬ȴ̾Ϣһ֮͢˵Ǹɽֹʲôиǰ׳󣬻ǲˡ
˵껰͢·īװǰӣȥץϵëʡ
ɾʱͻȻ䣬˴ǰһѽ˹ȥЦһƪʫѣȻǶҪԡ
ͻȻһĻ˶ôסˣͬʱȥ˭
ֻһһƺ¹Щɢңȴɢһַ۾ˡ
͢ץ˸գεضڿС־ŭ΢΢
Ŷ˭Һû㡣֪ûʶʲôԣżַκûʲô˵ġ
˵Ĵʿƽռһһ䶼Ӯ˴˲ǶӦеĽڲ١ǰΪ͢ĴӵܣΨΨŵŵвϲ
ûԱţԱߵ۾ʹһڣҪʲô
иоһ˿ѵ˵ҲдüãҪ·ɱͷʣ
ǰȥ֪һҾ֪ϴ˽ڽ֮ҹ磬ʫƳϣʢ¡Ȼ˵ʢ¾Ȼ޳Уóɶںεأϴ֮棬ܲ
֪ЩͿʲô˭
ۣ˾ڡ
ԭĳ򰡣ͬͣУϴˣ˵Ȼҵͬϯ֮Ϊ顣
ͻȻɧԱߵǴ󾪣ͬʱȡ
֪Ҳɫһ䣺ԭƷаܻСˣôģȥ
æ֮ס֪ӣЦˣ˵Ϯ˭֤ݣ˺ɱǾ֮硣
֪֮ĻҲЩ˵ҲǴţڣкλ˵ڡôӣ
͵һվø֮ͽ÷
ԭѾߵ۱֮ǰдˡ
һдһ߻ͷ֮Ц֮ƪʫһֻֻ֪֮ڵʫ򣬷ûܼǵԭʫ
ø˹İ֮࣬
˿ĴĿеżɣǶĴʿֵ衣һӿϣҪڴ򽫳ȥ
ɾʱ֮ȴһݲߵ󣬾УдģдġСӣĳǰ˿ȻЩʸ񡣡
˶סˡ
ȴһǰûĲһдȥī񣬱ߣͬһǽצĿݣԾΪýΪԱѪݺ
һھƣһ֣ſһ£һʢơ
ؼ䶼ڵĳХЦ
ߣ֮ãߣٴ֮͡ΡΪΣ˱ҹΡҲ̾¡֮԰֮¡Ⱥ㣬Ϊ
һƪĵƬѾ᲻ϵĲڶˣȴһ˿ζվ
ΪƬơ
Ǿ鷨ǳףȴŨ黳֣һش£޷
ʵϵĲ࣬һȺ˺һ̳ʦĲࡣ


052 ˭˵ҳϮ˭
ԼĴᣬ²ǧٴĴҴҹ͡Ʈͬλһ㣬黶мʱأ
ôһ΢ҹֵ죬Լ㣬һôõӰ
λеֵܹС¥һ¡

ûƳʫ׵ɢġҹӵһ԰򡷡
ƪ鱼ŵŨҶɢĿд˸ĵģκһִѧܵ
һŴɢģ뵽ľΰ˴ҡĿУʫɣʫʼʵ׵Ϊ̺ʫ˵ʣ貾֮ȴ߱ġ
ϸ˵Ӧɢʫ
ҲΪɢĵԲݺӣԪڱ׫Ĺֹʱһƪº͡뺫顷һ¼ȥΪйŵѧߴԵƪĿ
ĳִʫݵ߷¹⣬ֽ
νĴ󣬿֮˸εš
ʱǼξʮ꣬챦һξҲĻʢʱڣһ˼ҡѧ緱ǲ񷡣
ֻԡ塷ˮ䰡ΪĻʫơ߸뽣ٷĻ
ûи֣֮ʫƮݿˬ󿪴ϣˮȴеġ
вˬ
ⲻʫģⲻľ
Ʒ糤ӣһڳڹŵѧ֮Уڵ֣ڵıʣڵҵλá
дƪȻЪ˰תͷؿһۣͻȻʯ쾪һȣ˭˵ҳϮ˭ң
д֣Х£˭ԸҳϮ
˻ңң̩Ȼ
𣬲Ͻ
ѾǼˡ
һֱǶѹɫҰף촽⶯ȴ֪˵Щʲô
ܹдµˣȷʵʸ
һгˮϮ
Աߵ͢£Ѿ뿪һī֭һ÷ס֮ΪԼһôд˼ұҲֻһЦ
㻻Ժѧʿ˭дù
һڽһھƺȸɣˤڵأ
ëʼ죬һǳɣ
ӽ裬ѿ֡δѣ̸ת塣¡мӽŻʫɣȾƶ
ˣһƪʫȻ
һȾƶˬ죬ˬ죡Աߣ֮Цơ
Ҳ˵ˣȻһӣ֮˲ȴܲƱɾֳһתߡ
ȻϴƼʫݵ꣬ȥʧС
һϮ£һǻ⣬ư׺ף
û˵ǰһĳڴʿǶĬĬصͷ
μⳡĶĴһĲʿηֱ治ƪµĺû
ɵ£Ѳúݡ˶дֻҪʮ꺮㹻ڷܣϸĵ֮ȴǿŬ飬˵ѧдġ
֣ү
𵱳Ƽʫһʫһʣ֮ţθ˹
żĴͳһƪʫĳҶƷһͣ໥ܹҪ˵ϼġ
ڵѾ޷Ʒ
Ҳû˾Լʸ˵ġ
նʱ
ã֮̾ϢһԶһХʿ꣬ȵĳǴӦҪ̸һֵġ
˵꣬ʹ󲽸ȥ
ʦһ
֮ػͷһۣȵµ̹̹ۣʧһ˲䣬ͻȻ׹ڳϮҥԿ϶ǴΪҹʱ͢ģΪ˲ݡ
֮ôôһС

Ѿǰҹˣҹ䣬øϻЪϢ
һԼѾһˣѶһ˶ڿջҲ֪Сᵣĳʲôӡ
¥ؿջҪɶǣ˼ֱߵýſǰһҵ̻ŵƻ洫ɫйѺѺϡӮˡ
ԭȴһҶĳ
˵Ҳ֣ĳſڻһŽŷ򣬼߹һվҪȥ
Ȼŷ磬ȴøɾһζȻϴġ
ĽŷڹŴɲ
ɻΪǶĳ͵Ļƣɿֲ񣺡ôˣҲǮ
ԭǻؼҰ㣿üЦ
ǻؼңʲô𣿡ߵˣ˵глϲ˵ͷ
գ𣡡ǽŷϲǰһѽڱ𣬱ϣͳǰߣȥ
ԭԭǱˡڴ󺧣ѹһϴôɾһҲû˿
ҹģҲҲţͽӣֻǽŷԼ˿ջ
Ȼ˿ջӻû˯һ˫Ѿͨ졣æϴˮ̣вסԹӳȥһ죬ôʱŻһΪַ߶ˣӡټһɶȥѰ㡣ôơ
˵Ż۲Ứ߳
ڳسһˣŪˡ


053 ƻ
ʲôŪˣк棬ʡ
ûʲôһС¡ǰͬ˵Ҫȥòμӱڸ𣿡ԶӣҲûʲôģԼȥ֪ͬţȻϳϮһ˵˵Ļ
Ϊ췢ʵֲ̫࣬żھؼĲִԵ˵һ顣
϶ƼݹӵģǾǲϽƼС㣬Ѫˣ뻵үǰ̣˵ǿɶ֮ŭߵ˵ʵôΣվüġ˵вŻģͺһ׶ӷڿڴһġ
ʲôһЦ̲סĸ첲Ҳഩ㣿
Ҳܣ˵أ
úúã˵£ʲôӱ
ҹʲôæôһ죬ҲûҵˣͻȻЩǳϾǿˣҲûϡ
õģȥ֪ţҪ˼ҾͻͰͶذҵȥڿ϶˵
ϵƪʫһҲһھͻɶ
ʫ׵¿ɲǸǵģ˦ʱĶ֡
дֵˣҪ
ڽɶʧ෴
ڲУ۴˻ϾҲ߿˭˭ѽ
ʱ˳֪Ϊ˵ЦҲȥ
𣿡ӻǲһ㣬ΪڰοԼҲһ硣мſԣȥҵҲü
룬ɫӣǴһʱͿһʱ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򷸲Ժɲ׿ҵܣȥҶҪš
ڴͷۣɲôһСյƨ棺ѲҽҲҪȥ
ǡӵͷƾٹϵӵǰ̣Ƿҵڴһ٣ȻҪȥʱڿš
ǡǣƸҪ졣
ӵĪ˵죬һ꣬Ҳš
㣬ˣȡһذɡε̯֡
һ쿼̫꣬ˣЦͻȻ˵ˣ½صСԺһȣøϻȥʩʡ⼸죬һֱأУԺЩⶹʱ߲ܳˣûǮȥ򡣡
˵òãСЩӡ
СѾͷƽ￴׵úܣеʱȴԵ÷ǳɰ
һЦֻǳԲˡ
һôˣ
ڣǸԣ֮Ҳ½ˣ׼һԸˣŪŹ˵˵Ծ¡
νԣԺԣͯԵһءҲûй̶Ŀڣɲʹ˾ѧٵѲ֡
һʡݸΪ٣ͨǲ㣬ѧҲôˡˣһȦҪ¡
һ˵ʡݸ¿ƫԶҪӳٵ¡
ɽһĴ֮ڣпԶҪΪⳡ·Ϊ½ܹμԣͽǰһ¡
֮ԺԣȻԡ֮Ҫ׼μӽʿƣһæĿԼҲЩпһʱ䣬һ·ȥֱþ˹ȻǽʿֱɻһĶ֮УڻǶһݰ
ԭǰҪǾڳɶסһºˡӵͷЩǳЩô죿
ƵӣһͻȻǣס֣Ц㲻õģţأӦûտ԰ӵġ㰡Ժҵ˹˹٣ʲôûУõֲ𣿲вסӣҷ⹫סǸŴլһҪѻ԰ӿٳɲ˵ء
һŮӱǣ֣ԼҹӣҲһߡɶȴûʲôоֻðɣҲֻˣţ᲻ܵġ˵㻹ǿЩ˯ɡ
ˣ¿ܻпá΢΢Щʧ
ҹôܣӴѣڳɶвʶˡ
ǺǣŰɣһǿҵԤСЦЦӣæˣ̰ڳҪΡ
ƾٿɲΧ壬ү˵ɥ־
㡭õġ
ԴǼȤ࣬ص֮ҲһйϺһΧ塣ڹ٣СطûУ۸Ҳ棬һֱû򵽡
Ӱϣ˼⡣
ջԺſлƽеڵģʲôˣȥȥ
ʲô壬ߣ֡
һЦԶӵ˵ˣȥӭһ¡
˵꣬žһеϡ
͵Ƶĵžһһǡ


054 ԣõģܹ
ʱĳɶ۶Ǹ¥ãؼһؼ۱ˣͨҲǶŶԺˣסջռغܴ󣬺üԺӣʱſڵȻѾˡ
סڵסĿ飬ҪӲŽ룬ҲһСš
ںͶ߳ͷͿСſ˫סһ֪֮
֪űװСҲ֪ݣǽ
֪֮ݵˣȻͬƽϡ
ȴǺӡ
ǺҲһ׳䣬ӦˣһԴϹŵӺ߿Կȥ
ǺΪվ֪ӰСһʱҲûʶ
СϷ֪ǽȥӴŭǰһǶ⣬ֻ˵һ
СһǶ⣬̧ͷȥһͷ㣬ô˼ҡ
ͷһȥҼүҪһλĹӡ
ϡүСǾæӵһߡ
ЩˣǰһҾ½ͯڣϴˣ֮
𡣡֪ǰһѷڣ΢ЦǰЩӣټƼʫʱʫһʣֶֻģѼһޱľ£дڸ档ΪҸֳ֮һšֻϧҥ˵һʫһƼСٲΪʧҲΪģʾƸԾ¼ȡҹ֮ϣƪøϮҥȻơǱˣ벻Ҫϡ
Щ˼𡣡
һҲԻϲӣһƸӦûˣȻ֪˶Թˡ
֮һЦҹ䣬ѵ㻹ҵվԺ˵ɣ纮
æ֪ˡ֮
˹Цţȥ
ָ֮ڣڣĳ·֪ͬ˵ո֪˲Ҫ̸ͬһ֣ɲ顣
ʵ֪һ¦ӣտʼֵʱģʱЩļһļʵ̫ˡ
ͬȣȻ̫ݣٲ̫ѿ
ԣڹ˼֪ĳ濴Щ
֪˼󲢲ϣһ壬һ̸Щѧʵ˼
ʱִ̿๥Ҳ˲ٺѧҵ£ժ¼䣬Թ˵Ѽ
ǺǣЩ˼롣ţƲϸһ룬ȴҲʥ˱˼ʱգپδزһҡ֪佱Цѧʣҳвٲѧ塣ǰϡʫʣȴûܱȵ㣬ٵԸܶдЩʫôʡ
ʫʲСҪһҵҪƾһءڽ˵Լʱ˲ãֻпƾ·ߡ
⻰ڸ׵Ĳ״֪ЩȻ㸸ҲΪΪŲⲻ⣬ƾһҲ̫ġ£ˮ֮¡˴θԣܹ֡
֪ŵһȥлࡣ
֪ҲлǱ¶ѡڰ̸ֻ֣£Ͳ˵ˡߣ֮ãߣٴ֮͡ΡΪΣССͣôп
ڣ˼ˣһ˼ǣνΣΪΣùҹ˵̣ȴҲкܶ໶ֺĶֵϧ
֮ЦŲ죺һƪ£־Σÿͨƪϡ
֪ʡ򣺡ҵˣһƪ£ϣΣ־ıʡͨƪ飬ɥʧˣ
Űǰڣ֪ипᣬȴ˳ɫʶ˵вŻһ
ѵһ˵
һ壬˵˼仰֪ͻȻһ£յҹҲ֣ƽռĻᣬʿһȣô໥ǫ˿ס
֮Цд˴ӵڣ˭˸ΣңϾǸˡ
˵ǡǡ֪ˣǣλΪڣй͹ˡ
֮͹˸һأ˭ûмˣ
֪ڶˡ
ͷǸ˼ңûǸȥ顣ܶʱҪһˣ֮
Ȼ˵ƾһ޷ָߵ͹ֻҪвŻгͷصĻᡣ
ɶ顢ƾʵ̫Ǯ˽ʦȥزμӿԡĻᣬѧ£ϿٶҲڡ
ԣʱĶˣ塣
ɶ֮У˭û˰ͰͶָ֪˸ַ̧ǹ鸮أ
Ⱥ˹İ֪࣡һϣҴӵ͢ҲǸ֮ˣɶҲмֲģΪ˸󣬾Ȼ½ס
к棬ӣ֪Ǹӵ̫ܺð


055 
¹֪ļ£Ҳöʡ
֮һ˾ӣûκȤҲһ֮ˡ
һʱ䣬˶͡
֪Ϻߵһ壬һ߿ЦŽԼ渵
ԭ֪Ǽе֧Ҳһвſ㡣ãо֮һֱԺǹءԺԣ͵˽ʿͽ˺ԺҲȻûʲôõǰ̡
ԣɶ֪֮һҧԾ˸ƷةְֵûԵ˽ָʹ½Я֪һְ
꣬ǿƾ٣ȥ٣嶼ǻѪġ
ȵ֪Ʒ٣ҲʱЧҡ
ǡã½иŮδ󣬱ҾͶ˼Ȩֱϵӵ͢Ȣ½ҵŮ֪Ϊ˵
½ȻǵһȨ󣬿Ҵ壬׹ݶһĵǱֻͨ˼ҽסǻʵ۵ҲֻܴƷµĹԱѡȡΪľǷֹԱ໥ͨ飬һӴ塣
ԣ½ָʹŮҪˣҲܼ޸дԱӵܡ˼ҺôҲǺ˵һţܹ鲻̫Լˣѡһ׵ĶΪŮѡ
ϧ˱ûУйӿƳȡͬȨף߽ݾǻᱻ˿ġ
ɼ֪ȴò
Ȼ½ҵݱϾǰģҲûֱӴӦֻ˵ȼ档
Ϊⳡʮֿأ͢;μ˲ĻᣬԲ½ָʹŷ˽ҹһ
óһҲû뵽͢ôͷȻǽָʹ½׼Ů
κζʷһ˽˶ǿǻʵȨ󵽶ˡ
½ˣǰǼξʵ۵ķСС浽ѣռξһٳδ˥ǰĵĴ󸻺ɽԡ
͢¾Ȼ컯Ľ
һ£֪;ƣؽһöϣԹԵ̾Ϣ˵Ǵӵ͢ҲһŻ֮ˣڹݣһ˹׾ȡˡƫƫҪȥӦԣֻǰֹۡΪЩȴҪԸʶ䡣
ʲôطǿǲԻ֮أҪǵطˣڵ졣
֮ЦЦ˵ڼ֪鲻ãοֹ½Ůһ׮¡½ǵһƷһ֮£֮ϣԸıҲǴкôġ
ûκκôҪ˳Ц֪ЦҼҴӵܺôҲǸˣ˾ˣнʿ˹λ˻˵ʲôǿУ½ҿ϶ҪΪıʹ˳ȥҪЦΪȨƣ˵ڶҪˣ
˵֪ؽӷһߣ̾ϢҲܲӡ˵ãˡ
æǫˣҲʤ
֪һһŽӼϻУ૵ҴӵŪĻ᲻Բ½֮ģɶҲһǧϧĳƽʵȴˮ΢½Ҳùⲻ͢²˼ֻ²ʲô¡
½Ӳ̫ùɻһȨڻʵĿλֻ۸˵ģô鷳
֪Ŷ֮ΪϺѧʿƽһҲüֵ֮ͱˡ
֪游͸ף֮ҡͷȦ΢죺͢д£Ϊƽд󳼺ֱ֮ʿҲĿȻ·ռ󣬿֮˵İΣʲôأ
֪һĿࣺһʣ̿աû٣֪ԣ»ãֻ϶ʹá
֮ͻȻɫһɫִˣȻǽʿҲǶһʥģһ䣬֪֡λʮ꣬䴺ﶦʢɴһλǹ֮֮һ飬۴¡´󣬹ţ˰Σʲô
ȻúͿʱͻȻ׹ʱѾξʷ죬ͻȻһ£̲סʣ۵ĿǶǾ֮£
˵ڳһ£ǧͷأܹͨĵģ
ν˵Ǽξľ¡ξ޵Ů֮²ģòܹ࣬Ҳĸӡͬ峯ʵۿļʮӣϰٸӱ㲻ʲô
ֵǣһξ˵ɫȴһµЩˡ
˾ͨգ߰˸Ҳ¡
˵ĸҲûʲôɹ˵̣Ҳߡ꣬ξӱΪ̫û֮ͲˡΪ˵Ҳ֣̫û죬ֲˡ
ǣеķʿǾŪһʲôҥԳ˵ʵ̫ǱһˡǶѹ磬ѹ硣˾ǲܼ档
ԣξʵ۾ǴǸʱʼٲͬǼ棬Ҳ
֮λξʵѸߣԹ˵ֻ²ʲô¡ҲúܶĴУԻӾΪġ
֮¡ܹ֮һ仰ƶϳۣڻǸ
֪֮ͬʱתͷȥ͵Ŀ⿴òڵꡣ


056 
֮Цڣʿ֪꣬£
Ȼ˵Լʱʷֻش˵ԼǰϾʱеۡԳ֪֮Ϥ
֪ͷ˸⣺ֶۡһҲʲôãܼ΢֪ǲ˼ݰ
̾ϢһɫЩض֮֮һﾪˣΪǽʿƽЩԲλֻ࣬ҵҵ֮£ԳȴôġһԣǲҲǶһʥ֮Եʿӡһ¹ϵ²ܻرܣ֮ҪʲôܵҲ
֮ȴûǰǰŴ̬֮һɫξ꣬ΪûǼͳһ´˷ˣǣжۡΪ˳ߣԾ֮ΪŮ߲Ըĸ֮ɾΪţʮʲôӣҲǿ˵ġ
С˵Ըλڼ֮֡ϣպġȴ֮֮ӹҲôá
Ϊʹ˾ӲţĻҡ
¸꣬һһͿʣȻ˱˼
֮λֽһҡ½Ϊڱǰ̫һ£ŷ֮ŭһ֮ΪȸڣΪ²
һ½ʷҲ˽⣬ǻͷ̫ӣջʵ۵Ҳġ
ôˡ
ʵҲ⡣
ʵʷ½ͻȥһ֪Լ岻ˣδ¡ʵۣдţΪı
ѾҪˣҲ²ôࡣ
˵½Ǵ
˵úã֪һӣȻ˵͸ˣҲΪ֮ȡ龡д꣬ҵĳͬţΪԣ̫λơ֪λҪˣҲ˲ˡ
лִˡ֮վ֪һҾ
ֶڵʿ߲ţұԺġ֮ŲѷҡĳҲƤҵƽ۽һ˵ѧϡ˵ʿҵ䣬ĳУ壬ɾɫ
֪һѷ֮ЦŶ˵飬顣
þĶǣԽ֮Ҳ򵥣֪ȾʿȻ٣øٻȴǣĳ֮͢Уǰ֪֮ȴŪ꣬УֻǻǸ
֪֮ݣ˵Ļܾ
ξʵѸߣϾǼξʮˡʵʷϵļأʵۻ಻˵֮һдⱾ飬Ϊδ¡ʵۣԣ̫λһСͶʴرķͶô׬⡣
ɱˣξûԸ񣬶Ȼǲ̣ҪһССͯһ򵥡
ʵϣڴ֮ǰҲвĹҪʵԣΪ̫ӡ
ȴ˼ξĴɣӻûǾΪްź£Ǻξģ̫ӣǲɽǺξģ
ǣЩۻʵȻһŲԱһһ˾
֮ŭûĹǣǸһһһһۣŪüξʵۺܲʹ졣
ֱһ³ĹתĿ꣬׼˾
Ϊ̫ӣΪӵľȻ˼Ҫ
ķƶȣǳ֮󣬶뵽ͷگûؾǡ
ȻҲ뿪ǡ
ԣΪڶĴȻûţȴһֱھôһڣˣҲȥطµľ뿪֮أ͢д䣬Ϣطƻ˶ˡ
Ҳ֪ʹʲôֶΣȻüξʵĬ
Ĺټš
ĹǱΪ̫λһ±Ūżϻʱַ죬׷Ҫ뿪ʦԽԽá
㾰ھʲôѲɻ촢֮λ
͢ƣò͡
ߣ˵¡ߣǶҲ
ǧ֮˭󱦣йأȻҵ˾ʲôʱֵһ˼ˣ
ǣĹǻȫŭ׼뾰
ϧĹͬξʵ۶˼ʮ꣬ûƢԡһԸǿǿ淴ľ
޹ΪӣԿǬٶϣ飬ƫƫҪ


057 츮
Ӻ˵ʷ֮ξʵ۱ϿһľλڼҲûκֵһγɾ͡
λʮ꣬նڻʹ޵ĹʳƵǣΪռŮľѪŪŭԹʹĹŮַĥȺ֮ͼ´̬ʵ¡
ҲһͲǸɺ˴ѧĶصʷףźȻ֣ξʵ۲һϸľҲһ˲μҡ
μҲ˽£ԸƷһʷʣҲΨܶҪ֤ؿ
ξǻʱĹӴ󣬾Ȩãһ䵽κһʵϣͱŪˡɼξƫƫΪܣô°嵹һ͢ԱȨεץϡ
λʮȻɳ͢ɾδҡһ˲ӹһ˲
ҲǴӼξʼȨһι̣ͨķپ棬ʱѿչ
һ˵Ϊ֣һȨ̣ͻ֮ʱȨұһȺʿգȱƺ⣬ˡ
ԭ˵ܼ򵥣ʿ͹żŵʵ̫ûһܹ֮ƽˡ
ΪƽʿҪԲԣξʵ۵λʵܹڵ̫ͳ֮
ôһǿƫĹ˵Ҫþ뿪ǡûɾҪþͷҲʲôʱֵ˵ˡ
ǣξʵԶԴǵֵ֮÷ˣɽ
Ѿֲٴ󳼱չٶְ
Ĺǲη壬ǰ̵þһ˵¡
Ϊϵϵδȶһ粨
֮֮Ҫд飬طΪԣ̫λƣⷢӣξһ·ܲܽΪ͢͡
޷Ϊƽһԣǻ֮Ĺͣδûת
֪˼Ҳסǰ˵½Ϊԣ˵ܵʵѵ⡣Ȼ½һϵԣ뷨֪ȻҪվܲܲһ֮
ϧǻûξʵ۵˼͸
Լξӣһϻ۷
ֻδ֮ôá
֮ڰæ顣֪棬ֲѡ
֮Ҫȥ¹Тʹ壬˵ǡ
ֻε֮ѧǳֻѵ˴Ρң֮ԣǡ
֪ȻЩ䣬˵һ£ȻͷǰҪЩǿˡ
֮ҲһЦ΢΢ףЩźˡ
ôҹҲ͵͵һ
֮ͬһ塣
ΪղŵĻѾ˵ú˵˼Ҳû档
һˣ֪֮ŸǶȥߵʱ֪ڵڶȥɶ񷿰ֱϣ䣬˵͸ýˣҪ׼
ȶȥӲŴһӣÿ֪֮ˣ
ǡ
Ӻ֪á涼ǻϲ
΢΢Щ⣺׶ӷڿڴҪӱ
ЦȻ˿عӣôҵĻӦûˡ
ڣܱܲ£Ҫ׼أ
ǣҪΪӵӽ˹ƼҲͰͶý˹ס
ˣչƻгɶĶãҪ׼Σ㵽ʱ򶼵ˡ
ס
ڶգȥ֪Žˣһ˳ֻȽ
ȴ֪ŻͿջԺ˺öˣڣͬʱҾԱţ˵ʿĽݼ
һԼֱţסҼҹӻ׼أǾͱ߶ˡ
ȻҪʿ˻죬ͲܲμӦꡣ
Ϊڽҹϵĳɫ֣ѾΪɶһſôȻҪμӲĻᡣ
տʼʱڻҪϰΡʵв棬룺أпַ֣ӹأֺα̫ΪԼѾƷɳԣɽˮֶΪ
£ҲˣͱһȺǴӵųš
μ˼Ļᣬֽϳɶ˸飬պȵԴǡ
һգŻؿջսݣӾߵضһˮ⼸չÿɺã
ɣͦ˼ġžԵػشǶԼȦӣȦʦͬͬΪŦάϵһ̶䡣˹ٳҲֹϵΪԮ໥֡
˲
ڽҪٳģЩ˼ʹϵ˵ΪҪپˣҪžΪ̰١ں˼µ٣˰ɡ
ӽľڽűߣͻȻǵ˵ǽӣ棬һҳûοԡˣȫˣҵĴ


058 һˣ
ôĴˣ
Ҳ˵ֻڵĽţˮš
ᣬ˸оǳ
ôˣڷЩ˼ץץͷ⼸μͬʿǵĻᣬҲ֪֮໥Ӧ꣬ⲻ˵ġ룬Ҳѡ
ǰѡ˼ҶйģǸͯοԹˣò˹˭㣿ͻȻ̾Ϣ⼸տǺܷ⣬֪֮˶Ҳмӣûйһв̣ת˲Ϳˡ
ڵͷ˵ССһڻûУ㵣̫ˡһͦɢǿš
ȷǰ֪⣬ֽ𰸱ãУһͷײڶϡ
ڽӹеëֽŴˮ̧ϴˣۣһЩ˯˰ɣҪԣҵˡ
еë֪ôģ۾ţͻȻЩİ
ڣӣ֮ǰҿûһģҲ˳ءǻɣҲ⡣
뵽һһǰǰһҲûһĴͻȻʲôֶϵãʲô¶дˡдʫʸ踳ʲôףɱйү˵ǿǷǳ˵ġ
ѵ֪֮һ˵ǲ
ҼҹҲţ
Ƭ̣ڵĽŲ֮󣬶ӻǲģ˵ӣҪٶҳ鸴ϰһ£
ˣڴŹǷо۾ָɬƽգĥǹʲôó
˳Ƶڴϡ
ӱ˯Ӱ㰾ѾٶҳɡмȻһ˿󣺡ȥĹүӣǰҪ
ӻæ͵ֲЩļǵܳȥѿջСѣæ
ҹر˴ȱѣСǳˡһ˵ڣ˹˵ĴĴӣ֪˶Թݷã˽ɲˡ
ǣæ˻ͬһһֻѼӣ˺͸һѼ
Ѿá
ȶӽ˻ط֮ȴѾڴϴ˺ࡣ
ڱǼŨؾͷͲȫϸܵĺ顣
ġ࣬ԱƬִֻ̣ˮ⿪ڵСĵظԼүӡ
ղƬ̣ȴ
үǷǳϤģϾԲʱѿ
ϾĴһ·Ͷ١Ǹɵӣϴ衢Է¶Ҫӷ̡
ʵ˵ڵĺѿСؿڵ߹Ǹͬһá
ڵںѾһˣռ԰׸ɬƤѾɺеԣؼҲʼʾһ˿Ӻе֮
ٿȥҲһŹ棬ںڵüëһЦ۾һ㣬ټѩ׵ݣЩơ
⻹ү𣿡ӳһôˣ⼸ôûзأ
ʵ֪ı仯󲡳֮ʱͿʼˡ
մԽ֮ھͷԼһ˵һ飬һʱûзϣҲû취ֻš
ǰһʱ䣬ԴӷԼʵжʧʱ֮һǿҵΣϮ
ǰξʵ໥Ӱ죬صĲʵм뿹ȥȬˡ
һԼ״ԽҲزȥˣֲһһĿ顣
ҽˮƽִһȲϣһ˷ðпˣҲƽֻʮԵʡһʮͿԳϷˡ
ڽҲʮ꣬ƽʮжʮûִᣬʮҲ׳꣬ɲӢš
ΪˣִμЩ߰ѧϰ֮⣬һЩϰҲͳͳˣڽһ
ƽҲǴ⣬ɾ졣糿һţ̣ʮƬ˾ӣ׷һţˡһݻعһ̸ɳţӣΪҪԼЩһˮزˣһֻռһֻм߶ʮKFCըȡ
˯ʱһţ̡
ߵף벻ʵҲѡ
ʳܿ챻λ֪ͬˣ˾һԻȽȽ籡ĳսʤ
һʵ׳һȦʹľ
ʵӰ쵽ξڵҲʼɽ⼸죬ǾöĿǾ
ⲻͬѰһ㣬ЩԾ˶Сĵؽ˫ֹڵĴϡ
ǰݣһ˫ȣϸֻ־Ȧ
һȴĴȴһȦֻ׳ľΧ
³װѶӸסˣһ
ٿڣԴӱԺѾİ
⻹ҵү𣿲Ư˺öࡣҲ֪Ǻãǲã
֪һ㣬϶Цѹģڱ˧ˣг˧չļ
Ҫ٣٣Ҫڿϻȡó˧漰ƶеһǱ


059 îʱ
ȡ٣˵ƶжԹԱòһҪ
ȣ㲻ǲмһ⣬ִᣬһмҲкܶ๤ǰЩ꣬ҸβЯҲԱ
׵ǣĳʡ¼ȡŮԱʱ涨鷿ԳƣЩ֮ˣֱǶŮ˸ϵ衣
뼯ȨΪǺѶϢٶȵĹϵ֮´ﵽһµĻںܶʱָֻͽְ̻
ط£峤дãʵڴʱϱš
ˣعٺܶʱ򲻹һȨǳ͢档
ǳʵ̫𾴲δٸϡ
һ£֪سţһʲô
ԣѡٵʱ򣬶ԴѡԱ⣬Ҳһֲָļ
ԱòƷơòйǡĿٷſʣ׺ǡͣС´󣬲ɴñҲڳ
ϴСģͷСмͲˡ
˵ҲЦ˵У̫Ԫ谳أȧǸʡͷǰͻǸذ죬͵ġ족˼ǻʵۣ۹Ķ³ûκξҵѹԴŹܡ
ԣһϴٵģӡĽƣԣžٶŷĵһȨ½һ˧磬ʷأףɼһģضġ
ʵǰ㿼һ·ն˽ʿпΪС첡屻򷢵طϸɼ֪أⱲҲˡ
ξʵ໥Ӱ죬ʵ𲽵ʧȫִ̼̳Ǿ塣ټŶʷ֪Ⱦδûзһ졣
Ӳ֪һ㣬տʼʱֻЩ£үòȻôı仯Ϊͬһ𣬵ûзȥò˼꣬ͻһģ
뵽үǰһͻȻһɵӱĴĴӣǰ
үΨһˣҲø
οڱôгϢˣѵҾͲϲ𣿡
˵ʮ߰ǳӺģʲôǰүвѾȬҲùˣȻҪһӡӰӣѵ㲻ү𣿡
һʱ
֮󣬶ͻȻ
˴ҹѾЩƣˣЪϢɾʱ˴Ѿʱˡ
ƴһջкܶŵơ
ԭջҲмͯʡǸϿЩͯ٣ǰһ˵ҲԵͬ꣬׽
һͬĲ֪֮ʿ֪ǸȦӣһη£Ҵʿ
ʱҪˣɻϰΣһͯѹֵĿҲ֪ڿЩʲô
⼸ʣѹͬʱ룺ү壬Ϊƾٵģտ޵ľҶˡ
һ飬ƸîʱբҪǰһʱȥîȻŶӽ
ʱһʱȥ˯£
һ£һ亹æˮ˷䣬ȥ﷿ΪԼү׼͡
Ӻ˼űӣڰķıͿ׼ãֽһ̲跢һʱȥˡ
ٿڴڣѾ춯صش˺ࡣ
ԭ˽վǽӣ̫ƣ˵磬ڱɽһ㡣
æǰڼҲû취ѡĸ첲ʵ࣬ö
æܵԺﺰСܲȥһӹ
СɨԺӣЩΪѣش˵ҹģﻹˡ
һȦˣ˴θԿɹϵӵǰ̣⣬Ǻã
С𼱣зӡ
˵꣬ȥ˵һѾͽڱϣȾܡ
ȵҡӻæ˿׷ȥ
һڸŪˡʺ۾ɻʣô£
Ҫˡࣺôѡ
Щ˼ϰˣԺõһӣӣôң
㻹˵ң˯øһôҲв
ֳҰʵڲоˮڹⶺСѾͷ
ңҵү
СԱЦļ򣺡Слˡ
𣬵ܱС˵ҡСЩ⣺๫˵ĴһӣҪʿġʿʲôϵ·Сϵ޶ҲǺø

С๫ˣϾҪͷˡȻǵͷһܣת۾ܵɶѧ
ȫɶˣǰ˻ˣǧ


060 
϶Ҳ˵ҹ֮󣬳ŶҪرգֵҲֹ˳ûֹ鷸֮
˵طһ¡֣ܹضɱѿ֮òڸմĲ㣬ڵطٵĿǷΧ
ɴ֮ǣξ䣬٣ڵ߷״̬ԣڷһҲܵòôϸ
ڹҹİգٸܶʱһֻ۱һֻۡȻҹţͽǲֵģһɶǾͳһҵ
ͨȥĳ¥̫٣ҪؼֲԸ·ȻһȺŷʣȥУãʮǮȻ󣬱һͨܣڿԳ·ٶȱȽӻпϼ֡
ٸºͿƾٿԶճ͢糯Ĺأîʱ
Ĵطһʮ죬죬ó١¡ʱڣܶʱŵų
ǣܶ˶ѡбֱ˵ĳзʽֻٹԼнη򣬲ñڱϣͳ
ŴĶ嶼ܶ˶ϼ·ͷ
μӸԵĲٿ˱ڵû˵ע⡣
ɶһɶǣ½¶ȺüأĿ½Ƕ౶һʱ䣬ѧǰС㳡ϳ˻ˣĻš
Ҳʱ򣬲Щ󿼳ζ֮£ԸСӹҼҡ
˶ֻ̿ڴɫף촽΢΢
վڸѧſڴߺȣסӵǰͯţ𼷣𼷣֪ү¾ͻ㵽ֵľǰܼ飬ȻտԼĿᡣ
𼷣ˣзݽȥ
Ǽʲôʱ¡îʱһš
Ǻ˻ߣԵʵ̫࣬вǵһξִ档
ǲ˵⻰ãһ˵ȵîʱ͹شţʱ򲻹ǺηʥҲŽȥʱǶˡҲ˲࣬سǰȥ
ܿ죬һСɧǧ˶ڴ
ЩСѰһͬ㿼ĸĸ
ó٣û˳ȥһѹѹͷǸоͷƤ顣̫ˣǧľŰͯԵĵڶҲûйһԺԣԣҲ֪ǺεΡ
ƾٿһһͯԾˢ°ٷ֮ʮĿ漸Ҳûôңô˰ɡ
˱ڵأеĿҲˣķıһء
һͷ붼͸˵֪ͯʲôʱ򱻼˳ͷѪǴסˣվڱѡ
ڿòסҡͷ֪Ҳ֪ô֯ģ£ⳡʵ̫ˡֿԣڿ֮ǰӦðſǰϤϤ볡ǡ
תһ룬ڲʧЦҲûУȴ飬취ȥҪ
ʵŴ֮ԲÿǰϤٹҲΪ˱ӡȷſ׵ڿ֮ЩɶһɹԱɶҪԹ䡣
һ»һµĺá
ڴС̫ƣû˯ѣֻýЩ鸡
ͷС˵ллֶԶӵӣ㻹ȻȥɣⳡҪġ
ӰͷҾ㡣һѣȥٵ鷳ˡ
õġʱȣҲϻĿһֻܰѸ£ͷȺＷȥ
һȺ͸оټѹʵ̫ˣϵĺī֭ζҲ֪˭ķıڵϡ
ȺгʿӣвٿūһˣֽԼү·ġ
ңҵˣڲסЦҲû취ֻ˳˳һһǰӿ
ִἷ˹ḻûʲô
ӵ̶ȣͬ߷ʱBUS
ʱͻȻáһУǸŮӵ
ͷȥȴǶӸǸջСҲں棬֧Ÿ첲żˣдŴʿ㣡
һӣȥСļ㡣
Ӵ۽ү뿼Ӳġ
˵ʲôʵ̫ˣû
ʱͻȻ˳ڵǰЦԭɵӣҲˣ
һȻ½صĽƶλ
ƶ߻˼ˡ
ɻƽţȺģһģôҲμӸˣΪ˶йģԭȴ
һЦӣһ⣬оһ˿
ȻתͷԻЦ֣ڼô࣬Ƕ磬ǲǸð
ЦȻأӦǳɶĵһӣˣǲЦأ
˵ݹȥһɫǼɵӣӲȥ
ǡ˴ӹͰڳȺơ
ҪʲôӾС


061 
ǰǸС壬һƣֻͱ˳ȥ
Ѿñʵ࣬ūһƣȻ˿
˿ͷˣҲ֣һôôС
ӵļУڴŭȵʲô
ơҲǣֻסЦšȻҲֱֶ֪δڽ˿ֻҪڶһӰ쿼״̬ҲǺõġ
Ǻܳ𣬱һ½Ҫ˵֡ǺǣվҪǱԵһһƪ˹ġһǳؼ˵һã㿼ٺҲô
д½ľУҪƽľǰ˹ˡˣвţдĶҲζͬ
Сڵı˼룬¹Ҳûдɣ
һ뵽໥һۣӱ˴˵Ŀп˵⡣
ڷسӼȥΧǵҵˣγùȥ
ٿӣѾȦӯӯ
óױˣһþ֮ȣ½ڴˣ˭ңʲô
һþȫʱС㳡
ղź÷зӯĹ㳡ͻȻΧߵĶǶͬʱһߡ
Ȼͺʿˣʿˡ
ĸʿꣿ
ĸдޱľ£Ǹʿꡣ
һΪʿ˸߲ţǸˣôμͯԣ
ǰ⡣һ˵벻ǾȻʿͬƣɣɣСȻͬͬꡣ
٣ԺͻԲ̸ͬɡ
ô˵С

ɲס˶Լͬسڵķ򳤳һҾĸʿ꣬˰ݼ
¶ݼʿꡣ
û֡
ٸͬʱΪ񣬵ûƽ˺¼ūвڣεվһһס
ǰһͨڲȽҲûʸȥ
һЦԼڳɶղôһͽ˶ˡơ쵰ԺˣЩСֶξܹĳ˳Կδ̫ˡ
ƿū߳һҾأڽμӱƸԣλͬʶʤ֮ϲһᣬһᣡ
ҵȵʿ񡣡
Ҳͬʱ
һʱ䣬ղŻҳһŵָ
ֱؿ˽ƶһۣҪת
ʱһūͻȻץסڵĸ첲תͷŻүҪɵӳȥ𣿡
һʣƶ˾亹ˣĽһ⡣
ڡһЦ
ʱ㳡ַ졣
󵨣ʲôʿꣿ
ҳɶĶôִܱ³ĵı֮衣
ſʿꡣ
ſļҵĹūţȻڸԿ֡
λλƾǹȡʢ䣬Ȼ˸ʿ볡ҵȶɣ
ڵһʫһʺƪһ⼸ѾɶԼʿơ
֪ʲôطļūȻⲻǴǳɶ˵
ǲ̣벻̡
ʱ˵϶żܡ
֪˭ôһ䡣
һͬһˮ͹Ǽʮ嶯꿼ŽƵ˾һͨʹ
ơмūͣս󺣣ûлֵأʱڵء
տʼʱ⼸˻ȴûһ˿
ȻˣɲûҪءҲǳԾû뵽Լһ֮е֮ߣҪǰˣ˵һʿɶֹһѵͺáʱѧĴźȻ򿪣õ˱ʱ
֪֪ͬиѧںһȺ۴˳ҳͬʱȣʼˣһȡʸ񡣡
Űˣ׷ɢ
ٿϣơǳ٣û취μӿˡ
֪΢΢һüͷԱߵ֪ͬһ֣ˣ̧ȥпҳ̫ˡ
ڣ֪Ҳûа취
˿̣ÿڰѹһеԺ˵
кЦơҵ鷳û뵽Լ˽ȥˡ
ơ̧ȥ֪֪֮ͬͬʱվڿյϵڣ۾һг˵ͷ
֪ڿʼˡ
һŻᳪɶȪԬǰܼ飬ȡƣ
˰죬ȴû˻شֺһԬûУ
ͻȻ˺ʿȽţ˭ȡ
ۺȵٷϻе˭˭¡ֺһˣضˮڣûС
һӦʿȽ
۶ͷкˮ
æ˵ںεºܵ˺񰮣λͬ꣬ٸĹذɡ
ֶͬʱ֣ʿ롣
֪ȤһЦڵʿ꣬㻹Ƚɣ㲻Ҳ˼ȡͱĥˡ


062 ͬһ
ҲȥŶӣ˵˶һߣӣʱһһأ˭Ҳȥ
Ҳǽ֮ˣ΢һףһڣǰȥлڹ
ڸղŪô󶯾֪Ϊ裬ôʿȻ֮ߣҲԼ߿һۡңҲǸ֮ˣȻûйƽռҲʿԾӣôֺβס
֪ߵ֪ͬȴǸѧǰڳϮбΡǰĳȴ΢΢ЩϲڲŻڣǰֻ̲ϧľ֣ش֮˿ȥҪԿͷġ佫ٳ֮Կһ
üͷһۣڣʲô˵⼸ոû鱾ѵΪԼأ֮ʱѪգЩǿԵģȴа
Цͬδү˵ǣѧ֪ˡƾٻ˵ѧʣʫ⣬Ҫƽ¹գģҲĥǹʲôáԴ˴θԣѧء
ʲôأ֪ͬЩɻ
пһһôˣ˵Ǳʱ飬ʱյ˲֪
æ˵ԼǰϾʱһѧ컭ǸóӣָԼʱ˵ڻ֮ǰҪȹ۲ӵ̬гͻӦ֣ӾȻ
ô˵ϸ֮£Ҳ΢Ц飬֪ͬЩΣֻһӣȥɣպĿᣬӴ⡣
ˣѧͽȥˡߵһǰѿݹȥſ˫ۣʾԿʼˡ
ɾʱͻȻ˳ȵȣҿڵһġ
һʿ
˲ڵùͷ֪֪ͬ˵Ӷ⡣
ʱзŭĿ˭ôӣͬʿΪԼĲѧʤ𣿡
һڶʱǿǺֽеǵģǵģлҪ˵
֪Ҳŭʣ˭
꿼æ񣺡үѧȪԬɣڵһ
֪ҲЩΪѣ˼ȷʵڵһӦõһȥġǲʣҲϹأղŵʱΪʲôӦ
ǵģǵġǸԬɵʿҾֶڵʿ֣СȽȥġҪ㣬ȴСһ¡
ʣʲô£
ԬɺС֪ʿŻֻʫʴȴһֱԵֵİ˹ʱġСи֮룬֮󣬻ʿֽӳһݸңҲϸĴĦ
˶Ц֪֪ͬҲ
һӡ
ԶԶԣҵȿʿֵһɵʱȴҪӳһݸҵȿ۽硣˶ź
Ƭѧڼͷҳɶķ֮ʢοο
ڵЩΪѣôˣһ˳һݵóʲôʱ򡣿ңԼһصģܲȥջѰԼôˣѿջ˲Ź֡˵Ҳջϰ鷳
ҪǣĿƾپӶϸĹ취֮Ҫ鵵˭ܿġ˿ʱεľӣٸһ㶼طУɱʡ˵ڽʿӣֱӿۡ档
֮佻һ¿²Ҫɹ֮Ҳ֪ײ׵
֪𣬿˵ѧֻ㿼ͷһҲμӡ
ֿ֪ͬʼüͷˣȵڣΪһأ
֪Խ˼ˣһЦʿȻʮ㰡ҪԾҲûʲôˡƾ֮ȻǶ£˵ĹΪȡŶԣ̻ط̲ҵȵطӦġȻһأپֻһܹܲͿдΡҲΪĲͷɡΪ˹㲻ᡣڴ֮ͥд壬ٺ֪ͬѧڹͬľڸѧſڣʧڡ㿴ɺã
ȷͯԵǰϸ񣬿ٿĹ򣬿Ҳʲôԣ͵Ǻ漸ϵ濼Ե
ͯԵĵһд˹Ĳдúã漸ĳɼȴҪںĲۡʫʲôģЩԵĸ⣬ֻοܳɼ
һ»͵ѧͬ⡣
ãҲͬʱкá
ܿͼͺ˶ݣҲ½ҵԼĿᡣ
ڵĿȴЩ֣ûеĿᣬ¶һλٰ칫ĴǰС㳡ϡΧǿᣬνĿ
Ŀһٶ껹ͷһ⣬ͬһ㡣
ܿ죬Ӿͷˡ
ĿϣοԻûκ
ֻ


063 ż
һڿԱڴ֮УЦеؿС㳡еڡ
ǰһŲСķıԱһƼܣһյԵЩİ
ڲîʱҲǺʱĵڵһƮƮȤ
ڿٶЦţֻ֪ͬһ֮ˣ֪ˣпᣬΪĿ֮´⣿
֪ɫǰһӣгϮҥԴȻҹ֮ҥơϧʱֻٺͲʿڳڵĲѧӦòѡԲ̫棬νҵһԶ飬ֻ²ܷڡβ͵ȫٽڿţȻûκλ˵
ڿٶͷá
֪ͬȴΪȻĵ𱾲ǽʿƽڹٳ˽ܾЩΡϲŪЩʿּѻʲôġȴôһǡ
ͷѾЩˣĴ˱ǫǫӣҲ룬ֻñ͡
ѾȥһǱʱҪ࣬ѾﵽԺǵı׼֪ο൱ء
ͬʱľһƸԵľӳʮףʮңһҳ
˺ɫÿҳУÿжʮ֡Ŵд²Ҫ㣬Ҳ˵ƪһŰ֣ƪҪддꡣ
д飬ѧΪĶѧǳֻ±ʼɬûдĶʱһ㶼ҪѧÿıﵽһǺҲҪչ
ȵѧ㹻·ѧʵˣͷҲĥԲ죬ǧҲղסȴץص㡣
ʱֻҪѧп޵־ɾ޹ؽҪݻԱͻ⡣ˣʱֻҪѧٵֱḻݡ
ˣ²ɡ
˿ƾٿϣһƪ˹ķΪ⡢⡢𽲡֡ɡйɡɡɰ˸֡
ݾӲŰ֣Ҳ˵ûֶֻʮֵĻأԿԱīĿҪ󼫸ߡ
Դˣڵûʲôõĵģ˲ٷģһƪ㹻صġֻҪһ£ƪ֪ܶ˺һڿٵθڡ
ƸԵһһƪ˹ģĿǡΪҲգֱ޺֮䡷ͬʵʷһ
һԡӡ˼ǣȻ֮۴ǿֱȥҲȥ˺ͻ֮䡣
Ҳ˼ߴԵľӣκζԹѧ֮˶Ƕꡣ
ͬڹŴҲΪ˹ĵĿ
еķһƪ״ԪĵͨԵľӶС
ڣֻҪѡһƪʵ¼ȥͿˡ
ͷԴޣƪһƪһƪԭ״ԪĺľˣڱŪһƪȥ룬ȴܾЩס
ʲôطãҲ˵
ˮ̨ע˵ˮĥī
տʼʱл΢ЩңĥīҲû·īһȦĄ̇ﻮҲؾֻе˳ЩԲһ㱻ĥˣۺ֮䡣
һʱ䣬ûа㷳ңֻ֮ɶϾ
Ҳˣˡ
ôôڱѳķΧ֮УͻȻʶͻľף͵̧ͷ¿ȴΧĿУеĿûжǴؿԼڵȶʡ
ҲΪȣ
һ͵ը룬ڲԼдʲôˡ
ǵģ˹ȻںΪǽ˼ĵһɱ֡˵һ˼룬˼ĵطȱĴʾ䡣
ɾЩҰ˹£ȴϸ⾳䡣
˹ĺеžƷֱһƷ
硶ʷ˵˹ĺãôҪʫʫҪ͸һһۣһһѪǰ˹ǷôҰаħ
ѧƷ˵д¶Ҫɣ˹ΪϸأҪдоʾԼĲŻ汾¡˹ǿ壬ּԦˮ׼߼
˵ˣŲš
֪ղ֮Ըô󶯾ĿģþҪھҫŻ
˵֪Ҫͷסһ𣺡һƪ̵˶ƿԵ³Ҫ֪
Żȱ𣿡
ͨҾͲˣҪͳƪԾԵһ·ѹ
ĥī͵վһյϨ
Ȼʣֽд
֮Īߣ֮ѡ
⡣
һ͡


064 Ļ
֮Īߣ֮ѡ
֮ˣжкȻ֮νȻ֮Ǹ֮˼
֮ԱƣȻ
Ȼ֮ߣֻű£ȻȻɡ
ǡ֮ѡ
ƪµ⡣
ϧΪ˵ƣȴûܹ
ֵʱ֣һƬڡֻǵ͵ƣ֮貵Ǻӡ
Уܱͦʼ飬ưƮһ˵ȡ
˵֪ͬһ͵վҪǳ⡣֪ȴһЦסӣҿ
֪ͬԭкɫÿֵĴСǹڵϹģͨˣû취һСľͻʹݾӳױϣʧȥ˿ʸ
ֶֻ鷨м˲ܱתء
֪ͬʱ鷨Ҳĥ꣬ѧϰ鷨һʼǱǧÿȥ͸ֽ档Ϊ˶ϰСɳ
ˣ̸ϱʷ;
Ȼ󣬾͸ѵÿֵļܽṹϤ̶ȡʱҪдҴ֣һʶ֮󣬲ܿʼдӬͷС
ǴС֣дǷɭϣܲ͸磬
ԣһϸ鷨Ҷԣ۾Ҳһд֡
ںҹģ֪ͬŴΪԾҹûȥμӣԵʶڵһݡ˿̲סһѾ˶꣬Ҳϴ
Ŀд֣֪ͬҲܰ쵽ڿϣһĴǣһߴһĶãһ񣬾ͽдˡ
ڴ˾٣ѵһ˲Ѿ˸壬дȥ
һƪ˹£ֻһɲǾˣ߲ʫĲӽҲˡ
ڣѵĹֲţ
֪ͬ𺳡
ͬе𺳵ĻͬڵĿС㳡УһȦΧСһһͬʱ
û˸ڶʣûĥīôڿ
ֻֻ֮һڲãĳУĺɫи裬һӹֳԾ֣ϱ任ͬС
ǵģֻڼʦУڼ׹֮ϣعͨģȻȻʹһħ
ƬبһҹɫУһżâĻꡣ
е֮ˣһ֮޶ɣҲ䶷Ҳ֪֮ΪСҲ֪֮󣬸ηҲȻ֮Ҳ
ǳ⡣
֮УΪ֪нΪ£˶Ϊӡ
𽲡
ȻǡΪҲ£֮ʢĪҲ˶ΪӣҲ֮˥Ҳ
֣Ѿظ߳ͬʱһأɱȼžİ˹Ĵңй֮
٣д¡ǹˮ׼û־Ʒ嫡ϵŵϴ
ǵģǴ˵еİ˴ɢġ
ڶޡ
˹ƾٿҪ壬֮һ壬ʼʵԴͷȴǱεľ忼ԡ
εľ忼ԣΪûʱôʺ⾳УǺө֮
ߴԵպʯǸ֡
տʼʱڻһƪĩ˹ɺǡܳɵ˵ȥڰ˹ϵԲͨõһ̽ȡ
ʶοԲҪӮҪӮƯʱھ˴ҵ¡
ʯնѡ񣬿ϧûдͬ£ǡһƪͬģֻ˶Ρ
ɼˣ㹻ɱһˡ
ĵܵܣڹдгɾͼߣҲܼΰ˴֮С
޵·売Ҳ֮ڳȴǶŸġӽʫ׵ġҹӵһ԰򡷣ƪƷȻͬȴ̺һеĻһУá
Ҳ֪˶ãʱŨûĺڰ֮Уڽһд꣺Ի־֮˧Ҳ֮Ҳ־ʢԿ壬Ī棬Ȼӡ
ˣһƪŰֵİ˹дˡ
΢΢ȣȴѾȫ
ֻһľ񶼺һʺľˡ
ӵʣ£תͷԱߵ΢Ц鷳Ƶƣ
̧ͷȥһԼӶ͸
ͻȻ̾һʮ֮ڣûпٻԴ˾Ϊˣ㻻һĺž̷ڡ߹дҲܱдøá
ĻĴ
ˣǰһƬͨ΢΢۾
֪ͬͻȻܹͷȥȴдֶ϶СطںɫУɾúǵӡˢһһʲݡ
һȴֲָĺڰдġ
ֶ˶֪ͬϸؿµݡֻƬ̾ͽҳӿ꣬Ȼһ峿磬˵ЩʲôȴطΪʣ£־˵ĿʫСͬʥ֮ԣ΢Դʲô
ʱͻȻԺ̾ϢһĴʵ̫СѾװʿˡ
ͷȥ֪͸ѧڡ
۾ﶼʪ˸


065 һ̣һģ
ʱѾ֪ԼһѾûκܹͷ
ֻǣȵһηƻһʱ䣬ȴ
ղŲĺķ̫ྫѾƣˡ
֪ͬˣѧĿɷۣ¿ɷ뿪̲סһ
õĳĬ֪֪֮ͬһۣĴˣΣ
֪Ǿ˳֪ͬǽʿڡоӵӸߵͣʿȾ˸зȨ
֪ͬͻȻ̾Ϣһ£֮ʿԿݺȥֺαضһʡ
֪ͷȷǡڵľһȦһ㣬¼ȡˡ
ԺϣҲٿˡ
Ϣ޾ϲվһҾѧлʦ
֪лϲһѽڷ΢ЦʿĵͷȵһηƵʱͿԳȥˣҾȴ
ǣѧʦ֮Ӧһλ˫ַϥϣĿ
֪ڵĴֳΧĿɨһۣоӣɣڵľӵ±ڸѧſڹС˿ƸԣȻԵͷףʿͬڿƿȴҲһ¡
ǰڴʱ˿ر˿УּǷּͬӡˢһ֣Ȼޱ
һ֪仰ͬʱһݣǰܹͬ죬ȻòһȴҲһ׮Ϊҫ֮¡
ηѣͷ̨ˮʹĥī
һʱ¶į̄ĥɳɳ
ڲӣû˸Ҷʡص֪֮СЦݾ̯ڴϣҶɣССһԣȻ˽ʿ£ɡ
뵽֪Ҳ
֪ŵΧ
ЩȻû٣඼֪ĻţŹģлһǾˣβʶƪµĺû
һƪ˰ٶֵĸֻɨ۾ѿϣȻǳĳĬ
Σ֪ʡ
û˻ش
ֵ֪屾׵һλҸĻţԽĻ֮أ۽϶ȱҪߣȦ壿
ûС񷿵̾Ϣ뵱꣬СҲΪ֮ţΪøʿ̽ȡһס˭룬ڿƳ꣬ȴֹŹҲܹԹ˹ɿ˴ģȴͻȻףСҲһˡʿΪ׼ģҵȿ󼰡
ǰһԼʹ־չҲͬʱ̾
֪ǵ⣬ЦŶ֪ͬĴˣǽʿҲţҲֻд
֪ͬһɫд
ʲô֪֪֪ͬһȻʫʣϴûˣȴ˵Ļ˾ȡ
ָ֪ͬڵľӣڵ˵Ȼ˵ʿ֮ĴƽʵԨͣţһʿӿ̩Ȼ֮񡣸˵ǽʿ£ȴ˵ˡ¹ٿ״Ԫӡ
˶Сû뵽һ֪ͬ˸ߵ
ͬʱͷȥУΣ΢΢Ŀɳһơ
ԡ
һ̣һģˡ
ڿ˰죬ȵһηӵʱ䣬ٲڿ飬ȥ
վһ˲䣬ĵĿҲվſդ΢һʩ
һ·Ҿų˸ѧš
ͷȥͻȻеδԶʲô⣬ĴƬʵ̫СˣװԼδ㽣ֻٵ£õ˹Ҫ뿪ɽˮ
δǸӹء
ɷ򣬵ɣ
ʵϣԺԺԡԡԺ͵Զǳ棬ֻҪúãһ֪
Ժ͸ԣɫŨңܷأȫƾϲŭ
ԽĳϣԽõġ
ԺţѾǺʮңͿͬһŵӵũ˵Щʲô
һۣӣһֱﰡ
ӣôˣ˵ģ濼ãӾȶáΪ죺㲻ڿ𣿡
ɫͻȻЩ
Ƶʱ䵽ˣҾͳˡװһǳģȻ̾Ϣ
ǡСѾͷ
ôӿǸšڹЦıӣˣ֪˵ˣƾ׳¾ܹأҲÿˡ
˵Ҳ֣ӣȴûؽģӹˣ
м١
ӷ𣬰ӷ𣡡һ˼𣺡һ¾ԣʱӵ˹ƼһҲһٻ顣
˼ҿ˵ˣˣͲӦ¡
Եģ˵˾֮󣬹Ҳôˬ죬ǣƼ߻ǲߡ
˺ˣ̸ܲܲ£Щͷۣں֮ƽ۽ҪȢŮ⡭ҵã


066 ֪
Ҳ֪ô£΢ЩɾͣҪ⡢ҵ£⺢Ѿħˡ
ڲͬȥһͨ߶
ڸһ󷢰кЩӡ
֪׵ǱưףʿֵĹأѾԼʦˣӦȥšõȵŰ˵
ǰҲֻܴڿջϢ
ԺҲûʱ䣬Ͼڿջｫ졣
ˣֶ߰飬ڸԵĽڳˡϣͷ
ǵжʮԺԣҲû½أڳɶס
½ضǰ˵һϵĹ磬СͳϾϼҲûʲôоοڱһִеˣ֮£ɶķָθڡ
˵һ͸ȥʦ
Ű죬ڱһŶȥ֪ȴ֪֮ȥˡ
ԭ֪Ĵӵ͢ڳɶ֮󣬾Ҫȥμ˳츮ԣ˳ͬ½顣ӳɶȥ룬Ȼμӡƺӡ˺ӱġֹӸ˼ҳԲ;ĿࡣǵƬ̣ǾȥݣȻ˳£ˣ·ȻҪൢЩʱգȴҲʡ
֪˹ٴȥ
һȥһôҲʮա
û취ֻ÷УǶȥ
ɶӹÿɱ½˼ö࣬õһرڸѧϵƪ£ĴѳĴ̳һҫ۵ǡ
ɶʿŲŰݷãݡݵҲĽá
ʿ֮еĽⲻҪĻᣬԳ׾ƣ̽ѧʡտʼʱڻӦ꣬Թᣬ֮ⲻҪǿʤࡣҲЩᷳѰ徲ĵط顣
֮ˡ
ѰҪĿġһڰæ飻ڰȥڳɶլﳤסһӦʳޣ뵣ġ
һںȤԼǿڿԣʵʵĶʻûǸѧʣͲˣ˵ʱ֮ۡ
ȥ֮ڳɶլӾסϾԺԣԣڳɶڻ½ȥʱҪܹӦԣ鷳
ܹס֮լһ£ҲܽԼһʿ
֮¶ļڼξͱˣڻ磬Ʒ⽫ɶһԺ͸˴ӡ
ԺĴ󣬱ƼҵĲҵǸɾţЩߣֻһȦͷأſȸ±߶š
һϲ
ǰϾȻǸСѾߣҲǹ˸ġ
СⱲӴû⼸˹ЩĶ๫ǶԼү˹Ƴ磬ַ·صϾʱӣʱ򣬹ү١
쿪ۣҪˣ
һСѾͷѲͬһ˹طѾ֮ͬƼҲûκιϵ
ס֮ڲŷԼһ
ΪԽԼɱʵϣŹµִ˻ǮһִţͷѾЩȡ
ס˼죬Ժȴ½в˽ȥеĽˣ鷻Ļƣɽѧ
֪˵֮׫Уĵط־ȿջͷۡ
ѾӦ֮Ҳ˼뿪
֮ԺѧдƼұˣеʿֺ֮ʫϼģҶˡ
ȻΪͬƼҵĹϵϲΣ˴˼棬Ҳûô˵
˵Ҳã粻ڸɴͶһסƫƧСԺӣ飬дд֣֣ŵӣȻͬС¼壬Ҳǿ
֮½ѧϿΣĸҲϱ͵УԣȻ棬׼ӡˢ档
ΪĴʿеĵһ֮ĸȻһ͵
㷭˼ҳ֮Ȼдüãûʲô⣬һ״ͳѧ˵ʲô˸Ӧʲôģÿ
ʱũ£һһա
ĴϾ𲻴󣬶һѰֻҪ¾ȴ
֮Уһ衢һ飬һ̴֧ȼƽ͡
ӿҲвסˣԴסСԺռ䶼æһɨԺӣһ̳ӽˮһ䲻ԺӾʰ˿̵վڴֶ̨ݺֽ
Ͷļ֮˱õǱյ͸ˣһҡҷ֦
紵ڵϵľˮʪлǾޱζ
ڿһѡβһϾͬԲʱ򣬺ûСѾͷʲôôƽ壬׼һ椡벻ż꣬Ѿ˶ˡ
ʲôݺݵصһۣͻȻڻĿ⣬һĶҪŭȴͻȻŤС΢죺ֲû
ȴȥ
еЩǾޱζŨˣҲ֪ǻ㻹Ƕϵζ
һ嶯̲סȥסӣҲ˵ֻЦеؿ
ԺſڴһŲ
֮бһ˽
æһְѶӴӴ̨ϱ΢ЦСıˤˡ
ҧ촽һۣ۲
տɺãס鷳ˡ֮ײƴ˼컣Щ˼
֮һŵݹȥʿ꣬Ķʦ֪ظдš֪֪סҲŻ½ȽͯԹˣõŹ˵
ڲżһۣɫ΢
֮ʣôˣ
ڣûʲôһС¡ЦЦЦȴЩɬ
֪صеȷһ̫õϢ


067 ̫õϢ
֪ص˼
ȣΪڵĶʦߴΪڻñƸͷʾףأοڽ佾꣬ȡڼԺõŹơ
ڶ˼ǣĴʡԺԵѾȷаӦϼǰ¾ɽһѲӣּɶ࿼
ԭԺԺԡԲ̫һΪϵŹһ¼ȡΪԱܻŹ˰⸳ٲһϵȨͯԵǰҪࡣ
Ϊ˷ֹطףһ˵ٶҪɣĴʡԺҲ⡣
ͯһ˹ؼڿ֮ǰϸĴĦٵıԺθڷǳҪ
ϣ֪˵ӦϼǼξʮĽʿԸϲʵ֣úΣĵʱ򲻷ںض϶Щ
֪͸¶ϢǳҪҲ֪óʲôȥˣԱԺҲ˼ְա
˵ӦϼǼξʮĽʿڵǳһһĽʿƵǺܳЩ˲ţžžҲ˵ˣ׸кڵ̳䣬˵ƿ÷дġҲһڸ׸
һڵĽʿƿν˲żüãǰӦϼ٣ֱ¼ȡǰֻ̤ӴĹżš
˼֪ĩβ˵Ϣǳӣ֮֮ĵƫۣ˵Ѿ˽פĴǸǧע⣬ӽУ鷳
ǧ΢΢ЩԾǸأǶˣ˵ڲһƽ񣬾֪ˣץҲץˡ
ΪֱӶԻʵ۸أҪ͵ط֡طΪúͱ֣ø참͹Ѻˣ񡣳أطǧɳܼӵط
һ˵һʡһǧжİ참ȨץȨ
ѵ֮зĵط֪ұǣȥʳѡһ⣬˵֮ҿɲȢ嵣Ҿ˾ˡ
ڷţʦ˵ƵԺǰӦϼ
˵Ǹغӡ֮ͷܹ²μӿԣҲӦϼǸв֮ˣɶȻòϸͬ̽һѧʣһ¡ʿ꣬ý˽ѡͰȥ߸
һҧֱʵⱾУв׵ĵط
׵ĵط֮üͷʿԺ⣬ѵ㻹û
ڵЩΣ⼸æӦԺԣһֱû¡һǷз߻֮
пܡ֮Ҳرܣ̯飬ֱش˵һȨ볼Ȩʿ֮Ļҷǵ̸һת̸ܿ⽨ĸٳһףСʱ
Ա̺ŵĶһǷһǷҲЩ˯ʡ
ʵ˵һڷǳðʿ۵û⣬ôɵġڸ˾㶦໥ƺ⣬ЩȨζ
ʵϣľȨ̫ͳ棬ġξԺ۵ˣǾָű
֮дЩȫȷҲ
⣬ӦóԶԸٳĲ档
ⲻҪľ
뵽˹̲סеΪϺѧʿƽ
ԡ֮ͷɫȸ֮ܲԩѼʮأĳ˼ҹ룬òϴˢȸϵԩֻ轫Ȿ鿯طУһϴгسΪԣδûת
س
֮ͻȻ΢΢һЦֻʱ¼ȡһʿѾڸ׸
˵ϸϣЩԣǸϻͷ˵Ǹ˰ɣϸϺҲûʲô캦֮£ǶԼȨλýҲСΪʦͷߺ飬Իȥ
鱾հξ͢ǣôͻȻķƽ
Զôһˣȥð
ֻ͢ϵûʲô
֮Ȼϣϴ̰δ޻˵
ɼ˵ѧͬǻ۲ûκιϵ
ϸϣ׼Ȿ֮ͶȥΪһ˵֮ȻĳҲ֪Ī⣬ȴ岻ݴǡ
ڱ£ɿһ۲صľͷ֪˵ʲôҲûáֻĬĬͷٲȰ档
룺˴ѳǷ֮أЩ뿪Ϊá⻰ܹ֮ǰ˵ڣգԺҲûˣȿͻ½ȥ


068 ǳҪ
ʵ֮ǻۣβ֪Ҫǰڸ׸͢ͼԺѧʿѶȡβ֪һȴĽǼķա
֪ʶӶһǣ˵еʱһִ֡ڣʿͬʵ۶ţͥΪ١ǧټǻʵ۲ˣԻȡʱ߻ħˡ
֮дⱾ飬û׼Ҳ˼ҲʵҪġ
룬ѾЩˡ
ִ󻷾У֮ͬ˵Щܱ֮ĻǶһ裬ҲΪܡ
ˣĪտ̾Ϣ
ֻڴ֮ûʲôֵ̫ۣʵ۵ע⡣
ڶĿеĵλͬξľԹ
»ôӼξʵ۵ǻʱġ顱¼˵
ָʮξʮĹڻͳʿۣ䣬ǣڸ׸͢͡ëΡڸ׸ˣʮֶ͢ɹԱ໥мǼξģǰ¼
ξ֮ǰ»ʵӢţΪãȺյܼԭ讼̳дͳڵļξʵۡ
ξʵ۴Ӻ֮ȺйʲôӭӼξۣ͢͵£Ի̫ӵݼλ
û뵽ȴ˼ξļɣúõһӣĸڣȴҪȥ
ξʵһԸǿƫִľȻͬ͢͵˷˼ҳͻ
ʵԼĸϻʵţ̫һͨķȻҪȵۣ͢͵˵ֱɽܡǣ͢͵ʮԺس׷۷ԣƻʵջʥּ
ˣⳡη粨ƽϢ
ΪüξʵʶȺѾȨ˥䡣ξһ쳤Ȩλȹ̣ڳʰЩĴ󳼡
ʱ򣬼ξʾ߳󣬷ֲһԵֲ־Ĵ󳼣͢͵˰չٵİչ١ŵţڽȨεץС
ҾǸʱ˥ȥģɼˣΪʿĽȫ¶˵ĹһţԽ
ʵڿǼͳǼõ磬˵ǾȨͻȨĶζûаЭأǶѹ磬ѹ硣ڷ⽨ᣬΪ˳ͬϾʹƣù
֮δʽ淢УҲΪæӦδ£ԼҲûӰ졣
ǣ֮ϾԼδ޵ľ˾ˣȻ¡
֮Իغ¼ڼʮƪ£Ŀǰֻһڳﱸ֮С
һڴɨһۣȻвٲ׵ĵطҲë⣬ӦںΪȵǰѺҳ
֮ȥ֮Ҳҵ飬ܵǰԺʵĽҪԭ塣
֮ڳɶլѾһǽæкüɽԺѧùݸһһ¼۾ֽȥˡһҪķѺ飬뵱Ϊ˱롶ִ䡷ʹԽԱĹʶ
ͬΪ֮Ȿ飬ƼڵؽӶ˳ƼԹԡ
⻹ڵһνӴӡˢҵк棬̲סͬԺУԵ̸
ͷ죬ȻΣʱش
ͬʵʷһЩ峯ǰĴʹľӡˢӡһ飬ľ̵Ҫװӡʱһշ̫״ӡˢϧʹʵ̫̣ӡˢЧҲģ塣ʱ֣ͭϡҵͭΪ
ĿҵйŴĳҵӡˢϵķʱڣΪٿ̡˽̺ͷ֡Թٿ̱ΪƼο飬һжҪչٿ̱ı׼ȻķѾ޴
ͬ˼䣬˳ִһʿнӹһ֮ĸӣֻһۣ;ñ亹
һƪڷȶеľ޴ģϸ˸ӡĸӡֵܡ֮ĹϵӦóеκԼֹϵԺгá
ϿҲûʲôˣһѾ˵˵ۡУȴһ˿ͬζ磬ۼƲ̳ȨһУ̸֮һĵûֱϵɴ֧Ѱһ²ŽԱ֮˼̳мҵǰͬʲôϵǳһ죬ֱӳ²ںõλáһ֮ʱ߿Լǰ˵ĳƽܾݣ񷨺δ档
ˣôͳ쾭顣
ⲻڷϻ𣿡ڳһ


069 ˶
ϵǸ¼еʣʿ֣ѿӾòã
û£û£Ϊ׼Ժԣҹ飬Щƣڶ˶񣬿ŸӵΪָڷף̨μӽĿ𣿡
һƾٿԣ£̾Ϣһʿ־޾ԺȻܹеģʱ˹Ȼͬ̾ѾԺԿɽ˵ҹ»̫֮УܳʵҲԤ֮СһﾪˣԺҾͲμˣ˵Ԥףʿɹ
Ҳҡڿػһ
ʣʿ꣬Ժ֮а֮ڣʱ᲻ɽ飿Ҷͬأһڴ
Ҳ˵Цͷȥ飬˰ɡҲ˵ԼںƵĹϵϲΣ֮Ҳ֪ἤʲôķ粨ʱ򡭡
һǡ
ȴˣЦʿֿǲԸ⿴С˵
ۣСˣһ㶣в½صĶĸߣʲôʱСˣ仯죡
ʿŻ֪ѾϳԺˡǸ˹İ࣬ȻΪ˽ԹȻʿ곭Ϯ˵ҲҪˡʿĲŻκ˶ڸǲ˵ģⲻ¡ҲΪʿЦĴѧ˵ˣʿ֮ܣĹҲͰˣǣ붼Ҫ롣μԣֻȥʡȻǸ˾ˣⱲҲ١
һɫ֣ʿ꣬ЦҵĿ飬۵ҥԣˣˡˡ
ϢĿ࣬û뵽۾Ȼ䵽زҲ⣬֮ʿеĵλΪһ˸ϳŵİ࣬Ⱳӵǳ׵ػˡˣںΪҪһ޷֮ա
̾ҲǸв֮ˣΪɱ۾䵽أ̾Ϣ
ƶǺΡ
ش˵ƶڴˣûºòˡ
ΪЩңͬ˵˼仰ȥʡѧﱨμӽԺˣ͸Ƕȥ
ʱԱߵļɿ֮ˡ
˶һɻ
˴֮˸ۣҲôسᶽѧȥ
֮լλڽǳɶҵ˺ܶ࣬ѧһξ롣
һߣһСĵع۲һ
꺺Ӵͷβں棬ӽһֱձڣȻٸѧţܱͬʮľ롣
ĸߴϴһ⺷֮һվڴ벻עⶼѡ
ף˰ˡŲʮ̽ӣпǽ̽ӡ
Ҳ֣֮ⱾҲͰˣǵְڡҸʲôڲһľͬҲûһǮĹϵ
벻ס
ڱ֮Ͱ¸֮ģͷûȷʵ֤ݣңϾԺԣȿԽºˡ
ȥѧţǼǵ˵ǴڣЦԭʿ꣬Ҿ˵ô˱Ⱥüˡ
΢Ц⼸æŶ飬ҵ͵飬Ŀ
òãʿҪʲôɿظڰЦǰ˻ôĴֶʫ¡οԺȴҪʧɫࡣ
ڱ޵Щ˼ˣǰӦϼѧʿ
ǡ⣬˴Цһ߽һƷٷԱ
æʩ񣺡ү
ǰӦϼ
һæһҾѧڣˡ
ڻҵѧҪ֮СӦϼһѽڷϲĿڣмãһʿ꣬һ΢˫ɡ֪ɶжڴʫʣһ仨˶΢˫ɣ˿ڣԣ˶˫ɳ֮
˫ɣЩЦãûãòPʱ°˲棬˫ɣ̫˰ɣ
ӦϼĿڣ̸ͬ˰졣ʱ俴飬־֮ͬ̽ѧʣҲӦоݣеĲٺ˵ĹѧоɹҲð˶Ŀһ¡
Ӧϼͷο˵ʫʿһһٺƲҲࡣȴЩǣʫʺûҪ츳ǿѧȴҪʵʵʮ꺮¾ִŰġҲûʲôõǵġ
ԽԽϲǸȤ֮ˣ̲סڵЦڣ˵ʦѧͽʦڸθסѧͽѧ϶ϻ̫๤ֻʽع̡˵ȴǵѧͲ±ʦѵ𣿡
ӦϼЦ˵úÿԣؿڳȥ
˴ţڷӻں治ظţ˺ջ
ϧҲûκΰ취ֻõˡ
һ¸ղͬӦϼ˵һͻȻץץԴղϰ˵Һһʿ꣬һ΢˫ɡСְͬ˸Ӵ򲻵һһôҲǸ٣ŹάңΪʲôأ
뵽ߵԱߵˮϣͷȥȴһ


070 ׼ĸ
ˮһˣ˵ִеǸڡ
ԴξдԽڶδ滮ֻһһؿȥƾǿϿ⣬øʿҲʲô£Դġ
ΨһԼ糤̫죬С޸֮硣ȧǸʣ°ͼÿԵ׶ӡټң͵һ˿
ԼôţⱲҪˡ
Ȼӿ϶ظԼġѾֻС檣˵Ҳνֻϧ۲ԼٳĻ
ЩС⣬ؼѡעòʵ̫ѿҲòʵȨְλһ컨壬ҪǱҪȳ˸Ŭ
⣬õʿ֮ΪòԵʣ·ŵطζһ֪ӦûпܡᱻȥһʱʵϰԱȻӵˮŻԵ뻹нһչҪܳһʱ䡣
ǣȴûšˮеĵӰһߴӢˣԳۣüĿʣȳƵȻִĲŴͶΪڴĳһͶȻɱȴԡ
˿ⲻǰôڳһڵϡЩǸҩ޹ӵģٺִͬԼаٷ֮ʮƶȡ
ѵ˵ԼִᶪʧʱԽԽ࣬ԼҲһ޷ķʽתƹ
ȵռ죬϶һﵽٷ֮٣ͻ᳹״ԽʱҲزȥˡ
Ҳ֪ǺûǻĿǰôڻ
ʵ˵ִԼúܲ⣬ƾԼԽʱļʶͷǿ϶ġ
ңִԼҲһ˧ֻ꣬Ҫнʿ򲻻Ϊòˢ
ǳڸ˵ؼҪЦ
Щ֣Լô仯ôһҲû
Ҳ⣬ҴһһĹ̡ˣǳʱò仯Ҳ
³嵭˱̽ӸٵתҲôβͣһӣҡڵػص֮լӡ
·ϣ룬ǽ֮ͬ²̸һΣһӡ֮󣬿ֵܻĶ֮Լ飬ɡ
Խִʱ϶ҳһ飬ʵϣξʵ󣬼λ¡ʵ۵͸͢͡ƽ˷Ǽξʮ꣬ξʵۻȥ֮͢Ҳꡣ
Ȼ֮ѡ·ҲӦ׼
صլ֮֮ȴڣһʣ֪½ȥˡ
ԭ֮ڻƼѧɽɽкܷصĽѧֻÿһγɶ顣
ٹվԺԣҲûʱ;ȥ£Ժ˵ɡ
ڵڷԼòı֮ͷϣͿ첽߻ԼԺӣӣӣ˵µˣûڡ
û˵꣬ھͷСѾСԲ˫վſڡ
ԩ·խһ㶣̲סһüͷ㣬ôˣ
СЦһǾүլӣԭȱǷ强ǮģơƼҵѾߣȻáúƤԻȣˣ
˵ܲ
һüͷһµСŸССѾߣѵˣ
һݣ̲ס̧ͷ￴ȥ
ʲôˣ㣬ЩȥݡСǳ⡣
ˡЩͷԣȻûƷˣ˵ƷƼҹеʵʹߣڼһԾŶүګҪ֡
ɶδŮɣ
ҲԡԶͷףǳɸһӡǰ;һƬƼҶҵ̬Ȼͬ
̧ͷȥȴͬԤƵĲͬ
ƷһȻС
ò˵Ʒ˳÷ǳƯԼʮ꣬ĸüĿϡмСģһӺݻȷǷ
ֻ۾ǰڵĿҲ
ƷһȺѾߡӣͷڵĨᡣ
ڻӱݵغһүˣ
һӣ˱˵
һŭҲ׵Ʒˣ˽ȥַӣʣôˣͬ˵ҵʲôʱ򱻱۸


071 
үңҡ
£ôˣһ΢΢һ£ʾӲú£һתͷƷˡ
ƷɶǴһ˿мͺںͶӲֻӬ޹ؽҪһ߸ģ
үҡӼԼҹڻˣ᲻ס¡Ҳһ첻µزµˣɴ˿ȴѾƷϵɢѹ̧ͷ
ǸɵڣƷһ˿⣺˵㸮˵һⰡ
ڵȷͷף㲻ϣǾΪ֮ˡ
ͣƷЦ浱Ĵһˣһβ;̵ȥˣڰڣ治֪ô˵㡣˵㱿ɣ˸ӪģҲ֪ôþʸ˸֪غ֪Ҳ⡣òң˼ǿַ̧ء¶˱һңõһ֪˵Ҳܲ˵Цƫƫһ㣬˴ʿףǰ˵ʲôʲôʱ򱻱۸֮Ļǲ
Ʒ˵Ļ˵һѪӿͷؽҧţ˫̲סճȭͷ
ǰûƷˣҲ֪δĸԼʲôǰԼ̬ȣŮ˶Լм
Ƽ˶Լ̬ΣڲģС֮ϣǶԼι֣ˡ
ҽҪһ˵ģݺͷдܵʱ򡣷ֲȥŮֲͬĸһӣ˴ϹþͰˡ
ǰƷһ͸˶һְڳһųЩ޷ˡ
ô˵棬ҲøһͬƷ磬ֻǿѹһҪѵڣΪҸ̾ˣɷ˲ȸԺ͸ͷеѧʡ֪غ֪ȡңǱһŹġƫҪ˵˽ף˳ȥȴλ˵
̧ͷηسƷ˿ȥ
ߡڵ䵽Ʒ˵Уɫһߣüиֳһ˿⡣
ȴͬ˵ٿһۣԸվԱߵιܼιܼƼҵܹܣ½լͳɶеĸҵܡڿӡҴ顣ֳһӵѪϵƽռҲöܹܣвɷһЩè֮˼һԻҲͰˣĳ˵ˣеȴֳĴ¡
ǡιܼҵͷӦһֿںͶһۣǵǡ
ȻҲǼˣɵϾʱĸ磬һֱûŮˡƽû˹ڹˣʲôʱʶ类ѹÿϢˡ
˿̣Ѿӣĵس˳ڵӣȦүǻ߰ɣﱾǵĵضҲҪġ
ӵֱ֣ͦţƷˣǻǵһμɡȥΪǸɵӣΪԼŮҸ˵£ڿ⣬ҲûκԹޡʵչҪսʤԣڲһɵӣˣƾѧҲС㡣
ѧʫһʫһ˵ǳϮİɡƷ˵ɫȴƽˡ
ϮһЦǷйۣϮ֪ĽҹϣѾ֤Լף˴Ż֪ɣѪ֮£ڲм⣬ҲֵһûԺ͸ԻڣɵȵԺԣ͵ƾ汾˵ԺҲûˣʱ򣬻Բơ
ԺͯԵһأǰأĿп֮󣬶Ҫר¼֮󣬲ľ
ûв֮ǰҲ֪Լõ˭ľӡ
ҹ磿ƷһæŸ֮ռӡķãæٸ˰֪顣
æһ֮Ʒ˵۱ϳԺ´һһʣҲϸ˵ֻش֮
˷ǳɣƷҲһͨԼδŮѡҲϡ
ƼڳɶĲҵЩҪãȴһլӣСۼϳ
˵סƷҲɣ磬ӹ£ڻʰ
ιܼҼƷһɻæһֽݹȥڽҹƪʫֽյһһ
ǰסҲɻæ˸УԵɣֽƪ³ֽϴҴҵظ˹һСϾ֮ģ׵һͨŭү벻ÿ
Ʒ˽ӹƪֻһۣòվ
£дʵƯŻ˷ָ
ƷҲǸʶˣοеҲһ֮ˣ˸ӣƽؿڣڣϮһ²ҥԣ㲻ɵӣһӡ
ӲӵģйۡԹ޵һ޵ڶѧģڲѧǳڵ쳣񵭣ȴǸղǾ仰ηҰңֻԺõŹһжˮʯ
еŭƽϢƪѾƷ˳״ˡƷ˾ʹ˴ӦԼСĻ£Ҳһ¡
ƿһԲĽ֡
ƷͻȻЦʫʲѾһУѵҲд˸ȷʵѵõ˲šҿиŵڻ¡Źһʿ𣬵ʱȻ˽͵£ٲ˳Դң˶ⶣ˹㸸ĸ֮ҲĿˡʱȢ˼ҵŮӣҴڽӴⱲӾ͹ȥˡ


072 
ⱲӾ͹ȥˡ
Ʒ˵дŵĳ˼вţΣһȢҵŮ
˾͵֪Ҫ˼롣
øŹҲͰˣͱˡ
׷˵ĻҲЦŹ˵ǿʼȷСǴҹ㣬ͨҲ䲻һѵͲҵĲѧδǺεȹ⾰
δƷҡҡͷ˵ǽڣҲΪܿϣҹˣܱ֤һнʿУֵû£
ΪΣ
ƷˣȷҳǸӣɲܱ֤֮һСƾٳϣ£߷ҪУ׾͹ˡУڹʮ꣬ʮ꣬һвˡƲвŰɣ˽Ԫ֮һӶٽһΣҲշתһʮʮٽʿнʿ˹٣ǾˣҲһѵҾԼŮһӿࣿ
Ʒ԰ѻ˵ˣ㲻ǺѡǱЩҪзǷ֮롣úûţ½ƼڣҲû۸㡣
ԭǷ˵ʵ˼ǲӦˡĿ⾼ؿƷˣ
ЦֱЦݶĻ
˶ɫ䡣
ιܼҴȣڣǰ񡭡ǡǿ
ЦϣŸʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ҳ̫Сˡҽšоˣ괺˽ʿԪڣεȹ۸УûƼǿȲڹ͵һ죬ڵŻѰ˼ӵܡЦǵ۹Ҳ;ĴƫƧ֮أʲô֣ڣȻʱ˲ãҵ䣬һݱǷ˵ġƼִⲻϽС޸ĳĳҲֳղ֮ˣӡڣ΢һȴ֮־˽ʿ֮ʱ֮ʣ֮Ǹƶ˵ɽɱӣģ
䡰׵ġ˵꣬һӣߣ
վסƷ˴ŭøСӣΪ˭ƾҲǰΪǽƣΪˣҳң޹ǵʱһţ㻹ûʸǰ衣
ˣˣ°ιܼæֺ֣ڣڣ°
žһǶ˦ιܼϣƷջ֣ܼңȰʲôﻹֲ˵һ֮ͽмֲᶡǰҿɼöˡˣǸҺȥ
˭ңٹգŹȾҶһйĶ񣬾Ͳѧ𣿡ڴЦſҪǰֵƼˡ
еƼ˶ηˡ
ںͶȥƷһڲ輸ϣׯϢѾ׵øֽһ촽òס
ιܼ̾Ϣһαأˡ
Ʒ˺һڲˮòƽŵܼңղ㣬÷ϡ
ң˵ūǲò졣ιܼ̲סʣˣȻ㶼˵ǸӣδǰȻǲ˵ģСҲ¡
㲻֪Ʒ̾ϢһͲ֪ƾô£ǧľţ˭ҿ϶˵УʲôʱСһӶвˣѲ嵶ҪһӿࣿУСʵڿɶ񣡡
ҧϴξȻޣܴ裬ϲ̡붼롣
ιֻܼܵͷ仰Ʒ˵ʵ뷨
Ʒ˰۾ﲻɳӣαأ
ƷˣˣȻϴʫʱǳϮͷһӵĲͷҲøЦƼʳԶʡһЦҲСӿǣܼң׷ȥ⻰ԭⲻ

ڲǸˣιܼҼȻ˹Ҳûѣ˳ֽӹ͵ݸ˶ӡ
ιܼҿһȦȫƣ⹫ӣūһԲ²죬˵㲻Ҫ֡
ڣ˵
ιܼң˾ǸӣҪϴдƼҵǷ飬һҪ¡񣬹ҲĴһĲӣƼҽףҲй⡣ֻ롭ֻ빫ҵү˵ȻȥүĻˡ
Ҳ˾񣬿ڣүҪȥɣ
ڹЦɷؼ䣬һҪƼңʲôͷˣôԵеǸ֣Եʿ֣
ͷһ󲽳ǰȥ
үȵҡӼæ׷ȥ
ιܼҶվ죬Ȧȴˣ˺⹫ӶӲ֮ˣ˭ҲȵͷֻС㡭См䣬ι֮а
뵽ڵһҳ
ܼңһУôҲ²
үɫÿӱŰں棬һǣȴʲôҲ˵
֣в𽥳̧ͷһȴѾУɶڡΧתͷһ̽ӻԶԶظš
ڸǷգȻҪ͸ŰɣҲùˡ
ҲߣɴԱһһɶеغ
̽ڶĽվװһģ
ֹһͻȻ䣬һ
̧ͷһȴһߴøһŰһ׳ϱһӣһֱͭ࣬ɤӺˣˣҶ
оȻĿ
һˣգ״ǣλ׸ϣСѣ󱦵ءţͲãֿڷԡǳզжԲסĵطǮǮûǮ˳
˿ɺãֱˣˡ̬ȣҵʵڲô
һ֣еȴࡣ£̲סվ߹ȥ֡
һ濴ЩŵȻ˵Ҳȴидµˡ


073 ˵еĸ
ߴɤżȴҽͷͭõ·ΧۡƶȻϷŹʱˮкͨ
ߵĶҲص۾ȥ
λڸߴӵԱߣĸߣͷȥÿü˶ѡ
˶ǺҲϻҲ˵̫ϻһӳһҾһһһʽ
׻˵ǹһߣһƬ
ǿ͹ΧҪһɨȥһ޴棬ŪúҲԲơ
ӵĹЩ֣ȴʽǳһһʽֶֿ죬ҲûκŲԾôһһԵú·
ȻִȴûٿƬ˰Щףһʹʵʵս󹦷ɱ˵ģȫȻûκλڵĶӣ˺Ϲսġ
Ϲս˶֪ս֮ǧһ𣬸ͲκУһһһǹһǹҪ̵ܶʱڽˡκͼ滨еˣòҪ̫졣
ɱ˵ĹսϹȻǽҵ汾£ܽ⣬δЩ㡣ڿִӰȥ˿ɽӰŵؼ֮ȻȤȱȱߵĶҲ̲ס˹ǷСֹͲÿû˼ý
ЦЦץһѳӵݹȥյģҲϧˣҹǾ˳
ͬˣӹӿ˼ţʣүôǸģ
ָǸ˵㿴Ļȫϼ룬ǳᵶǹҲĥôʵ
ӲΪȻֵصũҲôļӰ
ҡͷճͷȻҲܳӣֻڻڣٿǺӵʳָָڲҲк룬ͬͨũͬˡ
ӶȥȻȻ˺롣˵ʲôһɻ
ڣģʱҪʳָָмָСָҡ
ӻȻ򣺡ԭˣǲÿҲ֣үǰûִʲôط֪ЩġѵǴ￴ģŲţ֪£Ȼˡ
ȷʵûʲôÿġҲ÷ζӵеĹƤ֣Сʣ׼ؿջ
棬Ǿһһ۵ʹŹΪʵ̫ѿܿΧ۵İվɢȥһƬ
кߺأǺʲôʵѿоʵĿʹүүҪأĥˣʲôǹؿʯſש㾿᲻᣿
ǰүү򣬿㾫ʵġ
˶һͨ롣
Ǻ˵һ죬ִٵص˵ͷűȭȻλ׸ҪʵģҲ˽һȭ֡
Ż˵Щʲô룬Ҳʵڱﲻʲôֻðˡ죬ӵаӣһȭһŵˣ
һȭȴ͵վסˣоһͬѰĵط
ԭͨ˴ȭͲܷκִӵӰкķǰΪǵӰؼ
⺺ӵȭһͷһĺХͺ峿ճ¶ˮƤڿȥը죬ʾǿ
Ȼö䵽ϣֻýǴϡ
ѵǴ˵ָ֣
ȥǺӵĹǱ׾ѿȼСȥȥǼУɲǿȴûа֮ġ
ѿ
ˣʲôѽ
һ塣
Ƭ̣һȭˡǺӺͭ࣬ګګûڣھһȫɢˡ
æ˰죬ȴһǮҲûյ
Ӵؿеͭ࣬һƬ
ڵЩͬ
ǣ̽ţҲûӼͭȥ
ʣҪ뿪ȴǺ˹ȥ
ΪĺӵļòȵڹûУʲôʱӣ
ԭǿ֣ٿ޼죬죬ʱһ׼ǷǮ͵ȥǸĺӼһſϽһ˿Цݡ
죬ƨҸ㣬үүҲǿͬΪ߾һ֮֮飬Ÿѩ̿˵˾ͽ輸յġȴһ⣬вãƤŲүүǮɲƽģһмпڡϻ˵ǮտĽһץסڣǲ
ΪԼвػûбڷ֣ңҲǰԴ˵ģҪҪ𣬾Ǵ󷽷վǰô
ڲһС£ʲҪ
˵Ҳ֣һָ֣䵽տͷȴҷֻվ棺֣ٿ޼հɣҴչǮ͡ͻ㡣
˵ЩԥҲ֪ǮԼǻġ
һͻȻЦһҲһֹֻץסؿڣǮƾÿڽͷգŤͷտЦ磬ǻиŮҪŮʾˡ
ңһ飬һӣɨ˵С
ۣǸ̲סһŭһȭͷϣǷծǮ쾭壬ĻҶ֣㡣
Ȼȭһ䵽ϡ
һ£ȴһֻ֣ͷڵϲ
죬ǽҲǴˣͷһԱ߿ֵĿ󣺡磬Ҫ׽ȥȻŮʣ
˰ͷˣٵȼհɣϾһͬЧģ²֡
ȥǮߵʱһŻݣͭࡣ
űװղŴ֣ԱߵҲ֣ȴ֪ǵݡ
ȵ̽ˣڰ˰ͷŶԻؿջ
֮լסһӣȴûȥ룬ǻǰŵǸջȥ
м͸ýˣȿ꣬ʱ򲻹ڳɶǻ½򶼿ԡյһӣδֻڲҪΪܹúʱ䣬ʱֻԼѾ߼Աˡ
˵Ҳ֣һǸ˾ںһŪöЩţĶ˵үǾڸǣͦգɣ
СηرŰɷһӣĹһ
Ҳʼ


074 
£ֵеģСοŶӣȴ֪ľ˿ɲǺĸӣͿɰܻý
Ƿ˽ǮͶ·ⲻа·
ִᣬһзɳһĵ嵱ֺУ
һȴɲ¿˿ǡԱһΣǽĵسһשͷ书ٸߣҲ·ɵٵһשõ
ǣգվңҲûκЧשͷҲֻ׳İοɡ
֪ԼܻţӲһСŮӡһ˵ӣװһηӣԽ£Խ׼ηһӣﷸῼһ·ɱ
ǣʱʱعͷȥĿ⿴һۡ
ҲЩڣһĿ⣬ʶؽͷȥ
ν飬ž
һջҲûм·ȵͰȫˡ
ǰһͨȫǻҳһࡣߴͬһĺӴ˿ںţʱʱ³һڴѪĭԵǱֿ
Ҳ֪˶ãΪţھ·رس죬ߵǰסǼҿջǡãջСվڴſڡ
ڹСӭҾԭӣ㲻𣬽ôÿչ
һʱ䣬ǳɶˣ˵оˮԳʣڵĳʹÿջļ˷׷ǰʩ񣬽Ե⹫Ӵյü
ԱߵĶǽ
ڵһЦһȻС˵סЩӣȴķˣְС徻Ϸʰһ
СЦüëˣеģеģ͹ǰסǼ䣬񻹿أСľȥ
Щ֣ЦʣӣݻúõģôˣңЩʿүǶϲȴҪջСίʵ̫ס
ڣ徻徻ζֵζ֪β̬ıԴԴһִСĶ֮ҲഺļʹȻʹľͻȻʹõһжܺ档˵ڣ߲·̬ǲǳʵ
Ȼ˵ʲô˻һУȻǴʿ
̲סֳһۣȴں棬ηηضڽ
˵ʶʲߣ˵λ󣬹Ҳסˡ
ڵСҲסǳһԭɱҲ֪ǷҵķǮûУ
򬼸䣬֣С磬⡭ʵûǮӻ
⣬ǸյģأСЦɻûЦ꣬ȴһͭأȥˣ
һǵͨ죬˵Ҳˡ
ʲôˣС춯صش󺰣̲סȥһߵĶϣҲף֪ǿͭǮƹ֪ҲⲻҪԴӿɱ㺦ˡͷͭ͵ͬǮһͭ࣬ͭǮٺüģôˣȷʵǲСʧ
˵ŭСֺݺݵ߳ȥš
Ѱ⼸ţ͵ڵ϶áҲǿζûһ£ֻϱһӵĺˮ
ںͶһЦףԭҲסջѹһ·˹
ȴ˴ˣЦ
ʵ˵һͭҲֵǮִС˵У˹Σ󷽵סһӣһСͷϡ
ϧȴûе˼ĵŲأ
֮ˣпɺ֮
˵ͨãҲû˼ͬ򽻵
һСʡһۣʰ㡣
ȻЦ⹫ӣСȥ䡣
仹Ǹ䣬һӣסݣס档
һȿü羰ķ䣬ƿܿԶ̨ͤ¥ϧûܽػûꡣ
ʪؽٳǵʫҲʱյĳɶ
Сʰ귿䣬Ҫʱ̲סʣСǸʲôˣôסڿջ
νָ֣ڻЩ档
ɱС̲ס˿ĭ΢΢üͷ
С˵ʤǴӰı߾˵ǵ˹ٳϳ˾ӣĴͶ˾ɲ֪ôȴسɶˣǱҲҪɡ
Ǹԭ𣿡ǵطںܴ󣬺ԭԭʤذʱ߹ĺɫ㡣
ԣǸԭ벻Ҳ֪ʺĵطС˵ӳɶȥˣһһȥǧ·ֲߣ˻һ£̲Ѿþ֮ŮֲˣǷ෿ǮҲѵͭϽգɲȴ㶪ˡˡ
Сһŭ


075 ˿ƽһ
ˣǲиŮǷ˲˵ǮǰǸ˵ҪŮʵĻЩ档
иʮģӲɣݵúһƵģǸ첡СǸϻӣԼĻʱЩ⣬ش˵ŮСӾͷȿԣƽռ˲εţһҲ벻ⶫֻҪͣҩͻɡ
߾ʱ򣬺ǸС죬¹Ͻ£˸˳
Ĵ֮󣬹ӣ̲ѾþǷ˵Ǯ˵ջķǮѾϰϵţȥˡ
һССľ٣ʲôǮǧ̯ôһ˲εԵŮнɽҲⲻסͭ࣬صˡСǳ
˵סڿջУмãȥ¥ԾơڽͬƷֵò죬ݲݵͬͬ˼䣬лǵ룬ֶ˼ҳ飬ϴЪϢˡ
ϾԺԣǰһʱ䵽棬ǸһֱûбҲʱ״̬ˡ
쿪ʼѿͷٱ飬ЩѾء
Թڶӵķ˴ȴͻȻԼѾкüûξлصִᣬʧˡ
һʱ䣬صִĴԽԽ١տʼʱһȥһΣһΣһΡڣȻûйɣеʱ춼ȥʱҲûһ˯
ͬʵҲ˱仯жʧʱԼûȥʵͻᶪʧʱ䣬ûȥӦǱͶʧʱ䡣
ڹ۲˺ܳӲܽĹɡ
һ쳹׻زȥˣָô죿
Ȼ仯ԼζʲôڻЩ
ԺﴫһСŮӵĿСѹ֡ھҹԵú
ʱѾũµףѮˣԽԽȡĴصʪأûпյ͵ȵĹŵ佨ȵܡ
ڼһʹһ˵͵͵¶¶ɾĿۣҪٺȿҩ
˵ʤдŴȰ
Ҫˣÿ࣬ҲҪҩ϶Ů˵΢΢Ϣ
¶ٺһڰɣҩܹģҲϧˡס
ǲˣôţˡŮӵĿЩ뵱Ϊҵ壬ųԿն˾֪ˣ˸˳Եı£ôҲ䵽ءŮûŮҲóôࡣ
һ˵һСԡ
ŮޣǻֽţסȰοն˾һͬҲԸû£ҲŹҵģͬûϵ㻹Ǻһڰɡ
ôҩԲϣʲôҩ
ڱŮӿ޵ķң
ߵݣȴѾſ˯ˡʵȣСһǼһëëϸ͵Ź⡣
ЦЦֽŷᣬš
Ǿ࣬ػ˸֫ƣȻ˹ȥ
ЦЦϴ˯ɣС
ôȵ죬ôɸôϾȡСѾͷ۾Ժվôû˯
ָָ̫⡣
ѹߵڶŶţһǳ⣺ҹĳʲôò˯ˣ
£徲
죬ص⹫ӣСһʱΣˡľ˶Ǿλ¡ĶǵĿУֱǸ߸ϵĴ
ӻһѣˣҲǿˡ
ҹڴҲ֪˶ãһȺ˯ȥ
ΣȻֻصִᣬͼݵĽҡ
Ҳûʲô飬һ
˼ѧоϣȶ꣬һôȥˡϵʱ£ҳ˷֪һפǧҪǷ˹ض˾ˡν˹ض˾ڵءϹϽʵɵصйطʵеƶȣɵص˾Ϯطһְһƶٶֱ꣬Ӻʱʵи֮ǲפش󳼡
ҲΪˣϵ壬۹಻ô⡣طפĴȻܲط٣Ǳš
ڶʱص
糿ʣöڴѧһ׳̫ȭͳ˷ţߵԺһһʽش֡ޡбʽҰס
ԱɽĻơϴơơˡ
Ƭ̣ѾȫչоޱˬڸҪжӴˮϴȴһáתͷͿһڴվһߣ۾ؿԼ
ڱ񿴵òڣ΢ЦŴк硣
ڵʺŪ÷ǳִ٣裬ʰַûйֻùҾС˼⹫ӡ
𡣡һһﲻǸָҲ֪վô¡ʵϣԽ֮ڷʱյִҲûʲô˵˼Ϊ̬Ҳô¡
봩ˣҲûʲô˼ҲѧֶΪһֱһصɴڷǳ档һߣβһ¡
Це˵ղŽкãȭʲôط
С˾ãȭʵҲȭҲϷǿĹ򡣲ǳȥȴǿ˺ôЩ䵱ɽζ


076 ˿ƽ
۹ǲС˺ܶҩûáһʿȭ˵ֻҪʮ꣬Ӿͻڵͷ˵̫ȭԴ䵱ɣ״һ۾ͿԼղ׳̫䵱ɽζȷʵ
Ǵ˵ʵʷϣ̫Ժس¼ҡȭӦ֪ġ
ʱյʷѾͬܶණĿȫˡ
ڳԾ黹ں棬ܵһ๫Ŀ佱˵һӹԭˣǵʿӦþ䵱ɽĸˣϧ
˵̾ϢһС˿ӦһӦȭǲȭľ裬ϧˣûѧ׿ھ
ˣȷ˵̫·࣬ȭ·ɢֺͶ̴ÿ׶ȭھʲôҪԲţʵ⹥ۿʹѳѡ
⽲ʵս
ȭĺ
عӵĻȭȷʵһһա
ѧʱڸѧһף֪һЩִֻѧ̫͵һõ٣Ҳɸ֡
ôһ˵ڴΪ⶯ĵǲ
ִ˶иڣҲס
ǿڵ˼˵һȴϿô򵥣Ҫʦϴҩģʲô˲¹ߵ飬ôʳڼУСϰһʮǶͣҲǰ״һΣ಻Ǹ˿һԺ
˵̾һ
ڰԵͷ˵䲻Ϊǿ壬Լ˵ÿϼǧ׾ܹﵽһЧûҪԼԼ˶ӣ´λִᣬɴѳ̫ȭʵսֵɢֺͶ̴ĿھˣҲû֡
ӴСֻŻعӵĻҪСŮͷˡ
ãȥɣ·ˡڵͷ
æһͷղţȥ
ڱȥϴˢͻȻһ¡ͬ̽ʶҲ֪ʲôϵ˵ǰӴαشдһ˵Ϣ
΢һھ⣬Ҳݣֱţȥ
ߵطиŮԣȻ¶ôų㣬һڡ
ʵڳԲȥˣûθڡ
¶ƽռʳôСģôˣɾӲá
ãոоЩ
ǾͺãǾͺáһٳһڣ¹ԹԵЪţóȥһˡ
ҪȥˡǱȥɣŪͭ࣬С˵úܡ˵ĶҲ࣬Ǳ˴˰ɡ˵ǡ
ڶȥţൾݣһСŮڲݶϣһ̰ϵࡣ
ľҨݺһȥιԼŮգһĴ顣
ûû˴򣬳նһ£ѰʮӽֻҴ˼ҵģôܱ˴򣿡С˵ţæͷŤһߣͿڡ
æղӣ֣ԭ⹫ӣֺڵġ
һ֣޷ǽһ˵
Ŀ䵽ŮϡСѾͷݵøһҲ͡ٵҲӦò
Ҳ֪ʲôģϾȻһޱ
˵ʵŮøһ˵ҪʹҲ˵˵ŮʱпͶͲȥ
ǡӦһ͸˳
ʣҿͬͦģ˺ǽİɡһ߾ľˣôʶǣ
ԭҲ֪ǽѽʲôݣǿĴһʿϵȻʶġһпһţǰʱǱ߾ӣ˰꣬ͬʶɵɶҲʲô١
ŶǵĻ˼ǷǵǮǷ˶٣
ͨ죬Ҳ࣬ʮǰСȥͶ˾ͷȣֻͷϡǷӡǮģ˭ǽ衣ΪֻҪ˵ͷСͬ˾֣ʮծҲס˭룬Ϲȴˡֻܣֻת˳ɶ񣬽ǵǮѾʮ
Ūʤ̽ӵĹϵ֮ȴûȥֵҲһգôʵͣҲھһӵģôҲܻЩսҲܵøְ
ӣоϹԼȥˣʲôʱֵõЩСС˿౿׾ֲֺˣԡԡ
ŶˡʣŮô£
´£Ͳס£СҲ֪ô£ǰһֱȥ˵ֻҲ˼ֻ꣬ܿ˲εһһ졣
ڣǣѾûǮҩˡ
˭˵ǣҵ¶һ¾Ůҧ촽һ˿Ѫ
нסһͬ飬̲סǮݹȥȻƽ޹ʵذȴԩͷ
ڻ˵һæȻǮٲġˣŮҩѰϡ
Ҳ˵ͨһڵϣֻסͷֻĵöͷȫǻҳ
ʱǿţԼڵʱ˵Щʲô֪ͨ㡣ڶȥС˵


077 󶯾
źһ֮ڵݸʤһӣŮҩÿջС⸸Ů˼ɾķ䡣
һȴ˿ûи߱İͷĹιƷΨжߣ˾ĵλũ񻹵͡
Ǹʵˣڵѩ̿мòסᣬǧл
ڶԽԼһɻϸ룬϶Ϊ֮һ¶Լͬ¸ûκιϵȴǣȥʵ˵ġˣȥԼˣ˳̽̽ڷ硣
ϧڶ˵ţйȥʲôطʲô참һȻ֪
ˣֹ˼գۼվ͸ýˡ
ԺͯԵһأֻҪ¼ȡܻŹһϵ˰۵Żߣ۹ͳν׼ᡣ
ˣֻҪ˹ھͿɽѧ߸ѧȥÿ¶׵ãڵһٶӼҵ½һС˼ңΪδǣͯԽ֮ϾǣȻ͵øȥǲμӽʿơ
ĴȥǧҲ֪һٶӹûк֮ǣҲࡣ
ϵʵ̫ɲڲСġ
˵ͯԵǰԴĦٵĿζЩ·һأӶûκôľ֮󣬹ٸ¼Ȼֽס֣㿼һҲ֪Լľ˭ľӡ
ֻеŶ֮˺ڣ֪ûء
οԣ־ڱصãǰ¾Ϳʼ׼ˡⷶľ׼ףܵ
ɼˣΪˣڻǾЩҡ
ǰͷһ죬ûкȲ裬ʧߣûھ˴׼񡣾ʱȴ˵˵Ѿ˳ɶѾԼܽ¥Ծƣ˵Ҫǵʡ
һӴԾ𣬲˶ӵæţ͸ϵ¥˸¥ſţǡ
ܽ¥ֺʵҲͨ¥˵ż䣬ȴֻüţ¥Ҳûˡ
һƣһ輦ƬһλףƬ̣¥졣
ķ϶пȥͿձؽţӭһ档
Ϊֻһ磬˵š
Լ棬Ѿڵָ㣬˵ҪǶ˵ʡţͿһǮãȻ
Ҳվһ߸־ƣŴӻͳӵݹȥСĵ֣ţ֣ǻǵӡ
һֻţѿһӣô㣬ҼǵǷʮˡ
ګګ˵λֵܣһǮӢۺʵûа취ˡæ⼸죬Ŵô㣬ȨϢʣµġʣµġȨ޼ա
ģҲԳӢۣţҪһ֣ˣȻȻϢҲԾβͬƽˣͿ㼸Ҳ޷
л˼䣬ǲôվԱߡ
ţҲϾ˵سԾ˵л
Ա˰죬ҲûõκõϢĿȥһվһߣֻסظǶ˵ơ
ڲ㱻Цһʵ̫ʵˣ¶첻ãһϹ۾
޿ֲ̣ȥԱֻھ٣ۼɫ
Ҳ֪˶پƣţˡ
ͻȻϣָһƣ֣ǰȥѰǣȴûˡ򣬻ܶ໹һӵġСŮʵ̫ÿҩ͵Ǯӡ
˵ŮǸǮ˼Ůͼ޳ȥܵһʲ첡ӣû˿Ҫ˵ٵһӣв죬һ
Ҳ֪ȥˣ
ûԶ½򣬰ģ֪ǰջˡţҲǷǳջ𣺡ֵ½գȥ˲ٷǮǧ鲻ãҲ֪ʲôʱʡ
˵ȥ½򣬲һߵһ˶䡣
㼱ʲôȰѰӰƼҵĸֵ֣͹һˡ참͵ðִӡ
˵ͷϣҲ˲Աߡ
˵ü򵥡ȷƼˮǧӲҲû˼Ūӡţ˿ܣһη壺Ҳǵ˽˵˵˵ǧıǲǵ컨
󣺡˵׼˵ˡǧӿ˭˳ۣüֶĴ򡣻УǧǸУǱɳǸʲôŴ򣬶ǧȣû²˴βò˴ˡ
Ǿˣ϶컨ţ˿СֹģͷúܣųȥǮûջսЩѰΪӣԴһʣȴ¡ӣǧĶͦȥˡɥʲôģֵô¡ҿɰȥˣǺã
ţҲҪģҿⰸͨģץץˣʲôʱץͷ˵㡣վҪˡ
ôˣ͸ķ϶ȥڿţһϱɫ֮һûйĶˣȻȴڸô󶯾ɡ


078 ·
㶮ƨȻϢţҪͨöࣺϿ֮д˱顣˳˵ʲôҲû˸ҹܣҲˡȴͬһҿǵõȷϢġ
ǣʲôѽţһֺãǧĸǿ֪ģǧʲô㡣
Щ⣬˵ҲԱߵУҲǸһ
ţҵ˸Ϣ֮ǧҪȥǸ߾͡ĴߵǧλþͿˡٺ٣ǧǰһӻ˵ȡһ¡
ѵҪǧλáţһæֺã磬ռҲֵܰɣˣɵЯһ
˵˵Եãͷֽŵ˵Ӱɣ֮˵Ҳûʲôǧ򲻸ã¡үۣõġΣ֮ƼҲҪùˡֻǣ»ͷͷǣǵŸҲЩӣҹͷҲˣյĹƼ군ˡ
˾ţ𺳣Ҳݷס
л֮ʱţȴͻȻ磬ƼҶҶǷƵĴûᣬ¾նᣬƼͷռ˱ˡ
Լ֣ѹȥ
̾ϢһǰɶȻ츮֮ǽҪְǼطԱһ굽ͷҲ첻˼񾩳ĵˮôò״ôᣬ۾ɶء
ţˣôôǣⰸȥˣͬƼг𣬾˵ΪƼһڻһ¡˵ҲȢС㣬λӲѡôȥǱ˽ȥ
󣺡Ͳ֪ˣ֮ͬϵСǱ˾ٱˣ˵֮լæ顣еĺܶ£ɫʡΪʵ̫ǧҲҵԳ̽
ԭˣ˵ǳɶһӡ˭˭ҪָӮ˼ĲѧҲеġ´˺ֵˣҲ֪жޡ
˵ڵ۸ܣ˱֮ϳԺ֮٣ѾȢƼС㣬һɢ군һˮǽں۵Ĺڷǳϸϸ˵ʵǧҲ׮ӣǽֻѲź֪һɹԱˣ͵ˡۼȻٱͲװſ´󣬻Ǳȥˡ
˵Ҳں
ںñֻһ뿪ȥ֪ͨƼҡ
ǰҲⱾ⣬ȴûа취˵֮ȷʵ֤ݣܾ콫Ϣݹȥ֮ǻۣصء
ֵ˴ԼһʱʱѾ˰ҹţˡ
ҲûȥСֽʣд֣ȴ飬֪дЩʲô
ʱͻȻСӣղ˵㡭ǿЩ߰ɡ참ӣ㹫װףҲⲻҪĥˣҵҲⲻ˵ġ
ӣɲڵķ񡣡ǰȥԺԣӹһ٣ԺҲֻͨˡˣһ⡣Ƽ˴ѣȻƷʵڿɶ񡣵Сҵδޣ֮ƽ۽ʹܣ
Ҿ£ɡ
ζӱܡ
ͨһ㣬侲ʽղһϸдֽϡ
д꣬ͨһȴڵϣӣνءʤǸˣȴָ֪дνˮ֮ӿȪ౨ʲôԸ˵Сϵɽ»𺣣ϧ
ʤ𡣡ижһѽ𣬵ܲܰҴһȥ½֮ȥǸղ˵ͷվͻᴫɶ²˳٣֪ͨƼңһҲܵ顣
ǣСϾͶ
ˣѹأֻ³ȥġЩա
ӲõģһǽѣסʤһĽ
ãǾͺáŮﲻõģ㲻ڳɶգһöչġ
ллӣСȥˡ
ֻصջʱھʱȥ˯Ҳûκ塣
ӻû˯ڻȻһͨԹ
ڲöӵģҲûͬ˵ֻԼһȥ½öչһŮ¶
ӵ˵ͷ˵¶ŮͦģܲáͼæΪ׼õĶ׼緹
һͨæµһʱȥˡ
ӱҪڹȥģֵ¶ӣСæȥ
ԺԿڸѧҲᳵ·ǿϴ࣬Ҳûϴθôҡ
ֻȴ֡
ԶԶؾһȻסٰӦϼϵʲôǿɲң£
ԣɲҵĵطʿҲǷ׷׻ȭͷȺ鼤ߡ
֣Ⱥһͷкˮ
ȴϰٸʿΧһǰӦϼͿţ
ΣţŽķϿ崺һ¹ӡ
ңǽ참ӣ˭ţţ֪ӦϼݣסЦƷһƷ֥١˵㣬ƷĴԱֵҲ١ϻûУˣߣ·ˡ


079 ʱ
ԣһǰھ¥ϳԾƣô͹ץˣѵˣ
ĵسȺмȥ
óţǸûʶˣƫƫִڽǿճȾµһĿ
ƽռԴˣĴٳϵ˼ҲǱ֮Ωֲ
ˣһӦϼһССƷ٣Ҳ¡
ӦϼԼӣţ˵һ仰ǴЦĵϣֻһԲϣҪˡ
⻰һ䵽Уоͽһ⣺ţȻƷͣ˼ȴǺԺıޣ󣬲ǵġ
ĺԺȻûʲôȨɵλȻ߼Աĵطзǽʿ뺲֣ǺֲΪĹءˣԺѧʿд֮ơһ˵ĹԱҪڸһȵڿƾлúΣȻٱѡԺޡ
Ȼµһ˽⣬һƷ֮󣬾Ϳսط֪֪ݣ۴顣
һ׸߼ĹϵȷһܳԱ֮󣬾Ϳεˡ
̺ЩŸɵζҲٳԼ׳ɵǱ
ڿӦϼսԺڵطѲ˳ɶԺԣƷǳͣɶ֪֪ͬȲϡǰȴһƬ˵ڸһ
ǰҲھǽ˾ɹһӣ۽ţȻҪöࡣ
ţ˵֪Ҫ㡣
Ȼţ˵һ˵ڣڿһ
ǰӦϼŭЦؿţһۣô˵ľҲҪһͬˣһССĽ˻ûСǱõĽֺξ֮СѲҰҰӦϼҲץˣ
ûжץȨȨҲҪʵ۵ͷУһطɳС䣬ûȨ
ߣ㱻ץˣ˻֮أ˾͢ȶãɳȫҰӦϼһǻǡ
ôţŭһ־ͳ˰
ɡ󾪣æС
ңӦϼŭХΧĿҲӡ
ң˰ˣڼˣҲȺг˳ڰӦϼǰ¶Ƕ㲻ȥģԼĻ֪ԺĿֻҪһţκ˶ܽԽܿšǷɣǹƶȡ
ֻҪԼܹ˳뿼ܹõĻڣʱ䣬㹻Լһĺð취
ðСڳˣ߰ɡͻȻ˳˶һʱţٺһЦҪȥڵļ򣺡Сӣ·㲻ߣƫ·ˡ
һŨصľ˱Ƕ
ס֣ӦϼѾطŭˣһƽţĿ޹ʿӣôӣ֮УɲӲ񣬻𣿡
ǽţЦʲô޹ʣں֮д飬ϷƼң֮ڡƼһСʲôͬǧ˵ȥ
Ȼÿ죡Ȼһж֮Уڻ̲ס𺳡
ӦϼȴʣòˣҲõȵԽ½ָʹˣҲ仰һͬץˣ򣬻ȥǵǧŰӦϼĵɡҹײŴ䣬ǵˣ
Ϊ˭һСС̶֥٣ѲɻдۣŻ˭ѽӡţãԱߵĿɫһ䣬һѽס
Ȼ󳯰ӦϼЦϴˣСˣ¡
ߣӦϼͷػ˻ӣھߣڣ˾ӽȥ
ţȥ󣬻ʲôأҲԼ
Ц˲дӣֱӰӷŵӰǰ
ʲôţһһССƷ
ţ㲻֪Ժʲôˣ˵Ҳܹڻʵǰ˵ϻˡչأƾһ㿼ʮ֮ͽֻҪ˿κ˶ûȨȥץˡдһȥ״ҪԲ˶ߣֻǵǧҲҪܵǣֵҲ˼ǲܣΪ׵ذߣȴӦϼǿˡ
ԭ⳯͢һͨô֪ţЩɥѲɾͲץˣ
ڲץȿ˵֮Ǿ͹ţһ֣Ҳõƻƾٵʱ참Ҳ
ԶԶԣ֮ţͷ磬ȥ½ƼңǲǸʲȴֵܱܡ
΢ЦƲӲûг򣬻ȥ


080 ٱѳ
£ӦϼҪھֱ֮ȥ
Ժһ׳Ҫǳ˿̣еĿڵһ볡ⱾһҫڳɶμӿԵ֮ͯУǵʲõĵһˡ
ȴûо˿ĵ⣬зһء
ողſǻ͸¶Ϣ֮ƼѾˣԼҲǣ˽ȥֻ쿼һԼͻᱻ׽Ѷ
Ϊ˵ֲĴʡȻһʱʷ˽⣬ڲŷʵϣνKGBʵǰɱ
ӹԱеںмίûﵽһ𣬻ûʸǵگܹõļһ⣬ԺܶԱ˵۵㣬һֵÿҫ׳٣һ
ʵϣǰڼ˭ûȥ磺ơʱξĺ𡭡
ڱץ£ڵûʲôɺµġʵʷϵگһƬڴլŵĽȺȥ֮ҲκŰ
ֻԼ⵽ѺӸô죿УƼҳ£СΪ˵ŮȴĽʲôʲôˣ
лʩԮ֡
õġӦϼϲĿ⿴һۣǱ鱾ոտдòﲻƽԻʣԻȡ塣ǧˣӡƽźûиϴ֮ʿǸԵľӣúÿУҲɳȫһʦѻʦҲΪôһе
˵Ӧϼ΢ѹֲסеļ
лˣʧġ
úúáһ˵˼ãӦϼ˻ӣٲ˵
˶Ŀڽ˿
пЦʲôȡ壬ĪܵǣǱͬһǮϵҲûУ˭˭ˡ
ƽȣǵ÷ӣܲܶȹѹء
ǣ֮ⱾѾ˻ʵۣҪ˳أֻ²ôס֮⣬ȻֵԽԽãڱƽǣȥȴһƬɬ
Ҫ֮Ƽңܣֻ취ԼƲ塣
ôʲô취ˡ
ʵڴһʼͷҲû룬ֻҪ׷ȻǴ»СС»ˡǣͬϵҲûУҪӣҲҲ·
Щջˡ
ԣȿ֮ڻڻ֮Уʲôˡ
Ҳ֪˶ã콥һ죬ϼյÿһƬʺ졣
¶һߣʱڴ̻˻ߵؽšＷ˼ٺˣȴȻĥīͷӵзš
ԺֽԣĿԡҲûʲôС⡣һ죬ͷһԣһ⡢ѧߡӹһ⡢ӡһ⣬ɣڶڵգһ⣬ʫһ⡣
ĿʵʷһҲͱڱù졣ǰգΪԷһ׼׷ģֻ赽ʱĦٵĿζҺʵķĳȥˡ
һһҹзô£Ѿûӵ˼ֻ˼
վӻһʱ䣬ʱȥˣҲһʱ
磬ȵҪ˵СĿƵøһͨҲȵ
Ӵ￴ȥԺѾ̫ɹ÷ףڶ𣬿Ťˡ
м۲ͣضľ裬ˮʯϡ
οԵȻǺԺİӦϼ֮⣬ʡᶽѧ͸ѧ⣬һȺ¼ַȹ
ȵаԣ£ȵǣҲ֪ҪȳʲôģʡᶽѧǸӣȡ˿̣ǼɫѾˮȫ͸ͷϵĺ¡Ӳסţȳķȴ⡣
˭˵ǰѧѾ˲ˮ΢ЩȵԴǡ̾Ϣ˶˵ЩѧƽռΪ󣬳ÿͯԺһĴȣƽռ䶼ңڲ˵¡˭֪еĿͼϵĵжأ
˭˵ǡѧյس쿴һۣˣûá
һСĵصүҪڣ˰ñժ
ѧͷɿǰΣİӦϼͰ˰ͷ
˵Ҳ֣˽֮󣬾һֱĿʱˣͦñֱɹ𪣬һκˮ򣬵־η
ѧͻȻЩګګϣЩȻʿӣȴЩ鷳
ˡѧڵͷˣȥµ֪ۡ㿴ûС˵ɽݵԺԾˣٶ˹䡣ҲСһЩЩˮʿǡ
ˡѧ˵ǣҪȥš
ʱһֱ۾İӦϼȴ۾ľȻȥԿ˵ҲǸ飬ٿһ¡Ҫɺͳ
ѧô˵ǾˡȴΪȻЦЦȷȵˣ˵˵ãҵȴЩˡ
ЩңվߵǰʣдЩʲô±ʣȴʹдһ䣺켱Գɳɻء
һʱȴЩ⡣
дʫ䣬ԱߵĸѧȴЦޱľ£÷ֹ𣿡
ѧҲЦ˵ʿ껹ǲŸ߰˶ܹĿ٣Ҳ⼸ѧ
ѧڣ˭˵أڵĲŻԣ϶ҪؽʷģҲٲһʡ
ӦϼͻȻʣڿʼûУ
ûСѧһǣ̾Ϊ֮һˣһûд
ѧҲ̾ϢǺãϧôһӡ
ùܣصùˣʲôɾͣӦϼֽ۾ˣȻ֮ΪҲգֱ޺֮䡣̩ɽǰɫ䣬ͻХںĲȡףһǻѪӣѵǰݣ˲Ĵ¡
˶֪Ӧϼ˵֮һжЩѹ
ʱһһţת۾Ѿ硣ܶ࿼Ѿ˵һ⣬ʼ緹
УϢڻûʼ⡣
ѧ͸ѧڶüͷѵ˵Ѿŵʧ


081 ϣҪ
ڵһβμƾٿԡ
ԺͯԵһأֻҪأܻŹ߱μʽԱԵʸһޱȽҪȻͯԣɶԹ˵򵥡ܶʮ꺮ȴһżˢ
ҪͬĿգʽĹԱԣԺ൱ڿСִĹԱԣְܶλҪоѧ
Ҳֹһͯһأ˵ʽĿƾӦʲôӡǰ죬ΪҪôȵڿա
У߿ʱҲȣҲܡɸ߿ôڽ֮󻹿Իؼңȿ꣬ͳȥ
̫СĿûеȣûпյƫƫݶְֵֻ־Ѿɹ÷̵Ƭ
ڿ˴ԼһʱѾһͿʼ¿˿еĳǳ򵥡һשͷɵСһһ׿ӣһСʡľͰһװˮһڿŵͰá
ľͰʽҲûʲôһݣŪ졣
һ뵽֮飬оЩңôĬĬڿп˼ܲ
׻˵ң˰죬ȴҲһͷ
ʱ컹ţΪ£ҲûſӡͬһеĿҲûʡӪ˶ҹäϾҹҲࡣΪ˷ӣǶѡĿ
ȵһʿڶ
ܿ죬ĥīеĿеʾͬ¾
Ŀ֮Զֻĵף̧ͷȥܹؿ濼ģ
ڶǸԼʮͷͷѾףǸͯҲ֪μӹٴοԣʶ;ˣҲֻƵĥīһī֭ĥãƵغ˼ˮ˵㶫žӿ˰죬һֱûʵļ
е飬ƽܻţܻţԽԽ벻취鲻ѾԹҲ⡣
һͻȻԼһ죬һ벻취һ⣬ȲңԼƽȻڰͷβһ飬ͷյϣܷҵͻƿڲ
ϡ۾һûҪϡ֮һĿǰСǰʷϺûмأҲ˵Ӧûķ粨ٲһ˵¼ȻˣӦò󡣿νģȴҪ飬ܹҵķӡʵڲУͰʷصôˡ
ţҵϻصִᣬõİ취˯ܲдԽʵ硣ʵǿѶֶΣҪӲˮʯ򵥡͵վ̲סһ£濼Ǹͯŵ̧ͷһۡ
ͨһ㣬һ졣
ʱѾ磬Ǻʱʮһҡ
²˳٣ſϽ۾ϡ
Ȼһҹû˯ƣúҪɢˣɾȴ쳣Ŀܣȡſ˰죬֪첲ѹ÷飬ȴ˽Ҳ˯š
⣬ô˯أڵͨ۾Ρ
û취ֻֽԴ̧ȥͯѾʼݸˡ
ڿͯ΢΢һЦسڵ˵ͷԼǾʿǰѹɽͯ±ʣ˴֣һ֣ʹ򿪿Сĵؾ׽
Ϊ˷ֹдڽʱĸõгɻ״СĿ
ΪҪڿ죬֮ǰҲʮű
Ŀѿʼ緹ҲоЩˡ룬Եñ˯ţҲ˯Ѷ˵
ӱܺóԣΪȣûмʹлֻ˵ӣһҧȥȴ㡣
ľͰˮζЩŹ֣һɳ긯ľĳζ˵θڡ
ӳŵ԰ϳһȺЩ⡣
ҲûſϣܸɴЬȥ
ʵ̫СשɵСֻһĿ˯ȥֻܽ塣
ҪϣӵϷǳƧͨӦúŪ֡ȥ֮һ¡ҲֻܸϽ绰æȻҲҪʱ䡣ڻã¡
Ҳ֪˶ãʵ˯˹ȥ
ʿôˣѧ̲סժɴñšһʪ޽סزϵͺ
һۻصشүĻС˸ȥںѾ˯ˡ
ڣǡôȵ죬ôҪĿԣȻ˯󿼹һ
ʿҲȻԡѧ̲סһ
һֱĿİӦϼҲοص˵ͷӲǸסˡ
˵˻Ự͸
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬һ紵˽ѧһá
̧ͷһӰȻб


082 
ѧûʲôֻЦŶߵĸѧڵȵģһˣżһЩ硣ѧͬѧͬꡣʱͬΪͽʿ
Աһ棬ȵ۸Ρˣѧ͸ѧںУ˵ҲЩǶ׳ĺԺްӦϼЩη
ѧڣǰôȥ캵ˡϷЩ⼸꣬ýҲ䡣˵ɽǱߣˣ´ѩ˵׼ôȥյӿɾѹˡ
˭˵أĴҲһѧǰһȥݣǱߵﶼɵѳˣϣһꡣ
һ꣬ȴ֪һұ仯ǰҹƻʮ꣬Ȼͻʷѧҿ˵Сڡ
ֻһûʶһѡ
˵֣ڿİӦϼǱٳͳġ־ġڰϣжվ
ѧڣذ˵Ļʱ
ӦϼڴûУ˿Σ˸ͲϡԺÿڶй̶¼ȡ棬ʱҲð𼸸
ֻҪ¼ȡĿнһܹнʿ˵һҫ顣
ӦϼѲطĴҪΪѡμ˲šʱҲеļʫʵһ顣ֱڵƷ̲֮סڽкãвһ󼤶ڵľŻ˵ʿǰҲˡԺԣ˿βҪȴһҪ¼ȡġ
ʣѧһûע⡣
һԾæλˣСĹȥ
Ҳãȥ̽ѧͬоɣҲǹ͵˵ͷ
Ƭ̣ͻˮ˹һĹŹ֡
ôˣЩס
λүڣ
ôˣӦϼϵؿһۡ
Щڳԣ˯
ʲôʿ꾿ڸʲôáѧ͵վӣвʱվˣȻں˯дڿʼӣֻҲЩˡ
ԺԵһĿϿƪ˹ÿƪ˰ٵһǧּ㣬дҲ˶ʱ䡣
ɹ˴ëʣëдȻ첻ңһ˵δ¼ӵ˲壬ùصĹݸģһһؾսսٶ֡
ңҪУдø壬Ȼڸϴݸ壬ȵȷ֮󣬲ųʽľ档
һһȥֵûϲϹ
ˣһʱ⣬Ժܶ࿼˵ȴЩȡ
ѧҲлңͿڡĴʿеĵλű⣬вˣǲ͹¡浽һҲ޹⡣
̧ͷһ۰Ӧϼˮüͷ
̲סˣҪҹȥ
Ҳȥѧ
һȥӦϼ˵ͷ
ǣһʿӾȵĳˣͬʱӴ˳ɫҴңǳʲôһ
пëʣؿ˹ȥ
ȵӦϼߵڵĿǰȴѾ˹ͨǰͷɢң۽ȫʺ
ϵľûдһ̨֣Ǹɵġ
ͬʱվҲ˵ôĿ⿴ȥ
տļɣǿٻ۶ͬ˵һ仰ɣҲҪϡ
ˣӦϼ˶͡
ڷˣ̧ͷЦһʶʱѾ࣬͸̨˵ˮĥīٶ˾ġ
Ӧϼһڶ˳ٻԽ룬ֻ޲óȥץסӣһĥˣͷѾˡ
һĥĥһĹ⾰ò׵ȵĥīʣûȰӦϼһȴ˰ͷ̧ͷݶһĳݡ
˱飬µһѵΪţǡ
Ŀѣ˵ѵĿ⡣
ԶԵĵһ⡣һĿǡժԡС֪֪֮Ҳ˼ǣǱ˲˽ԼҪԼ˽ˣڶĿǡ¡ԡӹԭǡߣ£䣬Ϊɡ˼ǣﵽľ磬ʾҲҲı䣬ΪҲɾ͡
ĿͬʵʷϵļȫһҲ׼ƪġѡƪͬһߣڶֵǮǫ档
ǮͷȻƷ˺飬ɲѧȴǷǳ˵ãҲܳΪĩ̳䡣¶ԸͯԣȻţɱ
ɴ˿̵ȴҵͬšһŵ˿飭˯һ磬ȴûΣȻûܴԽִᡣ
ؼʱ̵ӣˡ


083 
մԽʱÿ˯˳ػصִᡣִͬ˯ţҲôÿش󣬴⡣
ͺׯε֪ʱεִڣ෴
Ū񾭶Щˡ
ҲΪգһԼԼڳɷӡ
ڳõķ淢չģԽԽ١տʼһΣ죬еʱ졣ͬʱִ˶ʧʱ顣
֪ôչȥһ᳹״ԽҲزȥˡ
Ҳ˵Ǻǻһɢ֮ˡִ˵һƬҰزȥˣҲûʲôˡ
෴˶ʣϣ˵ȴǳ˼飬ܹ״Խһ¡
ΪˣҲ׼Ǿ񣬻϶ˡ
ǣʱȴ¡ԼŻصִʱȴûˡ
ЩƣѾûˣһλصִᣬȴ֪Ҫȵʱ
ʹ˻زȥˡ
￩һͻȻЩ
ڿ﷢١ӦϼĿϵ䵽ϣһҲ뿪ҲԽϾѧסֶ㣬ֻ͵̾Ϣˡ
ΪпڣҲóѡ
ֹƬ̣ѧʵǿȥؿԡ
һ쾪ãڡ
ڳ濴ȥͿλ˽վֿ˿ѾƫϦһ쵽ˣһ﷢ʲô㶣ܽȴҵľʲôˣǰⳡȴϵĳ˵δȽһԶԸȥ˵ԺԹҹеʱ䴩Խִᡣſʼʲôٵһ͸ýˣٲ⣬롣
ǣʱˣü
ü𣿡⣬ټ˹һڴͬʱҲô롣
ڴ˴֣˱ʡ
룬ȴҡҡͷʷȥ
ʿ꣬ĥʲôѽѧ̲סС
ྲӦϼҪ˵
ȴ룬ǰƪ˹˵򵥣ȴȴ򸹸壬ôʾ䣬Ȼ¼ʱȣңڳϣֻҲ±ʼѡһ˳ʳģҲ֪ʲôʱдꡣ
żУȴӿһ֧ʳʼյۼ˿Ȼص˵ͷ
ԭˣҪѡһ֧˵ıʰӦϼͷͬٻ࿴һۣ˴˶Ц
ҶǿưȻ֪һֱñʶԿ塣ÿ֧ëʿһɲͬĲʣһȴǧеıдԲеıȴɬٴ졣ӵëӰٶȣỵ顣
УƾٳϵĿǶһʥ飬ȻػȻ֮еʱȴδЩţǰĳ֧һ·նΪ֧ëʸԼ˺ˡ
ڴ˾٣Ҳǻͬ˼ɡ
һҲ⡣
ǣͳ֧֮ȴ֣һ֧ʣͬʱ̨պ˱һī֭
һʲôɻ
һĻǲг
ֻ˫£Ųͬľдֽ
⡭ѧŭˣȵھڸʲô
𼱡ӦϼסѧС˵ͬʱƪͬ£һĶãĲӵ㣬Ȼ˵á
һĶãɣѧȵؽг
ôԡӦϼĺ΢ЦѰ¶ѣ䲻ܣ˾֪žͿԡ꣬뱾ھʱһ߻һʫɣʫͣһʱΪѻŰ׹磬ƽϲŪЩѣ˶ĿĶˡ
Ŀԣôܣ
ʵҪıҲѣҲһֻԲһֻϰˡ
ѧ̲סʳָ·ԣտʼɣɻ˼Σֻĸ꣬ˡ
ʱųһԼŻ˼£ͳˡҪͬʱдƪ£ʣµתϣнԼ˿Ҳð죬ǰǰףŸʡ
ǰںǲ˼ʡ
ʿ겻ԱдɣҲ˲ÿĹأѧǰ̽ͷ濴ȥ
һжʱΪ𺳡
ֻ֧紪ݣ˱ɡ
һžǿƮݵ֮һžǶׯصκ
ֻӸ߸߾˳˫·Ǵһ㡣
ƪ¾ͬʱдйɲ֣֡
ʵǡ̫ˡ


084 һˮ׼
ɫѾװȥɶԺĵһѾ
ǵľӶһսϣԱߵĶһȺ鵲Ȼ¼ַ⡣һҪһͨû¼֮ǰҲûٵ顣
ƾǹΨһͨҲͳν׼ѪֶֻΣ˵ÿͯԺһĴֱǣ浽ˣܲСĶԴ
Ϊһڿû֮ǰ뿪ҲѱӰ˽Ҫס졣
˶û˯Ӧϼɱٳͬѧһһ֧ʣѧڵֽдŵһƪĿ
ˮ浽ʱ򣬲֪еѡ
д˼֣ͷȥдƪµǰƪŤŤĿ˵Լ֪дЩʲô
ѧЦŷ±ʣͷˣˣű£ȴѧ˵ġ
ǵȻӦϼ̧ͷһۣˣһĶõģ˼ܣֲŻ֮ˡ˵ʿƺͬʿɣ
ͬʿ
ӦϼһЦ㵱Ҳ־ͬʱģôҲܽס
ѧ̾ǰݱµˣҲʿмŽꡣŽžξʮžμӻʱж׵ھʿ
гԾͬԱߵĸѧ໥һۣ̲סˣ˼ǡѾһ׵ˮ׼
ӦϼԡԵľҶĲ飬˵ףһ׶ˡ
ڵĲŻӹɣƾٳϵ˭˵ղ˫ȷʵˣΪŸϸ壬ִٶͣûϸãδдˡٵЩġѧ̲סЩ硣ǳɶѧڣԼµʿӺò׳ôһ˲ţǿˣѧҲй⡣
Ȼѧ±ʣ鼤ղűѾڵžӣٱĳûУһ˫۾õúܡƪ£ô˵ˡֻһ˵áҿƵͷԶˡ
ôãѧŴ졣
ţѧЦɫһɤӣҪǰþӱУδûҫԼĿ˼
ʱ򣬰ӦϼͻȻһԣԣƶȣ
ѧһ׹
ӦϼȻ˿ڵľӣΪ˹ƽһľӣ˻رһӣͲľˡ
ѧͷӦˣٿԺǴģڶһ
ӦϼͲͬ˴ˣڵľӣס֣Ҳܱһۿʿһ׵ľӣԺԿϣǡǺڼȺ֮С
ͬʱЦ
ԱʱǾһ͵͵ɧҲ֪ǳɶһӣʫʼΪ˵áɶĻ֮أһ겻ſöˣҲôϣ档
û뵽ڰĿ˸ߵĵλû뵽ڵˮ׼״Ԫۡ̽Ĵڡ
žߣҲǶ׵ھѾܹͬȼ
Σѧȴ̾һϧȴ鷳һͻᡭ
˶Ȼ˵
ԺԵһѾҲȥ
һĿ賿ʱǿϢһϣ
һΪƪ˹ʱģء˵һܾпˡˣ֮ȻǸһָҳ
һ죬߶ȱɳε͵ơ˵ЦţΪ⣻򷢳ѹֵĿ˿һЦһҹɰëȻ
Ȼǳ⣬ͼʹʿǰĩȴǺôҲǣˣͻᰲ
ʵ̫ˣҲҪɷɣй
޹й֮¡ڿڿУߴӴһɳ죬ڤڤкһֻڲŪǧˡԣǰЩֽǮŪɭɭ
ڶǸ꿼ƺòôƬ̣ͻȻͷסǽײȥֱײѪǵ̱ڵϡ
ڿôĿģһ˰졣
ԺҲûʲôõĵģ˳أûЩջ
ҹӦûлġ
ڴԽȥ֮ǰûȥ֮дʲô
ȣý֮һϷΣĴͷҲҪ˲֢ܶҩ
ţ˵֮ǣӣǱ׾ٱ
ô˵ܲӦò֪ˡʵϣвһ۵СȻ˾ٱ§ݴӣ˳ֶץһ˷Ҳпܵġ
ֻҪܹ㶨ǧһƤװӶҾȫˡ
ţһġ
˳֮󣬿ܲ취С֮Ҳȳ
ΪֻҪŬȥܹܿϣġ
ͨйؼеǰЩ
˵㶫ֺ˿ˮϴ˯
ϣãܹ˳ػصִᡣ


085 
£Ҫ뾡˯Ҳһ׵顣
һյıɹһҹȻѾɿȵøһˮȪˮһƤֻһͽ·͸ˡ
һȳͺںӵС
ש̳ɵСϡ
˰죬ûκ˯⣬һ˯ˡҲ֪Լ˶ˮ΢һ͹졣
ľͰеˮѾȥһ룬ʣµİͰˮҲЩǲ
ϵӾȻȰ컹Ѱ
ʱҲ˲ö˵棬˸⣬ֻһǶ̿㣬Ƥµשϣźùࡣ
̧ͷȥǼ俼ͯͷϰһȦײľ£һɴѪԵ÷ǳɭ
ڶΪͬ飬ϧȴﲻκæһﾫѾȫԺԿ϶ɽ
Ҳǰ׼Ҳܹ˳紩󣬱ͻȻŴ磬³ֻ±ҰɣãáҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ڴһ˿ңʵ˯ˡ

ѣѣǰӡ
ۣԴصúһǦ۾ȫʺ
ң˯һʹһȥȴһֻӣеĿˮ̵ýһ
ȻǳˮϮ˵Ц˻ߴң֮ϡ
ιңԷ°࣬úúãлˡ
˵ɽկܻܲһ֮ϣҾƤ񡣡
Ҫܣûػش𣺡һ𡷡

ˣһ飬ѹ
۾һԼϰǼͼңöĶߡһǵվԼǰС⣬û°ɣ
ʹţڵ̫ѨͻͻֻЩۣҡҡ
ѾûˣҲ˵Լʵᶪʱ䡣֮оʲôһ֪
ңǰһкЩİֻøһ㣬Եòôʵ
֪ԼԽԽã϶ҲԽܣأִҪ𲽴Լʧˡ
ڻ㶵費صһۣС⣬ʧܶѣ˵Ϻͼͬ³ȥһ̫ͨϧˣЩ˰
ףʲôʱȥˣڲסЦ㣬˯̫٣ʵͦסԵɹȥˡһЩҪҪ죬ܲ鷳Ҷһ°ࣿлллл
֣һЦҾ֪ҵطȥɣأ
л䣬æӵλ˼ɣ롰ξؼ֣һãͳʮ
ʮдϢϾʵ̫ͨˡڴϺһʮͬʱתͷ˭ң
лڷõĶ
һ֮£ʱһڼξĩ껹һ˵
˱Ĵǧָʹ½ȥ֮󣬱ȺףͽĴ˱ܲνָһְ
ν£൱ڽָʹİ칫Σ顢ճǽ׾ڶλȨصʵȨ
½ȥĺܳһʱ֮Уξʵ۶ûµĶָʹֱ¡ʵۼλ֮󣬲ѹܵĺϣΪͷӡ
УӼξʮ굽ξʮʱڣʵƶˡ
¡һ꣬µָʹְ˳̨
벻ҾȻͬôɫ˽һãû׼ͻٲˣܽʲôҪСĽĵţ˵Ͼͻرȥָ¡¹ѻͷİӴȻУ䵽Уǰ
ڣڽָϽ˸绰ξ֮һ첻졣
˰죬˵û˵˵֣Ҳǵôһ׮ӣûȥ顣ֵʷʵ̫ƧʵڲУ԰æȥרʷĴҡ
˵һãͰнΰæ
µ绰ϲ˰죬Ͻĵ绰ڴ˹ش˵鵽ˣһСӣĶ˵ͽˣʰ졣֮һҲûжۣگ˼꣬ξһͷųˡ
Ŷڳһͺãͺá
ϸһ룬Ҳ⡣һϾȥô꣬ʱٷʣξʵҲͲǸû档
ۼѾ磬Ҳ뿪ɣܰæһ棬ֿЩϣžˣɳһɡ

ӡĿǸͯȻû˯ſС
ǰһƬڣӴ賿îʱ
ϵĺˮѾˣҲӲשһۼȥɼ
ԭǻصŴˣ鶼û꣬û㶨İ취ʹعˡ
ڲģһǿҵԤУԼ˳شԽִᡣ
׻˵˼ҹΡ
һһҹ̫飬ڸ߶ȽŵĿ֮УһֱûգββǼأ
ڣֻͷ˯
ĵƹͶĸ첲ϡ
첲ǼС̺ۣСʱԤġʵξ໥Ӱ죬ԼִҲһһ巢仯
ˡ
סǿҵļƽڴϣǴһ˿΢Ц


086 ӦϼĽ
ԺԵڶͷһĽźæҶԣҪࡣ
˶ڵͷ
ǾһĿ顣ѾѾƽ˵Ѿľ
ΪһþɳĿϽڶԿǵȻһһһĿʼʱܻᵨӺ£Լˣǰ;һƬҰֻһҹڶ𲽽״̬֪ôη壬ôɻ󣬶ôԹ԰̬Ӿˡ
Ǿ£
ǸͯҲƽһڿﾲһҹ۾øһȴʮɣһõ򶨵д
ָҲˣκ˶ʱ򣬹ؼǿε
ǴԽִᣬΡԿ϶δ֮ڣΡҪҵҪϣҲӦһΣİ취
һΣЩήңȴʮַɡ
ʲôҲģֻúðѽһԶԸȥ
ԺԵĵڶֻһ˹ġˣԺԵ˹ʱĶѾꡣܷռߣֻҪƪãٵθڡںһĲۺʫΣȴҪ
Ŀǡ֮ߡԭǣ֮ߣ֣֮ߣǡ££Ȼߣδ֮Ҳ
仰ԡӡ˼ǣϲϲģҲϲϲģǵģҲᵣǳ˵ĿֵԼĿ֣˵ǳԼǳȴǴûе¡
ǡӡе䣬ֻҪǶ˶᲻֪
ԣԴ˾Ϊİ˹Ķ纹ţ䶰ֻҪԸ⣬ڿҳһƪĳȥ
֮ǰҲƪһƪдò͢
ɵĥīҪʣȴ룬ԼѾƪǮǫȥʱ򻻳͢ģҲԲϡɻ䣬СģҲŰ塣ǮôҲǶ䣬ʱķӣдĶƮݣҲ˵θڡ
ˣ͢Ķ治ܳȥ
ڣԺ֮󣬽ԡԺ͵ԣк֣ҪҲͦ򵥵ġȴҪע⣬д·Ҫͳһʵ̫˵ע⡣
׼ƪģһƪһʲôº˵Ʒǳĩľˣ̫ˣû٣ҲдĶҲѣǮǫ浹Ҳ·𡣱ϾͬһˣܹǮͷӰ졣
ѡ÷֮ھʣһһ䣬ƣʵʵùݸ峭ھϡ
һյʱ䣬д̫죬ܲڿ﷢ɣ
˫£ǱȽϾˣȴΪ˸ʱ䣬ԶΪֳ֮ͷ飬Ҳġ
ƪе㳤ԼŰٶֵӣһ£ȫǡýдóԭ߲һϧˣϻȽ϶ࡣ
ֶҲãĥʱ䡣
ʱ򣬴Լд˲֡
̵سŷģðӦϼżˡ
ͬǵƽͬԺԴӵڶտʼٺǶʼæµ¼ġַġľģæûڵء
Ӧϼ͸ѧһڰǰЪľӣֱͷۻ˵Ӷ˦ˣĶǴϵ£ҡӵĶȼһЩֲס
ӦϼеľӣѨǱٵһƽռֻԺͬʱķ⣬ĽֵԼʱ֪еࡣ
Ҳ̾Ϣ˭˵أ
ӦϼͻȻһԵڣˣôˣٶȣӦѴ˰ɣ
˫ºͷһĴٶʵھˣӦҲд˰ɡ
ǱԺɫһƱвνֻҪܹõŹҲҰӦϼһ⡣
ѧ첻СĿڵľӣʸ񣬽յҲУάֿΡӦϼʣش˵ЩԾ˵ʿĲŻĿҲѣ͸дˡԱٿںʼѣдһֵģ
±ʼѣô򵥵ĿӦϼһ⣺ôܣ
˭֪ȥ
Ҳá
Թ緹ӦϼǰƬֿ̣˼ʮžӣ̧ͷһͷʼƫ
ʱѧҴ߽ˣֻЩá
ôˣ
ڻдüûдһֶҪҿϰ졭󣬺ǡ
ʲôǣôˣӦϼЩ롣
ѧ֪ôдôˣӦǵȲ
Ȳ˶һʡ
ѧǲˣ󻹲ᣬһˡ
Ӧϼһеľ䵽ϡ


087 ͷѾȷ
֮пǰҲзرԺԡԺÿһΣһ㶼ڵ³С
·Ѿģô࿼һ죬ʺȳë
£ȵҲ
ˣûУϢӦϼһڽҪԼģǲ޷ɿԣĪź
ңҲ֪ڵõľǲǴȾǣ⼸ٿȾʹˡ
ûաѧش˵ӣҲ򢴦ЩͣɫҲ˿ܾ񡣡
͹ˡӦϼɻʸѧԺ֮ǰɨûС
ѧڻش˵ôûɨˮ迣ʯСĵض԰Ӧϼ˵ˣʵ̫ȣҪ˵Щ̶Щҩ
ƣƳһأբκ˲ý
ǣǣǣ¹ٺͿˡѧ̾һٲ˵
ѧȥڣĲʵϣѧ֪ڲڿҲ޷롣
Ƴ֮ƶȣһأӣͲ룬ҲҪ档
ǰ꣬Եʱ򣬿ʧ𣬾Ϊƶȣû˸ȥȻ𡣾ôʮȵԽ֪ͨǰʬ
ҲãȥӦϼ΢΢ס
ǣԹ緹ѧͱڿȥ
Ϣ
ڵţǺˮ̫
ôȵ죬˵ҲǺ䤱ˣľôˣ
±ʼѣÿһֶҪдϰ졣

ˣˣ
ˣôˣӦϼ͸ѧͬʡ
ѧһⶼڲɫѾȫˮ͸ˣá
ˣ
ǣϵͺЩ
׾ͺã˾ͺãǾûʲôõĵˡѧظ
ǡǡ
Ӧϼʲô
ǡ⡢֣󡢺Ҳˡѧеڳԡ
ҲˡõġƬ̣Ӧϼó涣ҧ£ûʲô˵ġ
Ҳǡ
ӦϼеĲ֮Ժ󣬶ѧٵһʱ͸վˣˣƪ˹ʱĶѾꡣľӣ˶ġ
ȻѾһգơ
ʱ򣬰ӦϼһѾһݳЦʵĲۡʫȻҪˣǸͷĶúùȻϲòҲνղҺͳɶѧһ£ƾ־ӵƪ£ƵͷѾˡ
ѧһ˭ôŻ磬ֻƾƪ¾ɶ
ѧЦŶ˵ȷǲŻڣƪдûŽأһѾۡԹǲڵľӡһǵģ϶ʿԡԵҶͬķ񡣡
ãٿѧӦһֻһۣŴͣȻȻڵľӡ
ˣڣӦϼϵغһ
ѧæ۾Ųܵһߣǲڵľӣô֪ôԶֲǧ˳
ѧЦŰͷǰǶǿƾٳʮ꺮ҹҹƿһ˫۾簾ˡرһڣҾĿϹƵġ
˶Ц
ʵһѧı飬Ҷ֪žˡңƪ⻹ıʣѾ߳һأʿ껹˭
ʱ򣬱ڳɶԺʿѾɱ
ȻǰҪʣļ⡣
ԺͯԵĵأ漰Źǰܵ¼ȡˣĿǱ¼ȡҪ
ڵ忴ף˳ɽĿ
жЩ
οԣвˣҲûʲô˼
ãڿȻ󲡵úӣдٶҲţٵʱ򣬻ǿƪ˹ꡣ
õϢֵѾˣÿҲȥÿ졣
ֱϺ˼Ѫһָ״Сࡣ
Щɻ⾿ʲô
ǽúù۲죬£ٱ
һǳƽʱۻػ˵ʿǶӣ˯ʮ
ܺãѾӶȥɣһˡӦϼ˾񣺡ϣһ˳


088 ʤ
ԺһҲĿһƪۣһʫ
Ŀ൱ںĸ⡣ʿӶʱϤ̶ȺΪ
ƾٴ԰˹Ϊص㣬ĸߵͣⶫҪҲܴһƪп
ǿٻǿһôģֻҪ˳꣬Ϳˡ
Ϣ֮һĿһɵաܶ˶壬Ҳݸ壬ھдšһͽ꣬ʣʱڿо
ôӦϼͲģٵȫ˼ϡ
ٿԺԳڣûõóֵ˲šƾٱǧľţ⼸ʿӣܹǰμӵԵģҲûˡ
ֻҪôһǿĪҫ
ѰһĳĳĳصԺԣһھȡ˶ˣ˭һźþӡֻҪһڵĿڽ˽ʿܹȥ꣬һһ쿼ԣ֪˶ᾪһһ갡ں˸ʿ
ξʮɶԺ԰֪֪ԺXXXһڿеš
ֻҪôһپǹԲ
ھпܵһ
죬һľӻδϣڶľֶæڵأҲϾȥˣעڣһϢ档
ڽһжɫҲãҲ㣬ӵʱҲЦݣյӡ
ֻֻ
ֻʲôѧڿ죬ȵÿҪˣ˵µġ
ػЩΣǡӵҲЩ
ʲô򣿡
ڽ첻סؽ֣ͰװˣѬ
˲
ѧΪ죺ĪͲҪˣҪ˵
ǣˡ

ˣˣˡ
ôˣһĻţӦϼæ˾
ذ˵Ļڵˡ֣ȴ֡
ô£ѧ͵վ˻ôд֣ô
԰ֶ꣬д֣ҪġӦϼȴһ
ǰͬʱݾʱΣѧǺˮĶͷҵˣǺǣãá

ƣһֻ֣УʵϰȻɣ˭ǸŮأУڿֱǸһЦ
˫Ʋӣֶǿ汻Сϵˡ
һۣȴ֢࣬ҲȥˣٹӦþͻȬ
һػ֣һ⡣
ȵٹ˲ö˵棬ѳ˳ಲ
ſĿҲͬͲסӴͷҲѵ£¶ͺͺţˮͣؿĨš
һĿԡκ֮磬Ҳǲ֮¡
ſӪС壬ֿԼ𽥱ؼڲЩ⡣
뵽˸㶨ͷİ취˳ؿ鳹ɿ
ϸһ룬ǰƪ˹ģԼû㲻Ѿ԰Լ͵ͷλáһĿѾ޹ؽҪȷܷһٷּĻǰԼֵʮֵֻ֣ʮ֡һԼһֲãҲܹء
һĿܼ򵥣һ߲ۡߡһʫ
ʫ򵥣з֣ҳһȥӦͿˡ
ڲԣԼʿ̸̸͢εԡĴĶвٶ岻Ȳ֣еɽ޷֣ȥ۱߷ʵä
ˣĿǰѾܽһõõֶΣǣʵߡ
̸۵㣬·дȥø߷ֹȻұ֤øȴҲס
ö˼׼õĿȥ֮硣ڿһʱλţԺѾϡҽӷϣʰöŵ½ƣ
ƣ۵ڿлص
һһƳ
ʤˣڴ˴ֱ֣ϵ׿Ѿʧˡ
·ŷͰѾ˳˻ʮ㣬ҺҲֱѬͷۻ
ʮಽһĭһеġ
˺ܳʱĶӣֵڳ
ߵѧſڣٶվά
ڳٳ˵ͷһЦ
ЦݺܿʧˣΪ⣬Ӧþվڿ档
ȴڵֻʲôأ


089 ӱ֮
˿öˣ࿼ûмȥǺѣĵáԼһͬȥ̽顣
һԣ˴˶Ѿ˲ͬͬ꣬ڳвʿǰԼ
һһػؾˣֻ˵ԼŻؼңпգλͬ硣
һ߻Żһ߳ǰȥϣ̽ӿţűվһͷڵ
ʵֶ̫࣬߰Ķ֣ҲΣֻĿεϣ׹¶
Ȼ壬ˣǶ΢΢һЦСĵطڵϣ򶨵˹ȥ
ţ˼˺Ͼһպգ˷ΣҪŵ̱ڵأҪŤͷ·񱼣Ļǵһμ
жڵЩ˵ͷԱߵС
СƫƧǸͬƽʱҲˡ˲һͿңң߽һƽλõ˰ɣȥǧɡ
һģţоãΪǶ๫ޣûУȻүүǰôҵա½ǽţúóǵֵֶΡ
һһߣҪǰһơ
һסţЦ⹫ӣ˿ɲܹġ
ŶŰԼӰݼɣͲͷλˡ΢΢һЦ֣תȥ
ģţȸƨţŭǰȥһپͳڵԺȥգһ߶ܽԴɿᶡԹȥ
ɾʱһӰһ
ͣһ߳鵽һֻ棬أȴŲ
ţһֻȭӰԲ˼ĽǶȻţ°͡
ţֻľﶼڷɿغˣͨһصڵϣҲû
ȻһͨȺȡĵͺȣһӰˤߣȥȴǿ
ǰ󲻹˾ͱ˴˵յǿɾɲ
ţԾ̧ͷȥȴʤȭͷվǰ档
ԭڽͷͻȻ˳ֻоͽڵء
ţ󺧣е֣췴𡣵үүȥ֮󣬶㲻ú첡ŮҲҪǧС
ţ˵ԼŮ۾һ˿ŭȻһƵӰľ⡣˾һݣٲųģ
Ľһݺݵؿţһۣסڣ
̧ͷÿֵܣǺôҲˣֺշѵͬ𣿾㲻ΪԼ룬ҲŮɣ
ǿţһһʩ񣺡⹫дңҩŮͦȥˡӣ˵ƫƧֻ˵һӣӳɶҸطʱش󣬽ֲɣΣ
֣ɣ
ң
ͬʱִС
ã£ûӱܵĵڰ˰֡ʵǰʱѾҲ֪Ǽһȥ½ŵĽΡϧ˾ôˣʱˣȴҼ
ǰ֮ǰţ˵ͷѾƼҺ֮Ѿ䵽ˡ
ţţȻ¶֣ڣҪڽ
뵽һųСʤڹؼʱ֡Ȼʵȴһǳˣֵýύ
ڲܣˣҲ֪˵ʲô˰죬һˣӣк㲻ӣֻ»Ǻˣǿ߰ɣ
꣬ˡǾ仰£ӱܡȥǧߵǰֽӵ
˵һǸֻܲͷ·Ҫ°ݼǧ
ţԱߣȵǰ·
˳ƴӵվЦȻ⹫롣
ЦЦٲ˵ôݵسǰȥ˼æں棬һ
פĴλڳǱʯһǻƧֻźɣҲǳĿ
ߵſڣҪǰԼţͻȻһȥ󺰣ˣˣз˾в
ڰ֮׮ӣڳɶţĴ󺰣ʱͳʮʿϡУ崺ںʤΧס
ɫ䣬⹫ӣ޴ֻҪˡ
ȴתͷʤǺҹˣ
ʤҡͷʤû飬ȴ֪֪ͼĵͽˡ
ãڹȻû㡣ڵͷﺰ½عڣݼǧˡԶԶش˳ȥ
ţشһһѵӣŭʲôǸССͯӣװʲôͷ⡣вɱ⣬ˣҵˣ
ɴ˶⣬Ͼڲţ֮ͨԸһԡ
ţɱ
ס֣ʱﴫһȣŲμԺ԰ɣʲôʱɹˣһˣҽ𣿡
ɽҽࡢѧԻƵۣڡ׾ʫ顢סʥ顣ڲţԡڹȻ˿Ȼ󸹬۹ֻڵϼգϢաɡйʿӾ㷸Ҳбѧڳʡٲ򣬲̡
ʿС벻šһƫݵĹԱ˳һ壬һӣ£ȻѾͶףͲҪΪˡ
ǣˡһ˵ӡ
ǽפĴĽǧ


090 ְ׹
涮ҽκȮӵĲ˶֮ͻȻһץסڡΪָ̫ڶѾס
ڸ۲̣Ҫûһ䡣̧ͷһȴ㲣ȦúһȴЩ̡
ִ㣬Ӧʮжںֵ긻ǿ׳꣬ɹ˵ʹѾǶϥߡ
ǧôˣһʮĶӣȻǱòˡϧǰһʱ컨Թ˵ҽ϶סʮͣϵÿ죬ǲӵġ
⣬Ҫˡ
һݵı飬ԼȥĸĸͻȻѹ
𼱣ͬʤ˵һ仰ɺã
áɿڣ̾Ϣһ֣ǹҡ
תʤ鷳ҵѾ߶Ӵһ仰˵Ҫﹴղܻȥڿջҡ
ã⹫ģ֪ô
ȥ֮ŶˣʵСҲ컨ġ
㡭һ˿ŭҲ֪ڻк󻰣һ̡֣
ڼ򶨣һδĽͷӣôס
˿Ǹˣȴִ³ĵʵϣܹڴ߹ٵˣ䣬кܸߵѧʶңҪµģûīˮλҲ
ʵҲ컨ִҽѧҲ컨ûκΰ취ùػȷ棬ɱεĲֶȻֶֻһԤֶΡ
ǲƣҪ뱣סӵȴ¡΢΢һЦӡ
ϲҾ⹫ӣֻҪܹסȮһҵĴˣзԸĪҲӡϵİӣҲһ仰飬һʾܹ
ĳŵԤ֮Уڻһ˿ˣȱæӵ컨ˣ
һԼĶӣ۾Ứش˵Ѿʮգտʼ͵ˮۼŲˡ
ʮˣãǾоȡڵ컨ʮֻһܹҪ缸վѾѡܹʮ죬˵ĵֿĺˣϡ˴ȥӡ
ǣ⹫롣ǰ·
ǧ˿ţȻ֪ô£ȴǴ󺧣ڵĿǾη
ļҾסź԰ȣһԺӣѵϵĹٷóΪǲеĳҲáķˣһʮ߰긾ˣҲǷǳء
һǿͷ˵ѵãҲڷǳ⡣
Ҳ⣬ĹԱٺ»͵þˣеʱԷ취죬пܡɴ˿˱ʵҲ
ķӿȽϼ룬һҲ˲ڣһү㻹֪ӡѾԹȥˡۼǲˡ⼸նæڹ񣬸Ͳ
󾪣ʲôʱ赹ģûУ
ˣѾȥһʱһֱæ˭㰡е˼˼һط˵컨±˲ԺŶҽ͸ˡһһѾסӣҲܣȥйҾԲ㡣ʱ򣬶и̣Ҹƴ
˵Żһ
컨Թ˵ǲ֢֮컨ͨȾԼǿֲˣֻܸ롣
޶Ѿʮûӵˡ
зᣬҲͬӼƽϣο䣬ָ˵Ҳˣ𼱣𼱣ܹܹ뵽ӵġˣҲѹȥˣ˵㣬ҡҡҲˡ͸ʡ
ŷڣĨһˮܾܲȾҼҺ
ڣҿɲҽ
ɻؿУ
λǳɶһڣʿꡣ˵˵а취ס
۾¶һ˿ϣĹʣ⹫ӡ
ʲô˵ˣȥ˵
ǣ컨סݡ
ĺˣҽ߸ĸģ±Ⱦ𣿡ָԱһСԺʣӿס档
һɫ԰׵صͷСүס棬Դ컨֮󣬾û˸ҽȥ
΢΢һЦҲϻֱȥЦҿǴߵģʲô
ȵȣ⹫ӡסڡ
վˣֺμ̣
һҾж˵⹫ΪȮӵĲˡ壬ֲʯĳ顣չӼȻη˵ҽ߸ĸģ±Ⱦ𡯵ĻҶǷܹ㶼ĶˡǼʲôԺҲˣԿȥ
޾ϲֻ˵ˣСС컨ڼȻܹԸ£а취׹⡣ڣ˻׼
˵
ˮɾ޲ˮһдֽϵġתԺȥ


091 ȷ
ڽԺ֮ǰڻҿ϶ĶӾ컨
˵ҽѧˮƽʵڲôҽǲáʵִᣬҽҽֶѾҪ߳ҽһأرǶԸһЩ֢棬˦ҽ֡
ңҽСڵǿ棬һ׵ľ鴫С
ֻҽӦԼ֢֢棬ȴЩʧûһͳһı׼ͬһˣͬҽõĽۺͿķȴ֮
ˣ֮ǰҲЩɡ컨һ㶼ǱʮңʱͳҲ֮ŪҲпܵġ
컨Ǿò
ȻҽʱѾ׼컨ܶԸշȵĲȻڻ¡
Ķӽǣ˵ҵ˵Ѿʮˣ֢״ǷաŻ¡ϡѾԲѡ
ԺѾܶû˽̸컨ɫ䣬ⲡȾԺǿԺѾܶû˽ҶҲѾˣЩ˼
һ߽ԺӾŵһǿҵĶбζҲиõѪζȣζŻʮֻͷӬڿ޼ɵطȥ
ҲԺվ˰죬ȵϰζ֮󣬲Ŵ󲽳ȥ
˺ǣȴη塣Ҳ֪磺Сԡ׵ס컨ҸΡ첲ȫС̺ۡ
ŴԽĽϳ̶Ƚһǿ˿̵ڰٶ֡
ǵûеƣúܡ
ڰŴȫ򿪣ðſһʮһСٳû㣬ֻϧ沼˺ɫСеСѾתеɫŧͷ
Сһ֪ͬȥһ
̾ϢһҲ࣬ںӶͷȵúһ㡣
ְ忪ͣͿһŰɫоѾ϶ȷʵ컨ˡ֮ǰѾִ罫컨˵ͼƬƵ϶һ飬ʱʱĵòŻ£ڿˣȴκβӦ
ֻӺѹһʧȥӣȴǵĽǺεû׮ӣ£ҲһԼǰ
ȷ֮룬ҲΡ
ȻִȻûҵɱ컨Чҩ컨ԭ򲢲ǲǱȾ֮Ĳ֢磺ĤסաסжסѪ֢
Щ֢ŵᣬֻ輸뿹ȥܳˣûн磬ⲡҲʲô˵¡
ȻŴûпأֻܿӲȥ˾ܻУؼǻ
ǣڽԶԶس溰һҵѾ߽ˮ޲ŵſڡϴ֣֮ͼλֽϣд˵ѾߴͿʼָ塣
һææҹò׽ǿڱǡ۽ǵķŪɾֹһˮȥָһ
ֻƬ̣һͻȻһͷۣѹȴڼžҹдԶ
ʱͻȻҵʹѹˡ
ڣʿ꣬лл㣬лл㡣
ҽҽҵĴˡ
ڻͷȥȴǽԴ˭
ԭޱҲŽԺġɼеǺ˼Ҳ컨ƴϾǷĲ£Ӿ̧ſǽĿתضŶӵķ䡣
һѹ޶ٹ˲ͳͬʱʧʹޡ
ֺֺЦתͷȥ溰ǶˣֲʲôҽȱлңҪĶ׼ûСٲҲұ֤Ӿһܹȥ
ԣһƿڴүֵµôµģ׼һͼλˡۼŶһʱô͹㻹ǸǧҪؾȥ٣¶첻ûûεģվʲôҸûꡣ
ȥͷ
۶ᣬæŤͷΧǽɱڵغȵȥһ˴ߴߣٸǸʱãҲˣԼ˶ϰɣǼⱲҲûкӹ
һ˲䣬δͷӵı֮ͬʵʡ
ΧǽͷһƬײײǣүȥߡ
˷ģǰʱûãСĻʲô㡣ɱǸȫңȻԲáţ
˻֣ȴץһѪۡ
Լְ£Ҳŭ˰죬Žʹ鷿
޶ԿƬ̣Ϳţس
֮͹ڵͷˣС㽫ˡ
棡͵վ
뿴ţæһ˹ȥ


092 һֶ
ִţͷ˹ȥȻǰѾڻͼһο΢΢һ
Ҳͷ˹̲סһʲô
һĿԲͲԼһߣߦȴϸһͷܷ⣬ֻȥһǩСĿĹӣһĿ롣
ԲͲĩһ֣ģСõˮǹһģһ
ǧˣСĿˮţ˵
ٿҲ񡣡һһŵգϣܹϵʹãţò
ţرĶ򵥣ͷŪҪɱƬȻ룬ĥǸͷп졣СİѵһܣǸûе˵顣
˻Щģⶫʲô
룺ĵģȴ֣˿ס
²˳٣ţⶫ͹ȥ
ţ˵ԼѶͽȥŵݲ԰ףԥ˰һҧȥѶԺſһţһͲҪˡ
ţǲģҲ˲棬ֺһ̧ӣǽͷؿеһһ
ִ˲ϰ߹Ŵҹĺڰеʮֻ򣬽һ䲻յͬ磬ӵһ¯ˮͲ
һľٶ޴Ϊ죬Ҳ޷⡣
ȵˮ˺ܳһʱ䣬һ˫ӽͲгϸϣֿʼϴ֡
ϴҲ֣ƿʼһֱϴ첲ϴ֮ЪһӾƺﵹһѾ׼õ׾ơ
Ѿ˰׾ܹԾƣԼʮңѾҽþƾ
ڵƣͻȻɷ򣺡ûɡ
ŵȴǼˣʿҲۻ˰ɡѾȥ׼¾Ʋ˰ɡ
áҪԸˣȴڽƵһϣ޲պ˾ˮǵͬһλͣš֪Ʋȵġ
ϵѾת˶ߣװһƬ
µΣ˺ͷһ޳
ɽһĻǳԾ
ֱֻǵϡȻͲ̽Լĸ첲ݺһ顣
Ŵû𽺣ܷЧãȴһѪͲ˳Ӳӵ¿һ
Ѫ⡭ʲô˿ʼڳԡ
û˵˵鷢
ڳһѪɵֱȻ˰죬Ȼ͵ش˽Ȼƶһһ㽫ԼѪ˽ȥ
ѪʲôʱΣԴˣһǰһڣʹǽȥ
ˣѾ߾Уæȥ

ֻҪǲǺèѪҵѪȥӦò̫⡣ڶͷȺǰͬǸ˰죬һлOѪѪߣǴ˵ʲô˶ҵѪ
ܳ˳ӽڵĿˮ
ð׾ϴ֣Ų˺ˮԼֱϵۣͷЦҿŮʿǸ䵽˱ù
ڽξִһҹڲ鵽֮ڿ˼Сʱ޼ʱͻȻھ¥͵Ŀţ̸
ţ˵Ķӵ컨ǻˡ
ңΨһĹѪ˶ѪпüأܰӾȻݣҪϴˢԼϵҲδĽͷһ仰顣ܣƼҺ֮Ҳ˳־ˡ
뵽ϲ컨ϣȥҽԺרҵʿ֪컨ֻҪûв֢ϵ嶻֮ȬȻһŴⲻ˵ġ
ؼοƲ֢ʵϣǿƲסġһ컨£ûпصĹŴ·һ
ֻҪпء
ǣڲܽʵȥŴǡѪ
뵽۾һСʱʹ磬컨ߣѪ䵽ϣҲЧ
ڿأϿûУǸҽ˵ֻҪΣѪȻʹùأһҽѧѪҩŨȡҲ˵ҩҺѪ֮Ҫһʱֽܱգá
ǣڻûŰû¸Լעˮĵز˵ҽҲ¸ϼ롣
ԴԼǾǳһ仯ͻᷢոðֺסβгˣý״ԽŴ֮󶯲
гһСΪ˱գҽͨò伸ҺסһѪҺﲻԶſ
ǵ㿹غִͣ˳ʹÿأѾҩԡҽҩʱλشȷ档
ԸĲҡ
ǣԳһȥҽԺ˵ƿһж˳ΨһźǣǸŮʿմѧУҵ䵽ҽԺַޱ裬ҲҲѪܡһżŪڲסο˵ԼƤʵ˳Ҫġ
ҲԺԿһˣһֳԵʣðӦϼ˰װ׵˰졣
Ѫ۲˰죬ûκθá
ǰһ԰׵Գһ˿󣬺ͷһ⶯С˵ˡ
ʱ򣬲˵廹ǳܽʳھͽǰҺõˮιһ롣
Сӳһˮ֮ڿʼ˵
ץϵˮ޲ƹˡ
Сһ˰죬۵˯ȥƽȡ
һڰյ˵أоһҽУֻܺҵغ˼ˮԸ¡
һˣȴ˾˵顣ЦЦһ
ҹʱֳһѪСһ˽ȥ
ͲѪһCCҲûκӰ죬ؼ澿жùء

Ѫ
˷鷿ιһˮĺȻû˵βֶΣҲܲˡ
һ㼦Ƥ񣬶촽Щ¡
סӵ֣밲οȴ֪˵Щʲô
ȴͻȻ۾һɶоˡ

ˣ˵ֶΣ桭ǹĪ⡣ιŹ֣ͻȻһԤУӿ϶ġ
ͷǰοӣֺǰοԼ˵Ĵһӣʫ飬ϹŻ֮ѧΪͨϹŶд֮ͨˣʵۡӣѾõɳʥʥĹż컨ķŰɡ
˵꣬ˣҹѾˣǻطЪϢɡ
ǷĲ¡ҡҡͷ
û취ֻ鷿
Ҳ֪˶ãɫ
飡űײˣһѾɫسүˣˣˡ
ڼ£͵վôˣСүСүһֲȴ̲ס
ǣǡѾֽүүԺˣ˵ǶҪҳԵġ
ѹµܣϲһҶҶںˣҪȥ
СѾȴһѽסˣȥãүȫǣǺãԺ˶µ
øʿ꣬ǹһֶΣɰ͵һȭҵϣЦоˣ챣ӣڱӰ


093 ֮
ѾˣǰΪڴʮ죬˶պͿˡһȻԹȥ˵Ѿ֮ڡ
һ֣˹ȥ
־һҹȣڣȴشԺ˳ʳ
һ֮˻֪
֪˵Ѿʼָ
ұ˶һֻʣôһ硣
زˣҽӴ˾
ڹŴҲǺˣӾ仰Ϊ񶾡һ뵽徣Լֽ֮ﶼûУëȻĳ˵ڶĶ£Ⱦ֮
ʱҲֻܷЦȻ¡
Ѿ߻ڱ˲֣˼òסſңҪȥǹԹԶӡ
Ҳ뿴ʮյĺӣѾ΢΢ףʾſˡ
ŴæϵԺȴһƬæҡ
ѾյĶվԺſڴ޽УҶҺöȥץţ
ţСүϵǣһˣסˣУҪҪ
ǣҲأ֮Ωֲ
ţһ˺üһͷײϣ󡭡ˣ
ŭһǶȥֱţԭתȦȵ
мΪŭţƽռǿֺ֮Ϊ¡飬ȴֻ֪£̰һֵ֮ˡ㿴˼ڣöˣĴһĴӣǰԶ󡣿ΪҼҺӣ˲ˡƷʣĳҲȲϵġ
ҪԶſ˫ۣסʹޡ
˿˿ʱܲסҲſ˫ۣѽҿĶԲˣܿˡԣ͸ʲô
󴶱
͸ȥ
ʱһӰһһǶ⡣
ֵڣ۾Ѿͨ죬µСӣǱסˣѵ뺦ҿûôѪһˡ
ǰһҹ۵ðӵǱסˣſ˯һȴ룬ܹµ֮ȴ͵͵˳ȥ
ղҲűѵġʱһҲû뵽ĲȻôôСĿЧó
⺢ϵѾȥǱסˡɾ彫δõʱ컨ĴȾǿø뼸µػ
Сǰ۴ޣһ⣬
һѱסӾͳԺȥеʲôͷȥаాһЩôûԶһ³Թʳͻշףʱ鷳ˡ
ǡҲھھˣһǳ⣬ȴŭֻסصͷٲҶ˵
ǲģʿߣҶҶǲǴˣ
ôûãܳ˭µˣ˵ûУһЦˣڻҪͷ㡣
һڰյأҾأʿзԸҲ
δĽָʲôˣĸƷԱȻһСС˹
һǴ󾪣ţڣ𺳡
ڽǱУ˯ˣû﷿ϡι¡
ǱϾСӣ˼ڣͻ˯ȥ
ϴ˸裬һɾ·ϵ·Լľ·ųһţ¯Ӹ֮һ棬ȥ
Ѿ鷿˺ܳʱ䣬ڽ¡ʲôû˵ͳһдֵֽյϵˣʿ꣬дĸźľڣ¾͵ΪֹģǸۣٺ٣еһǧַɱ
ˡһЦȴ˵һ
ڣˣѪ飬ҸйԪķӡ
⻰Ϊһ֣ʿ߷ڣȴ뵽һȥˣ
Ҳ֣ʿֶΣ컨ΣѵῪӡ˵ǵһȮӵ컨˭ҹ
ڵ˵ˣҲҽҲڿ컨ǰӹżϿһţһԡ
ŵͷҲȥСֽдһŷӣصݸڣ׳׳ʿ㿴ʲôطס
ڽӹȥһһдһֺ֡Ҳܼ򵥣ǻΡɺײݡ桢֦֮Ķ
Ҳףͻ
˵˼仰֮İӡϾСԼδޣƼҵҲڵ¡
ͻȻ̾һѾӣǳ鷳أƼҺ֮ˡ֪ƼҵĹϵֻǡ
һԤеһ˿


094 ҪƼҾͿʿ
ֻʲô¹СİΣ޷ݣæʣƼôˣ֮أ
Ϸ鳭ƼңƼһӦ̡ؾûĴѺ֮ګƷϡګŮ嵽
ȻԤУϢлһ
ŵǰΪҪزȮӣ˳ɶѺһ˷񣬹Ѿ˹ԪҪˡ
ǵؿһۣʿ꣬˵ƼСδޡһ£ֻ£ֻǻѾû취ˡĺˣѾдţ˿ȥ׷Ѻ˷ĵ֡һ·ϲҪΪƼˡ
αҪͬһѺ֮˻رְģǲʱ
ҶһǵĴżҾˡʥΥ
ڣ˷ģӵĲƻʮղܺãһһģֱɿŻسɶ
Ȧһȣлʿꡣ
ֳʣˣһ䣬ⰸӽôУʷҲûϸļأⲻ֮گϼֱ꣬¾λͻָɣҲûʲôɵĵġ
ΨһĲµСһˡ
֪ôģܾ÷ǳؿƵط¡
Ȼʵʷص΢һ֮¿Ǻܴ󣬿Ҿӵ˼ҲָзѺãϼСһҡ
üأ̾Ϣһګᱻȥ߽ΪūƷ˺С򷢸̷˾ֻ
ͬһ׺䵽ͷϣĶˡ̷˾ʲôطǿǹٰԺ淢飬Сĸӣ϶ȥѰ̼ġ
ڵҧ촽һѪ˳ˣѵûзӿ𣿡
ΪƼûпܣźյذ˰ͷ
ͻȻʣˣЩʲô
ôʣһȻǸеġҷõףƼѾ˻ˡ£ͱ֮ΩֲƫȴҪУ֪쳣ȴ治ɫɷҲСû㣬֮û㡣
ڣҪƼң괺쿼ʿһ׻߶ףҪһٳ֪ҪԺࡣ
ԣڲ£ܹ˾СຣǸ״ԪҲҪƴһȥһ
ڣ˵Եɡ
Ҳףګ֮׷ΪġҪסСĸŮоͳɰյġϾ˷ǽϾҪƱ˾ʱҲһɫ顣̷˾ֻ԰Ҿǲ˹ȥ˭κεЩһģ֮СĸŮѰһȨȨ˼ңһӡȻǡʱ
һ˵ô໰һĭֻǡ
ֻʲôôţһŵˣлһʡ
ЩΣֻǣҪֻõطٵͷǡ½Ҫͨ˳츮ģɲô˵ЩưĹԱǰý˷ǿƾٳĹԱӶ̵ȥˡңĹǿǺʹǳģһҲҵʱȥ£ֻ鲻첻ãẦСĸŮ
Ĺǳʵ۵Ӷ˵ˡ
һ㣬û˵
ǣֻҪʿ˽ʿ˺֡ĲѧǿǴĲѡȥ˳츮Ҷǽʿ϶ǻġ
ˣڲţͿһ׳ƾ٣ֻпƾ٣Ѿϵδ޵Ҳֻ·ˡ
վһһҾأˣڻһ󡣡
æ𣺡ʿ꣬лвˣԺҾֵƣʿл뽲
л硣վһһȥһǷĲƼĸŮڱҲþͽμ˳츮ԡ
ãû⡣
ͬ£ָдһţнؿջöʰöһȥ
˵ںԪ󣬷롣֮ٳ˴ػƺת˺ӵǡãܹںϾ׷Ѻ֮Ƽ˵Ķ顣
;ǧɽˮǰһ£мԲԡȴ޷ˡ
絽ȥμӻԣβǰС


095 ԲСԪ
ȻҪߣ뿪ƬΪĿ꣬ȴΨһĲµԼԺԵĳɼȻĿ϶οƶء
ڶգõС꣬ѵõˬĻһ죬·ЩصºŶѾϴȥ
괺нʿ˱ˮһս·ߡԥǻ˶һõ״̬
˶ǧȴûðκμҲ˵߾ߣҲ㡣۹δͷΣǮȴôϣֶΣѾһˡ
˸磬һ֮󣬲
һŪãѽ硣
һ뿪ɶλڳǱʯһƫƧϽ⣬Ҳûйٸ֮ǰС
Ѿ˽ӹˣСѾͷһ˵Ҫȥǣ˷ܵ۾ˡӱǴϾִط˵ϲеȴǼٻңԴһ֮󣬾ͺǻһˣڿƾٳҡһĴһӡ
˵ҪȥǸϿȻǻϲᶼˣԼҹӱҪȥطչͼҫġ
ֻӻڲסϧԼ½صĲ԰㲻ᡣ
ֱһıӣСŭصԼҹһַۣ˰쭣Żָģ
˵Ҳ֣Ůȴ˹˵һ·ɽˮ·УҪȥǡ
֣ͽһ·;סվв۵ٵ
ǣס۾ؿһڽ֧˰죬С˵ȺﶼǺѪⳤģûһˣСǰöˡǰ·㣬ɣˣҪȫ
ֺֺЦԼ֪ٲԤ֮£ôһҲһ¡˵Ϊ˺ƷãǸֵ֮ˡڣԺҲùЩ
ˣôһļˡ
Ůֺ֦ŮЩǰһ˲εԣԪˡﵨСΪ˺ܱ֣ΪҲûգ˵ҲȴԶθڡСѾͷƬӴһ˵Ļ
Ͽ֦Ǹۡ·ϽӴʮգȴһ׮ôռѣͨʳһ䵽УɿڡԹķˣڽ벻ƿˡǺ󻰡
ǷţĸѾڵļˣͬĹϵ򹷻ÿ棬һıӵҲȥҪһɫȥǾֻϡ
£ҪߡȴٵϸϹһģǳɶʿӡͷĶٽΡ
ţֺǧˣǳǶĹԱ˼ˡ
һЦ˱ͬЫ͡ΪҼֵеġ
Ȼ˵ΪǶǰͣӦϼʿ꣬˵ҪȥˣߣȥǱ˵˵
Ҳͣɶ֪Ĵѧˡ֪ͬ͸ѧ
ڴΪϲҾСӺεºܣôǰУ
Ӧϼ΢΢һЦиϢҪʿ꣬ҽȫʦˡ
ڸǾϲûѯʣ̲סʵҼֵܸˣ
Ӧϼؿһۣһġ˦ӣһڵʿ꣬ǵǱȥĪòɵɨͷ
ӦϼһƷԺޣƷԱɰȴһҲ
һԵĽŭݣԽַڵϡ
ȴ΢΢һЦҲϣõһߡ
дĹٹȻţ죬ƷΨжȴ˵˵ѡֻҪ˽ʿǼľӢײ㣬ֱճҰۣ򡣿˵ģȥΪС˳츮飬ֻ˼Ҳһɫ
ղſڰӦϼ˵䲻Ļͬʱ֪ȴݹȥһɫ׹֪ǿưǽָʹ½ˡܹ֮ؾ£û½ͷҲûпܡ˵ϵͬšѹ֮һ·ڶǣȥ֪ȴƨûС
˵Ҫȥ·ݵô죿ӦϼûԺԣڡ
ڣضʦĻ伮ǣ·ݵʱɲμ˳츮ԡѧҪǷĲܾ֮ܲͽϣһТġ
Ӧϼ̾Ϣһԭˣѵãѵá
֮Ĵʿֵ䣬£еһʿӶǴ̾Ϣ
ӦϼֵȥǲμҲã˳츮ӽ£֮Ի֮ءܹǵطоˣĽкôƾһسաĻ֮ؿģᱻ˸߿һۡҶĲѧǺĵģҲ֧ȥӦԡ
ڳɶԺԣͻᷢ񡣡
ȻԤ֮Уڻ˾Ӧϼ˼ǿ϶ģֻ֪ǵڼ
һ񣬾ͿӦϼЦԼڵȻǰ¶ϲɫһƽʦǰԺԲɢչأӦ֮ŷɣ֮٣
ʱ㻹סҲлûУȻоѧڹЦڣˣѾŹˡ
ѧԱ߲ʿŸʽ࣬˱Ӧ͹£š
˵ŻѧĨһѶͷҲ֪˿Ǻˮڣøлǡ˵ҪߣΪ˲ԣ˺ҵ˼ͨ㽫ϡʵɣ˽ԺԵһãͯһ·ڶǰףСԪˡңСԪһ֮еõģٶʷͷһϣԡԡҲøͷԪʿڡ
һеʿӶһĽͳݣ빰Ϊڵء
ȻһһּӦϼѧѧڶݣһ㲣¸жʦˣڴˣѧε𣿡
֪ʱŽһӵݹʿ꣬һ⣬Ϊ׳С
æ˻ȥϴˣС𡣡
ô㽫˽ʿҲطٵĹʡ
ڻؾӦϼȴ˰ɣ֮ѣӱ֮ͨ꣬Ǿӣף괺ǻЩʱգؽ顣ʦģ磬ûʲô͵ġˣ
һӣתȥ˵Ĵ

˹ȥıӰȭͷ
ͷȥɶѾϸϸ֣͸¶ŵ⡣
ǰУ뿪ĴƬأȴһƬΪա


096 İǰıƯ
ʦߺΣ֮ҲߺΣҲʦߺΣҲ
һ׶᲻˼ػش𡰱ʵǴġʵϣʷϣٷϿɵ׶һֱϾ
Ԫ꣬Ԫ谳ƵۣѡΪ֮ʱ̫濼ǹطһϾϾ۶УվȷʵһĵطһԭģڴԿԭȻҲǹϼҷطʵ̫ƫƧʺǣҲѡ
ǸõѡԭѾ֣þսң˿ϡ٣˶Ͼѽ
ʱɹţϾԳöϵĲƸɹ˿Գء
ˣϾʽΪ۹׶
Ԫ󣬺ܿͷ˾ۣ֮浱ҲϾΪ׶ҪڱңΪԭŻȺɽΣϿɸȫ֮ϾʺһӴ۹ľǡ
ʮ£ʽǨ󣬹ǵλ֮Ϊ˱ʾ̫أɳϾΪΪ㶼˵һֱõڣֻҶôںˡ
Ǩ֮Ԫ󶼵Ļϼһٶ꣬Ĺģ
վͨԭҰϣ̧ͷǰһƬΡ׳Ĵǣ峿Уͨ貣بʮƵ޷
ûи¥õ赲Ұصΰִ޷
˵һʶִˣһɲǣڻ𺳡
һµİ棬˳ִ۹ľǣı
һ·ϣͨͷĽͨѶϵѺ֮Ƽ˶ϢϴԤƿںϾ׷ǵģϧǳһǸϵ֮˻ʮս˾ǡ
ڲЩ·ʵǶдˣôҲ첻
ȣȻѾס컨˵Ļ͵ܻʱ䣬Ҫʮչ⾰ֲܼһ·ȻߵüھĻСϵڸɱ䣬Ȼһⲻ˵ġ
СһΪΪգС²Żָ
ŮСѾߵб仯ͻᷢա
һ·ٳУһ¹ȥߵ˵ͷȿǵĳţʱǼξʮѮ
ǵһŴıһĴ£ɶĳŽǡ
Ϸ׽ĳţһԼʮףĲĳ¥ӡǰһĺʽСش
ϽԶ鲼ڴżй״ӿڴк䵽ƯˮϡȸϲظʳȻҹ͵£ա
˳ţУڸǿ۾ˡ
ΪһִˣȤɽ󴨡ڳУǷ˺˶Щѵִܰбȥ
ɵȽ˳ǣ֪Լˡ
ǰĵ̣֯Сֿɾն룬һеĽȻֽ۹δ˥ʧòϣ˿̵۹ǿʱڣˣʼû䣬ֱ档
Ľص㣬שߣߴ׳ͷŶŵȡ־Ѿ뵽ÿһ䣬ɶ¼ķڣͬȴǹĵ̡
Ϊһִˣڸϲķ羰ˮϷʵ˵ѾʪˮߵÿҪùˡ˿̣صһգ͸һֵ⡣
һõط
⣬Լϰ꣬ȻμĴᡡԵ֮󣬵˽ʿƶȣڻںԺϼꡣҲ˵ںܳһʱ䣬
ǲЩıƯΪ룬һƬĵطֻͬã˿̵ΪĿ꣬ǰĵ·ȴޱһǣյˣЦ
һжδͷӽڵ쵽ŸһСԺȰ
ԺӺܴҲһĺԺŷӣ˸䣬ڡӡŮס´ࡣ
Ժùȡһ֡
óطƽҲûסˣҾȫǻҳԺҲ˲ݡ
˵ԺӲԼǱ˾ĹٲﰮסþסáΪصĵضƽռҲû˸ҹ߶ţ徻úܣʺ϶鱸
źһУ˵ȴСؼңȻȥŴ֮Ƽ˵Ϣٹ˵
ߺ󣬶ȽʰЪͬһɨԺӡ
ʰһУǰʱ֣ʹżűµĽ˼ʳϲ̵عڳԾơ
ƹѲڹƼˣʿ꣬վͻνָһְֱƹܱ˾گ棬չˣõģһؾͰźˡ
ګδ̩ɽˣȻ᲻ܡ׼䵽ƽȥۡĺˣǱߵĹ̫һȥ˵ģܹԲʲôͷƷ˺С㡭
һƣ˵С㣬һɫ
пЦֵܣŻ߾ʫʶǵһֻΪһֱĴԡı£ھסһӣؽ¡ֵܶŮɫȴüءƼҷ£˵Ѿӵۡʿ꽫࣬ǣ£ǰ;ȴǴз£޲ؽԼժƫƫҪʹϴա
һŮӶѣӺɷһȨ֣ʲôŮ˵ò
ʿҲǣ֪ô˵
⣬˺
ΪҲֵܿ
Цʿǣ
Ĵʱ˵ҪѰһȨȨ֮ҰƼĸŮȨ˼ҵҪ˾ͳǣҽȥץ˵ĵزʿ꣬ãҳĹļ
˵ƶҲ룬Ȩзܹ˾ͳѹסĻûˡԣ׸һĹ٣ĹϵСĽҰֱӶԻʵ۸ءףڸθܣûͬϸϷ֮ǰһ躹ޣ꽴͡ƲԣŸɵԣڸס
ôľֻ½ˡ
ָʹ½ξʵ۵ķСһȨʷǰĵĴ󸻺ڳУνһ죬Ȼ㲻ˣָܹʱ϶Ҫõĵͷ
һ룬½־ͺ֮ˡ
ԭ½
ʿȻǼ΢֪ţⶼܲ³һ
֪ƼĸŮȥ½ʲôʲôݽȥ


097 Сˣİ
һĵģϾƼĸŮѾﷸѾǵͼֻȥ½ңҲݣҲ֪Ҫܵ𺦡
һռͬ߹İһС㽫Ҫڱǰͷ¶棬ھ絶ʡ
ǿڵĵǣοʿ㲻õģС࣬ҲδĵϱôܲģҲýάСڲǡĴǣһ·Ҷ˺̺˿¡
Ϊǵһ㣬·ĥ˰죬˸⡣ǰ֮ûж˵һϲҲü½˵ź˵
½һСۣǰһʮŮס֣½ƽռ乩ҲǼáֻϧ춬Ů˷纮𻯷ˡ½дȥĴܴܲӶüɽе¸˽½ϸһ룬βƼСȥڵǳݣ𾴵ģδ֮Ҳᱻɵ˴ʱֻʿ˽ʿ˺֣ʿ˾޴С㻹ˡ
ڼξʵ۱Ǹȵڽ̷ӣϲѰǳϵķӡʹ֮йʿˡξʵΪҲŪһЩӣΪڸ
磬ʵϳʱۣͷڣҲͬĴ磬ׯϵ糯Ū
磬ĳһ꣬ξʵ۲֪Ūһҩ˵ҪôŮľѪҩ̫ռŮŻйŮַ˵ĥܶͼξʵ
ξʵı£Ǳӵһ
ĳλʮ굱лֹ٣ξΪõҩҲؽж
ã±Чɡ񣬳еóļ󳼣½ԵҲԼҼĳСۣԱͶʵá
ֻҪСܹ½ҵĵгң½ҵȨƣҲ˲ȥ鷳
ô˵ڳһվһҾл硣
ҵˣлͲ˵ˣҾȥ½ݼ½ͬ½˵¡һѽڷ˵ˣˡֵھۣշҪԾƣеǻᡣֵϱҪˡ
Ȼ󣬾ͼǶȥ
ȥ죬ղŻƷΰŵġѲɡʵ˵Сĸײʮֵ꣬һŮƯͣú
һйŹֵ뷨ںëˡ
ĵĴ࣬ڶգΪ·һ£úϴϣҪ緹͹ˡ
鷿һϢ˵½ѾӦСȥ֡
Ʒˣ½ҳ£ɵ﷿ˣƽռͰɨʲôġ
ŷˣ£Լ֪ĸ
Ц½ǰЩɣӣ½ҲҪġҾ˵СȻ׼ˣСл۸ʦӶüɽĴ¸УǸʵѡ½ŴӦˣǻЩǣ˵СĴĲŮдһƪģߵΪȥס֡
ڣдĻߵ顭ʫĻͰˣдֶΪС𣿡
Ц˭˵أ֮ǰҲʹС˵дֶˣš
һŴӻͳݸڡ
ڴһСıʼֺСдþƯ滹մŵˮĺۼ˵һаãסڱһɾԺҲûڲõġʵ򲻵ԣϧһȫڡܹ鲻޹⣬ΪЦ
һʹæ磬ζñС㡣
ȻʵڲУʿСдһƪе£ҴȥС㳭ȥ½ҹĿʿĲѧھУһдġ
ڿЦĵǰһӵĹ򶼻ʫʺͰ˹棬ֻдʲô飿дһֻ᳭贩ԽִһƪˣҲѡѾûξлصִ磬ٴδԽӦþһ죬һԡ
ؽСպãŽȻдҵһʱ
ΪΣЩ⡣
ö͹һ̳ƣһֻ룬һͷȾ
·ʱʣµҾƣߣдʫģҪУˣĵֵ硣дԽдԽáȥ˯һд㡣
ڷκصϣһЦǿŲʿͷ
һᣬ鷿ﴫ΢ĺȻѾ˯ˡ
Σͳ˼鷭
Ҳûȶ೤ʱ䣬ֻʱͻȻҲ˲ôЬôŽܵǰʣһ·дȥ
ʿꡣ
ȴشҲǡ
ʵû˵ϻò״ִҵһƪõ£ֿڵĹġָʶϳɾӣȴ֪˵ЩʲôֻһӲץʱ䳭һ飬û׼ˡ
һλִҲ֪Ҫȼ졣
дϾôվԱϸؿһȴһֵܲѧ٣ƽϰĶҾ䣬ʲôʱԵôͨˣ
ƪµĿǡŮ˼壬ľŮʱӵͶصַ
ࣺ
ж˾ͨӯйŮӶ߾У磬й磬֪֪𣬻Ԫ񣬷缴ϢϢɹ۶ãĿѨ֮ڣŹ㣬Ȼ𣬽ݣ׾Բλ
ƣϢˣκҺֻӳߣֶţҪ֪ԪڣӤɣܱΪλڵ޾͡
ԳζڹأΩŮ죬ʼϹϪйڣչ¹ӹ»ΪһѨԻ̫ŮѪԻ̫Ρ
Լǧ֣һƪ۲дꡣ
ȻʮһСڣܹԼǧ֣дһʱֱдŮʿնΪֹŴ˴Ⱥ֣ص˵ͷĵó£ùŹֵĴʾ䣬ʱѵ䣬ؼʱóˡ
ƪ³ʱѧѧ߳ӣ
ӣһ˰꣬һȥΪȫɾʿйЭ᳤㽭ʡʷݹԱ׫Сͥ塷Դע⡷ﲻŮڵεʫעȣɺ˽ἯСлѧ飬Ӱ졣ǽңִѧĴʼˡ
֪ʶԨΪ˵ִнӽõɵĵһˡ
ǷڹŴǹʦһˮ׼
ڽ̺νɣںȤҲɡɻɹ黳ɣΪһйˣѧӰ졣һĶҵ̬ȶǴۡţҲԣֱҪľη֮ġ
ԳͨŽĵѧѧʣ³ȻޱȶĿޱҫۡ
ǰҲǽӴѧģʶеͽһã


098 Ǯʱ
д£֮󣬼ǵȥ˳츮伮˵վͻ˽͹֮󣬾͸Ƕȥ
伮ΪҪϾۼžҪ£¾˳츮ԣȥ
ڶգиµĽ̽Ӿʹ伮˵չأһƬ棬Ǹ졣
һš˵СѾã½ҿдºʷǳ⣬˵СǸΪĴ֮ˡ½ҵĵۣŲ
һⲻﲻķ
ʱҲ̫ˡ
С鰲źãҲˡ½ƣҲȥ鷳
˵ȥ˳츮伮ڶԾһĨڣ˵Ǹ̽Ӧǰ·ġ
ǼһһΪѣ֧˰죬Ҿ˵ûй£ԼҲȥ˳츮˲ô򽻵õ˺һû
֣΢һԭɡ
ԭǵΰ˵Բ֣ɱõҪְǼӹԱһҲʡˣط˳츮
ӽ£֮Ϊ׶أ˳츮ְλرԺգƷ֪߳ͨһ㶼ɼΣλͬѲһķ⽮ںίԱһʳĶˡ
ƷҪ˳츮ԵһЩ˼ȫԲӡĹһǿԳʹֻҪá
ڲʹΪѣԼһӦȻ뱸ЩС£Լܰˡ
ȵ˹¥ϵ˳츮ţҵصİԱʱ߲ŷ֣²ô򵥡
ͷ飬ƹܻһԱͽȫӻ䲻˻
Щȣæʾôһ¡
ǹԱЩͷȵ㻹Ϊһ仰飬˵õɣ仧Ǿôܹȫնųǣˣմɣ伮ҪȷļͥסַҪﱣı顣סûУʲô
һüͷԼסﱣıҪʲôʽ
˵Լסãһ˵ǹԱһ񣬺ȵǵطģٺӡǵطǱõĹٲɣʲôʱĲҵ伮ǣôķ
ЩףпЦִᣬҪñϡִеĻڣҪְҵһԼķӡһȫȨӲָͽͼڴаҵ˿벻Ҳˡ
ȷǹԱ˵׽Ժӻ治ĲҵҲû취ȥͱд顣
˿һ׷ӲС
ڵıؼۺҲ̫ߣδʮڣʱѿĽһչ׳󣬾Ƿز۸񻹽һҲһʲͶʡ
˹вƣΪһ͵йˣҲףһҲǴΪĶϻвǮƼ˲ʱʮƼʫͷӮһӳɶʱ֪ʮ
һٶӣչ൱ںĺüʮңӦùˡ
죬ھæڳѰҺʵס˶ˣҲ̫Сò״Խô˵ҲŪʮƽĸҲ̫ˡ
죬ھʹŶѰҺʵԺӡ
ͷķ۲ߡ𣬱Ŵһ䷿СĺԺҲʮڵططݣǵ͵ףһʮƽķӼֵӡ
ͷǮӦùˡ
һʣ֪Լסĩʲôʱֺǰսң񷿲ֲΪͨʵ̫۸͵Ŀĵز
Ʒÿǰ£義һһڣۼߡ
ڳȦŷ־ǸͲͨĵطһ˫ЬӣֵǮһ˿£ʮӣһʯףһͨСѾߣʮ
ڿһЩĺԺھۡ
Ǿӣסᵽ֪Լʱ˵Ǿ仰ĺ塣
ôڳй˼գһ
Ǹչص飬֪ں˹ϵУֺá˵ҪӰ£Ūô鷳סԺӱǱð참ʱﷸļҲһֱʵڿ⡣˵Ľ飬β۸˵
д󶯣ԺӵطĴסˣ᲻뿪ʼ۸񣬹ش˵һʮͬ⣬ȥ
ͬһ£ã͸ǮԺӡ
Ȼŷﱣı飬ȥ˳츮˳˼
һŪףʮȥˡ
˷ӣҪôˣͷͻȻֱ죬ͻȻԼֻʣʮӣſ
Ϊãͷȥŷ򡣿ǵ㹤Ǯֲʲô¡
ӣҸҺڵĲʹˡ
պļܿʷС˵˵˹һԽŴִ˳Խ˼֪ʶϵŪһĿҡһ䣬ɵйԵɽ亣ζУȢʮ߰˷С檡򶹽һ뵹һ롣û¾Ͻȥ·̫̫רķ
ںôҲǸƴѧҵкϣǮף
տʼʱ׼ŪƼһĶдԽִʱҲݿ˼ԽʷС˵׼è
˼ʮС˵ѡ˷úĿɵгһ죬ŷ¸вͨúⶫȻ㣬ҲԼú̿ú̿ҲֻڶҸϲľ̿ƽϰò˵ľķζҪõöࡣ˵ú̿ҲҪǮģ֮£̻Щ
пǹԽɺܿͱԼˣûǮⳡءӶˣǹԭϣҪһͶ롣˵ղĻѧҩƷʲôģҪһĲҵ֧֡
ֻҪһʧܣ㹻ԼծۡĿҲֻܵԺʵȤʱ
ڻˮƱʲôģһһԼˡ
һĿܶණ֪ԭġȻʱļʶɻǵܵʱԼ
Ҳһ˺ε顣
ʵһЩĺá
ڻĴֵŹԼܹһϵŻߵݣ˺ũԼϣ˵ƣɣ㹻һ˳Ա
Ǳš˶֮ꡣ˵Χǻׯд̼ǣ˭ûк̨ôСţ
ǰֻһ·ߣ취ԼıʲôʹôţܹȥСʲôģҲ
ڻǺܿͷϵ⡣ĿеλߣȻԼʵǡ
˼촩ԽС˵Ժˣ߳ȥܲҵСôҲðԡ


099 ѧһ
Ƕ׼ɢأǷǸңʡ̻ڴ˵ضвҵ
ˣĦࡣ
֣̾Ϣ֪̿ƶáתһ룬˵λͼ˽;˵ɣý£˭ῴ
˵ĵطвƣ˵ĵطⲻ̸ơ
ڽת˼Ȧ˺üأߵ»ײһһƬǳй˵լأԶԶȥΡһƬƣľ
ԱߵĲоʹһ˵֣˵½жټҲ˵½ָǵ󸻺ÿöȣֵһӡ
˵㣬Ȼ֮ˡ
֣ôܡϸײһʯÿﲻʮġһӵ⣿ӵȻǲš
㶮ʲô֪װⰡ˼½ʲôݣôѰʳϷˣȺˮǶͥϵĴ㣬벻˵ġֶһˮӺǧǣˡΪ˱ʣҪŹ԰˰Ӽ͵ǡһͰͷһ㣬ͷ֮㻹ʵġͰȴҪһһͰ½ˮͶʳһˡ
һ󾪽УƳҲˡ
кЦԶﴫˣҲֻƭƭûͨˡ½ĸȴһ޷ġ
½һСĸŮб½ңУ½ҵϢǺܹĵġͣ˽Ųֱ߽ݣһ裬һߡ
Ŀ˶̧ͷű棬ȻǱ֮һϯסˡ
ӵݵһĿ࣬̾ϢһӣǹһҲֵˡˣȥҲǺõġ
ȥ㲻һƤǵطҲȥġһЦЦʵҲûлᡣ˵ûС½ҵѧ˵ֻҪϵĹղ½ֻҪʵѧֱ½ҿУܹȥ飬ÿӵ·Ǯá
ܰɣֻҪȥÿ¾½ǲɵˡ֪һ˼ҵֱϵӵÿҲ㻨ȥ˽Ӷ飬Ҫѧѡ½ҵãǮѧ
Ͳ֪ˡԵ԰Լļʶ㣬˵һ½£Σúܡ½£ʲôȱǲȱǮ½ںϼѧɽ괺½ͲˡһͣһͲ˴꣬ǰȥˡ֪Ҳ˶ã˼ϼҵӵܶᱱҲȥʱаǧգܹĿǧ긻󣬴һ˭Ҳ㲻
Ҳһꡣ
ֽŵ½Ȼȴʢ½ǰ½ҶӣһҲֻӡ
ү½پӽ˾ǧ½ⲻ֮󣬸һӦɴүƹܡϧ½үһֱûжӣү½Ϊ̫䣬Ǹ͵ˣҲô£һŮ½½½ˬ
ϴ½Żڣ黹ɣѾŹ϶һɾֻ͡ϧ̳в½ľλͼҵ
϶½ǵҲ½δϣǡʵ̫ˣĴǰںʱͺЩ¡
½ˬճŮ귽ʮδס
˵һͨԱ߾òͷ֣˵Щͬ½ҵǮʲôϵ
㶮ƨйϵˡ˵˵աб½ңҪ½ͷġϧ½ǽںĲݰһڿʼεˡ½ҵӵܾǨƵǣѧȻҪģ½ҵȨƣʲôʦ벻½ȴǷҰ˵ˣں֮ŪΪź˼ӵһ߳࣬īߺڡ½ү̻ˡ
мڴˣ½үھǰѧ˱ӵ⣬һйֱӳʵУǱĬܲܰ½ȥЩǮȥ˵ҲǾţһë
˶ǻȻҲðȤһ˵ˣѧϵУ粻ѧУҲ׾ͱˡ֮ٲУܵŨصѧϰգĳɼҲˡû취ҶѧϰˣҲҲš
½һ˵ġ


100 ѧ
ûطУҾԼһУ
ʦԴԺĽǮΪԼҵĵճһõѧϰһȨ½ֱʻǾˡ
ڼָпִᣬй˶ԺĽӳ̶Ҳȫġ
תһ룬ȴⲻ½һԸ뷨ûʵʩĿܡ
ʦʲôʦ½ҵݣҲžһİɡѧˮ׼֮ˣ˭ǽʿǰԶȥν̣һ˵˽ʦţ˼ܳн˾㲻ˡ
ѧ½ҪϵĹѧһǮƵ£Լǿ飬٣ͷȥҪһˣͨҪȫ֮
ܿŵģڹŴᶼ˼ӣҲʵ˼ӵܣȻϸĺǻȱǮҲȱʦ
ȵ˾ˣҪ׼ȥʿʵڿеģҲ׼ȥְȥˣ˭˼飿
½ÿӵĹûõóֵʦйĶȷʵûʲô
ȻҲкʿΪ˳ԷͶģ½ҵȨƣӦòǺܶࡣ
˰죬Ե˵Խûб߼ʣȻ½ƽռԷõǽӣĲ޳档ģֺ˼ڲ裬߳˲ᡣ
һһ˼ҳ͢˵ĴլԺЩ˼ɵѧǸרоŴʷĽڣͼˡ
ԣߵһƬլԺǰǰϰˣ˴磬ڼ˵Щʲôһʱ˳ӿȺС
СıУɼرȺƼų嵽ǰ棬̧ͷһլŵϹһ̽ң顶󶼶ĸ֣ǳŹ֡
һ˵ĵţɿۡӦһ˼ҵľۡ
飬һ𣺡ⲻǼξʵ۵ܹûʵдҶֹپ󶼶ģ½˭
ξĵŷǳŹ֣ܳͳԪһռ˼ϼһԪӦħТ۾ϴϼʥͳԪ֤Ӧ״ٵ۾
ڶʷʱھǲȫ
ƼξҲôĵţҲǳ鷳ԾԷԳơ
󶼶½Ĺְ
ڿЦղŻڲ˵½ȴСߵ˼ǰ
Χ˶˴磬½ѧġΪĸʸȨȴ뻹ôܹͶ
˶һڴɫܣڵȴʲô
ڴ۾˵лв˵ģһ¶Ժܶ˶Ī
ڱ½ҳκιϵҪıӡڶƾ٣ͷϣиʿַӸ㶨ֺαȥѧУֿࣿ
Ĵʱ򣬾ƼʫĵһҲûҪɽοڡ
뿪ĲͻȻ򿪣һŰɫ峤һȺҶĴӵ˳
Ȼ½λĸߣĳȺһɧǰ񣺡̹ܼҡ̹ܼҡؽиͣ
ةƷ٣ο½ȨƱ֮ڸй֮޲
̹ܼǸˣΪ˷ǳֻλ˳츮Ķӣ½֮ūΪ½ѧļſҪѧ飬ϵĹλ֮к඼ûйİɣһáʥƣн࣬ɼȻ½ūҲûа취ǸǸ
һϯ˵õ󷽣һţûйʿӶЩ˼ȴÿֻҲûҪ½ѧ˵ļѧϹΪޣҪʫϱһϸ¡ҵȶǶ˳̳ʢᣬȻҪһΪ졣
ǰȻͽĦźãҲ֪½ѧʣ
̹ܼҿػش˴գһ죬һ
ãһźءڳʮţ±϶ҡһ˷ܡ
ƻôʧˡ̹ܼҺһЦڣֳҲû취ԡǰվΪʵ̫Ϸ˶ˡյĿڸУҽȥǸǸǽɣˣɢ˰ɣ
ûֿˣҶЩʧ˽һŹĶ˳ӵ
ܿ죬нʮ˱Ƶ̨ǰ
ȻûֿɿʧȥȤҪ뿪˰ǰһƣλ̨ˣȥ
һʱƳȺ
ԭʿֵĹأһ˹ͲҴ·¹ڷͶһ֮棬һݲ죬˾ٱҪѧ𷣵ġ
ڵŹȻҲ˴硣
һСܵ½˵ɿ˳ȥ
̹ܼҼһ߱۳걻˳۾һһһꡣݲݲȵʣͲͨеġ
λ֪꣬մȥɡ
֣ɣ˼Ҳġղż֣͹ˣˡ
̹ܼһЦһԴĵȴǺͿˡ˷϶ļҹӵܡ
ԭڴԽѾüˣ仯òҲ𽥱ִǸͼԱ
ִ㲻ʲôѹӣȴҲǳò󡣶ңִΪʶ㣬ȴһִݲȵĴ
ִֻڴ󸻴˼ҡ
ԭˣȴ֪Сǳļҵӵܣ
ˣЩ˼Ҫ͡ʱ½ҴͻȻ߳һ°ɫĶˣһȡ
ڣɫȴһ䣬ȻЦһԳ̹ܼҵȴʶڣĴϣЩСϧƷúܡ
⻰ȥȴǰڳɶǼһ͢£֪Ĵӵܡ
̹ܼңԭ⹫ӡ⹫Ӳ½ѧİź
͢ͻȻһЦҲڣδزǣ֪ģƶڳɶʱмֻ龢дüʫĴͶ˰йҲ֪ôľ˱˵½ļѧһĶ˳꿡壬ȴˣùġ
͢µڽҹʱ˵һʧȥһ½СǰͷĻᣬֺּޡȻҲ֪ڵĲŻ˵ãһĪؾһŭ̲סơ
˵꣬ؿһۣڣղ벻ҲŹôʸ½ôǺǣɲǳɶСطһ˳鶼ȵ˵ġ£
Ҳ΢΢һЦ֣ڵʸ˭ɷ򣬸󵫴ӿƳȡ֮һҪ½ҽף߽ݾҲΪʿЦǲԸμοԣҪ½ѧǾ֮͡
ڻе˼Ǽ͢һ½ҵŮȨɡ⻰䵽У͢һǵͨ죬̲סŭһøԴڣ浱½ʲôط˵ʲôɵĴ󻰣
ξ֮СϾǸˣЩ˵ô˳츮Ķ˵棬ӭսԺҲʿлˡڵһЦ˵ͷڹһԣֻĽһֻǳʧġ
̹ܼԱ߿һЦԽԽϲӲоȴʮ㡣ǰ½̫ү֪ٳسĿⶾһ۾Ϳ˽ĳɾͱضǷ򶨵ʿмŰ׹žζ
½ζ˲ţӪһõѧϰΧԱүһѧϰ˷ʾѣнѧ
һ֣⹫롣
Ҳƴǣһ½ǣʩʩȻ½
Ϊʮͣһ·ϣ̹ܼҶͬ˵Ż
ͨĻ֪½ѧʮꡣҪʮйѧȥȥˣѾ˾գһ
һСƷ½Ҳ֪Ƕôɽ
ֻϧҶǵһμ棬ЩҲ˵
һѣܹ½ѧлƼĸŮѣҲþͽæ˵ÿ»ӵĹһҲˡ
½ѧҲһȫĺ¡
һ˵Żһ˼ڲûзԱߵ͢۶Ǽ𡣾ǿˣҲϡ
͢ԱԽԽջ̹ܼ½ĸڸеλߣƽռ׼ŮҲûʲôȴмӣա
ͻȻЩڵʫҲǶģҲʫ籡𺳵úǷһӲŻָ
һŻڵˣβ֪е
½ƾϵĲѧܵ½̫үүͣ⡣
ѧȵذķͷѹˡ
ղҲһʱ嶯ųڣȴڴӦǰ
ڵˮ׼Ӧܹ˳صġ
һ뵽͢һңڵóӶˡ
Ҳ֪Ժӣ˶ٻȣִһɽƹȥǰȻʣһ޴Ļ˳Ծ̴Ҿߣûۡ
ƼҲǸˡͬ½һѡ
̹ܼҴڵʮʿӽ˴Ϳһʿ
˵òΪʣϴźЦݣɹȴһɾþλߵǿ
վڵˣͬʱ
үôԹˡ̹ܼҼæȥ
͢Ҳһʩ񣺡үȣ˼ҹæϸȻӡ
½Ĵ̫½쿡
ʲôæ̫±֮ءǸɢ֮ˣôȥŵġ½쿿ЦһüĿ֮Լһ˿ɫΪ½ҲҰ£͢£ôҲѧɢ𣿡
͢¹ά̫֮֡£ҳ£ȴҪ֮ү࣬ЩҲѹСֶҲˣ½ѧ顣Ϊʵȣѧɢ硣Сйүӣʰ̹ܼѧһ·˵ѰҪͲˣǶȥɡֻһˣҲûʲô
ֻܹ˵үѧļһû½Ҷ顣
ȴû뵽ôһ˵ү½ȴ£ԭпѧҲȤҲǾ˳ϲȷ֮¡ԣٽվҲţһССĿԶѡ
˵ŻЦؿˡ
һŶͬʱҾ
ö񣬲ö񡣡½һ֣⣬ҲŪ̫ӡдһƪԼģá
Ŀǳ⣬Ϊ½ѧʿӵĲŻѧô˵Ҳдʫʣһƪ˹ʱʲôġ
֮ǰҲǰЩ׼
ΪһþɳĿƳϽ˽ҳ㷹ıҲһ
ȴ½ȴôһĿ
ֶ˶дȴЩ鷳ȣ㲻ǫ飬ֵǫֻ˾ûʲô£ȱšŹͷδԵÿʵ䷴
еĶȺѰգòСӦ
ǣһĽţ˵˫΢΢
Ϊ˹ԼٲҲһֻ˹£оּģһ̣¶ЦݣǰεЩдְŵ˼һӣн뵱ְֵܱ꣬ͬͶһۣȥǻǶ°
ͻĸоˡ
½쿣ЩʿӶйһǲǸ߸Ͼ꣬ʷȱҪ߳ࡣڵƵЦݣ½쿲⣬аЦʮ߰ͣӾͳȳҵͬһʱȴǴ硣Ҳ֪ʵĲѧΡ
͵Ը̹ܼңֽʸϡ


101 ѧ
һʱ䣬û˵пűʵͷ˼ôʾ䣬дܴ½ү
Ҳպһī˼ãȴþûʡ
дһԼŶ˵Ҳʲô£ԴӴԽ˵׼ʲôʱͻزȥ˵ľ֮ƽҲرڷܣʱ񲹵Ĺѧ֪ʶǴǰѧ
Ϯ⿿汾дĹҲмֹ
ȻͬʱһǱȱ˼ֻǴʾ֮ķִ󣬵ʵãһЩдϻв硣
ҪĴϺǱƴ᲻ֻ£ִ˳Խʱļʶ͹½ү
ţ˷Уһԡ
ͷ˱ʣ˼
Աߵ͢¿ףΪ˼ϾһƬ⣺øڣҲдʱ㵱ڳɶǲǺܵ𣿲ǺųĴһ𣬽쿨˰ɣ
ٺ٣дʫİɣȻҪȴҲȱٲáһһݰҲд˸Žľ䡣ûˣŸ߰˶ҲѶϿݳֲֻá
ʱиھϱ˱ƼˣһһסȥʱŮվ·ˣȥڶΪǧ̸Ʋɣ˿вҲ
˵ڴС͵˴һʱͿһʱȻĴųȬûϹѧûʲôѧ
ڳɶܹ֮дЩƯʫģʹȻ
ֶ޴ĥһٹˣͻὫԭΡ
յڹҲˡ
ûУûѧ֧ţҲͨһ
͢¿һ⣬̲סЦ
Ц̧ͷȥͿһż΢΢졣͢µͦǳģҲδ̫խˡҲͬСһǺĥһţȡдúһ㡣
ΪȣֲִЩֻҪˣͿȵʤһ
Ҳ͢£ֽͷȥ
䵽͢УԽ϶Ѿɲž
½תͷ͢һۣ΢Ц͢£Ҳıѧ֮ʿľʱ򣬲ƷһһʮžӣҲ
͢ҲǵΣүֻоžӣ˺дңСֶεºܣ˼ǰҪСֶҲĿдһƪ£үָҽ½ѧҲûԣܻѧĹء
½Щ⣬ȴǻϲԭ͢Ǽϲ̲סдúúãֽ
ãһƪ¶ѣּãѿڶҲöʡ
ţ½ү͢´Ϊͣ΢Цס
£͢һҡͷԵԼŵǲõٳģٳȫƪ˫Ϊһ仰ĸ֣һ֡£̹ǻ
ʵϣٳһʼڶ峯ʱ𽥳֮ͣһ
½Ǵ֮֮Ϊ¡
ҲϿڣ͢¿ڳһʱ䵹дŵʣϸֳɫ
͢µٺãȴռ¼ȡҲʼɡ
Ҳ½ү꣬Ŀã۾һã͢µдã֮㣬μӿԣҲؿҼѧûˡ
Ȼкã½үҲǸвѧ֮ˡȴ΢΢Щ̾Ϣ͢£дûȴδʧ֮ն֪صеľҪȱ⣬Ҳ˽£ƽһ
ͬѧʿӱǲģռס
ǲҲСĳ
үСֶ㲻ʽμӿԣ͢ͻȻָڣСֶҲռ˵ͬȡʤ˾Ͳܽ½ѧʤ֤нѧö
ָ˵Ŀⶼ䵽ϡҲǾȣ͢ºǰкĳԹ
û뵽͢»ҵԼͷϣҲջѾ͵ˣ㻹֡ǻдٳĶѣʲô˲ٳֲʲôѶȵãǡﻪ챦䶷ţ֮棬˽ܵ飬³·֮齡ʳϼɣˮһɫƣƾ汾дһƪȥ¡Ȼôۣͱҳһƪǧĳ̨
ֵ͢ȻǼõģѵò˼ݣƬ̹ǧԣĲӵ㡣κʱĲӽ߲ʫҲˡվֱܽ͢ȥȴһ֮¡
˵꣬͢ڳ½һʩ񣺡үڽЩ뵡д֣Ҳһڳ¡
ŶҲҪͥУãɡ½Ҳ⣬ղ͢µȻдüãҲûܽȥ
Ҳѧ͢µӣɤӣ̸ʿ۶Ի÷򻧺Ըһʶ½ݡ֮Ľһڴˡܹ֮磬֮£ʹں߶֮һţʮ
û׵ġ뺫顷½漮㽭ƽƽسݸϽˣ½ֱ˳֮Ϊ½ݡ
ԵΪ׺ǹŴһƣʾݵ󡣱žͱ˳֮ΪŽꡢԬǺˣԬǳ֮
΢޸һƪ£½ȥ


102 ½Ҽ̳
ǰ
͢ҡͷʱڴúһСڣһһŮһɫյվڸǰһС
ú֮лһɫϸɴŵмֻ۷ڻз衣һɴƯĻͷ·ǻһ
Ϊɴľﾡ۵ס
һһŮʮͣеǸΪʵֺǿɰֻ˫Ŀѱ͵ഺꡣ
Щ֣˵ú˧
һСȴЩСƤټСɫԵû䡣СС죬໹˼ɰȸߡ
˶Դǰ̽ȥΣ
Сãʲôʱ߰СЩƣһֻ˸ٸץһֻˣҪ䵹Ѱ
꣬С㣬õ鷳ˡֻͷ󽫾ѾӮһٶӣôȥѰСѾͷñһʣȸƤضǰ͹㣬Ҫںˣ˰ɣҲܣһ㣬Ҳ̫࣬һǧ
⣬ޡСãʨӴſڰհհգһǼҰɣܲԶõȵ뿪˵Сӿ˿һ˷ܵ͢£ջ𣺡˷ϻʵ̫࣬úܣҲ֪ʲôʱŪãһҪȥ½˵ĲأѾԼ˼Сȥ·ץסһͨ˵
СѾͷôһ˵˷󣺡ҪܰǵöֵʱңþûѪ¼ˡ
С㡣СӾɫһ䣬æָ촽ϡ
СѾͷͷСȥ磬ôӣȻҪʹܣõүү֪ϸʵһƤϴ˾ϲڱС棬㶯Իᱻ״
ң½Сľᣬһ˾ģҾͰѵʲô浱ǸеĳﰡСֺһҲԥ˶´·ǼһԸ񣬿϶ȥ״ģʱԿĻԼ
ôˣСѾͷɣۼſ֣дʧ
ʲô£ǲɵģҲ֪ʲôʱ뿪ҾûȤأ˵δķǸʲô͢ôô룬ʲôģҡͷˡⱬƢŪëۣһ򡣡Сӿ˿鿺ܵ͢£ȭͷ
ʲôѽʲôδķСѾͷɫѿӣٷϻŶ
û˾½Ĵ󷿵ϵ½͵Ů½ˬ
ճ͢Ĺأ½ǰĵȥ֮ղ½Ϯλ½ҵһ̳ˡ
½Ǻʵʷϣȥֱ֮׷Ϊҳϲݡ
׻˵֮סκһ壬ۼҹɭϣʱܻЩӵܡ
ο½Ѿš
öںû˹طη½ҵȨƣ첻µزµƢɸĲ˴ǰǷѵӡ
С½ˬµһֻ˶ĶӮ˲Ǯү½ϲｫֻͷ󽫾ȥ졣ȴ룬ǳӺܲʵһ֣ʹ˳ܵӰ١
Ѱʱ½үˣýǶ
Ǻǡ½һЦ˵Сã£ĺˣȥ졣˰СӴܡ
ˣҲûãϾүүµģʲô취½ˬѵõЩ͢ô˵أѧеģ˵ҲᣬȤý
Ͼӵܣ͸һɴ˵Լδ£½ˬɫͺ˵һԼ޹֮¡
㡣½Ҳ·ϣֻһˣӿ͢¾ǲ˳ۡúöĿԣʲô£ⲻ԰װװΪǱȼŰ׹ĴӣҿǹƨͨСã࣬˵˵ǲ
Ҳǰ͢ƪдúܺð½ˬ͵ٳĽĴ̹֮Ϊ£һ˵ĲԼŰɣһдˣ˵һЩ׻󻰣߷ŵӣƴʱԡжȴðգ׾͹Ȳ˷СƪȴһζŪ壬ƫƫдζʮ㣬Ҳ˷СѰ˼֮£Ҫд£ίʵס
½ƽѧգû˼飬½ˬĻƶǶ¾֣˵ˣסС࣬˵ãǾĺáϲ͢µ£ȥѧõʱСдƪˡ
дʲôдֿնĶҲŲϡöأ
ǣʲôʫʸ踳ģȥ½˹Сãо˱飬ʲôʯͷÿúܣҪҪ
鿴ˣŪСΪϲ
֪ϲϴǱʯΣ
Ҳ
ô¡СӺٺٵСЦţҲ֪￴ˣһ׮¡ʱֻҶҪܵǣ
ʧʱؿ
л˭壬ˣ¾ôš½ˬܴ󷽵˵һֻǮʲô򲻵
½ˬ͵͵һ
ʱ͢µˡ
½ҵĵϵӵ˵ıûκ˼
ѫ֮ңҪͷأе·ͷӡ
һǱĹѫƾ
ѫӵһʹһߵ㡣ȵһͻᰲŵǿŶȵ̳оλͻ˳µĳΪ͢س
ˣȫûҪͨǰʮ꺮ͨƾٸıԼˡ
һǱľ֮֮˼仯ŴĹƾ𽥳Ϊ
ǣ仯ڼξ仹ôԡ
½ЩУôá¡ʳ󰡢ŭС˵ԼʼеҪȤζ
ˣ͢µдúҲգҲաڣڷ𷴻Ҳգ½˵ûκ˼
Ϊ˰죬˶ģȥϳ
ȫǾʷӼ֣˼ֶεط˻ȥ
½ˬ˰죬һдġ־֮£黹ЩڣһĿɶԡ
ʱʵ̸ʿ۶Ի÷򻧺Ըһʶ½ݡ֮Ľһڴˡܹ֮磬֮£ʹں߶֮һţʮ
СͻȻһЦ˵˵үүȳܹˣҲ졣
˵ֵҲЩζ֣ͣϸ
֮ʿھԸ֮֮ǧ֮ë죬ʹڵӱѶɡ
½ˬ޿̣̲סЦŶ½磬һƨԴúܡʲôǧ֮ë죬ʹڵӱѶɣ
ôˣʲô⣬̫


103 ⲻƽ
½ˬ͵仰˼˵ôڶıбëšʹл¶ŸɣҾ˰
½˵ԴúܣЩöˡ̰ҼȨƣԴԶˣͼһţû˼úܡ
ȷʵö˱ǹӵܣʲôûҲвٲŻ֮ˡУνѧӬӬ֮ͽ½ңıȡש
һүүһūձ״
ԣ½ˬȻڷǳвţȴûʲô˲
½ˬһ߷š־һߵ磬ŰɣǽʲôڵĿ϶Դޣ˵Ǹʲôʲôˣʲô¡
Ȼڼڣ£侩ʮý̸ʮ£ࡣ䳤ųߣˣ塣˳ļҲھգ
ĩһաϵϳ÷·Ҫʯһɺš
вм½ˬ
òϣƪдüá
Сá
˵š½ˬ½

ڴ֮Уһնʱͱˡ
ǰ͢ƪдһ㻨Žأֻǰͷңֻãɺعͷһ룬ȴʵҲûдʲô
һ֣֣һһԵģתɫʾߵʹ䣬籼кӣԴ϶£޿赲
ûоʫδʵϴʱյΪ󡣸ﻹɢĵĵӣƾٴˣ˹ĵĸʽǽ
дһʣȸԼ˸ƣʽΪȡµĿɶԣ˵ѧֵ̫ǿ
ŪĲʵģҲǺ˾һףһ֡
ָɾ϶˵£ȴǷëǣѵü
ڽͦøֱӺ趯˳䡣
ӽ֮Ե֮
˷Ң˴˭ܾƣﻭ棿ɾᣬֵСϴˡ͹ۻ飬ֽī֮ˣȻɨдϡƼ̣Ѧ֮šΩ󿪽ΣΩͼ֮
ˣһƪ뺫顷ꡣ
ڳҾء
˲䣬ֻҷͨƳĶѨԽ崵ˡ
һʹԱɢĽ춼ڼδ㣬ȻӼоʧȥԼ衣
ֱǸ߲ɼ񷶥
ǡ¯أ̡ƺ֮ˮ廨ǧãơ͡˻ʱֱƷò׺ʫƷ嫣ʫ׵λ档
һͷȻ½Ҵάһüף糾侺»֮ɵ;ȴһת͵ذ˽ͷ­߹
ǵģ׾ʫ
ⲻ£ʫ
͢˫־εšһ촽ףУֻУôôУΪⲻ£ȴ룬Ϊʲôܻήٵͷϡ
ⲻƽƽ

ž½ˬе˵ϡ
ĬĬ߶ڸղƪ£ֻһѪҺˡ
ǰֻϲС˵ֵҪ˵¡ºÿУִʲôģֻҪܽ˵Ϳˡ
ɽȴͻȻֱҲħġڸУЩ򵥵һȴһֶĿĹʣʣ޷

½쿲֪ʲôʱվʵϣº͸վ崵ɣ󿪴ϵƣ߳ХЦơ
ã꣬һ̣Ҳֻ˵
һƪԼ飬һܲ𣿡˿ˣǾûٱȥ𣿡
һ㼦Ƥͬʱͷ˵һ仰
Ҳ͵͵һãƪҶܱСʵϣƪɢѾ¼Ŀα벻ôȥˣһֲؼǵá
ãڣ½ѧɡ½ؿһۣ˵ͷվ߳
½ү̹ܼǰڣ⹫ӣ½ѧѾΣջ뵽½ҡȥԺͬԼ˼ʱͼص㡣
΢΢һЦֳ˹˹֣תǣһشľ
½ۼĶ˶Ѿɢȥֵտȷ棬ʱһˮɣ÷С
ȴΪ֮һ񣬷·ǰյĵǺ;ȶ˳źˮк
ʵ˵ܹ½ҶҲһӿãٲΪδƷ
ֻҪһ괺ǣ˽ʿӾǰȥˡ
Īؽ½ѧ飬ȥɣ½ҵȨƣڲһССţ
ĴôҲǸʿȴҪȥԺѧ˵ȥ̫
˵¸ôӽأҲ֪ôµģ
ǰŵʱ򣬶ӻ˵úڼϰΣ׼μӾ·ݵԣҪܡ
ɴÿ춼Ҫȥ½ѧҲ֪ͬⲻͬ⡣
Ҳ


104 Ǻõ
صУ﷿˵ŮͶӣ˶ˡ
ò˵ŮȻʵĲʵҪͷҧһɲȵζƺӡ
̧ͷȥȴһͭǮڶǰϣҲ˵ֻǺǵЦš
ջ֦΢Цŵӽ㣬°ɣҶһˣռǹӳǮҩͲüˡ񣬹Ѵͬ۹á
ԣһˡ˵Ӵ°ɡʱЩԹӵĲѧвƿ졣ͱƴˣù֪ˣеǡ
ҡͷʹǵǮⶼͷһһѪĺˣﻹЩǮٲ˳Ժȡ
ӽ㡭ŮȦһ죺ǸŮǷʵ̫ˡ
ѵġ̾ϢһǴǮսС
˵׶ЩеƵˡԴ˷֮ͷҲûʣӡʡãҲܰԡŮͷȣܻвȫĸоŽˡ
ͨһϯǶﵱ˼ңѱ˴˵һˡָо˷ǳִܰᣬڹ¶һѾܶûּܹͥůпͬʱҲоϵΡ
˵ԽŴʲôջĻֵϧĶ
飬Цеƿţ㣬˰ɣ֦ԽԽˡ
ŵسűӡ
ӻˣá֦վһѰϣЪһڱ㻹ϰ߰ɣӿɾúЩˣ
عӵĻĴҲûʲôͬЩ֦еʱоæػ
Ŷҩǵóԡ֦ҩǮҲġҽжȥѰźĴѰ˻ã¹֦ЩˮŮȷʵ࣬һ»ǵóԶӵҩ
ижӶ£СһӶġӴ˵Ҳ࣬ͣ͡һӰɡ
ôͣû˵ӾУ֦ۼһһͣҩٲǰô๦񲻰׷ˣ
һЦǰҲõǮ飬ҽı˸ʹһʣЩҩǮҲûʲô˵ġ
ӡ۾һ
ǵߣɹ˵ĿСӳ˹֦ҩǮ㹻һڹúܺˡ
ִᣬǷݰңǽͨѡ绰ѡַѡˮÿ۾һ͵ûǮ
һھϴ˯ŰԵˮԺһھƬС԰ӡ
൱ںǧңһ㹻ˡ
ô˵ȻӲȴʵ⡣
еĻϲҲһ
ӣ˰ҵĲ£
ǣСôȥ˰æѾ˼ܶ鷳ˡ
ɻֻشȥһŴѧ顣
ȥ飬ļҹˣֻ˵ȥѧҪѧѣȥ˼ҷһǮ⵹ˡ
ŮҲΪ⡣
Žȥһһͬ˵
½һϲ¡Ӹ˵ЦӷǹĴ컯
ڼ˸ˣЦ֣ô˳Ӷѡ
浱ôǮӺһۣû˵׮ôȣ½˸ѧʦ϶˲õġȻŻڣɶЩġ밡ǰϾʱ򲡳ҲͿһسɶȴͻȻһƵġҲˣҲдˡɶܵһͻȻȥܹѧö飬ȥˣ꣬õģܹѧʲô
ڣĺˣҵĴͺȫˣȥġ˵ĵڶ׮ôǿԽʸȨɣЦضСѾͷ
ǣҼҹʲôѽĴһӣҪʸʲôȨһڿƾٳϹֻͣбʸķݶҾðɣС½Ȼ˵û˻ȥ鷳ɶܾòġйﻤţҲ۸лᣬӻܾأ
ᵽС㣬ЩѹǰΪһˣҪƴ۱ԼŮ˵ģ˵½һòȥˡ壬ɫɫ߻ӣΣ۸
УӸղ˵ҲһֵȻԿųϮڿƾٳϴȴûϵͳѧѧɲ㡣ܽѧýҲһ
ʦָ㣬ܺùѧɲġ
飬Ǻõġ
ڲ֪Լ˵ȷҲ½ѧѧǳʹõ֪ʶ


105 ½
½
ҹѾˣ鷿еʮԵð
һݵֻʣ̱ںϣƣĿ⿴ڳ
ѾƵʱ򣬲йܼҡС첽ڷ֮䴩󣬵ţ
˼ңһҹԺҪʱơǻǵǮҪΪ˷ֹˮ
ڷţǷ
Ϊڵһ壬һȨ֮ҡ󶼶½֮󣬳ͨ˵
լռԼĶдССʮԺӣֱסԶײȵˡū͡ˣլסŶˣһСˡ
˵ֻ½Ϊ˷ϳڳеסڳ⣬дСȵʮׯ԰Щׯ԰ŲͬĹܣļιƥڵɽزݳֲʱʹߵͨũׯܣɫ˵ȣһǧˡ
Ҫ֮˿ڣÿջһɽ
һУΪ鷿ݵøһһˡָʹ󶼶̫̫½
Ϊξʵ۵ķС飬л⹦һٳ費
ǣǧżһͷһκ˶Ӳ
½Ҳ⡣
ʮͷ֮Ѿȼ
ôںϣҲͬ˵ôؿŴ⣬ƺ˼ʲô
״ˣ״ˣͳһɡ½Ķү½̫µУһʮ죬жʮڸУ˾ǧ½үƽռͿˡ
ΪУ½̷ϸߣϸ½ʳ
˵Ż½쿾Ҩһ˰࣬ιȥ
½ȴͻȻ͵ػعͷ۾ﾹ˸ͬʵʵ̹⣺ÿ
˼ʮĽһƱ¶ӵģ½лǴһͻֲΪ֪ز
ף㻹ûôȥɲУôҲҪԵ㡣򣬻ӣӵģӵġ½쿿ݹ᾵ĸף͵һᣬͻȻ˺¡
¶½Ŀ϶Ѱ೷ȥɡһ°ˣ˶ˡ½ʹһӣٵˣȴҪĥȥŪһݺãЩӺͻζʵЩ
½쿴󾪣æ򵽵ϣ״ˣ̫ҽԺ˵ˣ㲻ճȣ򣬷򡭡
ٺ٣̫ҽԺҩ׼Щ˰һˣǸÿʲôҩųԲˣôѲκáһСһζʲݣôסɣʲôһû˺ȵ۵ȵʱٹҲ١ˣҲˣ˵ûõĻҲ徻
ϸײ˵ҪԻȣ½ү˲۽ǣվι½ϡ͵˵̫ҽԺķӺ͹Ӽһף̫ҽ͸죬ҲҺŪ̫ҽ˵ˣѪ飬ڻȴʢѰѪ飬ô󲹡ȴҪ֮մκλȣϼָ꣬
ָԼҵӣԼסǰοģ档궬죬꣬ΪͽΣһ㣬ȴǿףҲ͸ˡ
½æ״ˣѧһѾ׵ˣ˵ʮţڣ˵Ͼ˾⽨ҵĶӣǹٻ˼ҳŵڣŻίʵ
⽨ҵЩӡ˰ɡ½ں˰ɣյûգ伮˳츮
½үһȻдΪүȻѾܳûˣĴСȴһ
ʹӻгһֽһ˫ַϣڽĿ⣬Ӿ£дǺãͳһݴš
ŶҲúãӹӣ½ֻһֱۣӣ۾ٴ΢΢һ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǰֻʣһˣ˿ȴӣѾȫָһţʮ֮ʿھԸ֮֮ǧ֮ë죬ʹڵӱѶɡܹ֮磬֮£ʹں߶֮ǰұܹ
Ϊޣ׵𡣡
𣬵𣿡˽ӷ£ͻȻЩ˸У⼸ʮ꣬͢ҽ׾һֶˣϱòΪצѾĹǵúˡ˲øʥϣƫƫһǻӳ䵽ҵͷϡȴ֪Щ꣬½ĳάֲ⳯õʰ˽¾ȹˡ̾ЩҾ˲ĻηҾңҰҡЩЯ˸ٻģҲ֪жˡһʥ죬ͥ䳵ϡ衣½Ҳ֪ͼֻǧ֮Ϊ˵пϵĻˡ
½쿣ô˵кҪﲻһССᡣҲգӾͻǵøյꡣ
ͬˣͬˣһѾ˱µۣ㲻׵ġ
½һЦֿ˿ڵĸӣ˸СӣҿסҪ˵һѹάɣȴһ̬߰Ǹ˲šʵ½ôں˵Щʲôأ֪ߣΩߣΩֻһ㣬ôеġ
½쿲⣬ӲͷƤԸ״˵ʥ죬ʵʲô˵ģʲô¶ͿˣֺαȥǱµ֮ŭ
Ҫ˵̹ܼҶһͭʢˮ޽
ɡӹͭ裬ʾ̹ܼҳȥ
Ӷѵ˵ЩĵĻԲϣڳ
㶮ʲô½ͻȻЦһ
׵Ц½үЩ飬æӷ£Сĵѵ׽ϵ࣬һ˫ƤͷĽŽˮ
ʱͻȻ֣׵Ľָѱںڵɫһţڸ׵ĽŰĿ˿٣ȴûκηӦ
½һüˣûκθо˫źѾˡ
½һᣬ᲻סˮС
½¶һַ̾ͷϣնϵ˵úã٣оʱ߳ΪңҲ˸СΪһӣźֻĲǡ϶ųҲɲ˴磬±ç嶯ҲҪʲôýȷղ˵ֻҪ϶ᴥŭӡ½ǽ֮ˣҲ²ôࡣֻôһ仰ԣǻܻҵһ֮顣Ҳ̫Ϊǡ
½쿻Ȼ̲סˣˡ
ʲôǲɵˣȴͲںһӣҿ컯ҪǿϰٱҲҷѾģŪôԺԵʡ
˵Ŀ½쿵Ĵ½Żڣʮ겻ѾŹоӦûκ⡣
½ǲɵģΪʲôɣΪҲͬϻ½ٺ٣ΪеǸŵŻġ
Ӳ̫ףǰΪ״صղس
Ϳ㶮ƨΪ½ĸ׵ĳţݼˣ½飬ĻʢͬӶ˵ſɣΪЩƹܽ׾¡һұۣ½ұؽдͷҪ½ңÿ϶ֻ⺢ʵӣҪĥĥЩвеµʿӺһ飬ܲĸӡҹѾˣҪ˯ˣȥɣ
ǣס
½Ҫ£½ֽסʲôڵһ£Ͼˡ
˱õĶָ²Ǹ౨ȥ𣿡
Ƽģʵȴӵ⡣֪Ϊʲôѡ𣿡
Ӳס
Ǹ޹ؽҪˣͳиûйϸܱҽܡҲǸȵġ½һҹɫµҲǲɵģǶˡ¾ǻԼİףʹҲˡ

գ½ѧεӣ˸磬Թ緹ߵ½
̹ܼѾڴ½˺ܳһ·һƬþ˵լԺǵ˵ͷ
ԭ½ѧ½˴˸һӡ
˵ΪǳйլԺҲûʲôˣҲ徻úܡ
Ժӣ治ѧдСʮ꣬СĻǴСһֶʮģве
ԺĽҪΪ֣ǰԺݺͲ¥Ժ˵סл﷿
ԭԺһ緹
Ȼ½ҵүǻԼԺӳȥġ
ʱ仹磬ѧûûΣѧǶվԺ˵߶顣
ȺУڿ͢£̲סЦЦ
͢ɫһ䣬һߣưؽͷŤһߡ
һڶһߣߵļҲŵ⿴
Ȼ壬ֻһ̣ٲǡ
ͬʱĻһСӣΧһȺûйСӣһ㣬Щл֯ͷĿơģ½ݡ


106 ˵
ʲôû˰СӺǳһݺݵһۡ
ֵ꣡õЦӡҸоҪ̫áֲʵʵţǺġ
Ǹӣ̹ܼԱ߽˵˾½ҵү½ү½ΪӲãѾüûѧãԺƻҪղܹ
˵Ż̹ܼҾʹȥԺһķıʮ飬ֶ˼ˡ
ΪûˣҲûͬ˵Դ󷽷߽ݣλ£ĬĬؿ
ûеϿεʱ½ѧ߽ݣλã˵Ҳڿ飬
˵½ҵĲ飬Щֵͷġע⡷ϳ˹ٷע֮⣬дС֣ǰ˵ע⣬ͬԭĶſȴµջ
žһһӲֽӵϡ
ЩӲֽԼָŲٵķţͲӡӺӣһϷӦþ齫ǰҶưɣ
ھȵ̧ͷȴ½ݺݵضԼιڰɣղЦ𣿡
СһȺûŹѧͯ½ҵӵܡ
ЩӸ׹⣬һǶ˵ģ
½ʮͣԱߵǼҲʮһ꣬СǸŰ˾꣬ϻű顣ӪִСһȦ
ѹӵаŮŶô죿ͻȻЦںҲһˣѾǿʤ͡
˵ǰѧʱΪǹ¶ҾƶҲ͵ѧ۸ݺݵͬǴ˼ܡ
ǰ䵽Уη壬һֵиС
ڱЦ½ŭڣǺúǾͳȥģҲ˵۸㣬һԶԵ
һ˵һĴָָָԼ°ͣһԶڵģ
ԣȥġСƨӸһҽгүǾǵһú´ܣһֻ־ܽᶡ
һƬңѧҪôɫףæͷ鱾ҪôЦؿһıġ
ðһ㶣⡣Ҳû뵽Լѧõĵһ鷳¡
ǰ½ҶүޣһϴӡСƨ㲻ƨ
ЦЦˣҪͬұȣڣ
仰һ˵ڣСӺܵ˼裺ϻö࣬ҪͿȥҲʽĹ㲻ĥɣˣƨߣ
Ҫڡ
̵վһѽϵǵֽյУַɾ䣬˿嶯һǮһȱٴ˰ɡ
СӶһ½۾ԲˣȻЩڳԣ㡭˼ǡǴҶƣҶƺҵ
ܣûƷζһ㣬ûһǮôѶݣӲΪ˵ˣôȵ죬һ󺹣ճȣô֡
һǵɳһСȻ糤һ͵һգ䵽ϣڣǼ֤漣ʱ̣
ָֻɿ쵯һҶƾͬһֻǣţ·ɣһؽֺϡ
һֵϴ˿ħеĻִ˵İӾʮ۵Ӱ𣬾Ѿ˼ĵز
ǫ죬Ҳѧħʱ䡣
Ϊѧ˿ħڵ²ƵϷؿ˺ܶ飬һ˿˺ܳһʱ䡣ΪޣҲûѧʲô汾£ϴһֺơ
Ȼַ䵽ĸ۾ﵱȻǱ׾壬ֵһᣬŻ½㹻ˡ
Ψһھ鷳ʱҶϸֳǺ˳֡
УħѾܳʱûЩ裬ӵļɻ治ˡ
һۻҵַղŻһ½۾ԽԽԲҲŴO͡
ӣҲʯһ㡣
ϴƣĴָһһ紩һɳȥ䵽ϣֳķݣ½ץʱ䣬ˡ
˿½ŻعһУģƯ˵ôɳ˵˵˵˵
ϾǸӣעܳʱؼһϡһǰڵĿġ
˷ܵץסڵ֣ڣ˵˵ⶫô
Ҳ˷ܵΧ˹
Ҳûʲôؼ졣֪һѾˣץ˵ƻСխЩϼҵ˿ƣһøá
ʲô˿ƣ
ͬҶҲࡣͲ򣬶ֻɫ
հ˿ƽھͿ͢´˾ֱߵǰڣҵλá
½ŭ͢£ɨʲôˣûͬ˵𣿡
͢²½ֻˡ
ѽ治ˣû˼û˼½˼ڻվӣָָһŽеһλǵطûˣȥɡ
ںЦŵ˵ͷʰ鱾
뿪͢һЦ˹İ࣬ɥ־
Ҳͬһʶǡ
Ȼ½ѧѧͯĿкղŻΧߵСǶʱɢѰλ¡
ڿף½Ⱥͯķλں漸Ż߹߲õĽ䡣еǴǰš
ŵλãдͳġ
ΨһڣڵλλһſĽ䣬ǰ½ͼһ½ꡣôҲйȴͯΧ
ھﶼν
֮֮
ܿ죬ѧǶԼλϵſΡ
ڵһм䣬Ľĵطһλá
½ͷתι˵ڣ˵˵ʲô˿ʲôȤ淨
淨ˣơ˫١߹ŶʱҸ˵˵ЦŰ˰ͷ鱾ںãĥī
һĥһ˵˼Ƕֻ˾棬Ҷƣǵôˡ
˾ܴ̫ˣǰҶƣҲ㹻úܡСӸ˵°һȦⶼڶ⶷ĺ棬ҺСʱпգҲǸвסģʱ㡣
ðʱ˵ӦһҲϡ
½żһϿܷˣʵĵزҪǼͥʵ̫ãӡ˵еҸʱǸͬΰɣʱ߿ȥ½Ҳûϵ
һΣǺܶûˡ
ԺҲû档
ǼһҲͬӣֱͬûļơ
ǵи˵κһжһӡ
ΪӣȤ
һƵľղŻͬ˵½ֱ壬ˣСĵ㣬Ƣܲá
첻µزµСӵɫѵõشһ˿η塣


107 
ǰѧʱ̹ܼ˵ʱԭǸˣѧΪɫǰ󻹵٣һֱ½ʮĻš
ΪӲˣ޶Ůûطȥ½ϯ
ƾ˵ڶĽ൱ġͷյ˽飬ȡѼʽͨһ飬ȻѧŽλ˼˼ֱ꣬ѧ徭汳֮ٽд˹ʱġ
ֶֽĶֻ֪ӲӣȫȻûж˼
ҲǵΪʲôûȥ֮ԵʣоҲѧʲô˶鲻Ϊ˿ƾ٣кǿĹԣڶ鴿ȤûпѹȻȥѧУ
½ѧһ⣬ϾһССţȨ½ҡңѧУҪõ嵵ϢӵѧáֶΪ
ˣ£˾˵
ΪѧгɾͣˣĿУѧõĽʦӦʳŲطӡһۣͷķƽȣòȻ
ǰմʱȴڴ۾
ŵõõľݵĴűƿ߽һŹȣֻʣһȵˡ
߿ĸߴȻҲ磬һ̴Ҷһֱ쵽촽׶
һ࣬ͲǴͳϵˡ
һзϣȻ٣Ҳͷ¶棬ǲѡ
˶𣿡۾оһɨ¿ȥ䵽ǰǸŵλϡüͷһ壺½أ½
ʱԼ֣½ǺӼèæվ˶ֵ̫ײϣһ졣
ĺ棬ڿСӲӺһԺë͵͵
СӾŵػش𣺡½ûã˵˷аƻܹ
޸֮岻Ȳ֣˹٣Ҳû취Ч͢һҲգȻѧҵҲЪϢաϿˣףˣ
ʱڽڡ
æվһҾݼѧڡ
û˵껰ʱʹڣû㣬ʲôģҲǸйţ˲¡ҵѧãҵĹأûͬ⣬κ˲ϻУϿεʱøҴţ˵顢˯񡢲ᡭ
һʮ֮󣬴ʱʾ¡
ǰĴʱӣ˼֪֪أǿͿʲôʱԹֺǳ⣬΢΢Щ졣
ǰŵС½תͷͬĿ⿴һۡ
½㶫ʲô
ûʲôҡ
£
ϵؿһۣĿ䵽ϣЦ֪½˲йʿӣй˲ð棬˼ǶùشҾһ๫ев֮дһֺ¡жǸƨ
ʱ˵úܲ΢΢Щջ
ŵ½ѧͬѧÿɲͬѧý飬Ϊǲμӿƾ٣١ôԡλţһӣҪ뿼ٶҲʲô¡½ҵӵܣ½ЯòμӿԾıһְٰѧǿԣʲô壬ԳֶΣ
ãϻ˵ˣϿΣҽдطϱ͢ǮȲ顣ڽǸʽ֮ǰ˵˵ʮ׮ӡ䡭ʱ۷ʢŭةʷĪɡʿ̾Իϲ֪ԿӡΪϵ֮ʥв򡭡
һ˵һʱ׮ӵȥ˵ķ
Ϊӡָʮľ¡
ʱÿط֧ĿĿͻ˺ȫܽ㡣κһͱ벵ᣬٸԭطشӡɡ
ʱͨ·;ңԶҪƱص൱ʱ䣬ǰ˵ĹԱȸǹӡŵĿհԱʹáԭǴԪеϰ
ΪǮлģԴһֱʱһ·ϵ˶٣Ա޷Ԥֻ֪е˻Ҫ걨֮ʱ֪еĲɾԱϰÿӡھǲдʵʵĿ
̫Ԫ谻֪ºΪŭΪǹԱ໥۾ϲ顣
һͷأܶطְ޹٣ȱԱء
׮ڵʱǣ漫󣬵Ҳûһۡ
ʵеΣȻڴ̸ͥ۴£ڷǳԾ
תһ룬½Ǹĸ۵½ҵ鷳
ʱ˵׮ֿʼЩǮдļƣֱͶﲿţ˭
ܣǳϸҲǳʵã˱ʼǡ
ÿν꣬硣
Թ緹ϢƬ̣ϿΡ
磬ʱֿʼԱڶϰʱ򣬽᰸´ʸôдָι鵵Ȼ˵˼ӵǰ̡
˹ȣȥ֮󣬸дһƪͬ½У׼һ£ҽβگ顣
ʱ׹½ѧͲ徭ֱӽôһϸĹԱ
ѧһѧԺ
徭ƾʱģڵ˵塣ɶϵĶǷǳģعĶ֪ôд
һѧͻȻֲĸо
С
Ŵѧɢѧ磬
̫߹죬½ѧѾɢˡ
ʱһߣѧҲʰľߣ׷׳ӿȥ˲Ϳһ롣
ȥʱ͢ؿһۣĿֺּޡ
Ӷ
ǰŵ½͵سһˣģÿμүоʹͻȿӻ£
һѧֺͯõЦүǸгˣǰĸ֣ĽҵһҲ˳ۣŰش򡣡
ޣܸҵ𣿡½үһڣҵ̫䣬أһССĲνүүͷŵġ
ǣǣôܸȡǽһƬѡȫǵ˶֪㽫ҪϮ̫үλġ
С鹧άӵشЦ
кЦ£鱾Ҫߡ
ȵȡ½סڣڣȵȣϸ˵˵˿ƣ̽ǡҶƻ󰶼ˣʵҲҴš
ԣ˵˵½ӵܶ˷ܵؽ
ǰһƼʵھˣҲǼȤ
һŻؼءЩΪѣȻҲֻһʮˣɹȴһصĹִ壬ͬȺͯһ𣬸оֵֹġ
ʲôǻؼҰգС㡣
ðɡڷǳΣͽ˿Ƶͼˣֿʼ˵Ĺ
ȵȡСָָͯ¼¼
һڣȻصУ̫ɽˡ
ֵһ죡


108 
ؼ֮󣬶ѧϵΣɴƼСϢ
ڻش˵ŵһȥѧã˶ϲȫִȥЩЩ˼ʵá
ͬӽ˰졣
ð붮˵źãҲԼҹӸˡ
Թֽ̯ʣĿҵд꣬޸˰죬㶨塣
ǴԽ֮һĶ顣Լд£Ȼıʻɸʽ˼ȴѾˡ
ʵعģþܼ׵ְ˵ö˲졣
дڻǸѧߣӦдȴǿҲ˳֡
ؿһҵд졣
ʦȻ׶ȴһˮƽģѧЩ
ʵϣĹ෱ࡣȻԺԺѧʿΪĿ꣬ճⲻҪʵļͻʵ۵˵Ϊگ桢뷵ȺܶࡣϲͬʽҲͬ滹̫ӵĽ̡ӵۣٸۡͨƾڻƲི
еһУδѧһһ̡ܽ
κһʱֹѧУݽ겵Ŀȡ֮
ڶգյѧã½ͳڼ˼۾һֽĵǰȻ˷ܵ˵Ϸ棬ҺСãԺСѾ߶һϡѽõ̩ɽѹÿѶٴŴơһѣ˴СĸһըֱӴСúͶһ졣Ӯˡ
һƣڳһ
ֽ̫ãֽԵʱļ첻סֽƵֽͭ
½ȴֱƤֽ۲Ʋ˵Ⱥ˿Ʋ֪õȥˡ
Сӣ档
СӵشЦ˷ǮֻһϾ⡣СáǺǣҪˡ
ʲôǴС
ǣǴС½㵸һȴ˿һ˿ӣֱǿࡣ
ôˣиСֺõʡ
˴£ûػش
˭ô۸Ҷүûɶ˵ģټɱȥֻ
ֻƨֲˣ½ǺһţŭСãǸСħͷ伱ۡӿǲȥ𣿡
ǺͷԭˬҾͲȥҲˡ
һЦ
˿ʼƣϿλаʱȦʮǮһ
ãɱƬײ½λӣֱݣŻæƣΣ
ѧ֮ȱߣ漸ѡתͷ˵
ЦЦȴû˵
ѧ֮󣬹Ȼûܵڱ½ļӵסߡ֮£ֻǴ˼Ѷ
ΪһϹҪʰֻףƾֳһߵơ
˳ӡ
Ҫ
Ҫ
ҵƳˡ
ģˣ

ը
ըһΪһ
ýƻļһ

ˣҵ·Ѿˡһӿɥ
ɨ˵Ķҽ㡣
裬ӳî¸ô죿
˼ҪˣƤ𣿡
ҿûô˵شͷ

ڿ˿ѾӮʮӣЩСһǵƼǳ
ƣˣǳԶǱиˮ̯ӣ÷
ã˶һ󻶺׷վǱ߳ȥ
һȺ竳ˮķӻŵæǮصϣλӱ𼷣жС
ɹŶͷű÷оȴǲ
ߵ½СǣЩ㱡оԼصִᣬص˸ʱһȺͬѧɱ˸֮ͨܵϱߺȿ֣߿ƯMMȻشڡ
Ȼ󷢳ĴЦ
˵һҲֻǸͲܽѡ
ˣǴˡ
˵Ҳʮִ꣬ҲǸЦЦ
˵ʲôô÷ϵĺˮø࣬ˮ˶Ƶġ
ûʲô
˵ڰ˲е˼Ժֵˡ
ֵܣΪһ÷ЩЦ
˺ܺ棬û˵ģԺھ£ҵ־Ϳˡ
ǸʮĺӰɣұʲôô
Ҳô˵½ѵõСгһ졣ʱϮ˾λ˹٣һ档ǽҪ߽ٳģҶֵܣպڳҲиӦ
ѵõسһСӿһģ벻ⷽ˳졣һ㣬Ӻʹͳϵӵܻкܴġ
ڣǹӣţ߲һ顣
ҲǰºܺõġҽС˵ˣĶдñȺԺѧʿǻáƾһ£ôҲиʿʱҵ֣һһ䣬ѧʿҵ󽫾һˣ۹
̧ͷϴ̿շЦƺѾڶδ֮С
緢÷ƣ졣
µơ


109 ӵ
½ɣ൱
ô֪²΢΢ЩԾ
ڵĲֻĴڹŴϢֶһϢͨҪһܴݵطִᣬһ΢ȥ˲·˽֪ȻǰIDҪVϢҪš
ҧ˾ˣҧǹȺϲּ
Ҳǲû죬԰ڣҲûȥ֡
ңʦǲԻ֮أֲ־ţǧ򣬶췺ĳˡ䵽˼ӶھҪͷҲõһʱ䡣
½ش˵μѧԵʱҺСòڻ棬͢ҵǰ¡
Ŷԭ׶ġЩ⣺ô
̫½ҼСôСʫ飬Ȼǡ顭ȴҺöˡ˵ܺãȻǷǳõġ
ã½Цã͢ĶҪȢСãʱ򣬿϶ᱻʰǴİƽ￴ֵľͺܲ˳ۣ˵䡣ҵҲ˵ˡɣҵǰ˵˵͢µĺû
½Ҷү͢ºܲ˳۵ӣ˿̵˷ܵش˫֡
ڱ˼·Цˣ˵Ӷ͢˵ȻӼƫƫ½һ׽Ūֹӵĺûᣬжĥ˼άֱǡˡ
ļ죬Ծ˵ٶ½ӵӿȥ
ϷȤζԱҶƲ֪Ҫǿ϶٣һУ־ǿ޷԰Ρ
ÿѧѧǶμ϶ڶᱻ½үסϼѣļȻǴɱķ
ʱھ룬ÿӮϼҲǲ
ְҵѡͦõġ
ͬ½˽Ӵ˼죬ҵˣҲ𽥵뵽С嵱С
ͬѧͬǿĹϵҪѵġ
ڱſػ
½ͬĸĴ½һֱûѧö飬Ҳ֪ô½˼ᣬ˵˾Ǹαӣ˾ջ
½ӵܣ½Ҳôð
˵ĵطнССһѧãʮѧҲطһֳɱһΪ׵½ӵܣЩ󣬸ٶǲνλҲǰǣһеǣȺ͢ºһֱû¶½հ
ڻС˹˵̡½ҵѧͯǿɲ˽ЩĴӣСܵĶǾӢʽĽΪδľӽǿŵѧǱ޿Ŀ
ֶֽΧһȫƾߵͷʤ
˼֮СֶŵҲģӵǣÿһƶһָͨͷȥ
½ӵҲͬģһȥ㣬Ƕ£н
ܿ죬ھͿʼӮ࣬ʮȴҪϾŰѡ
ȥûκ壬Ծһߵ͡
ĿıддʫĻɣɱģͲˡ
½ԽϬ˵Ǵѧ޵֡ɥһͬѰ
ھ̾Ϣ⶷û취ˣģػġ
ôˣ޸һƪ£дϾҲ̧ͷʡ
ˡ
㶷ļ˭ʤ㣿У㲻ȱǮҲ޷
˭ӣǸŮħͷСӺ޵ݿ죺Ǯνؼǣһ鱻Ӯȥˡ
һѣֲֵʲô
ȴǡСЩ˿ܣû⣬ŽͷڶСһǰ±֪Ū˸Ƥţϸղء֪ôľͱѾͷ֪ˣΪʲôÿС˵ҪϸǲǶ𣿿̾СѾͷʹ˸ֶΣҸǱΪעһʱСģӮˡ
ڴ󺧣ˣÿ𣿡
˭˵ǣѾͷп죬֪ҷ£Ƕˡ½ö޳ڣҲû취֮󣬿⣬þһ
½ҿǺڵһţҷȻСӿѴͼãǴȥصģ֪ġ
ôȥСģ˵ЩûЩôЩѪˡŮĶοԼ׸硣̰ܲɣ
½۾һһ֣СѾͷʲôȱһĶҲ򶯲ϲľǿ飬ҪȥŪĻȥ
½Ƿ½Ӻɷε£ȥ飬ҲǸڣŮħͷ涼Ҽˡ
˿ھдŰ
һð취д½۾һ
˵ɾ͸ɣԱһ½ҵӵܸԼĥīĥ
ˡ
ʲô
û֮ҿ

ʱѧõʦʱһŭ߽һڣĺ£
һŵšһţͬ
ЩȻվ
ҵիһˣл㡣˵꣬޶
ͷҲأŭˡ


110 
Խ֮ھûؽѧðʦ顣˵֪ء֪ͰӦϼҲʦҲڿƾٳУֻһάϵԵϵŦ㲻ʦ
ʦߣҵ
ڷ⽨ᣬʦܶʱݵָ·ߵĽɫϢյʱһʦҪѧҪĻ֪ʶҪѧ۵
ȻϢըִᣬȫûҪͥѧõʦ
ںڱһѧÿѧؼңؼҡѧһߡ˴ѧҲǳͼݡҺᣬü򵥷ζȱͬʦӴľ顣
ʱһŭݵؽԼȥի΢΢һΪɻ
ѧѾüˣڽ½ѧһ⡣ƽͬ½Щƽǵ͵ûκҵҲдйоأµһймֻˮ׼ʦע⡣
ôνԼȥΪʲôأ
΢һ˼͵뵽᲻Ϊ
½˵ϷΪѧмǿĶԿԺȤζԣ֮㣬еүС㣬мҲǷһʱ
˿ƵҲǶֶƤֽСţƤӲֽǡҶͭ
ô˵Ĳǲõģ˽ҲͰˣ½ǻ˿ƴѧ
㻵Ӱѧϰɾʹˡ
Ϊ£ʣڽܴ鷳ֱӿѧҲпܵģֻҪԸ⡣
ѧͬѧҲʶһ㣬ʱɫǳѿһ
мСѧϽ˿ƴӻͳȥ
ͬڹϵõļ½ӵܶһĵģ͢ǴЦʿ꣬Ҳǹٻ˼ӵܳȻ⸮еĹء½ʲôطڵһ壬ҷϣ֡浱Ĵˣ˿㸸׵ϣֿ㡣ƫƫ㲻֪ΪֻⲻҪ𷣰ɣ
鼫ãȣ½ѧ֮еĲŻ׵ؾһӱÿοκҵõ˴Ŀ佱Լ½ѧһ߲ơ
Σڵҵ󲢲ԤϵɫȻṹûκ⣬Ҳдùô䣬ȴǲѡ½ȺӵܺЩʮŵУĩβˡ
νĴһӣ
ޣдʲôƨͨ¡
ûҹʱƪº͡½顷ȷʵдúãǲ¡
вڣȻԳԭ˰ɣ
ûУھǸƨ
ʱˣδؼѡûˣСӾ͵ųɡ
͢µƣȴֻһЦлֵ͢Ĺģȥի˵û˵ʲô£δؾ𷣡
ô˵ȴˡʿҵдöôͬĲ֮ȴʵа㷢ϷŪ½и˵ģ𣿡͢¼һ񵭣̲סһŭڶ
ôôˣû˵ղŻͷдŵ½һվݺݵؿ͢£ʵ룬ɲ½½黹ֲϻ
⻰˵÷ǳ͢
˵½һסڣʿҲú£ûܰôǴƶѣûжǰǲһҶƺͶɫӣǸʱôû˵ġҾͲдˣߣȥ
ЩжСӵǸˡ
΢΢һЦ½ļ򣺡޷£δΪлģȥ˵
û£½Щɡ
治õĵġվݳȥ
͢µЦ˵Уѧǳͬ͢Ϊ衣
˺ɶ񣡡½
ȻһƬҡ
һЦҲ͢µĻϣֱիȥ
իܴܣһŻľСһС
ʱûмҾۣƽס
飬ܶҪˣϡͷ϶߰ض顣
һīζһ˿ù
ЩĻһյơ
ͨȡ
һݣھͳһ
ʱǰɫؿڣϵĵ˸з·΢΢䶯
ȴǲ壬ǰȥһʩ񣺡ѧڼʦ
дģͻȻһȣһŸϡ
Ȼ˴Ӳľһζϵ塰䵽ذϡ
ɻץֻһԼġ½顷
ԭΪԼΪ㻵ѧУһ£ȴ벢ˡ


111 Щɱ
ƪҲ֪˭ģд÷ǳһֱŵ顣½βмԵЩ΢ʲݣ¼֮Ѿѹֲסеļֲ
׵Ʒ汼ţ£һɽһкǧơ
ְǿ黳֣κһʱٶصƷζҲܲΪ֣ҷ籼һİ
侪꣬ʫʵ顣
׵ʫкüֲͬζ͡ҹ԰򡷺͡뺫ݡƪ¶ԣȴǿ֡
óƪ£һ
ӣʱԼΪ£ȷƪǷԼ
Ͼ׵ʵ̫ɫˡκ˶Ʒ֮ôһ֮֡ңǰĿκҵдʮƽ
ѹɻ
ʱֳĿҲ˵һ
ԴˣڵûʲôĵġҪ飬ȻῼдͰ˹ʱģǿڵĶ̰塣
ĿɢġٳĻʫʣѧһģֶôʱĹѧ۴ʲôĿڶĳһװ𺳡
аһ̣˲ƽѧвĵط
ĵطˡʱŭΪӢţͿɰХˣ
ѧң̡вΪȻ׵㶼ϣδҲ̫Դ˵ɣҪͷⲻǹΪʲôֵ˴󶯸λ
Ҳ𲻷ƪȻдüõġڵ֮⣬ʱͻȻվãǳá벻ҵѧоȻôһţǣǡ鶯ݺᣬϵ֮ؾΪ֮һ
˵ϣͷЦ
ԭҹΪ˱Ұһ룬
װһǫģޣѧ޵ݡ
ʲô޵ݣ޵ݵӦԸӺϡ˶ʸ֣ʫʸ踳¡£ֻҪߵ÷ˡЦݶŤˣڣ㲻ڸѧʿӽֻдϼƪʣû˵ˡ
ξʵǸȵڽ̷ӣʣֻҪдĵĴ󳼣õáԵĶףԴΪ֮ס
ʱ仰һֻȵ괺죬ܿнʿʱ뺲ԺⲻҪͬʵ۽ӴдһֺʣһĪĻԣȥ֮󣬵úƪá鵽ʱ٣µ뵽ǰͷ
ڻҪǫѷͻȻЦݣݺݵؿһۣúǳڣ֪ƪ´˶𣿡
һͷˮһƪԼİˣܴʦѧס
׾ͶˣףƾеĲѧ飿ʱһɭɭصʵͬ˵ɣձ½ѧʱǲǶүʱʮţ
ԣǶү⻹ʮţôˣ
ʱʮŶüƻᱻǧ
ڴһôַʲô£
£ҪˣҪʲôûУ֯һףϵİ̺зź⣬һѱѪĵӡ
һɲ䣬ͻȻǰͷ½ĻţͷҲ֪˶һҪʮССţüͷҲһ塣
һҵͷϣЩǺܿ£ʱҲͬԼ˵ôϻֱӾ˰ˡ
Ȼ˵ԼϵСͬȨ½ұǸָҲǸ裬ڡ
һڵŶҲڰѧҲӣȻ־ܡ
ںη壬һ˿֮ɫ黺һЦץ㣬һ᲻أò׵ôһµһѧܷŹ̳˫ʿθݣ̳½δĶһ۰θݣˣĳôܱ½¡û½ĳͳڣпݹǡ½ֵΣ֮ǴʱЧ֮ʱСӣ֪ƪ¸½ǳ鷳𣿡
鷳һƪ¶ѣڲ⡣
ƨǧ£ǿҪģʲôǣʱͻȻƿڴСӣ־͹ƪдʵ̫áȥ˲ܺ䶯ǡΪˣҾͲò֪ƪµͨͨڡʲô֮£ʹں߶֮һţʮ֮ʿھʲôǧ֮ë졯½ʲôˣ
ϳƽԭʿʲô
Ҳ뵱Ǻεʥ֮ˣʥʥʲô
½ʧʥ졣С֮½ءƪһʵ½˽뽫ڻϿ
½Ѿˣһһ黢һһѵʹڲ𣿡
һǳʱԽ˵ԽͲӴˡ
ڿúЦ벻˻𱩣ͳȫȻͬ
Ҳ΢ʱƪʱҲû뵽һ㣬Ȼǳ鷳
ʫҲĦеϵ̫ġ԰Ȼǧ󣬿ڹŴǾ䡰񳯡㹻˸㰲һı
һ㣬ǰûע⡣
ǿЦ⣬һҾѧܽˣʱҲܼźдôһƪ֣û뵽ȴв׵ĵطʦ𷣡
ˡʱ˰֣ҪҲȲ졣ʣ˭ϲʵͬ˵ɣүҪµġ½ͶүĲŻ࣬ѧġԺڱǰ𣬺飬Ҳ½һƬ⡣
˵գͽƪ½顷յǰˡ
Ҳû뵽½֪ԼˣЩ΢⣬ְԾ衣
ƪ»û취ȥΪԼȡǿϧˡ
˵꣬ӴҲԼΡһҪˡ
ʱͻȻһüڣô£дºһƵģ˼ȻˣɴıȴǼ
̲סЩ죬ϮԼʵˮƽ治ôȻҪٳⲻҪͬĴ򽻵һҲƲȥġ
룬ѧǰһֱûѧãʫʸ踳ϻЩ֡ڹģǰȴûôͷѧ𡣡ͽԼһһͬ˵ˡ
ǣʫʸ踳֣ȴʱ꣬˵ͷ˵飬ֻ֣һ꣬Сɡ֮Ҳ
лʦҪٴθǡʵ˵ͬĽһĻ˵вСѹ
ȵȣô£
£пһ


112 Ϸ˵
еΡ
ϾһֶĲʽ
ϽĲ̫䲼˶Ĳһ׽סֱӿ֡
Ȼ˵ķԪ谵ȥ泹׷ϳƷõĽһĲ֮Ҳʢ
ٵʱڣڷĴУרŶĳһĿͷŴǮӡ
ԶĲҲֿݵ̬ȣֻҪע󣬾һֻ۱һֻۡȻҷϵŵڶӵܲĲֹġ
½ǿƾٳǸɵйĸӵҲҪʫ飬ճͷҲ˴šլеŮǣƣϲҶӣɫʲôġ
ʱڷ˿ƵʱҲ뵽һ㣬кβס
ȻӰѧǵѧҵͲˡ
˿ʱȴ֪λش
΢֮ʱڵ֮⣬ͻȻ룬ͳһӲţƤֽɵ˿ƣϴ
ʣ⶷ʲô˵һֶĲߣŪ˷ͽǽɫһɴһɵۡ˭ͷŪô໨
㡭Ŵ졣
꣡ʱһЦĳ½˼ʮ꣬ռӴĶǴ³ĵľȾˣǮɱˣʲôҲ˱顣
ȵиһ룬ȷʵǰһֻţһôĵ̣ģﻹа˵ģ
ͬ˵ôི
ţô˵ĲǲõġϷһĻϢȴǲͬ齫ɣʮڶģƿһ齫˵ǹ⡣κζһͬĻմ˱ߣ;кϷԡ
Ҫأð˿˳泶
΢һ˼򶨵ؽʮָֻ̯ɫġ÷ͺֻɫְֱͬҵĴʿҴˣǽˣ÷ũ񡣡
һʿụ̃ν֮񡣺Ĵʿ֮һǻѪ⡣שͷ޽ݵĽˣҲ˵ùȥ÷Ļ룬ںң壬ҲΩΩФе˼
ָŴСǴСҹ͵أ뷴
⡣ˣÿŻɫΪʲôǴһʮҶǰһš
û뵽ʳôһĪһֻûش˵ϼҵϷҲ׾Ϊʲô
ʮȫʮȻã֪Բȱˮ磬ֻŵĺãžŷܹһ
ЩЦãúõ˿ƣҪѧ棬ҲֻۣŲðɣһţô˳Ӱ
ǣ˵
ֱַȻֽJACK˵ӣ죬Ž˿Ƶ˵
ʱ˵ͷҲĥ˵һϷɶ˵ļԺҪ󼫸ߡЩ壬˳֮е˼Ƕ˵ļ棬ҸӵܽҪٵġպⲻҪǮ򽻵һôĻţҴʱ̳ѧͬƾٳĸͨ£һЦ򶷵Ҳ
ڣӢȴΪȻǶѣʲôҪ˿ƵɶֶΣơлƹһ¡
ֽƵϷͬ½˴Լ˵һ¡־ԼǿϷһƳ½ҷһʱϧȴûʲô¡в֮ʵIQҲһͨˣЩ˼ӵĶ֡
ٺƸھӿҲӿֳһ֡磺ѧʿѧʿž˾ӡ̫ƽ
ͬΪ޴ϲּͬѾױһ־ӢϷ
ȻöˣǮͲãѧ档
ǣѧ̵
صѧãһڣ½ӵеıʣ˹ʣڣô˵ʲôˣ
ԼǾʧԣ½ؿ˿ܡ
֣Աߵ̧͢ͷǺЦѧڶĲǳܲȫˣֵܵǺ档
͢£½Сûᶷ¡ղŵȷʵͬ˵ôȻѧ۶ȥñЦ
½һ÷ֵԼظһӿ˾ͺã˾ͺá
½ѧͯҲظͬʱڸû¾ͺá
͢һ¶ɻ֮ɫ
½ҲǴΪ⣬˲סʣǡȥʲô
û˵⼸Ŀκҵòѡ
͢ºȻЦʲôѣǳš


113 еĿ
͢һЦļҲͬʱ塣
˵ͬһҲйǴӸѧ˵Ӧú׽ǡ
һͬ½ǹһ𣬻ദ
˶νڣڴ˾δʸȨɣҲΪݡ
ȻǽԺ飬δûվ½ôºó˼л̰ͼÿӵѧǮɶǶˣڴ½ѧ飬׷֪ʶʦдѧӣӲ˼ӲҪǮңȴֻ֮ǿЦɡ
ĲŻڣƾԵʵҲܽѹס
ֻϧӴѧ汾£ƽȻû˼ҫ顣
ǰţ
Ǿ񣬻ҳ顣
ң͢¶ʼڵĲѧҲǰʫ¡½ңƪ½顷Щǳ£Ѿ˷
ԣУھһͨòͨĳˡ⼸ĿκҵڵõòãĿ˵˻ɣǸŹôģ
һ˵СӣôĲ˳õҵʮ꺮Ҳ֪˶ٿߵһСĽʺް
͢µļЦһʹ졣
ЦʲôЦ½ŭһǺˡ
йģƽҲ½һ˦ӣͬʱġߡ֡
ǣôĹҺң½Լɺת࣬ȭͷһٺߣǣ
һյýЩȭͷԼǼ⻮áӴһˤڵء
ۼҪҳһţڲ뽫Ǵæһѽ½סˣҲúһʶʥƣ֪֮Ϊ֪֪֮Ϊ֪ºûʼǣۣвͬܡĸֻҪ֪Լʲôֺαںô˵
ֻ͢Цȴپˡд죺ȻûˣڣĴʱǺֻҪѧȥеǳʱ
Ȼصλ½ɷ޷޲ƽλòסϢ
ڣ½òΪġ
½ڸ򱧲ƽô㷴ûһ
ڵҵȷʵдòô˼Ҫ˵ʲô취
½㵹ǻ
ڣˣЩôܲΪȻӡ½ҵĵҪϮλġҪͽᣬ÷ǡҲΪɻ
˵½ĿɫͻȻЩȻЩһʳŲᶡȴأɺˡ˼ҾҪͽ½ҲͽҸ½ʲô
⻰˵Щ
ڣȴΪΣ
½ѵõ¶һ˿ЦߣСûҽǸ̳үүľλôⱱеĹӶøţϵëһվڽ˳Ӹʯͷȥһоλġңٶ꣬ûʵĺҲ֪ж٣ǧպãްպ죬˭˵أ
үүõһϢ͢ĹƾҳƣĹִѫƾڣ͢ķȴˡ
͢ҪдѫȵҼ̳оλʱֻηչɲ˵ŪãְŪֻڸлԵ
ҼҵǿϮһһûһŵҵģֻҪ㡣
½˶͢¹ǿİɣ͢»Ҫʤ֡½귢ɣģʮš⼸̫꣬ڸȥԺˡһǼһμӿƾ٣׵ľ٣㲻ûܹ١
½нʿ͢죬㲻Ҳо١ڣԺ½ҵĻ·𣿡
½ƽͲ飬ҪͨƾˣûпܡֻŶҲ֪Ҫȵ¡ɵ½иûҺСáҵ飬Ͳġ
ȵһ죬ҲһͨĹְıȵϴ͢ǰ̹󡣡
ЩҲףȻڣЦģʳٻʵúܡ
˵Ĵ½ɫȻ
⻹ڵһįļ򣺡½ˡҽ˺֣˸Я㡣
½һƲ죺ɣд£˵㣬Ĳɡͱţˡ
ӻͳ˿ƣɱ֡ԽǣΩе
㷽Ż˵һҿҲͦġһЦ£Уǰ¹⣬šֳ˳ӣʣһšҹ⣬ƽͿͶʣ˵ڶ
ʫʫ½경ֻʣơٹͬ⻳ԥ֪ȥδӡһ߰ѣҶ
βܲٵġС
̲סЦӦдɣȴд˳ְ˹ʱĸǿҪǴģͶҾ·ݵһٶ
ûҵˣԵʱдƪ¼ֱǺõ˼ҸˣӮ㣬Ȼϲˣ˵ŻڣǰƽôһѣҲˣҶǺ£ܲģ˵ɣͷʲô
Ǯƶֻ֡ⶫȤʮӡ
ǮǮⶫҪھǣûУǧ˰üͷһ£֮ͨꡣҪľͶĴģҰСѺϡӮˣȢ
һԼĲСӼֱǷˣ
ʹãʹãܲ𡣡
ôʹˣ½ݺݵؿǰ͢һۣЦڣСø͢ˡҿ԰δ˹ˣͷ֮ޡ⡣
ӵشЦ뵽˴վ
Ц˷׷׻ͷ
ڳ
ã΢΢һЦ½㻹ôдŽǱɣ²ϡү֪ڸϰµˡ
⻰½ҷˡ
Ƿϵϣ֣ڣʲôãǰ˵Щ˲˵顣
¿˿ôˣ㲻֪ôдš
½һ汻˵ˣ治֪ôдʵΣҡҿڡ
˵˭ƽﲻЩ飬֪Ѱ˰ɣСǻڰĪֻοʵźдãܲܿɣν飬֮֮飬ֻҪס˼룬ͳˡ
½۾һ֮һˣҲ֣Լӿռǻ͸
Ȼˡ
½Ҫддҳˡ


114 Ҹ
½ͻĿ࣬ŵ½ԼµĻԼҡ
Ц½ֳ±˵ڱصĹŴǷִᣬҲ޷ܡ
ھܾ½ɥ󣬵ֻǲ
ڹƬ̣ͽˣ½űͣǰķı
ʱĿνòͬǰЩӽڹдʱѧڵùꨲͬĴܺãҲôҷһ£˵˺κʫӽӵͣһɪľҡ¶Ϊ˪һֳأ߲׷ɡǧԣ
öǴʱʵŶֻصѧʱĸо
˼׺ʫ˵˵̸˺Ⱦơҩ̸ȹֵ״
Ҳýζпƽ￴ǿ£ĿȤġ
ǰʫ˺ܴ๦ȥձѧӦдŪöˣÿֻ÷ˬ
ʱ÷ɿ죬ת۾͵˷ѧʱѧҲʰľߣ½š
Ҫߣȴ½ɴ͡
ȴЩͬļ򣺡½ûظˡ
½ѵ̧ͷһĻ̻󣺡ȥȥʲôŮħͷҹǱ飬յӣֻ¡ֻѾǱˡڻȥֻһԲϣͻᱻһ״ⲻé𣿡
˵СȦѵһ죬ˮתҪСа֪ءͲϲҲϲҡڸд½֪ˣҲ֪ҪֳʲôӡұҪﱾͲֵϲҲ£ȴ֪Ҫĳʲôӡ
ˣʲôѽ̾Ϣһ½ƽռһִ֣ûûεӡʵﳨúܣʲôףѵõһТġ
ͻȻһᣬһȥĸĸΪ½Тж
һЦˣˣñˣͰдƪ飬ȹѹغˡ
Ҫң̫ˣ½Ц͵סҾл֣ȣҵĸ磬лڸ硣ӽ쿪ʼҵĴ硣
ʲô߰ġƿ½λϣд鱾ɮлϲʱͼ¼˷̼ϲн׼ĵȣԻţԻɲңԻᣬԻޡУΪӵн͵伮ͼȨ쳯񲿺ͬ
ȣģ򵱵ḻһ졣ͨ˸ͷüߣҲ硣꺢֮ͯʮꡣ˶飬ʮͯӾܴڽӴҲˣŮʢٳͬҰޡ
иãǸɮ´´˵Ȼϲ֮ŮԵԼԵǻںһ𣬴ﵽĿġտԵ̬а
Ȼ˱аħۣҲ㷨ȨǸЦѡ

дƪģϴһվˣұ˼䣬ͿܲܰǸӺŪȥʱ㻹ö˵ЩûеٿϼֻһʱͿġǰǵĸףˣЧ϶ܺá½ôˡ
½Ŵվߣڰһ䣺ڸ磬˿ɶΣ
ôˣ
ҵ죬ʮ͵ⲻ𣿡
ظڽУ
ǣͳ½ææ˰죬Žƪ³ꡣͷȥҲ֪ʲôʱߵġ

˸ӣ뿪ѧã½һβ·ߵ÷ء
صԼԺӣû½ˬıԺſ¹ŵֻļУˣˣ
½ŭ̲סƣϸë
ֻһУëë
½֣һָȥǱëӼϵ˸
ͣ淢һСһѾ˳
½ȥĸ׵Ѿ߶㡣
½СǶԱʯΪ֣裡䡢ꡣѾǶԻ֡
㱾ҵն֮Ҳûա
СѾ߽ʮˣ½룬ڸѾ꣬ǸˡΪ˴ܵ½ˬĸ׹ط˵ĳ谮
Ƕ㣬ǸŮħͷ½һЦԭǶ㣬ôأ
㽫һָ촽ϡꡱһѹС㣬С˯Ҳ֪֪ġС˯ʱ˴˵ĵ޷˿ҪԿͷˡ
ǡ뵽һ⣬½æѹЦ㣬ʲôʱ
˭֪أһתǺһ˿ЦݣȴʡӣСм£ˣȥ
ããҪȻԼ䣬˵СѾˣֻܡ
ߣлͬ˵Ҳͷͳȥ
½йסȥ
ƹһɽִһƬľͿһǧӣСѾͷڵǧ
Ѿͷ½ĸ׷ġ
½Ͷ㣬æͬʱʩ񣺡ү
Сӣû¿͵ˡȥٹһС͸ˡȥСѱ׼ˡ
شСѾͷ󣬶ЦЦؿ½ӣȵý㣬ͷˮˡҲ֪ôͷܹСʲô
ͳȥ½ͷϵĺˮ
½ԼõĿģӻͳǷ飬Сĵ˵첻һС顭顭
ôˣ
ҽģҪ˼ҵġдһŸСã飬ҪʵڲУʺˣ
֮ʲô²ܵ˵𣬷Ҫдšӹţ
ⲻ˼ѧãѧʶνɧſͣȻҪʫʳͲЩ˼
Ŷ㵹ϽˣҲһƬġӺ࣬ôȵ죬ܿͱ½ĺˮ͸ˣһͻȻЦʣӣǱ龿дʲôѽôҪİͰͶ׷֣
ҲʲôҪ飬һѡеڳԡ
𣿡ǸЦЦı飺ɣ
ЦݣǱѪŵͼ½Сһȡ
ʵ˵㲢νŮʳ֮ңѡѾߣٶȻҪȴ̫


115 дò
̫СİѸеүȥˣӰ췢
ִ˿½ĺţ϶Ůơүǣ˭˭г˭ֻ蹴ָ
ʵȴˡ
ʵϣ½ұ壬ҷϡ
үʮ꣬Ů֮¡ŮɫĥϽġң̫Ӵ飬Ҳɲתˡ
ˣһ˵½ҵѾǶͨ
Ҳˡ
ŮӱӶҪЩң½Ҫ꣬Ҳ硣ȥĳĪӣ½ȴͿͬ¡
֮Ҳû·ϡԣϲĶˣҲġһΣˡ
˿̣ȣñ͵ŶѾ׳ӣϵ㺹ȥ컵һĻ½ճһЦͻȻȥסȻģ㻹Ųҡ
һǵ÷ۺ죬УѾԼɶүˡ
һòһߣһЦƭˡ
㣬ʲôˣʲôˣƭ㡣Ӹһס֣ңȥҰǱûУþûУ
˭ʲôˣ㲻ٶܣһڡѹС㾿ûУҲ֪СǱ֮ͲҪ
Ǿǿˣɫףˣˣˡ
үųҲԣɫһ䣺ӣҪû𣿾ô£
һҧңҰ¸׵ˡнฺ
һȦȴˣʵȥǴ֮󣬶Ҳǰӣһ֮ǾôȥˣҲûиˡգ仰ȥҲˡĺˣȥС㡣
ǻ˯𣿡
ˣڿأҲоأҲϻתͳСıԺȥ
½񲻰ǧµ˰죬ſֻˡ
ûŶүһæʣôˣûõ𣿡
ش˵С˵ˣûҲ֪ӵʲôطȥ˵漱ҪǱ飬ϾʱѰѰܲѰšˣС㻹˵ӷеǿڶⲻܲܽ漸աС㻹˵ʮɽׯƥƸѩ
ɶҵİѱˡ½ҧгݣʲôƥ͸ˣã̸Ǯû˼ȥҷ̨Сȥ
㣺С㻹˵ˡ
סڣûˣҪô½ŭڣѪ
ҲӻͳһŸӵݹȥС˵ӽҲǳˣ֪ʫĳͣе˼дЩȤĻ͹ȥÿһšдҲã˵ЩлҲãֻҪøˣû׼ˡ
½ȥôϻдϲ飬Լȥ鷻ǡǻС˵ǡ
ǣС˵ˣζˣ治еȤ

ֲ˵ȥô£½ſϣᡣ
øӣȻʹмˣ˵˵Ƕô¡׽Ū½˵ϸڡ
ûϸڣ˯ԺҲ֪ôģڴ߷̣һȥ½Щ
òԺСӡ
ա뵽һ½ɫ䣺챣ӡ
ţá
½ڸ磬д㶫ɣ治ʺϸ
дʲôѵģԼ
ҪҸʣڿʼա
ûҪô죬˼ǮġһЦдֶʵ˵Ҳѣдģʲôдʲôˡҿóլӹˣ֪滹ʲôϾһʮĺӣ⡣дÿʲôʲôֿʲô׼ϲ
ˡ鵱ʱ١
˭㲻أ
һġ
Թԡڳһһģۺϳң顣ǧǧѼֱˡ
ǰͷܾʵûҪκ͵ȥ
Σֻÿͷд
ļѾһȦʪܵĺˮһܹ飬Ҳһ¡½СҲģǸŮ
Ҳ½⼸Ҳ֪ôˡȻ˽˸ɱġǡͱκ֮ġ٤ǡ
һС˵һμǣ½˽ĸôд
ڿαû·뵽ʲôͽʲôͲ֪ʲôá
½Ҳѧϰд
ڵָ㣬ÿдһšıȻǼ㣬ݷḻڳжĻ¡
˵½ˬ˵½дòã˵¶ЩȤζȴҲŵġ
ǹң½ݶҧÿҪѿˡ
Ϊÿ춼¶д½һпվε̽Ϣ׽Ӱк̶ӵķ緶ŪôҶЩ¡
ȻҲҵɺãⲻҪ͢¼̱ڿ༸䡣
ȴоԼ𽥵ҲֲͬĸʽдŪˡ
飬ջ񼫴
͢£Ҳϣƣҧģյġ
ͬ
һգڸյѧãͷЩ졣е˶񲻶͵͵ؽͷӶ˵ʲô
һڣ½۷Ź⣬ڸ磬ˡ
ʲô£ڲ⡣
½ɹˣ˵Ѿͻ˼ݷߣɱܵۼžǾҪΧˡ
ɹˣڳһ
͵ؼصʷءξʮʱɹŰӼƹض룬ֱƽ
Ϊ̫ͻȻʦ飬ֻܷйء
Ҳûֱٲƽ
֮ܵơᣬ󣬴פͨݣֱвǡ
ҫ˰£Ŵҡڵ뿪
ҲΪһսʱڸ׸Աֵʵ̫ʧڻʵĿеĵλһǧɣպ󱻳ķʡ
ǸûᰡĦȭƣ˴£ҲдŵزʵڲУ͵͵ܳȥۿЩɹ˾ʲôģ
ڴ󾪣ȥõġ
Ҳǰˣôȥ½ΪʧָҼʮɽׯӿ϶Ҫս֮СƥȻ⣬СõƥƸѩ϶Ҫߡ
ûûûεļһ
ʵʷصɹΧǰ֮ˣ顣
͢ƣⳡս۵ʤǣǰնǸա
ֻϲصİգڿЦҡͷֻҪ֪ʵǰˡǰȼܵĴܱͬٳԵָʾûһôؿŵ˴ԼƤӵߡȴǻʵŭ
ΪһͨˣҲʲô
½үõôĿдӽܴ
ɹ˱½ͻȻǳûİ
½үʵϣ͢һֱסϢүҲ֪еľǸ˺ü졣
ڸ磬ʵдʲôˡѾͷζԽԽһĹ¸㲻ˡٰʲôдġ
ûա
ˣ½Ҫѧˡ
½ӵĲ𣿡
Ѿˡ
ͻȻ½һ˼һֱ˵˲Żڣ͢»һ
͢ȻƷɾʱдǸ˲šҲ֪½ֻʲôˮ׼


116 ½
ʱѾ˼ξʮ³ǵ硣îʱ̫ʹӶƽ磬ǻ
һƬͨλεĹӰһ߳䣬ͱҫۡ
ûһ˵½ѧѧ类ȵûһѧãǳҡš
һʱ䣬ݶǡ
Żʫʡ
ĵɽˮκԣʫԻ
֮䣬뻳£ׯϡ
Ǹˣָȵ֮£Ĵɣܡ
Ϊȡһ֣ϻһֻƬɫķҶǰһʱִμ黭ѧϰĳɹġʯùϸϸϵҶɰдͿĨʺдͬʱͼ֮УΪ档
ʵʯ˻ȤԼɵҪ󲢲̫ߣõġ
½ʣҪӡ
ڶ⸱Ϊ⣬Ȼϣ½ӲЩˡ
սѧõʱʵڲоͰ͸ˡҪĹ´ȥһѣд־ǡ
˵Ҳ֣½ȻƵλϣ첻˵
Щ֣˰죬ڿʣ½ôˣ˸ˣ
½һ½˽ҪѧˣǸһӣͺȫ綼ҪΧתһǰÿȥүү͸밲ʱһװһǫǫӵģʥԻտ˵ķ
һЦ˵𲻿һʵҽѧõһ죬鷳ʱǲǲһأ˵ˣУδı½Ӧĸѹӣֹǣƺ͢һģ
ʱǲѡ½Щ˼
ڣˣдˣÿһ⣬ûûУ
û˵ƨд޿дÿһ۾Ĵû¶ˡЦ½ƣëƤдһѣŮħͷҵĸϾȻдһ䡮ͼȤζɱҲ

ˣڸ磬үүĲЩˣŹµߣʳҲǰࡣȻմȣÿٶܳɷ
ŶǺ°Щ⣬ͷʷ½ڽʮȥ˵ѾⲻŶԣôֺתˣ
үү˵ڴ˴꣬Ҳ¡ϣүүѴ󲮺͵ټһɹŰһ£˵׼дӸʵۡһߵ˵үүûϳûȥãִŭӡ˻Ϊ½ѾʧƣʲôèˡºˣֻҪүүܹ£ҪЩСǺÿ
˵ӲסЦ
صļأ½ӣӦǵܵηսĴܱͬٳ𽡣
ΪӣӵȴŰھܵɱӡɹˣȴ͢˵ǻ˿ǰݡҪֵزֱ񹲷ߡ
ֻ쵰ۡ
½һϣξʵѹŭگ𽣬նС
˶̫ƽ֮ʱ½ܹվҴĳĿһԣ˻Ǻ˾ġ
ڣ½ãȷʵһϲɺ֮¡
½˵Żݵűƿ
ΪϣöŶһҪһֻһߴӢ˽
ڵһоǣһʵ̫˧ˣҪһݣֻһ˵á
Լʮģһĸͷڹ˵Ե÷ǳĿƤͬ֬ݰףüĿʡǴŮװȥμcospalyԻһȺˡ
·ݲȣʲ
ֻϧֻһѾϴ÷ף滹˲ٲ
Ȼƾɣ˺Ҫռ̨һһ߽ݣʱ۾һ
֮£˶ġ
ڳһһ̫˧ˣ˧ôһ
˶׷ǰȥʩ񣺡ˡ
ӵĲȫˣ
һǴ£ҵǣҰ
ʱڲף˾½Ĵ磬½ϵĴ½
½һͬ粻ԸΪֺöӣ½ӵҲûǰ˵½ĻȻΪһصĳˣڴ롣
ǣ½ݵһɲǡǰЩ½˵ʮĶħЩ½ӵȴ׷׳ǰȥһֺãҾ·
εЩȻ½ӵĺҲ̫ǿ˵ɣ
½ݿ֨죬ϵҧͻͻתͷ˵СˣЩһƽңһ½͸һͽᡭġ
һڸ磬㹻
ڵһЦС֮䶷ѡ
½̬߰ʺֻ΢΢ͷ£ͷβû˵һ֡
ȵ͢ǰŵлֹ͢ģ⼸ոоЩˡԺ÷ƣѧÿ
һǸλϣǸλһֱţǰҲû˸
͢ԱߣЦ˵Щʲôֲס۾߿
½һһߵͷȴҲһۡ
ءڡ
һЦ㻹ǲдЩʲôɡҿҲΪ½ҳأƣǿˡ
װġ½Цһ·ݣһ·ŶǮǵһȵĳҲʮҾͲ·αӡ
´ñáΪһˣҲ½£ֻӦôһ䡣
Ƭ̣ŹȽˣ½ˣϿΰɡ䵭
½ֹҲǽ½͸ˣܲϲˡ
½㲻οԳȥһ
ŵɫ䣬ԹԱ͡
ǰ죬ΪϿνȥ̫ɹһʱɹιȥ
ʱϿʱиϰߣڽ¿֮ǰѧĿҵһ˵ƪҵģһĶһۡ
Ҳ⡣
ĿҵǼһ֪˰겻Ĵ֣дһ볯͢
ȶƪĵ͢£ò˵͢µдʵڲ鲢ïʢонڣлΪ֮Ϊ֮ҵĴԼΩ裬ҵȴӦϧƣɿ顣
֮󣬴ȷ½ṹȻ˵ƪЩúá¿ǽϣ飬ĦĦ
õ͢һĵɫ
ڶƪȴڵķġ
ƪҲûıʣֻҵʱĲϣϸ˸е̶ֳȣҪ켩ٲʲôʽϵȻû˵ʲôȴʵͨ׶
һЩĻعģ˶Ŀһ¡
ѧһЩ˼
Ҳ΢Ц
ǰһʱдҵɷüΣЩˡԼȴǵ⣬ҲкܴšڴЩ飬о޴
ɾʱ͢ȴЦһζͬı̫
ҲЦŰ˰ͷô˵أŵȱ㶼ǳĿҲ֪ô
ҲͬʱͷСۣȷʵڵĶʵѿ»ǲ⧶
Ȼ͢ȷѣȻз׷׸
һĵ˵˼ղƪµʱС˯˹ȥ
ǰƤڴˡ
˴ֱ֣κһоˣҲд͡٣£ҪЩʲô
һʱ䣬öڿ֮
ɫ䣬һ˿ЦݣôдġںдһҪǼࡢֱףʹ˲ΪҪֲѧŪô໨ͷʲô
Ҳǣҿƪ»ɡ˵Ϳˡһֱλϵ½ͻȻ˵ˡ
½ӵʱ
½վ΢ЦŽĿ䵽ϣֶΣһǼӷһǼղƪ£͢µľǼӷʹü½šҪء͢ȡһ֣רһڴǧȡ֮
Ȼ½Ӷô˵ˣҲ˵ʲôֻǿڲסЦ
ʱҲʾͬ⣬֮ƪһǽϣٿ顣½£ϿΡ
½µʱֳڵ˵ͷû뵽ȻԼ˵⡣ĵ½˵ǲ
ǰαӡ
ȴΪȻ
һƪд̵ǻʵ뷵ĵ¿ʱʱͻȻ˵¸¾ˣҶμӡ쿪ʼ˹ʱдÿһĿһʮ⣬ҵֶΣϹèײӣܹܴĿ
˵ʱһİš
ѧǶһļͬʱҲĿҲֻ̫࣬ҪܹһĿ㹻ôҿоˡ
ȴЩʧ˹ǿͲѧʵϣԸѧЩʹõĶ
һÿκܿͽˣ뿪վ׼ȥ﷿緹ߵ½ߡ½ͻȻ˵ڣ
һ㣺ڣ½ӡ͹˹֡
½ǰƪȻʽ˼ˣǸ֪ӽȥ϶ᱻ֮߸󡣴ĳдóšӴ£ιƾǵ¡д£־䶼Ǯ֣½ڽӬӬ˿˵֮ͬ½Ϊܡ


117 ް
֣Ĵ
ǰڿϣ͢ڿƪ¹ƨͨʱ½˵һûʱڴ⣬Ϊ½Ӻͬ͢һӣȴ뷴վԼһߡ
ڶ½ӵĹ۸дΪת½½αӣܲΪȻΪӲ˵ˡ
ʱ½ȴ˵ⷬЩӦ
㣡½ԱŭɶǺȥҪȭȥ½Ҵαӡ
½ɣڴһæ½ס½Ҽҽ̺ϣѧܣȥ½ֻҪԴ
½ңԱ͢¼ڳԱд졣һ򿴺½ǰ̣һá½һӵܣǸԵ׳棬ʲôǰ;
½ѣͳ˹׼һľ
͢˶Թ»һȣĲѧиҲ׵ġһ˹ٳҪΪ½ҵȨơҲͰͶҪ½ŮԵʡ
½СͻСֻһͬ飬͢·ɻڴ֮ʱ½ң綼½ӵģ½ϵĴӣ˭ں
ʱѧҳһšܵģд̫ƽȭġһСģӾ˼ȭ͢½Ҳëˣһȭȥ͢µıӡ
ӴһֹѪűӶȥ
Ѫ˶òˡ
αӣ½
½ȴǵһЦ˶һ䣺Źɣ
½һΣ
½һģȴһɽѵֹҲŹĶˣҴɷ޹Źˣõֱֹӱ˳츮ѧƻ鷳Ҳпܵġ
вң۾ð
ҲвҪģش󣬵󡣡½ָôˣȻˣҪϡ͢ºôҲǵݣһˣ´˺֣ڽ±ȥѧ͢ʽ࣬Ҳֻϸ¾ôˣ
ϴƾ㡣ʲô˰ΪҵֳһҲĿǰף½ױˣαӣޡǰϣ֮Կ޽ڸ£ǿıϲ£ֺͣԹɫǸСˣ
ڻȻ׹ԭ½ϯңΪ½һһȡ½ĿУλ޿
ֺҲ͵ֺ½
½ӵļ
½ҲֻǺãȻϴǾ
һ⻰½Щй
ڶʱٲͷԺҲûˡʵ˵½ĻЩͷеYYС˵пģ˹УȫNPCֵһᡣ
ӴԲ
Ŷ㰡ڣ½һЦ½ҵ黹ֲ
ڣ½ӣ˵޹Ź͢£ղų˻ң˭˭ǣֻһҲ۲ͷ½Сҿӿ϶ǲ߶үġǷǹҲۣһڸгͷأһʿͷǣ£±˶п˵³ţһ˵˵ĶǷƨأ˵ӬӬΪһҲдˬôط
Աߣ͢²٣ܾճĻŴ
ڷЦپΪʲôȥҿٳڵµĸ壬ֻҲǸӹˡӣͨ񣬾
û½ĲѧнʿӦòѡΣֻƷ֪ҲáӱϿؿһζɣ̫Ӧ˶ӵα
ûӣûмҵԼ̳СֻܷϣδδزЩ͡
ʱ˻һ־бµĴɷ
ƫƫ±˿㣬Ҫװһȫ˶ǷƵģοգ
û˭Ƿ˭еֻԼŬŬнǿϢԹˣֻ˲ݡ
⻰ѾЩˣһֱƵ½ݲ԰΢΢˰죬͵վһӣˣԶԶһ䣺ϾǣΪ֮ϧ״˵һƬľͺúÿҪ׳棬Ҳɵ㡣һ䣬ͬС˻һûǰ;ġ
˼½ȥҲû£ɢˡ
ʹ죬ڸղ⻰ǴİӸ˵ĽĴָ
ûղ½һ仰ûڿ㲻ѧб½쿼˳
Ӵŭޡ
ڣʼ̰˹ģúöɡ
һ˵ԣ½ˣ˵ǿеģϴοŰɡʵͬ˵ͨײչصġȴǲˡ
һ¿˿
£ûˡǸȵүүӣη½ҵȨƣھӽȥһ仰ǣˡүү˴꣬˻ʵۣɢ˲ٸҼӵġ
һ룬׷Ǽ򵥡ԱͲôϸ񣬶½˵׾ܹˡɵȵֱӿٵĿԣȴôס
˵ڵ½ѵʢ˥Ҫڵ㡣ʵʷϼأ½һ½ҾʹӴûˡ󻹱˳ҡ
ڵʱڿʱûô⣬֮󣬵Ҫ˽һ¡
ô룬½Ȼ֪
һǳԼʲôˮƽúܡֻ»вˣҪ½ѹһͷ
ļ򣺡Ϊúö飬ܻջġڣԣô֪Լɲɣ
ǣÿΪŮħͷдŵ¶æﻹʱϰΡ
ˣǱҪˣֻ輯оǡ
̫ˣ̫ˣһɵڸ磬㲻ҲҪⲻǵ𣿡
ҵģǸţƵѧۿҪȥˣһǰ˹ģȻǿԣڵسúһ仰˵ڰ˹ͳμġ
һͦɢǿš
ϵǹͻȻľ½һϣˡ
Ҳ֣ѧôʱ飬ͷβֵúܵ͵ң۴κһ濴һģκŵ㡣
ʱͻȻдƪ½顷ֳľŻһ𣺻ǰڸˣڲ׾
ʵ½˳츮ԵĿУʱֱӸҲǿԵġȴý͡˵ϵڱ½δһ¡
룬ڴ뷨ǽ½·ܲСӡӴ˷ܷ
ӽв˾ˣʱĿģҲеһʲƸݾڣ½ʢ˥񣬶Ὣָѹ塣
½Ǽ£ȷʵЩӰ½ѧϰðˡ
ѧɢѧؼңãڣͻȻ̧ͷʣӣϲϲ£ϲʲôĹ£


118 ½ҵ¶
½½ᡣ
ࡣ󶼶׾ָʹ½࡭
һֻɿݵëʣ΢΢һ籷дšһ̧ͷȴдһĹ
ڴ˰꣬½ֻֽҲЩģÿдһֶҪ죬żѵʡ
ϱ¡ռ䣬£ֱȥԷǣõô鷳½̾Ϣˣˡϵֽŷۻ軨ҡʮͷ
һıĵһص˱һ
̧ͷ˿ǽϹҵһԾһƤ׷ˣ·ֻһҪɢˡ
ڴţеʮ۴ֵˡƹҹķɶ꣬ײֽϣ಻
ͣ½Ҷү½쿻Щһšү½ѧʱͺʪ£ͷϵĺˮ¡
ǴϱоˣһȺǵ˰˺ҧ
½ɴϰ֮⼸ָѾµ߶
ѹʵ̫࣬һҲæͽӺʹ˹
˶½׽Ҳ֮ˡ
κһ˿һھһСĵ
ϧʱǨ½ǵûʵŭֵ֮ȴǻ˼䡣
״ˣذ½ͣ˱ʣ½Ҵү½æȷǳ֮Ӱھɱӣͷβδһһηбսɱƽߡɸ״ûУǳϸϵˡ
ŶԵΣ½еıʷ£ȰؿŶӣ˵ȥ
½УǸˡȴغʱ״ˣξʮʱϸϻְᵹڸѧʿԡڣȴͻȻδЩ˵ȥǴȥˡ
ָô½½΢Ц
½ͻȻЩηǡô˵
㰡㰡㰡̫ˡ½̾ϢǿЦָָ½½쿣ְĳ۽խӸλˣεˣҲңƽռ̫̣ȴ뽫Ūųԡû֣Σ֮ϣɽµһǵ⽣Ӱ϶ϲɴԥ֮ġ
½Ǹ±ç֮ˣ׽Ͱ׳˵ӣףˡǰһΪһүȻŭýӺӽΪ˵״ǱǱʱϳΪ֮ʹյ֣صö衣ɸ㲻ҲһŲܲʣҪȥϸϡӼǰ֮ˣ游˵ûҲܲʲôãǽϼԣȴҲ˳ɻ
ʲôָʹˣµگȥ½ɫЦӽӽʲôдʰˡ˲˽£Ҷүȴ֪˼ҵеֻһʯˣҲ˸߾ֶΡ
һ½ͷϵĺˮܣȴһòıһʱߣıһ
һǸĿġ½ЦԣûһУֽһȻ󲨡ԱµӣԶҪ군ϧڳоӪ̸꣬ڣȻˡ½Ҳùҡ
ұҲҪˡʱ塣
û½ֱ壺±ǰ֮壬ΪʳɵҲѲɡ벻ȥһۼžͲˡȴ˸ѣҶˣʱ޶֮࣬ѿ̲ݻڳ֮֮ԣǻֻµʱǿǹ֮½С׷꣬öǱ²ҲԸ֮ǰһ֣°ʯͷˡ
⻹½ҴүͶүһ׽˵֮Ȼ
ֵ໥һۣ½ȴ¶Цݡ̲סתͷԸ׵״һϯֱ粦졣ϸʯʱ򣬲ڵģԣڸθҲҪ˼ҵ塣ߣʵǸߡɰҸﻵˡ˼½ʧʥ죬ɱǰ½ЯЩԱǣҲӡθصñΣӵҪЩ

ʲô״ˡ½ﾽ塣
˵ǸսǺ޼ֵ½һĿ䵽ϡȴ϶½һվһã
½ʹӣûһǵ֮Ű
ʱ˵˵½òָָӣȻʧر۾
ʱͷ½ֵܹ˹֣λүĽȥֻ½Ҳʹ䡣Ŀǣ½׾ָʹҲˡ
ôȻˣΪʲôҪӵԣ½Ҷλүͬʱг
ûһҪᵽϸϣΪԣλɨƽϰˣξľɳҲҪͨͨϴһŰֽźдһƪƯ¡ɶλүˣǵүһֲɶ־һ˵飬ûκɽ½ҹҲ˼ҵϴ֮Сνӣ԰ϸ󣬻ɽư½һѹ֮У½ôȫˡȴһܾ˵Ľ֡
½ϴ͵ؽгˣ״ΪʲôҪأ
иôȻĿǰ½һһʱʧƣɵȽԣһǻͻ뵽½Ĺ͡½ֻյٹ⡣
ԭ½ү໥һۣͬʱ¶ϲɫȻһؿŸס
½ڱĿ
ʱС˵λү½ˡ
ų׹һʩĵ˳ȥ
Ӹһ˳ᣬ½͵۾Ŀȴͬһľ⣺ʱǱʲôΣ
ʱ½Ļã£Ǹ衣
ܱҲ֪ԼðʲôĽɫµҲǲɵģ⼸곯ȴ֪ʲôչӸλ粻һһ
ʱЦҲǸɵģҲΪȡ֮Ǹϣңú;Ǵүһ⡣ܵĺˣҲǸģĻȻϷŹ
ϣңǱǰΪԣ׼İסһȥƾͻҵĽָʹһְ
ţҹҲ½ʮ꣬˽Ҳû𱰹֣֮˵Ҳ㣺½ԣôһְͣ绹ǻص½еġ
飬˭˵أҲ¶ġ½Ȼԣ󲻹½Ѿ˵͸˥ȥˡҲƫҪһΡĳΪţţһӣٵɷŲġӶǲõģֻǰ󱲳ˡ½Ҳ궬죬ĳ֮ҲҪӻˡ
ȥץëʣдΪ롣ּԳڱ³գܱͬٳɥʦʧð¡


119 Я
һƪܹ֣½ԽԽһҪдϺð졣
½ûԼ£֪½л˵Ҳֱø˸Լһ裬һߺš
Ҳ֪˶ã½ëʣͻȻ̾ϢһʱҶʮꡣһȣֻݣĲŻҲһƷ֪ǰЩ꣬ҪأŻȴӡңίˣ½ҿǷİ
ʱ½˵ĻȦһ죺½ʱߴùˣһͣѾ޷뿪½һʲôΡҲǸɢ֮ˣ½ô꣬ﶼȥ
İ½Цǣ½Ͼͻ鷳ʱδزǣ㡣㻹нֻҲ顣
˾񣬲˵ȥʣʱѧﻹðɡϾǣǵ˰ɡ㿴ѧмܹо٣
˽ش˵½ģү½Ӧûģײи˲Ѱ֮¡͢ҲҲСڶү½ǲɵġ
½Цʱ㲻ǺܴܲУһĿҲǶ˼ְա
ػش𣺡½ʵôסճ͢ƶȣѧӹһĿһ⣬ӡһ⡣ʮ֣ҪвĿǴ룬øٵԺͳϰĦ˳츮ԵٺûȷҲƶϡ
½٣ƻӺԺѡһøصѧʿ֡ҿӦǰӦϼӦϼѲµʱֹԺԣɵòңǷ֮أһ˽ʿҲִƹӼֽ࣬˳츮Ҳһõóֵ
Ǿͺðˡ¶΢Ц֮󣬰ѰӦϼֵطԺʱľҳδܲУȴҲܿЩߡˣѧֶһ֮ˡ
˵ڣ½ͻȻЦӦϼĴԺԵʱȡͷ׾ɡˣҪյһġڴô
Ҳû˵ϻɲš
ܸߵ۰ΪдҵƪԼдƯ˰֮ɣ½¶ǧǧдһֺµ˶ˡо˽ʿҲˡɺܶ˶飬Ĵӡȵ˹٣ճȴһϲͨԲָ֣֮壬Ҷ࿴һ۶ѡ
½Լ£ʱȴͬһӲͬ½˵дòȴΪȻ
Ŷ²Ǽõ𣿡½ƪ½顷Ż磬֮ʤĽѧʿ
½Ͳ֪ˣڵʵãѧдЩܶطǺͨ˳ôʡ˵ǰûϹһѧͿˡȻζͬȴһ׮ô
ʲôô
ʵܣ֪ģΪֳоͨĻ֮֡һʮ߰꣬ȻдֶǸɲʲô
½ȵؽһŶ˵˵ֵࡣ֮˾ˣԸ٣ǿ̧һְλ
˵½̾Ϣһ֮ңߣŽСνţǼгɫӵܡʵϣϣ䵽һɫϲɿҲܡӢţΪ֮ԣʱ֮½вţͽ½ɡ
Сĵ˵½˼ʱףо٣һȥԸԸ˵ġһ仰²죬½Ȼȴ½һ⿴½δЩƽ
һͲֵЯ
ǣƷ˲ԲҲԺֻҪӽܳ½ңƷΣȴҪ
ʱʱұ꣬㻹ǲ˽Ұ½̾һ½Ǵ̫ƫˣûе̳ӣ֪Ҫ½¶֮˵½û˿ж֮ģһƣʱԡ
һүүô˵ԼӣôкȻҲЩŴ壬ν飬ڼǰͲֵһᡣ
½ֵ½⺢ƽ￴Ȼ±ç嶯ȴǸȳˣ½ҽУҷġ½ʲôӣȫƾԼı£ǶҪʡ
ʱ֪ˡ
ˣҼǲһ°ɡ½һһһС˽ȥˬ˵үүˡ
½ӳͳһ˿ƣʱ᲻᣿
һЦ½ĻϷµǻġ֪½Ҫһ֣ܵÿ죿
˵̫ףưɡ½һЦʱղ˵ģϷ֮˶˼֮ڵֵࡣ
үүҪ˭˵˵ҲȥЩôһСӰ˽½ĻСϲͷӹĴЦϻο
½С½ˬ

һҡ
÷
ġ
ô߰Ҳ޽

үүôãôˡ
Խã۵ķԽࡣӮÿ汾£е˼½Цţоĵһ졣


120 Ů˵Ŀζ
ӣϲϲ£ϲʲôĹ£ŷͻȻ̧ͷʡ
ʲô£˭˼˵¡ӶһƹϹʵ̫ȣѾüûꡣ
ӣŮַˣĲþ˿̵ͷϴһʪһüͷССڵغš
Ļ䵽ϣæһ죬Ǻˮ۵ùꨡ
ʣЩûػش𣺡үռæýŲճءһҪ緹ɨԺӣϴ£ˣһжŪ׵һ춼ȥˡҺûչʲô£û
ԱߣŮ֦͵͵Цӽˡ
Ӻһ֦۽㣬ͶЩҲðҵæ
֦ЦõĺõģȻô˵ˣҾٶһڡ
ԱߵæָŮһϡ
ȴһࣺӣ£ʹСӣҾʣϲϲʲô͵ģ
ȻҪ½дţ͵úĦŮ˵
½СǸգϲ顣˵⼸꼸лС˵˸顣ѵ˶޿ɶĵز
һѧ뵽ľĴͱʼС˵
ŵѧھʫδ߷֮ʫѷƿɳ¡Ϊýһ٣оĻͨС˵һѧʽͻȻӿֳһĳƪС˵硶ˮ䰡μǡƿ÷ȡ
ȻʱգΪûơʵʷѾȫ
ˮ䰡μǡȻҲʱʩֺ޹Ҳ֪ʲô͡
½Сˣ鶼Ǻðˡӡˮ䰴гɴ򻢣νɱϧĹ¡бɫȭͷͷ˵
дؼĵط磬֪Σ黹
ֻ轫½ˬò˷˼żϻ֪Ĵ֣ԹԾͷ
ƻѾһ磬ԽԽÿС
ΨһЩĵľ½СϲϲɫӱĶ
ӦǷ񶨵İɣ
ںݵͣȺϸֵͬĶҲкܴ𣬱жϲãŮ˵ǺŮʲôBL߹լ˵ȼѪĺ׶졣
·֣ߵȡ׼Ļ̶ȲͬҲӦĳɹѡ
ɴ˿ɼĶƷζûŮ֮Ĳ컹Ǻܴġ
ԵŮԽǡ
֮ͬŮˣ֪ʶŮԻûлҲ޴ӰǵĿζдһ½ȥܽǱҪ𲻱Ҫĺ
µܲء
һ֣أҲԹش˵үʴˡҪʹ֦ɡ
֦ںɵؿŮ
Цţ֦д÷ƣ״ȥ顣
Щ˼ץץͷ
Ŷ֦˵˵ȥʲô飬
Ů԰׵ϸֳһ˿壺عӵĻ⼸նȥǳʲôɽһ߹Ĺ£һ죬Ǵˡ˵ġһĻ
ڣԭǹ°֦Ǹô
֦ݵӣ̫ˡǣ»Ǻܺõġɣӽ㣬ȥķ˯
ӣ㣬ųȻ£ͱȥˡ
֦Ҳֹ֪ãԽ£Խ֪ôˣͺһ˶ɼһ뵽ȥ
ˣ͵վӷ£ʹ󲽳鷿ȥ
ǶӵĽү㷹ûأ
Ȼ˵ˡ

ֲɡ
Ѿ߱һҪأټӽȥһŮ鰮ٺòˡ
ʵϣҲҪŪ̫ӵĹڡ
С˵ṹͼɶܼ򵥣նѧʱڹŵѧǸʦ˵ǣһͨףһͷ֪βʤдɫ¼ֱףӡ
ԣҲдһ̫Ĺ¡д̫ҲûǸģֲڵϴ֣ãһ֣СʱһƪС˵
ôȥﳭһƪС˵أ
룬ھÿɹԼѡʵ̫ˣի־졷΢ñʼǡӲ
ի־졷ȱڸˡܼ򵥣ͨףȫ鶼ģͬڵС˵ôֱףӰĶС
΢ñʼǡ͡ӲûʲôɫĹ¡
ԥ䣬ͻȻУߣôһߣ
ڴһһӣҪš
ӻϲĽ÷ʵߣץס¸Ӳӡ
ûжԵߣһڣҲú¶ӱҧˡ
ֻصǰȴһˡߴ¡


121 
ԺЩͷ־ɣհʱݶƬ˲٣һ꣬Ӿ©ˮ˼޲˺üգεÿסˡ
ʵϣһƬլ˵вٷӻԪʱ
ԺӺЩʱƷһٶꡣ
ϳɾլֹ
вܿߣгȺҰèûһֻǡ
ЩҰѾϰ˺һĺԺϢܣֱʮһ͡
ΪЩھӵĴڣ䴫˵񻰹²˲
ڵԺһֱһߣҲзգǳһСܳˡ벻ȴ䵽˶Ӻװױ˴һ
ղһĻ˸ѣߴ¾ͲлŮ񻰴˵мҵϷͻڰӺۻƾԳԭεʱ򣬻ֲܿ
뵱̵֦ġ°Ӵ桷ǻľ䣬ʱ˿һ꣬ڻǸСӣػҶͯŲвŮĳ޵аࡣ
ˣҲĹһߡ˵ݣǳ൱˧֪ôĺӵַ˲ٰԣ˻΢϶˺һӡȻ俺ͷСǹ
ţˣд
ĥһ̨ī֭һд
żƻһ£¾дǧֺˡ˵Ҳ̫ӣǧֵƪ㹻ѹ˵
ٳˣʵϣС˵ǧֵƪֲ壬ʮ֡˵ˣһС˵Ҫдʮ֣뼸ʮʮŶΡĻ㷢ȴЩΪˡ
ңֻһЩӰǱͼûȻǧܹ㶨ֺαԼ鷳ƫƫҪȥһͷ
µĿͷȻǴӶű꿪ʼȻɵٽţŮǰӡɱСɲΪֹ
µʵĲ֡СܾȻ𣬰ֻΣһü׳½ˬԹԾͷ

ѧʱѧдγ̻û¡
ͨǰؽڣе⣬˱磬дú졣
һСľдϹ۵ʿͬӶǶΣдŸӡ
ʱڲŸоԣд̫ˣҪд꣬򡣶ңôԽԽǵӰߡ
֣ԳбˡΪҪǱ飬
ڿЦͣ±ϣˣǱдˡŪô鷳ʲôѧֶܲ˵дδؾܺθڡɳҪðȥдһ飿
ǣھͽëϴˣϴ˯
ˣӦǴԽִӣһƪ³ˡ
ʵϣӵĹкܶ汾һٶȣϰѡ
һ죬ڿ˲ٰͬƷǾ˷İ汾дáϾҲˣдĶҲʺ˵ĿζĶա
ҪǣдƪС˵ֻǧ֣׾ܼ
Ȼԭз⽨˵һ׵øһģ˵ִˣǹˣҲġ
ţƪµĻϣѵӰߡڼһЩȥ
ڶѧãʼڰ˹ġ
ڶ԰˹ĺȤҲԾͶڽдƾż佫ƪС˵һֲ©س
ѧɢѧʱд֥һĻǡǡ˸
ڵؽӵݸ½죬˵ȥѸӳˣƪ»˸βûдӣ뿴֣Ǳ黹
Դˣڳš
ȴ룬ڶ½ȴԴӻڣڸ磬ûɡ
ôˣǹ²ãڴ⡣
ǣǣÿ½ӳһĴָģ˶ò跹˼һ϶ɾȻûССȥɽûа֥ݵȥ
˵ص㡣ڴĻþô
½ôŮħͷǸգһõĹ»ϷŹһ֮۾ˣһ˵ÿǰΪ飬ܶȡѰһˡ
ͺáһҲǵ⣺ôǱҲҪ˰ɣ
ûУûС½ͻȻɥȥı飺Ϊڸд̫ÿˣûҪ
ڴ棺ô£
½ӷһҳָָβһ֣û˵Լ
ھȵ½ӣôֱӰѸӽӣ
½е㲻˼ô֣Ҳһ顣Ҳ˵ֻҪӽȥȻܽҪģ˭дҲҪ
ǡЩΣȥӵĽβһƯë֣вݣȣó˼鷨һ裺²ܺÿдȥҲǵ÷ʲôطˡҪ飬ܼ򵥣дȥҿøˣһãû׼鶪ˡǰŰ黹ǣͷڲдˣⲻҪڰɣǰҲ£ǰ;
ڲεȥСѾͷɾˡʲô²ǰ;Ͳһ䡰ҿӴ
ʱûʶԼ˸ܴĴΪΪԼĹ³ûʣǸŮħͷͷ
֪УĿҲǸûŮӵСħ
ڡߴ滹мӼԶлᡣ
£Ҳϻдȥ
һдҪ½Ӽˣɴ½ӵܰԼλᵽԱߣͬһţԱһʱµ½ڡ
鷿Ȼ½֮ͬ󣬽ҿǸԵЩӵ
Ҳ֣һ߽Σһ۾ȴڸܱʼ飬½Ŀתضڵĸӣֱÿˮֱ
Դӿʼڰ˹ʱģڵʾǿϿ֣ܴʲôĿ׵Ѱһƪõķġ
Ȼ˹ƪǲ׳ֵģ¿ϡȱԴһƪһƪȻҪҪĹͷҲˮ׼֮ϡ
ܿ죬ڵ¾ͱ˿ϱؼķģ½ҵֲ٣һʱ
˿ڵĿҲһ־壬ϾдٳҪֻҪ˹úãζԶǰ̡
½Ȼĵѧϰڵ£οҪڿ佱䣬ȴ½һȣôдͣˣ£¡ѵģɶ񣬲ɢ˼ҼͥӾ˾ȳûУܴܲӮ
ԭдˮɽһڡ
ʮ˫۾ͬʱת䵽ϡ
ڴ󾪣æһڸϡ
ָ࣬׻̫½ȥվһʱ


122 
ôȵ죬Ҫ̫ɹһʱ˵˻ܡ
ó½½ɿ쿴أҲǳϸ񣬶ԴҲǰĪ
ǸˣĿ㻹
ڶ԰˹ĺȤɵʱ򣬻ǲò̧ͷô͵Ŀ⿴ǰ˼ȴɵ˾⡣
һּ尾Ǹղдʱóʵ
һĹܿ͹ȥˣɢѧʱο˼ѾɹͷԵ½Ҫ뿪½үȴһ˷ܣºˣºˡ
ʲôˣ㲻ɹͿ˰ɣ
½ٺЦţֽͷϵȺεԱһǡ½͢·ϣһڱǼߡ
ڸ磬дáǽβʱӣǣҶǣ֪ǰӺСǷɸȳˡǵģ϶ǾȳˡҲٻС˵βǻԲĴԲճɾʲôġֻȻ֪βмĹȴΣȴȤζ
½˷ܵϵķⶼڶĹܱӰ齻ǲŹˡ
½ţҲǵ⣬Ȼҷĺˡдǧ֣õ˶ߵĳϣκ˶Ļ󳩡
ǰǸŮˣȢޣҲһ⡣̧ͷѾϦȾգճЦţܺŮ˳أȴ֪Ǻεȿ֮¡
⣬ɵС鶾ˣڱ½һҴĸпŪôֲȥ½үһά֮գ͵ഺڻ֢״ֻϧĽĲһ
ںٺһЦȢôһӣȵۻƾƣԳԭ쬻壬ˮͰӽһȻ㱻ˣһֻ绨ѹģѪͷһҧζˡ
סڣסڣ½ߵؽгڸ磬˾㲻ã̫ɷ羰ˡ
صңսԺӣͿӭһӵݸڣЩĵ˵ղи½˴һй˵ǸүġҲûش𾿾ô£ͼˡ
ʮӣΪ޴󣬶ȴЩ
ڽӹһԭ½͹ʡ
Ǯһ֣⼸д˴Լһ֣ҲôĿ
ݰй֮ǰһĹԼ൱ںһǧǮҡ½һ־ʮ󷽵ġ
ɶĸĽʺް
ʮ㹻ڱĺԺˣѹֶеǡ
ο˶䣬İǮպãȴ˾ǰҲûҪڱҵĿΪûо̾飬ûбǮηˡ
֪в鷻С˵úܺãʵڻ첻ȥˣҲһ·ӡ
뵽ȴһҡʧЦ¸¾ǣֻҪ˾ˣΪ𣿿ңǽʿƿԣҪȳ嵣뿼ԺԺ˵ΪС·ģûҪ
ʮȷʵڽʵѡ
ٲΪԼδǡңŮҩǮҲ䡣
һ½˻Ǻܹ˼ġ
Թں˱裬ʿʼдߴĽβ
ˮɽӱѹ׷һǧ֡
ΪҪ˿ģҲöëʡƫƫëдֵٶȵһ䣺ʦգɢΩԸңʦΪʦ׷Ϊɮ꣬һϦȥˡɮջһǧ겻࣬ȥʱʫ˾䣬Ծ
ʫԻʦҳ쳾ʼ
ֻػת
֪ɫɫʶȴΡ
ɫǿտռɫտɫɫҪ
ֻоֶȳˮ۾Ҳ´ܣϴϴ˯
£ڷǳĵġ
½СǰһѿڵĹ¿˰ɣãҪ뿴֣VIP˵շģ
ڵŲûάֶãڶգһѧþͿɥ½ߴĸӻڣŪˡ
ΪΣ
½üҪ޳ŮħͷͲϵ˵õˣͷѻ𡣲Ҳã˷Ū
Щȣɡʵ˵»ǺĵģӹŵĴ²֪ܹʱĳб˿ڵĹ£Ǿеľ䡣
˷ӣ½ˬڸӺдһ
һ˺Ŀݺݵشһȭֱðǡ


123 
дһģ˼壬һǰ׻ģһƽ˵Ļ
İ˹ġģ϶ҪԵġڻС˵ͨ׶ǰ׻С˵ĶߣĻ̶ȴ಻ߣд̫£Ҳ򲻶
뵱꣬ڶеʱΪ˵ӰƤͻȻԡի־졷˼Ȥȥһԭϧһɵۣȫǹġһի־졷ֵ䣬ͷβȻȥʱ䡣ǲס
½С½ˬָ˼ҵŮ죬徭ȻûȤġƽﻰöˣдҲԣ⡣
ƪС˵ǳ쵰»쵰ɸһ͸Ļ쵰ǰǺεȵνǺ»ˣֵˡӲԼŮͷ¶˸УΪܰĶ飬ȡΪƷ
ˣǰĸ֣ˣ򸴺󣬿úε
˵ۻƽںȾԳԭһ°ɣԼűһʲôɺµģһɫߣǿ𰡡𳶲ϹϵҲܰԼŵ׸͢ȡһ߰ɣǰɫģҲġҲһëһֻģ˽㡣ȻԼҲܵɳ￴
ӱˣޱһ塣Ȼһˣ۶ԷɺεģҪסƫƫȴŹȶС㲻Ӻ
˵ɱȻ֮󣬲ԼĴмᷨıԼӡԼΣѣ뷨ӽȣȴһ˵֮ˣƤ
ųҲ壬޳ܡǣֵи࿴һҲ۾
Ǹ֣ҲûκȤǰӺСܷɷȻǣһԲĽ֣Ҳա
д֣ضǰӽһɱ֮Ȼץһͨŭֱ߳һвŮĶҲȫ˶ʲô³
һָдɱڣҲ˿һۡ
ڿþͻȻʶ½СͬʱĹ˸ˡʲô죬ʲô⽨£УǸƨ
½ҿǺڵһţֻ۸˵ģȴû˸ǰ˵֡½ҵŮСͱɹ⽨׶˵Լ˵ģԼô
½ҵŮˣҲΪǿơ
Уȹ֮ҵŮӶһаԡ
ţǡеСа
ַŮӣڲһ̣εҡͷ½дǷ񿴹

ʵһŪˡдֲ
֡дˣ½ͻȻ˵нֿ˫ĿȫȴǾϲѲŷɥơ
ʱ򣬻ſ֣ڶ½һֽдõĸӵ˹ȥҲ˵תݡ
ʦõҵڴϣطλ£нնµġڸйһ飬ȷԼǷѾƪ±һֲ˳츮ԵĿѱ죬ԵĿҲѾ׼׵ʱڻе÷ơԽЩһһ죬鵽ʱ٣Щ׼ҲǺõģ㲻֪ʲôʱʲôϾϡ
˵Ҳ֣ʵʱԽԽ̣ҲԽԽãһƪǧֵֻɨһۣܼǸ˾Ͳʮ
Ҳ֪ΪԽʱ巢˸ı䣬ǸоʱĽȣǱȫ
־ϲ˳ǿļٽҪһһ£ԺٴȥҲԼ簲ˡ
ֻҪһִᣬֻҪ֣̲סĬأһʶĶˡ
𽥶½ѧƿ߽ҷλ¡
ݴű׺ݵƿ̧ͷȥȴ½Ťһץסڵӣ۴УںŪң½Ȼ֣ȴǱǮǮƭӣĶҲ˼ҵӣ
ڱŪһͷˮӣˣ
ͻȻһĻͬʱתͷ
ʱ½͢˽
͢¹һЦ½ӣһǾʡͻȻһ仰Сۣɢе˰һʸ½ңҲ֪ʹʲôֶΣȻĳ˵ĻϲСܹСˣ㾡ȴгһա
½ڲìܣ͢ǿǵ⡣
½ȴͷβûпں½ȴβס
½ԴŭŤͷȵ͢£˵Ҫ
ֹһЦ£䲻ƶƣ˴ɷҲеˣƶƣô˵
һ½һƬѪ졣ƪӵǰ˭ˣҿǷˣ߻ħˣⶼдʲôý֣Ϊ˰ûаɸȳΪʲôɲǰϴȻӺͺȻɸ״Ԫָʮ߰˸ӣΪʲôȴҪѹ׷£÷
Խ˵Խ߿ҿǹģǿòġ
ЩЦãͷĻС˵ֻԲĴԲ֣΢ЩŰö߾ܲס
½ӿϷ̫ͷˬβȵۼͲһţҪճɾˣȴݺѹ˭Ҳܲˡ
ǣԭôдģڳʱҲ͵˸ȴôķӦ
½üǸˣһ嶯ʮʹǰŸոǮھŪôѪĽβŲǺҶŸ
Ұӣӣһᶼˣ
ѧ仰ͬʱȻתͷĵǳıӵȻ½Ůˣƫƫͺᵶᰮɹ½ʲôʱŪ˸Ůˣ
͢ҲǴתͷ½
½治ɫֽд¥ŮӶѡ
͢»ȻǱģǿģں½ȻһŮˣ˹ɨأӲ
ڱҿòڣЦŮ˼ҿɵţ㾹ȻŮӣʲô
仰ѧףֶһԭŮżҡǿŮ
һЦ½ʱһϣ̶ŭ
Ҳǿ̫ͶˣʵΪһ壬Լȴ˿ûв
½ӣǱ˵ΣС˵úãɾǸûֵ˻Ҽеһֶʧ䲻䡣
һꡱеûس࣬ںëˡ
Ҫ˭ʧͻȻ䣬ʱŹ˽ŭؿһ½ָָ̫½ȥվʱ


124 ⲻ
½Ա룬ڸտʼ˰죬ȴܾʲô
һ˼˹ڱﵽơûκȤζԿԣչ̶ĸʽѼһնζë־ȥ
ʱڵǰ½ڶߵ߶𳭡ߴӣ¿Ǻõġ
ÿһΣһ㶼ʡѧ֡˳츮ȻǸݸһĸҪеںֱϽСˣ˳츮оٰǵʸ
˳츮Ҳ˰ģԱƿ¼ơ¼ſԺϸߣӦӡ硢îΪƣ͢ӿƳΪơ
Թڶڽʮһպùڡ
ǰգ뿼ڻһ졣
ںѧʸμԵԱҲ½ҳ棬رҲ鷳
οԵĿٰɳ͢ίɣٵֶⱣܣҲ֪˭˵ٵǰգҪǰ뿼ȻĿȥȻȡһΪ⡣
˭ֳʲôĿ˵塣ĿǰֻżȻԽĺûȶνķ籩ʷҲĹ켣ǰǰ⣬˳츮ԵĿӦúʵʷصȫͬ
ȻЩ䶯ڵ˵Ҳνͱϰƪ䷶ģӦһ㹻ˡ
潲˰Σֻо˯Щڽ½ѧˣ֪дǧֵĻ׬ʮӵĸѣ˭ԸԼѧãҲʶ½ٶ
ѧѾûпܣֻһµĻ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ɹ˰ʱ½ԴһԵԱߡ
ܿ͵磬½ҵүǿԻԼԺӵ÷½Ҳ֪ôˣȻûߣŷյߣڸ磬Ҹղħ⡣㿴¡ǲЩӣܴܲаҪǾҵĲѱ䵽˼УܾЩڡ
ڣû취ˡղҲǱ½ˬ½СŪûͷоаԵŮ޲ˡ
½һʧ䣬ڰοȻ½Сͷôʱûĸٱ²Ŀܵҷʹҿ㻹ǺƤȥһˣСĵĺá
Ҳֻˡ½һǻʧ䣬ݺݵذһ׷Ϊʳ

һʱôڵĺ½йȥˡ
ɢѧ֮½룬˵ĻҲû취еİ취һᣬֳ½ˬԺȥҲһʱûˣԺ֮Уµֻˣˡ
½Ѿû˼ֻͬˣҲͨôľ߽õķ䣬дġߴβǰһˤߺߵԱߴڴ
½ˬϴͷ㷢ʪܵɢڼϣԵӯӯһյ֦񻡣
ʵ˵½СȻмȸߣȴһüëĿ˶䵽Уȴһֱסĺסĵӿ
½ڿһ³Ļֽʲô緼˫׹黹ģҲһͨĲӼС˵
ײ˵дúҲô
½Сһ߿һü
ǡڣ޽Сͷӽһۣǵǡ
ʵѿİСŮ̾ϢһǱӵһߣץ𡶰ߴĴؿȻЦҵǸŻĲӣ벻дĹҲˣȻ׵ĴԲ֣ȴҲⲻҪڽβװһһͨ˵̡Ҳһ㣬˵ǲ
ǿһЦС㣬㲻һˣʶô֪һǺǻ
Ҳǰ㲻ʶֵġ½СͻȻһ߽Уİˣùˡļ飬ȤýģŰбû鿴µ𡭡ףôˣʲôʱģһû˰ɣˣҵˣҪ׼μ¸µԣڳϢˣϽˡæ
½һ̭ͨͨ죺ʲôԼǿϵģæʲôæ춼ģĥƤġĽѾˣô˵㻹֣ͻҡ
㼱ˣϲʱˡ½ˬ˵˵һ治ܻ㣬Ժô档
㡭ȭͷΣȴȻɿ֣ˣⱲҪٵ㰮ôôɣˡ
ˣ½ˬЦøģҪȥ
ȥȻǵĸ밲
Ȱ㻹ǱȥĸѾĿۡ
㡭ĸˣʧȥѪɫ
ôܣһûýȥأСҡҡ֣һ¡Ż֪ɣ˴˵˸ʲôңǸз֮ΪŮˣڻ󶯸ɸꡣĸһʱõˡ
仰ҪԱߵĶһΣɷס
½Ŀࣺ˭ң˭衭̫˼ˡ֪µģôͣģȥĸף̫ɶˣ
Σ½ˬ˵ֱ½ܳӣζؿ˶һۣˣﲻ̺ĸԺȥɡˣһ¡

㣬ӷ߲˼Щںߵһ̫ʯϣϢƬ̣Ϳһŷͷ˦˹
Сġ䵭
ʲô
㣺ԼԿֲû۾
⻹ǶһζԼô˵½һ㣬㾿ôˣ
ô˸үкθɣ㲻𣬺ñ°з֮򣬻˴շŮˡ㲻ӳһûš˵һᣬ
ʲôշӰŮˣʲôз֮ģҥԣ̲ס϶½͢ҥ£ҪŮˣҲȥз֮ϣƻŮʮһʲô
㻹ȥˣݸǲ԰ס
ʲô˵ҥԣ㣬֮ˣȻңӱס
ҥԣһŤͷ޷粻ˣǸʲôô£
գǸˡӸߣǸ˵ˡ˵Żͽµȥ˰졣
׹һЦԭǻԺ˰ëƤ£øһ
½ҡ
ţүһѾͷĿɶҰˣүƽҲҪ೤һۡԺˣϿһźɱﶼǹġһշףѡ
߶˰죬ͻȻˣӣз֮ɲһǰ
㡭
Цȥ˵ˣղСҰŸ㡣˵Ȼôɰӵѡ˲ţ鷻ĻҪÿһЩЩ⡣ʹǱʲô˺ҳ˵ȻЩҪǱȫҪȥдЩÿĹ͹øˣû׼ʹҳֻҪͣдȥܹһܽǱҪȥ
ǶթթֽԱߺȺɿضź
ҲһõĿʼ
ܱһҳҲҪĺá
ִŷ⣬ҳֽ
һʱ棬ͷȥȴһĿͼߵ࣬һڣҪСôֶ
뵽һֱˡ
½һ۶㣬ԳЦţý㡭
Ҫһֻʶӡ

Ĵڶգڿ½͹ҳͼ֮󣬴ʧ
ҳֽͼʵڲôľګ˵ϵҲԡͷСҲ̡ȺĿͨﻹ磬˵ȵӰˡ
ͼڵȤоһ
Աߵ½ӿÿˮֱСЦڸ磬ֵðͼģ㿴ʽţɣи֡
Ҳûʲô˵ģǹ̨ѣûʲô⡣
½Ŵ죬Ĵָˣڸⶼ֪
ϻֲǲ˵⣬ʲôϺƳʲôʲôġʣճīͼȾˣȻųһӽ˷ֽ¨
ɫӺٴʳɫҲ֮⡣֮ʱѪУ֮ɫɳС˵б˿ˣֽһ粨˵ĺãǱһҳ
ͳһҳǲͬĻ
һٶҳһٶֲͬĻڴһ
ڸ磬㻹Ǽдɣˡ
һٶҳдһǧֵĶƪҪҳⲻǡһ


125 òôɱ
ô𣿡᣺дһӡüǧֲŻҳ飬һٶҳҪû㣬ҵдٸӣ
½ץץͷһ㣬óһ֣¡ֱŮħͷˡڸ㲻᲻Ұɣ
Ͱ͵ؿڣӿ³һ֡
Ȼǲܵˡ
ҡ½࣬á
ľ״̬ʵڲãҲЩġ˵ӶԼ湻ҲǸʵˣ챻ŮħͷŪõ֢ˣͬ顣
ļ򣺡ϾҪˣҲûʣ죬һ£á
Ӳڸ磬˵⻰ˡҺúƽϿʱȴ᲻
Űξܿоˡڷӣʵ⼸ҲеģҲ޷ѧϰ̬ȣҾʲô塣
½ţ˾ڸѵǣֵ⼸ձŪ㱣ﻹ顣˵ţţҲдôÿĹ½ҲǸŰֻƽﲻͷˡһǲɡ
̲סһЦԴп֮ҲǸˣ벻½ҲԴǺãĸҿ
Ķ飬û˼
Ҳǣ˹ȻûȤζѶȼ󡣶ٱѧ֮ʿصżϣ½ӣ롣ƽ鱾ı߶һ¡˵Կ϶ûϷͻȻоˣһ顣½ӲǿУʵǲмΪ֮񣬿۽˰ɣ
⻰½۾⣬˼Ůħͷ
ڣõġ
лڸ磬лڸ硣æվҾ
лҿġ
½ȣû⣬ǰǮһ֡
Ǯһ֡ЦЦʣӣһ¶Ǯ
Ҳ࣬ٶǰ˼ǧĺãֲ㡣ӽظĵɽ졣
аЦǮһ֣޵ʱŪһֵĳƪ㣬һ֣һ־ģǧӣٺ٣á
Ҫ֪ڵİ൱ĸߡ
ʵʷأַ⽮͸ʦԵıҲǧǺֱܴˡ
ǧɵֵϺǮֻҪ׬Ǯھһٽв׼С
Ѿ˽дʲô飬ⱾֻҪһд꣬ȻܽӵСѹһա½ǮýᷢȫֶΪ
ڣŴӦһ
ʲôܷ
һڿʼ顣
ղŲ˵𣬸оܹ鿼óɼ簡
ڶһҽ½
½ʲô½Щɡ
ˣҲ㸮ʲôҪҲһֱĥ飬ǷĲСĸŮܵҪһۣ׿ʲ׵
Ϊ½ѧлῴǡôʱˣûҵᡣڲЩģи̡
û⡣½Ǹɴ࣬˵ͷڸ磬㻹ʲô˵ܰôһæҸмѣ
ûˡҲϻһӣһëʣպīˮڸϷɿд
Ӳ鷨дⰡٶëʵ
öëд֡ͦģ½Ա߿Ȥ̲ס޵ڸ磬óַӣˡ
ղŲǴӦҪ𣿡ڵһۡ
½˿ܣСڸ磬ղǷҺú롣ƽռѧͷɣһо٣Ҳ˾⣬Ҳʾҵֶ
ʲô
ұϻװϲӣһصԺӣƿʱһɳ죬һˣǲأ
аˣ
ٴʡĵļһд
ȴ˵Ůʯ֮ʱڴɽ޻ɸʮɡʮɴʯǧһ顣活ֻǧٿ飬ʣһδã๡¡˭֪ʯԾ֮ͨȥɴСʯò죬Լ޲ŲѡԹҹ
һ൵֮ʣһɮһԶԶùǸ񲻷죬๡£ϯ̸Өʯͷ׹һ㣬ɰ
ɮϣЦ嵹ҲǸˣֻûʵڵĺôϼ֣ʹ˼˱֪ǼȻЯ㵽ǲ¡ʢ֮ʫӧ֮塢ءḻȥһ⡣

ԭȴһС˵Щ˼½һ̲סʣŮ˶಻һŮӾͺˡ
࣬úܣϰٸɲͣдãĵȻ½Сߣһˮ׼鳭ٶҲǺôȻˣͲòôɱˡ
½ʲôʱ򽻸Ůħͷ
ƻõգȴ֣ѵһ߳Ūź˼顣


126 óʲô
ûڳⱾйŵ䳤ƪС˵Ķ塶¥ΡǬ¡ʮ꣬ٹΪģԺȺŮİΪߣдĴʢ˥Ĺ¡
߲ѩ۱峯ܼҵĵϵСĺŴУԴԺдҲǵӦ֣˻һ۵ĸ֮С
¥ΡѧϵĳɾԲö˵˳֮Ϊ⽨һٿȫֱӴ˺ѧѧƣ֪ж˿оⱾС˵ҡһ䣬νĹѧʦ
дĹŴס⽨ƶȡͼҲġƣƶȡò˼ͬʱյûκԣҲĳ鳭©
˵Ҳ½ˬӣֻҪºãطҲô
֮ѡⱾ飬ҲǾ˼ǵġ
ǰǱߴ֮һͿأףΪԼ½С˵Բ˽⡣ΪʱŮһûʲôʶŪĹ³׽ˡ
û뵽½ˬȻǸŮӣɴС½Ĵ󸻴֮ңʲôûʲôûټϣйԴӾкŮӸĴͳ½Ҷ½СҲǳݣ簮ĳ̶ȡ
СŮӣͼʶԣͨ˻Ҫǿ֡
½˵ŮħͷСǸС˵ԣÿ첻һ飬;ϲþˣƣͣһĻҲۡңС˵ڶǳ򵥣˿ͷܲ³βûʲôڴ
ߴȷʵһ飬ûͬʱѧϵĿܣ½ˬ˵Ҳһù۵Ĺ£ҪǷֻ
˵ˣСѾͷڸϵ˵˼Ѿ󳬳ͬʱ˵ŮӣԼִŮԵķ緶
ҲΪˣ͸öԸˡ
ôóʲôĹأ
ЩΪѣó˰죬ͻȻһһֱŮħͷŴŮӿĶȻϲһִϸеŮѧͼࡣ
ֻúִŮϲʲô㳭һⰡ
ڲΪԼͻȻ뷨
ǡһҹڴԽִӣ׼
Ϊ˼С㣬ò
˵½ˬϲִŮ治İͬСŮƽռҲûʲôãϲϷС˵һλͽŮѧվ㿴ڵǰһһ첻Ųѡ
Ͽ飬ϲʹ̨Ǵۺɫ֡һһǧǮģһڴֽ䡣ʲôͶ³ƽŮְԱ͹үĹ¡׼һִҹ´ȫ
ֹҲǲִܳ磬ֹ³ȥҲûκ塣
νBL⡭ܳ
˰죬ڵǾ̵Ķһԡ
̵鶼ִģڳʱ򻹵תɰ׻ðչ˵ϲʫʰʵ̫ڸտʼѡĴ¥ڵǰ˼ǧ֣Ȼˡ
æµ֮ʱͬС·ڵĵһۣססһȵʣдͬģôַ񣿡
дģҲţԣͬġ֧䣬ֻ㽫Сˡ
дͬȷʵһʵĺ÷ӣ߶дĹ±Ҳ죬׾ʹȥˡС˵дͬ˵ĵټ̵С˵ȻÿԶԶ㲻Ͼ䡣ңڵ߶Ҳ졣Ҫдͬˣдѽһ䲻𡣡
˵ͷͷǵ۾һ룺ԼĥʲôŮС˵ŮԶߵһȻ޴֪ǰһߣ̣ջ
æСԼߣһʳĺô
˵ʵڻСΪ鿴ö࣬ЩƧͼʣŮƽռҲ̫˵һھǡͬˡ
Լʱ£ش˵˵ͬˣʵҲûʲôϸͬС˵ǽĳС˵Ĺ±дµĹ£ܺ崩˵ףʵǽ˶ºС˵ӺϵүǰүʮүʮүǱС˵
ȻžžһͨһСʱڶˣæС̣ͱ˵崩ˣʲôɿҪҲҪΣֻҪլ顣ôʱĻҲѧ´ʻ㡣
ͬ˰Ҳû٣ûʲôÿС˵˵¥ΡǿһȻ峯дģɶ߶ԺĹ±Զվı༭ʦ˵ܶŮ߶á¥Ρֵͬġιڣ㾿ûУ
͵վһЦôûջллСͽһһԲƱϣͣ

û¥Ρȷʵһѡ
Ȿ
ȣʱˡٹĴʻŽһͲ½ҵдʵϣ½ҵĸС˵еĴʢһΪһ½ҵĹ½ˬڶⱾʱȻһִС
֪УˡСմСѧ´ʻ㡣
ֻ֪½С¥ΡеǸ
Ρƻã
ùƲܣ̽ࡣô롣
Σ鱾ʺŮӿڵڴѧѧĵʱ鱾ǱضĿɴͼݽȥܾ֮ùʵ̫ƽˣһͷڣֻǵȸõȼ
ˣЩʻĳĿΪʱŶ䵭Ȿ֮
¥Ȿ鱾дΪ½ҲȴʺŮĶ
³Ѹ˵˵һ¥Ρѧҿסѧҿӿ࣬ҿԼҿ¡Ӿ仰óʺϲͬԱĶʲôƷζʲôĶϰߺȤⱾҵȤĲ֡
ҲһеʡνһǧһǧķءŽ⣬ܹں֣ˡ
ⱾС˵ա
ȻҪⱾ飬ڳСͼŮͬƱܳȥʳĵϽϳһѧ˶ġ¥Ρ׼ȱ±á
ʵϣҲ֪ʵ̫Ҫһֲ©رûпܡ
һһٶֵĺƪƣֲ̣һȥȫ
ǹ򣬻౳ʫδʣ˴ɢʵڡ


127 ⲻǸӦ
ԣھҪҲֻܽ¥Ρеʫʺ;дЩʲôϸڱ©ڡڹ£żһ£ʱԼддˡ
˵ǰһ½ѧлѧ˲汾£Ը£ǺѶȣҲĵƾһ֮ѡ¥ΡĹдԲ
¥ǰʮǲѩ۵ԭʮǸ߶ȫԼһٶ֣ʵҲðһٶʮȫġòʮֵƪ½ˬͷǱҪ
ƾⱾÿһأŪͼԡ¥Ρÿ½ڴԼǧּ㣬Ҳʮµӡһһ£Ҳһʱ䡣ʱԣʱáýһµӸˣ˵ҲͨͬСϼ档
ˣ²˳٣鱾ϸĶ
ѧġ¥Ρһıֻ轫һͿˡ
һ߿һߴ򿪵ϵĵⱾһϸĴ١ÿ½ڶһ仰´żȻгֵʫʺҪϸڡ
ܱȱҪࡣ
ڲΪԼͻȻð취
һôȥˣܿ죬ǰʮصĹ¹ֱ꣬Ϯ˽ƽȼΪֹ˦˦Ѿ˫֣ͣ
ϣ뽫ʮصĹһ飬Ȼſʼд١
һҪͻȻԼļͻȻõó棬ټǵһֲ©ԭеҲظԼǰ
⣬⣬⡭ˡҲ֪Լļ˲٣ȴ֪ţƵ˳̶ȡ
ûһ£̲סһϼ衣
һںȽȥȴоκζѵһ׿ˮ
ʲô裬᲻ɽկˣһһۣ̱ʲôĶԣɫҲڣǼٻ
ϼǳôûζ˵ûзҲ׷ֱģֻ赹һָϣһճǶԵġ
ںǲ⣬һƻݺݵҧһڣͬһûκζ
ͬʱŵĵӵҲһʲô
һ𣬱һȺͻȻЩ׹Լ״Խӿˡ
ų״ԽٽִҲ𽥵һ͡ҲΪԽʱʵ̫˼Ҳ֪ʲôԭԼļͻȻţƵĿҲһܰɡ
ֻڲŸԼܣǲ̫˵㡣ǰһӱ鱳ʫ࣬ٵҪ״ԽŸԼ
죬ⲻ
ڿЦãʵϣĿıҲûʲô֮κ˾һʱѵܼԼļκһܹйĶˣҲˡڽʿߺԺǣץһһƪ¹ȥֻ迴飬ٷ֮ʮ˶˲䵹
üԣǹŴ˱ӵеְҵ
оڵЩΣȴ̾ϢʱգץʱҪеĶˡ
鵽ʱ٣ȳ״Խ֮ΪҲõ϶ڡ
ִ鼮ɽ纣һһ塣ȻҪʿֻȥרűѧ鼮ˡִѧʲôģҲܲôֻ࣬ź

ص֮ھͿʼ¥ΡΪ˼ӿٶȣһʹöëʡҲ鷨ôô
ϮԼҪˣһһ֡
ҲдҲдؼ֮ٵϴˣ̲סһǧֲܰ˯
죬ƪŪסóءֱ̫龳ݺ¥Ρ
ⲿڵ꿴¥ΡʱϲĲ֣ҪǴ˵ɫǱؿ˯ΣȻھӵ³£˸ɡ
дǱл㱣žδŮҲԾգ繣´棬ѽѷ֡
Ա߱һԴ񫣬дϸڣҪϸڡ
£ڿϷܱʼ飬Լ˵һⶫ䵽УлĿɡ
æͷһȴ½
һί
ԭһȻҪ飬ɵѧȴ˿ûҪļնĥƤ֣Դ֮󣬲
Աд££ԱһΪ졣һ߿һСۡ
տʼʱ«ѺҰһڣСӻϾ˵е˼Ҳ֪ʿŮôˣŮǷžۡǣҶһ
ýָһ£½˵ģʲôƨ¡ӷף˯ŮħͷֻҪ¡
ۣͣ±ʣЦʣǻ㣬ôд
°ͣ룬ش˵ȻʿŮƭȥ֮¥¥ʮͣûò黭һͨȻһӣã֮ӣȻ๫״Ԫ˴١ȻһżȻĻۣͬһԲʲôġ
ùЦ水½ôд¥Ρǡ¥Ρ
ЦϣڵֻĿζܴӡ水˵ôдǱ黹ľҪˡңҰԼ˼·дܰ¸ˡ
д«к«֮󣬽ǽдءҲǱĲ֣ȿһڣξŮʱ½ڻȻԭһɫС˵úúãϲˡ
ŮħͷҲǻزɣȥҲ
д̫ϸˣһʴ񫣬񫡣
ӵĲҲǣԭôдģøĶءܲҪдɣؿ使һ΢죺ū⣬յơ
¥ΡͲǡ¥ΡˣǵԶš
仰ø˸ѡ
űҪдһ䣺ȴ˵ڷСѾͷǺèܣűлСƵҵС֪ε֪нг
ʱȴһͣ
һͣʣδ㣬Ա½ˬͷ
գǶдֵĺá
ͼдϮ˹ϵʱȴֻճʪһƬŵæʻʣôˣ
һϮ˱ǸŮӣֱȱ꣬Ҳʡ¡˹⾰бһ룬Ѹߵķɺ죬첻ʡԾѣĸҳԹѾ߲ʱȡһ뱦ϡ
ý㣬ǧˡ
ϮҲĵЦʵΪʲô
˵ƣʵģ
ֻܺϮȴֻЦһᣬŰ֮ϸ˵Ϯ˵˽飬ߵϮЦ
ϲϮΣǿϮͬ쾯ѵ֮£Ϯ֪ĸ˱Ҳ޿еģŤ˰գκΣֻúͱ´һ
Դ˱Ϯ˸ԲͬϮ˴ҲԽְˡ
⻰Ҳᡣ

½һҪʱŭڣڸ磬ƽռ㹻˼ɣô̭ˣڿҺͶ㣡


128 С
ŴԣЩȻתͷ˿½ôˣ
㣬дһβҺͶ֮𣿡յؽָڸϣӡֻúͱ´һϻΪָ׼һͿϺˡ
ڡꡱһЦӣԭѾֱɫȥˡǵģŪˣΪԭ͵ġ
ҲǺЦ벻ôͨһ£ȴ½ӵĳҹϡŴҹӵܵɴѾɣѾһձˡ
ҲⰡ
ӾȻɫоҪ̫á˺ῴûࡣ
ôҵԭ˭أԼǱҲû٩Լ½Щ̲סʣԺҲûкӣǺˣ
¥ΡеЩ½
ЦĵһԭѦ
û֣ҵȼ˵ܡ
һҪúдһѹӣò˰Żڡ½ȭͷ
ڽ½ڻһӣ˵һҲ㲻ǸС˧硣ʱ½ӾΪԼˣ˷˼졣Ȼȿͬѧͱү˵ϵʱʲô飬ѾӦùĵˡ
˭ҸоôãҪԼ˧ɫϴأ
û⣬ĺˣ϶ǹӡڱŪЩˣͷдĲ֡
ֱд֮½ڵĹѾ˵ھʹձʣҲһС߳һһ½ֵô¿ʼ̵桢ȻҪܶƪдʵĲ֡
ǰڶԲѩ۵Ҳûʲô˽⣬ղ˽⵽˵һ´ӷչ֣߳תϣ˿˿ۣղܡ
Ĵֱʰ
һд꣬߿ѹһ̵ֵ沿֣Ҫһʱ
Ҳﲻ½СİǱóĿġ
ˣֽдȥܲŶȥ
ԭǡֱһٹ
ⲿҲǾ֣һͲЦϡ
һٹΪ˼ʶ٣ǱеүС׽Ūһ
˼ҵӵܣǱʶһָһȵ˼½ҵүСǣδû۸ڶĽ
ȷʵܹץס½СģԿ϶½СԻԼеһɫȥһָЦݣԻ׽Ūһ˼ߣڳһ̬ЩòŵĶݣǵǧлС
ˣ϶ἱһΪ졣
ԵģҲѧеYYܸ߼֡һ뵽һ㣬д󺧣ʵϣŴܹʶֵĴᾫӢײ㣬¥ΡⱾС˵һʼдĿ߾в׼ʹٹˡѩ۶Զ˼İѾﵽ˼⡭ܴôһд֣Ҳ̫Ƚˣ̫ǰˡ
ͻȻ䣬ڶԲѩͶء
еľëʣųȥϵľȣԼٹһһд÷ˡ
ֲҲǧ֣ȴмתۣЩ˼
ȿʼдϵŮΪҾƶۼˣн꣬ڼʹϿȥ˵Ů䣬Ůײϣзȵأû˰ݡٵѣʲôӿģУҲֻδأ
ϻһ䣺ıˣ졣ҵһƣͽȥٹԮ˵ˡ
ŮҲģϵŮȴйǣ˵˵ĺãôõȥֻҲϽȥߣûİ״ģ
⻰ԥˡ
Ȼӧһˡ
ǧֵƪȴдü䣬ֽԸ̻˹ȷʵ˵á
дһһϣ
ϴ˰ٽٸǰʯʨԱߣֻſڵĽϲҹȥ·ֽ˰仰Ȼﵽǰֻͦصǡָֻŵڴϣ˵̸ġֻòʣ̫үɸ˴һᣬʣģЦ̫̫㷿ܴүġλ̫үЩˣ

ˣĿƪдϡ
ڽβ˸СϾܷȥٹܵõʲôô
һֵöڴ顣

ʵϣһ½ڣѾӽ֣ڵԤƵѾ󳬳
һڣѧѧѾɢȥֻ½Ա߿ŸӣҿҲѰŮħͷϲ𣿡
⼸Ѿʹü飬Ҳû˼ٽ͡
Ӷ£һ𣬴ԼʮҳһС
ʹǶëʣӬͷС֣Ҳֽ
լĲֽ
ڣȥӿſȥ͵ô͡ҪʮͼһŶүдһ֡š
һ򶨣֪ôģ½ͻȻڳġ
ŮħͷϲɣأԿ
½ʣڸ磬⼸նлˣͷͷվҾ򹰡
ڣлңһ֣һҼȥ

ôˣԸ⡣
ǣǡЦڸ磬ȻǺõģȻҿЩһ㣬Ĺд̫ϸˣëƤдýٹǶΰɡһ˵仰һһ˵仰һԣһ˶ӣһͨɽ٩׻ˮһسȥˡܾܲ㡭͵û˵仰ˡ
עˮƭѰû¡
ڷ˸ۣ½æסֺõʣڸ磬ɶ
ëʣд¥Ρġ룬ȴеɫС˵ζ˰ͷһŰֽд¡ʯͷǡ֡
½ϲ̵ذǸץУ˿һְ֣ڸдá
ϻܲ𣿡Ƴ鷨ң忬һ磬׭֮ʣӲΪۻ룬ƻֺ꣬پȻׯΰʺ鼮桢Ҷׯصĳϡ
Ҳû룬д֡
˭
ŶѽһţֲСʱѧ鷨ѾʮˡŲԼ˵˻
ˣǿϧ氡ϧϧϧ˻ţ·ȥ϶һҡ
ѧ鷨Ҫġɴҵֵǣǹ˼ͨ˸û
Խôʱ䣬ҲӴٶˡ
˵ʵڻ˼ʸĵĸҹӣܶдֶĿ
ңƳרعݸûκֵ壬һԲ鷨˷̫ʱ䡣
ڲͬӾȥʣӣҵдͷˣӦҪ̿һأ
ָָԼѾЩȦĺˣ϶ƶ飬۾ˡұĳûУֻһ㣬ԱţűعӺɷ˵ĻҪ


129 Щ
ⱾǺĵģ޾ԣֹϵԼܷ嵣ɲšֻҪܹ½Сˣ½ʹӦԼȥˡ
ǣ½ˬϲⱾ
˼ңҵҲʲݡ
ϣھȻʧˡ
ڶ˸磬ȵѧ֮£Դκġ
ͿӰŸ˽鿴ƵӣһƨϣͲס
д˸ͻ̲סʣΣ
ɫһػʱͽˣֻñ͡
ôҰҵȥȻֽһÿΣۼˣűŴд»իȥˡ
һߣʣ½㾿ôˡ
¡Ůħͷɶ񣡡½ŭؽȭͷԼϡ
һҪϲⱾ飬дһˡο½
ǣǣû⣬Ůħͷϲŭɶӣ޷޵˵˶ʮͼģŮħͷʱû˵Ҳû˵ǣֻȿ˵һͿԣѾ˵Ůħͷҹʱ˶ŷ¸ϴЪס˵ÿǳÿѵõǻôˣͷҲ֪дж೤ƪ񫣡
һ̲ס¶һ˿Цݣ㻹ʲôɵĵأ
ڲ˵⻰ãһ˵½Ӷˣһ磬Ůħͷһŷ⽻ң˵鲻дǴ͡Ҵŷһֻʮͼ˵öʮŵģˣ
⻰ҲǿЦá½Ҳ̫ʵˣ½ˬŹֵӣͱţԲ⡣
Ƥʲôӡ̾Ϣһòֵڸ磬µ½дûСдˣҰɣܲٴֳ廻ҳûˣֻһǱһҳһҳСֻҪܡ
ûдأȵҡֽ̯öëʷɿд
Ҳûд̫֣ͽһԺĲдǡȻҪڴ㣬һһµ½ˬθڡ
ɵģҪӸ԰ֻ衭
ȳԹ緹һƪǧֵĸѾдϡ
ڽε½һˡ
㣬ŮħͷӦ𣿲Ź֣½бҳֽӿµֶΣ˸ս
ˣ£ҷĸڵһЦ˵УһҪҳͼ
ôܣ½һվͬʱתͷ
ڣȥˣԭһֲ©ͬ˵ԹԾͷ
˵Żֽˡսѧǵҵ꣬ƪµ
һƪ½ģȽ꣬Ȼṹ־䣬ĩͷ΢Ц½ƪдúãധĦĦ
Ŀ佱½ɫ䣬һȻ񵭣ѧһ
ϣÿοҵõһɷڿϸϸͨ͸
һƪһ㶼ں͢ׯ
ʵһϯλռˣֻ轫Լеľ䶼Ҳûֹʲô¡
³һƪһƪֳϲ㡣˵ҲĲ׾ѡĶһЩͨ֡ݬ룬еȻǼãеȴǿ⡣
͢í˾Ҫͬڽһ̣ҲɹΡ
ۼž֮ڻһ£˹µĺûֱӹϵδԵΣԼ˹ͨһʱѧϰȻ֣½͢ӣҲδľС
˾½ѧľӢ
ǰһд¸ɱζеʱ򻹻Ϸͼôҡһ䣬˰˹ĺ֣벻ͨˡ
֪Լҵʲݣܱġ
һƪĿ϶͢µģȻô⣬ȴЩˬ
Ʒ½£ӷϡ
ʱ򣬸һƪˡ
֪϶Լ̲ס͢һۡ
ȴǼһ˫ֽճȭԵЩš
ؿһۣڣдЩʲݣɲˮ׼ҵٶԸ£ġ
ֻվǣѧ֪ˡ
ֽͷת˵Ŀɻֻ
͢ɿ˫ȭһظɫоȻһ˿⡣ȻѾԿ϶һƪĿ϶ˡ
ɾʱ򣬴ʱһݸӣȴЦе㾪ϲһƪ½ģдúܺãóĵġڣȽƪ¶һ顣
зһ͵͵ľΪһƪĿ϶͢µģû뵽ȴ⡣
½ѧԼҵɷƷѧǵҫһֱ½õһһڣ͢£׼һת
ѾһЩӣû뵽½ȴͻɱ˽ڣ⡢ֶ˵ĳȴ塣
͢ĸ½ӣҲûκˡУڻǿΪԼĶ֡û뵽ȴ½һĶС
ͬ˺ݺݵشһһ͢һò԰ס
½ҲЩ⣬תͷؿԼĵܵܡ
½ӡһҵģҵģҲƲסԼϲ֮ˡ
ÿʼŭָָ׻̫½¡½ӸһľϲһֱΪ½һӵܡû뵽¾ȻҲдòɼ˱Ͽһȴһ˲šֻռûֳˡ
ͻȻ½ǰ˵Ļ뵽½˿½Ҳеģ˵ʶˣ½ȴҪǿ࣬
뵽Ҳӳȥɹͷˡ
ӹһ٣亹ųˣæһģɿ£ȴβסĵ⡣

ʹ죡ɢѧ֮ӵشЦڸ磬㿴ûУ͢µѿлУ½ҲࡣܹǲģĿ֡ôѧı˰ɣ˰ɣǲѣһ˰
оɡ΢ЦſҲСӻϲ滹Щġ
оǺܺãǡǡ
ʲôЦеʡ
̫ˡ½Ƶ˵һظУ˳Է˯Ǳ鱳̫̫ˣҪҹӹҲûζüζˡ
㣬벻磿ɫʡ
Ȼ˭費磬ִ¡
Ǻãյ磬ԵЩҲʲôˡ룬˾ˣֻʲôӣ
ȴӵͷ˼ҧÿ֨죺ˣٿһ£˾ˣҡҰе鶼ճɻҽģ⼸һͷۻŻƫƫ²
ҪЦȴһСүүССһ仰ʣɶʯͷʲôʱ͹ȥ


130 ȼ
½תͷһСĸԺ̺㣬ʮһ꣬¾ʮҪŵԺȥ
½ֺţСˡȵʮᱻ򷢵ׯ԰¡
ʲôʯͷǡʯͷǡҴʲôҿҲǺͿ½һ壬һš
Ҳ˼۾ȻͷʾƽҲ½ˣԶԶԣү˵ǣǡʯͷǡСȴǼǲˡȴ֪СôϲʯͷˣҲ֪ʲôʯͷֵǮ
ϻ治٣ȥ½ӱ߶ЦȥС㣬˵Ͼͻظ˵ʯͷѾҵˣ׼ͽ𡣡
ǣүͷһˡ
Сӡ½̺һСͳڹ˹֣ڸ磬úˣллʹ˱
ȵȡס½ӣҶˣǲǸгŵˣ
½һ㶣͵һţǣԡˣʡĺˣһǮٲġ»ԺӺҾ˰Ʊ͹ȥڸҪʮһҲ޷輸ղܶһ
ȷʵһ˼Ҷܷôӣܴһѵġ
½Ȼ½˵ǼҵӶ֭ܳҺֱӹؽһ飬С͵Ҳû취͵ߡ
ңе˭ûȨã½ĵÿҲֻм·ݻ
Ժ̫أҲЯǮƱ
˵꣬½ӰȾҪߡ
վסڱӵƤòסͷӵ顣
½֧Сӣʣǽ½˵鰡Ҳ֪ڸҪʲôˡ㲻˵һˡ
Щ˼Ǹ
ڣʲôҲҪʣҽȥˡ֪ʲôطʱֻһ棬˵仰Ϳˣʲô鷳ġ
鷳鷳𣿡½ؿڣû⣬Ͼȥ¾ĸ׵ԺˣԹͬһȥˡֻһֻҪί㡣
޷ܵڼ½ӦҲϲá
½½լѰҲȥǣǡ
ʲôҲ뵽һ㣬оеͷۡ
½լδСӣ룬ʵڲУڸίһ㣬Сӵѣٰ½˽ȥ
⵹Ǹð취ڣǣô͵С𣿡
Դͬʱϳ̶ԽԽߣνһһ䣬һꡣ彡׳пͦΡһˣȥٰ½СӣͲ
£ҽȥ˭¡½һʿúܣû׼ڸ棬ʮһ֮ʮҲ˵һ
Źأ
²˳٣½ڵĳ룬˻ظȥѰһСӵ·
ߴСӻ治ңãһסɴȴͬסЩ͸һԳͦε֦Ӣ
ȣǵ¾ػǵ¾أǵ¹ݿ˾ٰ
Ͳһ˫Ƥѥˡ
ʰͣѽƻ裬Ϧ¡հɫĲȾصգһɫʰ쵵Ĺޡ
Ƹ߹ʣﶼͿĨһƬõ졣
½ѧûһ֣һǳдٹ˵լڣԵú徻߲˼·Ϳ½ſһԲ˫۵ĺʯʨӡ
Ϧ£ʯʨҲȾɺɫͬ͸˵ĺͭ
ں½һߵſڣſڵļŷߴСӶһľȡ
ֵǣ˿˵ǰͷһķʡ
˿Ҳ֪ķԺġ
Ǹں½ԵЩִ١
ЦЦҲû˵ʲôֻŷ˵ͷ򾲵سȥ
ŷ֪ڵ˴ݣҲҲͬʱ˵ͷȥˡ
˰ಽˣ½Ų˲ͷϵĺˮڸ磬ˣ벻򶨣ҷŵòɡ
һЦĵ뵱ѧʱΪͷȣżٵʱûǮƱһƱ¸ɵöˣʾһ
½ӣˣҪȥǰ·լúܣϸ·
ڣȥ﷿
Ժ﷿أүүСҲרŵͷլҲһ
ȥլ﷿
ã֪ڸҪ˭
ʱ֪ˡ
Ӳ˵ڳһȥ
ԽԽҲ֪˶ãȻûͷʱڲŸп½ģ֮ĺŰ
ϣȴ΢ЦȫȻûан
һǰͻȻͿһƽд𣬳һƬ
гǶһƬæµ
½ˣڸѰѰҪҵڲ
ۼ⣬һ۾ͿƷڵϣǰһڴľ裬ϴˡ
ľþˣֱһˣİײ˶ѵøСɽƵġ
һָȥƷ˾һǳ⣺㣬ĥ䣬ϴʲôˣ


131 Ҫҹܲ
Ϊ˶࣬ںվڷݵĹսǣǰһӽвֵĹľ辰½Ҳûǡ
辰֦ھͿƷ˻̧ͷϸϸ˵ѾϴˣǵһһЩҲѰȴǹĥ䡣
˵ǰĴʱƽݣ˵һԼ޹ص顣˵ʱĿ򶨵ؿǸִ
ĿǾþλߣϰָʹˣŻӵС
۽Ѿһ˿βƣĿƣݱ𵱳ȴҪࡣһͷ㷢Ϊһûϴڳ֮У塣
˵ЩٲǸ˴Լģ
Ȼͬй죬ɿƷ˱ģȴЩѹ
һסһګګôô
һȣͻȻһƬײҶӣһæַסǽڣûе
ִײǽϣ󡣼ڳɻĸ˶͵͵Ц
ǰŮ˲һֻڳ﹤λԼͣƾʲôҪԼǰô
˵Цһǵͨ죬߳ŭӵץһŴײ˹ȥ
ͣһǿŴײҵƷͷϣһء
ƷͷϵͷҲɢˣɢڼϣлżưɫ
һƬҶôϣԵðԵû
״ĸ˶ͣµΧ£֡
ſһ潸Ϊ㻹ǰǸˣޣǸֻҼү㣬սСھǸǧûǰװסܵġ
˵Ʒ˴СʳȥƼŮ֮ƼҶһӣȴ䵽ǰŮ֮֡
ּΧָָ㣬ЦſЦ
Ʒһ۾ˮ
Ʒ˿Ӹ߿ޣ֪˰ɣҵҲȥ÷ľʲôˡۿǶү谮ķı㡣֪ɣұ÷½ӵǺǣ½ʲôˣǿ½δϣ
ָԽ˵Խ⣬ֲĴָָԼҪӣϿͷҸˣԷһ
ƷҲ˵ɱ۾ȴΪŭ΢΢
ڿΣ̲ס΢΢һüͷ
½ɫ죬ָָƷˣǲҪҵˡ
ڵ˵ͷҲ˵ĬĬǰȥᳶƷͷƬҶֽӵʣˣû°ɣ
Ʒǰǧ㲻ԣô˵Ҳ嵵ĸףС޵ңڵĸס
ͻȻйҺӿ
Ʒ۾һڣһ㶣ǾϲǱˣ㡣
ҡ
Ҳ½ˡƷȻһЦϵ·չ黹ûӹҽ㺦ˣҽҶˡ
Ʒ˻еϧǸ⣬ͷһȣìܶȥۼˣ²㣬һˣҶġ
˵ŻԱߵЩͷˣһѣ˭ѽķСˣҲĵط
һʱһΣдΪ죬ĲҪ۸һˣǲԣӦõǸ
ǸЦˣ֪˭𣿡
Ȼ֪㲻½𣿡
֪˾ͺã㲻һСˡˣŮһģ뵽ʲôţԭҲǸģڹǰסˣ£ҷ̺㣡
ͬһİ﹤ӾҪ
𣬱֡ƷͻȻݺݵؿһۣڣҪ£ʲôˡ¸ͷϴдȻͬΪѵġ
ԣ°ɣСӣЦЦһķⶼڲǲӿ
˶ظЩͷΣһЦҪҹ򣿡
һôԸ⣿бһۡ
Ҫҹ㣬ֻǲеģܲ𡣡
ڣˣ¡Ʒ˴󾪣ǳ⣺˵ʲô
֪ƷΪԼãΪԼѾ½ūšԼͷˣûµģܴ
ܴʲôõĶƷɫת
£̹£


132 
£ֻ»ܲ𡣡ʱһ
½޷޵˳ԲһɨһۣʲôǺ𣿡
ǶүΧ۵ǳһæһүʱɢ
£ֻʣڡƷ˺½ˡ
ȴη壬΢΢һԭǶүʲôʱģﶼˣúܡүӽȴĵطǸеļ񣬻ǿЩ߰ɣû۾
Զҳ½еЩݵ˶
ûκ𾴵˼Ӵŭʲô˵˭أ
˭ָָںƷˣүеҲùܡȻү﷿ȻҪܵˡգ͵ˣüҷ̺ҲǶ½Ĺءɫж½½ҵΪм
½һȻ½ҵϵڸһֱûʲôڸС
½ĸ׹طǸĳ˳Ҳ£дСԲ½ĸ׷֮֡
½ŻڣǰԲδп½ҵĶ½̫һῴֻһԵĻ
½Ҿһ£ֻҪȱ۵ģ׿
½˷½ĴƲߣȴһ˽ģҲ֪
ңǷݣȻ½ɫ
˵꣬Ҳ½ںƷ˺ȵ£
û뵽½ҵô½ӣǰ
ղŲˣ㲻¹򡣱˵һͨĳ˳֪ˣҲҹ¡ڵһۣٲǣֻߵƷ˵ˣܲܽһ˵
˵⻰ŭƨһ񣬱ΪжүˣΪ˭˵ʲô󻰣ٲ򣿡
½Ȼ֣ȴʵֻܾػƽռֻ˳Ժ֣Ҳϡȴ½Ƿﵽͷʺκ̡
һŭ֮£ȥһ⣺ūţҶҺͽڸ˵˭ĵӡýڸҲ𣿡
һǶڳ˶סˡ
Щһ͵Ҳһæͷ˻ȥٲҶ࿴һۡ
һѾ͵󺿣ү½ʮ꣬࣬ҵҵûйҲп͡վΪү𷣡
Ц㻹ˣʲôǰ㡣
ָڵ֪˭𣿴˳츮ӣŹģԼٲϾǣ˵ˣڿ϶о١˴үҲǵģ㣬ٺ٣󣡶˳˹عĸֻܹӡһūҲ¹򣿽շϻ˵׽ɱȥ˳츮ѧѧۡ
˵գһѾסӾϡ
ʿӹ£󣬿ɼٲһ۸˰һʵţҲȨ׼
ȻȨ׼ȻͨܲȨ
һ˶ˣһٸʮ
ˣ˵ͨգָŻʵ۱¿ˮ˷ǣʿֿģ˫ʿ
ڶ˷طҲֱѶѧڳѧٸﷸĹ֮󣬲оѧٻʱ԰ԼĿʹͷطٻöûκΰ취
Ȼ˾Ѿе֮أ˵ˡ
һץ˳츮ѧţ¶˱һҡһһйʿӾȻū£ȻȺ鼤ܣҲѲƤ
һ뵽صĺɺһͱͬʱ罫
ײײش½ѣͨһǰǿͷԼ⣺λ๫ū۲ʶ̩ɽ˭˼Ҵһ½˵أ˲ʶС˹ĹūһΡ
½Ц֪˰ɣղҺͽڸںۣʫԣһСŪѣźһһĸʲô˶۸
ڲ˵˵Ʒǰˣ˵˵ûɣҰɡղҲԡ
ƷһѾһŻ֮Уû뵽ҡһ䣬ţֳ˴ʱĵ½үϱ
һ˼ǰסƷˣƷˣһ˵
Ʒľص˵ͷһߵԱһƧСԺ
½ɿĴĸѾ½˵ƾ½ϹĹۡǿӶ鲻ǵʱͿ˸ǿ֪½Ҿ˭£
½ұ˺ܳʱ䣬һʱΣһŭ졣
ȵԺӣҪ˵
ƷͻȻЦڣ벻ĵ˹ӽϴȻñ°ǰһ濴㡣ô쿴ˣĹҵЦ
һ˺γԣ


133 һú
Ʒ˼Цдһ˿裺ڣûĴʱǿ㣬⡢ҵĻ¡ڳɶʱҲ˵һЩĻҲ֪ɵһУûйɵӵΪһĸףԼŮȥܿѵд
ڿЦûдˣЩʲô
Ʒ߿ָֻ˵ǸԵӣڣңָΡҲİԼŮ͸һСӡô𣿡
᲻áƷ˵ʵ̫ǿˣͻȻЩͬԼ׼ګƷ˵£ڸоЩмܲסΪ£Ҫ𾴡Ͼڵĸҵĸװ
գ̡
ˣ˵¡
Ʒ˽һϯȴը˷Σʱˡ
Ʒ˿ûͣ˼ҧЦ֪ң޵ǡƼˡȴ⣬˰ţ½ҵү鲻ǳ硣Ҳ˵ʲôǲˣ½ø֦Ҫͷػףڰڣ㻹涮ӪǰȴСˡ
νҹУ˲ǰ԰ڣҲȤζҼ㣬Ƕǵ˼סˣֿƼǣ˼ҪǰҡôǲȸùάղżΪѵūҳһȻ˵һЩжõĻ
˫Ҳ˵
ˣô̫˰ɡ
Ʒ˻ǲϷŹһлӸղʩԮ֣ΪֻţԱĴ¡
ôӿɷˣ
㡭ʶá̲סҪ
ŶǲҪʶôǰɡƷ˼һЦղָҲˣ˵ҲһֻȻǼȻʶʲôôˡ
˵ԽԽ̣ȴԽ
ȻǿѹѾƷѹþˡ
䣬ɻߣȴһ̾Ϣ;վš
ҲҪйһ°
ȵ˵꣬ڲ͵˵ˣҪȥ嵣Ҫһ仰ȥ𣿡
ŮƷ֧Ųȥһʹ£ŮŮﺦ㡣һҪΪ游͸ϴгֳӡ飬ƼҺ䵽ء
ĬĬؽһֽݹȥ
Ʒ˲һᣬͻȻץסڵ֣Ҳ˵嵶½ȴ֪ڸʲôңͻȻһη͵ǣŮùɫ㣬Ůӣֻ½ҡҲкܴܱ˵滿ȴ֪Ҫܶ𺦣ĸӣֻһ춼ȥ
һ뵽µΣƷ˹˲÷йæѯʣ岻ܿƵĲ
û£û£û¡½ҵĵңҲûȥǡڽСͬƷ˵ˣְοҷģѾõֻǿģֻҪ˳츮ͷͬ⣬취ҶҪǴȳȥ
ô˵ƷһҲãҲá
۾һĿ½һӦ
ôᣬͬ½ӹϵУѾͬˡֻ仰οƷˡ
ɫ˳츮Ǳе鷳ô򽻵ϾǣֻҪ˾ˣ˽ʿ˵ҲзҷģΪĸŮ˵Ҫƴһ
һϯ˵նһǿҵš
Ʒһȣ̲סڣǰô㣬ӦúƼҲǣΪʲôҪǣ
ڣ⻰˵ˣȻ˵˲Ӧ£Ҳ˻飬ȴûдӦУѾҵˣҵҲڵ¡Цһӣ괺죬ܾǳȥ˼Һ嵣ү֮ҲҪһˡ
ľ͹ˡƷ˺۾ǣѾдѽ
ڣʱڶġʱѾ磬ڲܾʲôҪСģ
ƷˣҲûʲô˵û£Ҫġ
룬˺һƬ½ǣҧָд£һаá
ĸ֡
ӹƷ˵ԣҪ뿪
Ʒȴһѽץסӡ
һС
һͻȻһѾĸףһᣬۿʪˡ
ӣǰҲǡƼңĴʱҲӼùݣٵͷȴֻǡ뵱ô㡭ӣô㣬Ը𣿡
ڲƷ˿Լ۾Ứ嵶ҲڵסӲԸĸ֮ȥ飬۶ԴԼ˵¡ˡ
Ͳͷ
ƷںֺһӣһúӣؿȫǸصӺԲ㣬д


134 ½С
ǰҲûһԼ֮ƷʱΡ
Ҳ浽ʱ򣬵úúóһڵ걻ʱĶԼǰúϴ
ɲ֪ôģƷ˸ղһ֣ȴȫ᲻˼
ýԼǹġ
ƷͻȻһкƷ˿Ϊ֮ġĸǰԼ˽ͨ͸ˡ
ǳԼ޸ĸԸĸһȻĿԳһʶ𾴰ɣ
ǴӴģҷ緶ǻֶΣһ
ҲԼԸȱһ֣Ҳǳ˵ȱԸ񡣸ӲʱӲڻЩӹµǸ޼ɡ
˵ԸҲĲˣҲһε顣
תһ룬ƷҲԼĸҶһˣֺα໥˺ִĸһ˵ҲһֲֳĴڣһҲס
ˣǰطſЩĺáһˣ˭˭ʲôҪ
һ룬ֺ
Ժ֮½ڸڳڴͣڸ磬ˣ
ţˣˣ߰ɡ
½һ۹ڵϵˣڽڸϣͷһ·
ָԺ۸ղǸˣϲ㣬ֱȥ˳츮С
Ҷţ˭Ҵȥͳͳȥι

ʹ찡ЩūţǷ½ƽҲ̫ˣȴ˵ϣһССˣҲɱ뿪﷿һ·ˣ½ӺٺһЦһĻ󳩵ӡ
½е棬ʣڸ磬ղŮҺ˵Ĵġ˵Ǹֻ˽ܽ½ūͬ͡Ҳʶݰɣȴģ
ڣǣҵ磬ǰڵùĶۡ˵ѣε˻ᣬ
ˣˡһԴ˵ŮǰӺǣһ׮հ֮С
˵
½ˣ㻹˭ǡ
Ҫ˵ȥ嵣ֽһԹԣôˣøϽԺȥǳˣﲻֻ֪ᣬ߶ʲôӡ˵ˣŮħͷǰ߹дĸ͹ȥһˡߡ
ڵ֣ӿ˲
һ֣ڸоܲڣͽź˦̧ͷһϦѾȫ䵽ߵĵƽ¡
Ѿ׺Ժεڵ⣬һƬƺ
纣ԺԺǽȻͬ
Ժʱں½ԵܡɽլСѾӭҲ˵ׯһʩǰӯش·
һ·½Ů½ĸ׹ط˵Ժ䡣
һƬԺӣдССԺ½Ӻ½ˬֱסԺ䡣
½Ĺأ½½ˬҪĸ밲ĸ׵һ͡
ԣӲûлԼԺӣֱ߽طסĺԺ
ôͿһԲʯ̨棬߰Сˣ÷ǳҲʲôǲϡࡣ
סĿ⡣
϶ʱĺּΪ棬̲ס½ӵ
һȴϳһһ㡣õϸϸгƬը΢΢ֳ˵ĽɫȻһƬƬڳһĵĲǺඹ׺мӣҡ
һʳָ󶯡
һ긾˶˿ͭ½Ӿ֡
½ڿһۣڰڰ֣ʾⲻá
ʱ긾˺Ѿ߲ע⵽ڣͬʱ
һųһСӿ࣬ʮһ
վ˶߳һͷ
ȻһȻɿס͡
ڵЩ˼
ʱ⴫һߵĽ½½½ӣ
ű˺ݺײһϸӰ˽һѾšס½Ҹ첲ʮȡ
½ү۵һڴ£ӣӣʲôۣۣۣ
ٺ٣֪˰ɡôٲŻǲң
û´С½½ˬ½С㡣
̲סȥȴһСѾͷ⣬ûãͦɰġ
СԼһңŮ˵ҲǸ߸ӡ̫ЩͻСԵʡ


135 ξ
Է
ҹԷǵƹ⡣
ǰӣܱͬٱݵʱ򣬹ʵء񣬲ʵƶûг̣Ϊϲ졣
ﵱֵ̫Ҳһϲ
һʵ۵סľϽǡҲֻ۹ġ
ʵϣνϽǲǺճĵط𣬻ʵ۴ʱ䶼סϽԷﱾһʼ԰֣Ա߾ǺԨ̶羰
»ʵľεΪ
ɽˮлرȵļ紵棬һˬ͸ˡ
ϽΪҪֲľ̿Ͷأ̫ɹһ죬ȵøһֻҪʵ۲Ű񣬾ͲȥϽȵÿ԰˱ձĵطҹ
ҲǴǸʱ򣬲»ڵļξʵۣǰ칫Ϣһʮеʮס
ҲΪˣ˾ڸֵ
Լ׳ɵĹҲǴʱûиıٵִԷҲͱϺ
Ǽξʵ۵ľ͢ſվһͷ׵̫ࡣһϣҲͣɿϵĹٸƷٿɢǹɵݵƣȻ˾ӡ̫ƽ
ģʵеľᶼŴûĿҲҽȥ
һƬ
ƽѾһ磬ƫƫһûһ˿ķ磬۹࿴Զƽøһˮڵƹ΢΢⣬ˮסӱܿͽϵĹ͸ˡ
еǷӣҲȥκˮ
һֱվƣĿڽż⣬ͬһľ
һС̫һɵƽȷ硣
ƽŻ̧ͷϵؿһۡ
С̫ɫһףæϢȥ
֮иҰˣԶ֪˵Ľ˸ҡ
ϦѾ£õϼһ졣ɻƽгصúһȣҲԵͶͬǱǰס
һᣬһۡ
ƽͻȻЩįˣүһƽеĴԱǣˣˡͬĳ֣ϿһɷۣɸȴԵĺ浽Ͻʱ򣬶үƺҲͬ˼ǰѽ˵·ȫȻ֪жٺ֮ܳʿҪ·
ٹֻ꣬ʲôأ
ȴЩҡ

󣬴һ󼱴ٵĽŲƽ̧ͷȥȴһʺɫ̹߹һ빡
Ǵڶģ˾ϯ̫ࡢº顣
ºȻƽʮ꣬긻ǿ֮ʣֳִƶ³·ûƽĽ
ߵʵ۵ľǰºҪ죬ƽæ˰ͷ
ϧѾˣһԽﴫ
ƽæºݹȥһɫƿţŵ˽ȥ
һݣӭһӿ˶һʮëͬʱſˮȪˮһӿ
Ȼź׹ѥܹоµĽשһ
ӣȵø¯һ
ûƣڰһϮɴᣣһˡ
꣡ƽͳºͬʱȥһͷ
ɣξʵ۵еɳơ
꣬꣬ꡣ̫ͬʱ
ºȥƣƽɴᣡ
ˣյξʵɫһ˿Ѫɫ
ȵ죬ξʵۻһɽ޲ۣͷҲκ顣
ƽȥξʵȴ͵վߵһǰ£ƽº飬ǿȡ
ƽеӵݹȥүΪ־࣬Ȼ޳˰֮壬ͺˡϲ£ϲ¡ū已̥һһģȴرѰҪʴãʥϡ
ȴǿЦүүǳ̺ԸŹֲ˵񱡣ôȵ죬ƫƫҪ£űջŪͺ淿һһ¡ȴŻ󿪣ֻһ۷
үһҲô¡ÿټڸѧʿ˾Ĵ̫ʱܻὫмŪһ
ϸɹŰ򵽾ʱξʵ۾ʹϸϺʲߡԻãʮȴƵġϱȳһ󺹣ż˷磬ڻڴϡ
ʲôҪӣĺƽҲûʲô󲻵ģԼˡʵϴһ˿ƣ롣
ν죬ǻʵ۽ӵӵ֮ëպɰд´
¼Աǧǧÿ͹ӶСɽƵġʱʵֻһ˫۾Ϳ
ңԱܲٵдӵʱϲŪ壬һƪǧֵӣдɽ֣βʱŽ֮һʴûĸꡣǧֻõģ±һдղסԵӣϰʱȴһ밲ӣɱ˵ĶС
Ϊ˽Լʱ䣬ЧʣŪһ׺걸ơ
ԱӵʱҪȽӴӵԺɲԺͳһȽڸڸѧʿһ飬д´ػ࣬˾ĸ̫ˡ
ĸ̫࿴ڸĴ֮ٴʵд¸ڸãν졣
ʵϣ˾ȨڻʵۣҪӣ̫Ҳרϣ͵ʵ
ƽӾˡ
ʵ۵Ļƽү㻹Ҫ
ʲôҪҲǸ蹦̵£ݵıݣʥʥʲô»ξ¶һ˿̱ı飺ЩԱǣɹ˴򵽳ǽµʱһ˵˵֮ߣһ֪ʤ̣ܳͷ̫ƽʢˡȴ֪ĴѾˡһнΪɹ˴Ƥӵ¡⻼ڸͷʹŵһӹ١
ʵһϯеĳ˽ȥƽͳºӶһͻȻûظо⳯͢»ҪˡҲ֪ж¹һɳ죬ж˴Ӵ˹ɽ֡
ʥ޹ӣӱȴܲûȻƽ˵Ա߲ųºͻȻ졣
ȣƽΪ֪һüͷӹվڻʵǰ
ͳº飬˾̫඼ʱģ֪´һ£Ҳҵ飬ûƽȴʥͷ˽
Ŷ˵˵Ϊʲôܲʵ۶ϣ˫ڵλãĿ´
ºүĻ󶼶׾ָʹ½ӣܱͬٳɥʦʧأɱð۾ϣնĹ
ξ͵̧ӷųɫĹǱںڰеҰޡ


136 ־ϲĹط
ű˺ݺײһϸӰ˽һѾšס½Ҹ첲ʮȡ
½ү۵һڴ£ӣӣʲôۣۣۣ
ٺ٣֪˰ɡôٲŻǲң
û´С½½ˬ½С㡣
̲סȥȴһСѾͷ⣬ûãͦɰġ
СԼһңŮ˵ҲǸ߸ӡ̫ЩͻСԵʡ
ƽѧҲǸ첻µزµˣ˳۵ģ̧־ʹſھֻ۸ˣû˸ǰ˵Ҷ
ɽ䵽½ˬУͺè˿˲𷴿ͷ
½У£ӴſſٲˡӴˣ
ó½С˺֣ᶼšˡ
ڿֺֺЦð½ҵСӣԲóԮ˵棬Ҳ˵ʲô
ļСѾҲ͵͵ЦȻǰƽҲ˾ռ˵ġ
Ѿߺһˡ
֣ˡ½
ǲš
ǵġϴСˣ֣ʱѾߴӵһ긾˽ʹԼʮ꣬ȴƽƤҲڡ
½Ůˣ½½ˬĸ׹طˡ
Ѿ귢ֳ࣬Ż󣬾ֹӺݣЩС̫̫½˵ĸ׺ܲ½үģҲѹˡ
ν׳ʣѹ½ô֡
½½ˬ½쿣½ز˧磬򲻴СҲˡǾˡ
һԶŮ֣ط˺ٺЦţһĴ顣
ĸף½ˬŷſ磬ĸ׵ֲסҡΣʵڿɶǰȥĥ˵ǲǹҡ
ط˱ŮҡþܲסЦֹһ£㰡ԣ˼£˵磬Ҳö㡣
㣬ƫģô˵½СӶˣһ˫èƵӵתȫǽĹâռһʱͻԺˣôôٲŻ
㰡ſǸΪﲻ֪طεЦţʲôʯͷǵĹºÿҲ˼ҳ
½ˬΪϲ͵ҵ飬ֽȦط˲ϣסҡš
ط˰ӴһСڱҡˣĲӶ챻ҡˡ
Ҫҡ
ԱߣһѾģŮæһƿ¶ģҺŸ첲Ŀȫǵǡû´ŮӦþǶ㡣
ڿֵһĻڵһˣͻȻĪظжסĽ
½ˬּݣ½ӵĸ첲һԵࡣ
ˣæˣԷӲͷƿ㣬һڣڸ磬Էˡ
жʱһŽĿ䵽ϡ
˭½С㿴ڣһĺ档
طȴЦе½λǣʵϣղҲ֣ڵСӵĴ磬ɼĻôϵͯӣңϵ·Ҳ
ѧͬѧڡ½ӿʵȴһˡװһģ˵½ҺľɫãϧղںϷ۵ʱһСˮҾʹԺ·
լһҲܽɻԺ½ԶԲùȥ
ڣʯͷǡߣ½СУȻ͵ΧϿ¿סꡣұΪܹдôʹµˣӦһѹӣģ󲻶԰
ʵϣڵѾһ׼꣬͹Ŵϻкܴġ
ˣ½Сһʧ
΢ΣվطһҾִݵض½ˬС㣬һζãֺαҪȥʶֻµĸأ
ط仰Ц
ѾҲ͵͵졣
仰Ǯ˵ģھúеʵϣǺĴңܶ˳լڼд壬ȱ಻ôǼ͡ˣܶȵĶһѾõңʧ
½С㱾ǸŮ࣬⻰۾һ㵹ǻ˵ѹдôõĹ¡ȶΪ졣
ʲôû˵½ŭӵ֣Զţʵ㣬ʯͷǡĲҴˣӦҵأǲӲӥʵʺôǰҰѸӸ㡣ڸ磬ԷԷ극ٴȥլ䣬һҹΡ
ɡط˺һԶŮԼֵ߳ܰ΢Цų˵ͷֶ˵ڣ⼸ˬڶ֣͵Լҡ
ллˡæлһͻȻѧʱͬѧҲ䷹Σһů
½˵ĸ׳½һͨżͥڵҲССΪԺҲ⣬һˣ˵ʲô˵ʲô½Ժôء
½үŮֳһҷ̺ˡ
壬ʳ޲
طֳȴһе׺ΪƵĪϵһ𾴵̫̫
æ˶ʱ½ˬǺ͸˵ˣͳһŷˤϣɶɶ׼ˣţּۻۡ
һ־ڡ½ɫһ䣬ǶһбеЩˤڵϡ
Ǵͼ˿ǻˣ
ʲôطʡ
ûɶһС½ӻæŷУӳ濴һۣɿزؽУֳڵ˵ͷʾĿˡ
طҲ֪ŮڸʲôҡͷЩӰ
ʲôƭ㲻ɣӸҡ½С㳯ں½һ̯֡
ӹ֮СҲ˲óԷͶһЦûϹ˼ϣǵģ׽ŪƤװɵ㿴㿴˵ٹҲ̫۸˰ɣ
Էʱ飬ô㣬඼ιȥˡŮԴ½ˬĺУطתͷ˵ڣϾǸйʿӣһ˵·áö㽫ү·Ѱһ׹ϲ
лˡ
طʰѧΣֱӣСĻػ
ƽͬ½˵ʱ㣬ɵʽֹӦԶʮֵ塣
ڱϾǸִˣʶ㣬ƽȵĹѾ裬Ҳӳ˵һطˣڻʵǰҲ٩٩̸
طаͷǲ˼ң;սս˵ˣȴ˴⣬ȻǸˡ֮ˣǰȻˡͬѧ߳࣬ҲܵõӰ졣
˵˼仰طͻȻзǳ΢죬̧ͷȥȴ½ˬšʯͷǡĸӿԡԼĶ½֪ʲôʱͳ˼Ÿӣüʲô
½ˬҲùܣϲЩ飬ŮլԺܵЩʱ䣬ɶΪʲô
У½ȴ˵ڸ磬дƪȻ˵ڶ佱˰죬ܾʲôطдò⡣ǰϣ˵ⲿò̫áֽ˰죬һЩס˹Ҫҽ󣿡
ط˴Ϊϲܵ佱ˣ
½һۣҺͽڸ˵أ
úúã˵ﲻط˼رͣοĿ⿴Ŷӣ᲻Ų
ʲôˣ½̫үүĸڸеĵλ߹ү½Ҵүʼŷɶǳ¡
ܹõĿ佱˵Ͻˡ
ùطβ־ϲ
ط˸˳Ҳǵ⣬յߣС˵ˣȰȰүÿҹҹ컹ûд£˶һȦ˵ǣ¸·ǵҪ˲ɡˣүûɣӣҲסôڡ㡭⻹ǵһүһģǻϲǵǣҡ
һȦͺˡ
طˡһ۾һʪʣҶҶϽˣ
ʲô֣û𣬽պò׽ڸȴͻȻ䣬ӷһ˵ʲôʲô鵽ҹ첻𴲡ţҪôǰǲѾһŲǣͨͨҰ
šʯͷǡ½ڵ½С̧ͷЦԴɿ񡣡
طæͣȴôһѹġһԼϾʹˣүүǸϲ֮ˣɫѾкüûҹԺҲǹ¹˵ϼ䲻̲Ļתߡ
򣬷һŻڵĶ½е˵½ҳ綼ɴӵҡԼ½ĿУȴһݱġ
طǸʵˣǲʵǲ֪ôȥ
ڶ֪Ͻĸ׵ģȴһᣬƲסԼ
ӶˣһôУôͻȻͷأ
ԵģӦܵ˺õӰ죬ѹ̫ү߼ôйŽԺ顣̫үҼҳûзǼԺġӰȻǰڵʿӣֻҪ˾ˣĴ϶һ츲صı仯
뵽ǻϲǱˡ
ߴڽµϸһȴǴһڣǸ˲õ
ԭطҲŵڳҲʥ飬ڰ˹ʱҲİҲܼ½ĺš
ڵĽж֮ر˶Ŀһµ˼·˾Ī
ӣƪµĿСú󡷣֮ѧԶú⣬ӹŵ֪Ҳǧǧ´˵ˣдòⲿֻЩסòãǾǰ˵Ĵʾ䣬ûд
ν⣬ǰ˹ĵĵһɣһ仰˵ĿҪ塣һ𣬺õĿͷǱΪͷ˲޿ŵ˵ͷ°롣ԣдǰûд¶
ֶΣһ㻯ֶⷨΣһѡһͬĿйصĴԻߵʣ
ڶֶΣⷨ
컯ʵⷨ
Ѿִѧдεˡ
дֶΣӹŵʵûʲôı仯ִ˱ȹǿĵطǶÿѧܽᣬӵĶ򵥻
һϯ˵ͬͱǲ㴰ֽ½۾Уҵ죬ҵ죬»ôдôʲô𣿾ͺһӣȰͼšҲڶ˼ȥطôǣֱӰͼֽѲȥˡ⡭
ܹй¾Ǻ£أ
˵ú˵úáͻȻЦѵģֻҪоˣüҹôʲôڸ磬˵⣬ĳ⣬һɵڰ˹ɣǲҲͬ
ڿ϶ص˵ͷ֮ӻϲУддҿ
ʱԵ½ˬ̧ͷдʲôдȰʯͷǸдˡ򣬺ߺߣ
ʲôֺߺʲô½ŭĿӡ
Ժߺҵģܵ𣿡½С㣺ڷʲôԼ
ߺߣСصغ
뱻Ƥһ̱ϣţҽ϶Ůħͷϡ
ԱߵĹطҲɫһݣסһ水ôŪѰ˹ķһһɳ˿ֻպ«ưдȥζͬȴκδ£òģҪϰȴ̫ѡ
黹ô»ôдڣѾǸˣطдΪ𺳣ôһѣҲ컯
طˡѽһ˵ͬѧǲŻڰƽöЩͷˡ
˭ˣڶͬЩƨ²С档½ָڣڸȻǷǳ˲ģ½ǸţۣύȻҲ˼ӡ
еѾҲС͵Ц
ڨȻ˹˵򵥣ҲѣҰַģֻҲдʲô̫ˡã֣ΪԷաӵӱҺãʱѺ˶԰˹ĵоܲܰæ
ʱһѾ߽С㣬͢¹Ѿ߹˵Ҫ
ڸղǰ԰˰죬Ե⡣͢˹Щ죬ʱûˡ
ûգûСգ½СһУ㣬˸Ҵˡ
ǣС㡣Ҫȥ
طȴ𱸵Ŀ⿴ŮɵӣֹҲˣҲҪʲô
˭һˣǾǸ⣬׸ƵСˡ½Сһ˪ûͽ½ӣˡһαҾһȭӴĳ嶯
Сӱ˵طʲô½硣ֹӣǿ̫үΪѡķҲϴСˣ޹ȥӣ֪Ҫֳʲôģ
˭ҪˣƾСŭ֪ʲô𣿡
ʲô
ֻߺߣ浱ϹӣʲôҲ֪ƾȥֺòʦ
һ𣬲ʦǲС


137 ͽӣͷϿɲ
һû˵ע⣬ʵҶ½ˬ仰Ūúǲ⡣
ϸһ½СıǱģǲм
ط˵ɻˣˬֹӺֳȥʲô˵ҪֺòʦʲôģΪЩס
ΪϵС㣬ֲڲġط仰ʵģ¾ϸ
⻹ʲô׵ģ¡½ˬƲƳ졣
½죺۵Ĳʦò½СӺֵһ֮£ͻ겻ᣬܹȥڡ
һŻԴһըˣһŭĵȼȭͷ֨졣
˵ģʦ޿д¸ˡүү˵ôҶҪġô³ˣϸү﷣ط˳һһ˼ӷ𣡡
½ˬʦǵãӷġӦٸ
طһٸֹĽʦĵѧǰȥ̣Ҫô
ʵңã±ЧɡȨ֮޵ɷ磬۵̸˵Ϊ٣Щκʱķò
ƲһƪŮһ˵ھļ¸ˣԪ˵ƵѿΪˣڵѧмΪ֮ˣܽѧо͸ȻɵɣԳһ壬ضǽϮԼҵͳ
˻һǸȨ֪½ҳ˸ˡǱŮҲֳʽнйΪ
һԶŮѴ˵˲ط˴ףֻס
½ͺ½͢Ǳ˴˿˳ۣò״ôܹڱ˵ǻĻᣬοϷŹ
Цһʲôѧ˾֮ģ·˽֪ʲôҪôʵ
ط˰һ壺ʲô񣬳˵ֿڡ
½ӲҲǰ˵ֿڰˣһҧ˵ɶУúܡŻ֪ɣ˶Ʋ֮ġ˻ˣͬʱȥղ˲ʦܲܽɵ¡˭֣һ˾͵˳ʱ򣬿ܲүүףΪС檡
⡭ط˳һųһֹųͨ˼ңҲˣҲûʲô
Ȼ˵ҹҲһ飬ɵ½˵棬͢¸ôһΪ졣
Աŭɶָ׶̽ȥˡ
ʵСһ¾Ͳȥڽһٹأ괺ҲнʿԺ϶ϳκ©
ĸɫ΢䣬½֪üƣ⻹Ǻõˣ˻ˡһһĵ֣һ֮󣬵ýӣһˡ
ȥˣһϡͽӣȻδ޵⣬ͷϿɲ̡
䵽ϵʱڲžЩá
ͬʱط˵Ҳݺݵϣϵյö졣
˹İ֮࣬Ϊ飡
طҲ˪ߵŭ͢£ƽ￴ҲǸʿӣôУҵȥү¡үǲ˵ġҡҵôôడүۿҡŮҪ͢ôһޡ
˵Ż
ѾһæңǵëˮһͨȰοòײùط˵ȶ
ҲһۣĶָѪ
ʱ½ӳҽʹյߣö˲ڸ磬ֵһн赶ɱʹΡٺ٣ֻҪүү͸˵£ҿֵǰקˣǰģ㿼һ¡ӳòɣҪҵ˸磿
һ㶣һ۽ǵһ˿ı飬ͻȻ׹һڳ͢ˮ
ӣղ˵ȫǼٻСûµġ
뵽һɣŭʲô赶ɱˣǲڸʹ˼ƣ
¹ʲôƣֻҪʹơʳָָһ˸ǻɱһɸɾ
ˣӿˣһƬæУ½СڽһԺ½ڿ꣬ϸսУɵؿŶˣһʲôأ
û½𻰣ط˾һʣˬûûεģôһ£ȴϡ
ʲô˲𣬶¡СǸŵѾߵȥ͢˸ߣٲණʹ
ԶԶԣ衣طȵʲôߣֱӴȥĶˡ
ʱ½СƲƲ죺ǸʦҲҲûʲô˲𣬾ƤҰЩͷҸЩȳЩѽһ־Ͳÿˡߣǰһ仨Ƶġдʫ̸һͱӡҲ԰ʲôѽﲻ
ʱˣͬСȣ˼·ˡ
طĿɿڴŮɲ벻ȥҵӰ
ôһ֣ͷ΢Щ
Թȥ½ӵԺм˹ĵⲿȽ꣬ԼȥС㣬ƷǷŴȥ
лЩû£͢ȥʲôأ
ӿٶȣǰûĿν꣬ڵʱѾˣһһطûȥ鷳㡣
ãȥٵһլҪŽҲס㡣ˣڸҪȥҪȥ˭½ʡ
ȥʦ
ȥڸ磬㲻Ǹղ˵ƲòĶ˰ɣһЦݣ˹ڡ
ڰڰͷǣȥˡʵ˵Ʋǰڻ﷿ʱǸ˵ŮĸҴŹȥ
˵Żͽµȥͬ½˵һ顣ȴȥԼδԼʩԮһ¡
ô˵ӻȻԣңŻԷ򣬵ʱʹȥˡ
ԭȴ½լԺһƧŵĽ䡣
ߣʹȥȥ֮ǰ׼һ
׼ʲô
١ӻش˵үү¸ûõʦκ˶߽ٲ֮ڣޡ򣬼ҷ̺˵ⲻûİãƽϲʫ١ǰһӣ˴һ٣һʱֵһ˲ʦȥ˵˼仰ǣҶ˵ҪӣΪˣܱȥ˵һ仰ǡ
ʲôڳʵ
ǣѧЩź½͢쵰ԳֲŸߣ챧ܹȥӬƵġ½ӵٲָΧǽʵ̫ԶôȥƺҲ籧ٹȥԣܹܼˡãɫע⡣ˣ֪ڸΣ
ڵĹټҲŵˮ׼ȴ϶ص˵ͷɡ
Ǿͺãߡ
˵ţűһ߿½Сһٰԣһ֡


138 Ѹԣúö
Էξʵ۾ᡣ
Ŷ˵˵Ϊʲôܲʵ۶ϣ˫ڵλãĿ´
ºүĻ󶼶׾ָʹ½ӣܱͬٳɥʦʧأɱð۾ϣնĹ
ξ͵̧ӷųɫĹâǱںڰеҰޡ
ô۾ųº飬ǵӣͣϣٲ뿪
ʵе̹⣬ΪͷӣºͻȻһ彩ֱá
ֺɣʵģȴ󣬲һͨ۵ĸ֣ҲԵЩխֻһţһһΣһ̴ͭ¯
Ҳ֪ʲôʱͭ¯̴ͻȻһСҡҷ谵յ˸
ôȵ죬һգȵøܣºֻϾͬ䶯üҪʹȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãʵ۵Ŀӳº˻
ƽϢǰ½ӳʵξǰ
ξ˻ӣΪһֳֺɽݣƽоķҲԵޱȳء
ξǰɹŰƹض룬Χʮաڸ˾ࡢ鶡硢ܱͬ𽶼ݡ浱޳չ£ʲô֪ˣֻǲͬǼƽϰˣɶȴ޵꺢ͯô˾ʲôʱͬڸһˣ
仰˵üأºҲƲס壬ͨһڵϣסͷͷϱʪһƬ
ǻƽ򶨣˳ºһۣ̾ϢºҲ˾ˣһ£ͳס
ȥʥĪӣµ¶ʲôܹүӢڻʵľʼɹŻǽܣҳñʤߡʦӷǧȴսŰܡʿ棬͢ϺڣɹŰܣ˵̸ǴݣȴҲǸʤܵľ档
ʤܣ𣿡ξЦһ˶޵ĸǰˣҲǲʤܣȽǳһأȴڳɱӣҲǲʤܣҪ̫ƽ޻ϲ浱Ϲӡ˵˵ô£ȥ޽ˡ
ǡƽ½ۣ½ָʹ˵Χǵʱ򣬱鶡ʼڸ׸ԣϸϻش˵սɹպȥֻβ漴ɡʱʣǰڳɱӣֵΡϸֻش˵ܣӡܹתءǣӪ̣ս
ƽ½ָʹӣڸ׸ԡ鶡磬ܱͬٳ𽡣
˵˸ڰϣүӹϵ͢λسϵʿūŵȲרϣʥʾ
רϣʾξϵЦһգָֻ𵱳Ǹޱģʾʲôǵӣ˽Ѿˣ˵ɣĽʲô
ƽһصүͬ򱨵Ǵݣʿ˴ֻ²סūΪһˣһηвǰ֮ȿɡǴݣɾΪ˵£ȫɹŴĻᡣ¹ϵ͢棬ϵү棬ء
棬޵ֵʲôֵùڰµİ𣿡ξݿʼŤˣǶ磬ٺ٣ñ飬ƷԱʲôʱԵˣⲻ𣿴ˣ޶϶ݲá
ƽȰγϱݣ͢ѾۡͨȫضֶϱףءȴͻȻǷƻĶȥʵ۵ӻ顣
ǰʥϣһһ֮ˣΣܵøһǡ
ɾʱ򣬹ڵϵĳº˻ᣬȻүô˵ˣū˴硣
Ƕץǿ
ã׽ˡξһ۾֮ڲ⡣𡢶ˣݡԡ
ֽĿ䵽ºϣº飬˵˵½ΪʲôҪԣǵȰްԵʱ򣬲Ǻõôһ𣿡
һ仰һ˵ڣղŻ򶨵Ļƽһסºɫ
ºβ֪µҪ֮⣬۾ܹȥˡǰүһһܶ໰֮˵ڵģõ档
ǣͻȻоһᣬһڵģ˾Ĵ̫ӱĻᡣ
ֻһҲˡ
һֱȻ˾Ĵڱ̫ڶִƶ³ǿš˾಻ǻƽһ˵£˶£ֻҪ°ˡ
ֻҪץסᣬƽͥ
ºһҧүĻ½ָʹǡ
ǣԾ޷ǣʵͻȻЦӿһ
ƽһ⻰Դ͡ˡһըˣʧȵº飬˵˵ʲôǰ˿㣣
ͻȻ׹ƽȨ
˾ӡ̫࣬һ֮֮ϣֳ̺ڻʵ۸ǰȨƶԣҪڸ׸
º仰˵ʮգмǹֱ½Ҫ
º͵̧ͷƹºǸʵˣҲСүūŵĻūʲô˵ʲô󲻳ɣƹóº˵ٻ۾𣿡
㣡ƽһ£ָųº飬Ҫ˵
񣡡ʵͻȻɭɭЦų÷ҲŪˡ
үƽ̾Ϣһȥ
ξº飬ܺã˵ﻰ
ºؿ˻ƽһۣŵүĻūΪ½ָӵԣǿϵڳһ֦׽Ϊԣ֮ǰհϵһ¡ּҲˣšš
ʲôξ˵ŴĦʥ𣿡
ºͻȻ˵ȥˣӲͣ
ƽҲһ½ͻʵ۵Ĺϵǳ⣬ʲôһ۱һװûºȴֹϵϣⲻҪûʵѹС
ñԿ

ƽվҡܵǰ˱ʡ
ξţ³׽ö硢ʻˣһȲ߹ٺ»ţţϧšǾô޵ģȵĶҪˣ
үƽͻȻ
ֱдһֲסʵվӹӵºǰȥ죡
ȳº£ƽͻȻһصļ́ͷȥξʵһǳɹ޺죬ָεץϡ
Ȼ߲Ѿ߻ħˡ
ү
ξ˵ָָֻĳ롣
ƽæӳѰһѪɫĵҩιʵ۷¡
ãξʵ۵Żָǰ԰ģĦʥ⣬ٺ٣޻û½ҪްźˡƫƫԸ޵ĿǸģԵ𣿡
үƽˣ½Ҳ˼ˡ
֮Ҳûô˼ˣҲǻȥˣΪ½ҵ񣬰޵ɵӡξЦۣȴǺ˼ɫ
ƿƽݹʪ޽ڵϣ޽ǲǰѼ½ҵ˸½ڻһϲƽ½Ǳʲô£˵˵
ƽ֪ǰȻϸǿƫνĸһȫȻСȴ鿴üأǳ׵ر½ġ
Ϊˣٲ˿ΡҲ˵Ī˵Щлүȥ
ƽЦŴдֵĸӣǿЦү½ѾڴϺü£ƽռӶȴûʲô¶ϸ˲йŽѧ飬˵ǽ߳࣬īߺڣźѧˣŻѧˡѧ˾Ӷˣ½ҵӵܾ֪Ҫѧã֪
ξһЦ½һӿΪ½ҵĶϹᣬٵˣҲҪȥԣ·
ƽȰүԣҲǱµĶӡ½̺һӣĶȻҲҪ̺Ķġ
ξ㾡˵ѧôˣ
Ҳûʲôѧ˼˲š½δŮ͢£иڵģһдüãĴʱͱ˳Ϊһӡڼ½ʱ򣬷½ĵÿնдһдֽֽȥ⣬˼ų
ֽȥʲôҪĶξɫ䣬ȴ˾衣
ǣдһʲô£ūſ˿ͦȤģĥ
ŶξЩ⣺ǹŹ֡
ƽʱͲûʵΪ·ģʵ۵ΪɵͿˡղżŭģ߻ħ
˴СڹУǻʵһεġԼξνĹȻϿΪġ
ɤӣ½ˬյĹһһ˵ڣǸţƽ￿дЩӴʲôĻ¹֪½СϲŶд飬ͶãЩӹ¡¡
ŷ֣ξʵѾȫԽµȥˡ
ƽξ̧ͷµ֣û˵̣ûʲôǵ棬һŮŮͷĻȫȻͬƽ
ūڡ
ݸȥԣ˵úö
ƽΪ⣺ү鶼ЩŮŮ¶лɡԣɶǺԺĵ¾ӣӹȥװɣ


139 ҵĽ
ԣ
ʵԴӾǿ뾩ͷ֮ȫµ˶֪Ѿʵϵ̫Ӹˡ
ԣ޹ңһţɫһֶƲסϲɫϴһۣͷϵƤʹһͷ澹Ȼһκˮ£ȻڵƹоӨһ
ǴʵϵĴδ¡ʵԣ؈
үеоǰһʮҵƷԱֶһ裬ڰգˮƽøƵġ
ԣղ̷ڡ
ͬΪֳͬһ̷Ƥڣ˸ŹͭɫĹâһ˫۾Ϭõһ㣬Ų豭ָҲ׳
ڽľйأڳ̨֪㽭ʹϣʴͬ˴һ̣Ǹ͸ǿ֮ˡ
ɵȵؾԣղ£ִС֮ȴǷâ¶µʣʥ˾䣬СĵΪԣﻮޡ
ʵ̷Ҳ֪Լܹʵȴǻʵ۵˼Ϊүλӡ񣬳̷ڳס֮⣬ڸ󳼸߹ԺžҲͬһʱӵΪԣ̶̽
ʵѸߣǧ֮⣬߹ž̷ھδڸġУ˸߹š˼̷ڶǼξʮĽʿʮ꣬ʮʿƵͬǼϴ̨
˵ûȸԾǼٻ
ڽôּ꣬Ѫ֮ʥ֮ԣ̷ȴѾĥȵӣƽͬ豭ĵˮһˡ
ԣȴҲ̲סЦ벻½ӵϡˣɽ⵹ϵ˵Ǹô̷ڡ̷Ŷ
ԣֱӺĺţʾ̷Ŀеĵλ
ԣУԸ߹ηžǾǴ¼ϵ̷֮ͬ䣬ȴһ׽ϾϦദôʱ䣬˴֮䶼˸顣
ԣһЦҲƲסЦǿźϻϵ֪˶ˡ
̷ڿһүȴ̾Ϣһүʮίʵ̫࣬ǶȻʹأӶȴΪǾԡ
ôүѾʵϵĴˣһֱûʽ̫λ
Բ˳ȥĴ֮λܵ˾սڳе˾Ƿűƾ뿪˱
ʽһպùһա
Ÿ߹žһ²ż汸ĳ͢ԱʵһϵԣĵλѾɶҡ
˻ϲǣˡ
ξʵһ޵òʢԣһˣҲûкᡣҲ
Ҫ֪һҿɶǳ
ûжӣ費̣йԣһϵҪɡ
̥ᣬҲ̷ڴһټϾľͷָôһ飬Ͳò̷һĪͷ
ʲôүʣ̷һشүⲢһõĻᡣҪΪֻʵ䷴
⻯ͬһˮԣͷϣһΪΣ
үĿⲻֻھһ磬ΪߣĻ¡̷ڽеĲ豭ȵطڼϣûзһ۾Ͽ
ԣһ̲סһ˵֣ܣ
ܣֱֱܶ㽭ǳ͢սͳ˧⼸£֮սľƱŤתѾռ˾ԵϷ磬⣬սӦһ֮ڽ
뵱ܾڵתսǧҡ㽭սһƬãѾ˴©޲ߵĵز
ɾһ֣ͽҾֳȶʾ߳ľܣʵǵɫܳԱ
ֻϧȴڸ׸Եĵ
ҲΪھϵĳɫּڵģԵĵλŵ
˵ϵһ
ԡ̷һοүȻд֣񣬽㸣սѾؼʱ̡Ҫϣȵǣһȥսֻֽʰңǰߵϵһְѳ֡ʱԣǣʵ̫һʵԼϲάһԥĳ棬ֻ²붯ԣڽսûгƽϢ֮ǰүܹ뵽һ㣬̷ο
ɺ޲ܰ嵹ԡԣ̾Ϣһһķ־λûһʹޡ
Ƭ̣̲ס˵Ȼܴ˹ؼɷȡһ£⼸գҲ̫¡ž˵¿С
ܱϾǽʿѧͽΪ˸Ȼʦؾʦǰͷġ˵Ϊһ£ûдȰ䡣ɼлг͢ģΪһ֮˽ùҴڲˡ
Ҳ㽭˵ˣͬǺҲ졣ȥһϾԸĻֻͥʵ£ս£ؾͿˡ
˾Ҳ»пΪ̷۾һȥ˺ܣԺգ²ɣֻҪһƽϢս£Ծͻһյ̷̨Ը
ʱС̫ⱨү̷ˣһջƵĿã˵Ǳġ
⻰ԣ̷ɫ䣬˶֪νջƵĿˣʵ˾ӡ̫ƽ
һ˴˶һ̫࣬ʵŵĸҹˣ϶ӵĿô͸ŲͬѰ
ţӭӡԣæһ̷ֿһۡ
̷΢΢ص˵ͷ
һ¹ڣͬʱߵſڣȴڼȵĴվһӵˣһ£ۣһ˿¿ζ
С϶ݼүƽҪݡ
ûȥԣһ𣬿˵үôÿյС롣
ˣС϶εºܣεүһ֡ƽЦһһԣУүⱾһڵʿү˵ˣдòҹúö˵Щÿ࣬Ҳ档ƽҲɿЩǲ
ڣ˭ԣһ㶡
½ѧһѧƽŽڵ˵һ֮Ҳͣתʧںҹ֮С
һ֮£֮ϵҹˣΪһ飿
ֻûô򵥡
Ȼƽ֮ԣ̷ڽǼҳӷ˼顣
һԣǺεĶǵһһĴӣʲôʱ򿴹˲Ŀ鼮ʱüͷҪ졣
У̷ͻȻһֻүǰպ̫Ҫȥ˵һѾ©˷Ͼȥˡ
ʲôԣɫ䡣
̷ȴһľϲүĴ֮λȻ̩ɽڰİ
ʲô˻ν⣿ԣë¿ⱾҲһͨĻûκγ֮
ȻϿˣⱾдòһճһЩӬӪЩĩС£үûУҪôһ壬һסνҡιƽ¡ҹңмңйһһղǹҵĻ˽һ˥Ҳ˽񡣡̷ȻǽʿȴǴˣһ˵ظƽռҲϲдЩӾ籾飬ԷĻȴûκγɼ
ү֮㿴Ȿ飬ζΪ
ԶԶԣȷˡԣ𣬼ϲҪгˡ
̷ڵĻû˵꣬Ҳ˵ʵ۵˼ˣԺĸɫ˵Ⱦ㽫Ҫͳεİգ˽ǣ˽硣ϵͳиģ֪ôܹҪһ㹻ʩչĿռ䡣Ͼͱȥˣʲôңʵ飬úѧϰˣһϸľ

ԣ֣ƽ˼ֹսǡ
һεĸС̫æǰסһɵ
ԣԻƽ˵Ҳᳵ·ˣԴӶ֮󣬼ξʵ۾ûͬԣһ档ɻƽȴ֪ʵ۶ӻǺܹģƽռҲԼǰȥ仰Щѵ뼸䡭
عȥɡƽϣ˫ȣһǰԷվһ磬ȵͷǣղųһȴЩ䡣
Ȼˣ֧Ų˼ꡣƽ̾ϢǰڻʵΡ

µ֣û˵̣ûʲôǵ棬һŮŮͷĻȫȻͬƽ
ūڡ
ݸȥԣ˵úö
ƽΪ⣺ү鶼ЩŮŮ¶лɡԣɶǺԺĵ¾ӣӹȥװɣ
ȻԣСڸ֮֡ҲرִӲһֻӺ;²ҲֲɣȲ֣˻ʵۣ£޵Ǵ֮ǰںҲͨ񣬲ҲˣתڳǵĿУʵ۵ģӦǸ裿
ʵ¶̵ᷳ뵱޶ǣԣ𣬷𣿡
ⱾдúãþͺӬӪëƤһࡣҲ֪Ҵİƽռ䶼ôӵġ
ǰҲӡƵĻģȻҲдЩ¶Щ鲻ܿöˣҪ˿ɵϡʲô֪𸰿״ԪȻ󱧵˹顣ʿǵˡ
Ӽˣֻҵ߹ǧڡлƽݣҲСᶡǵĸ󣬻ҸġһţһΪε̬רԣ͢ȡ
ߣӵҲ
ƽǵһʵ˵ȼ̵Ļз£ԣ飬ȥֻ²ãϾȴдҵĹ¶֪˵ūŷһۣͦÿģ֮ס˳ĥ˶־
ξһЦӵܶʲô飬˷ϻңӼС˵СӰͲˣ꣬һͲˣŮŮһμѻĿҳǻãʲô
ӵĻǵ
ξмһЦۣԣ֮μңγԺιӵġе⣬Ҳ
ξʵһϯ϶ĿࡣһС˵ѣȻξʵ۵ɽһ˽Ľ̲ġ
֮Ա˳֮Ϊ϶мֵĵط
ִᣬ¥ΡⱾҲΪ˽峯̬һ̲ġ
屾Ϊһ壬ⱾĳʱͼξʮȻٶ꣬ʽ˼ûκ
ŴĵǴСڻʹһ֪ңĹǳֵȨȨʮּҡξǿľҲûٳĹٵĿ
ξģһԣλҲ֪ܽɫ
ˣⱾԻʯͷǡС˵Ҳһ£ٲԻʹһ֪
ԣߵ߹žһˣϣξǻǷǳġ
Ȩϣʲôãѻ塣


140 ߸
ͬһҹ½
½֮
ǣѧЩź½͢쵰ԳֲŸߣ챧ܹȥӬƵġ½ӵٲָΧǽʵ̫ԶôȥƺҲ籧ٹȥԣܹܼˡãɫע⡣ˣ֪ڸΣ
ڵĹټҲŵˮ׼ȴ϶ص˵ͷɡ
Ǿͺãߡ
˵ţűһ߿½Сһٰԣһ֡
û뵽½ˬȻ˽ͬʱһ
½ɫˡ
Сʵڵܻ꣬벻ʱ֣ңһֶк顣
һ֣û⣬ÿ춼һ¸ӡ½ӺһԼǣٹ٣ӦҵȴҲҪһڡ
ʱԼͲһ
һ֣ʲôЦֲڵϴ֣һ¼ַ̣Ӱ֡Ҫһһֵдѽ
ֵıʻǳĸӣһһ֣ǰдɡ
ɣ˸¡СѾͷɫѿǽҵȥʲô浱Ҳ֪ȥǸƲʲôѽҪǶٶдһ¹
½ˬԽԽǡ
½ҪУڳݹȥһɫʾ⣬ǱһٶҳҲһʱʲô
½ź޺޵ر͡
ƽؿ½С㣬ֵС㣬СǸдû𣬿ɷθڣ
ʻãһʣ½С˫ĿŹ⣺ãǸѦΣѦ㣬ֹ󷽵壬Ϊֿͣдҷ緶ϲˡǸҲϸ֪ˡԺôûأԺҲôƯӶö˼
½С֮Уһĳ
½ôûˣϸ롣
ţȥ½Щ˧ֻ½ʵڰֶ࣬Ÿ񴿾ͨ͸ˮһ˶˿ˣ޲
ʲô½룬롣żˣסָԼ
ȥô㡣
ӱܴýԴȥ
½СһͬĿˣдǸãʵ̫Сþżһ°ɣֲ˵ҪŪôƵĶñȥ¡˲ˣӦõġ²УûˣҪʹСӡƫƫŮϲģߣҲ֪˾Щʲô
޹ؾ˾֡
΢һ̣С㣬С˵ϲˣ˵ǧеġ鶼챻ˣѾ˿޿ɿĵز
˭˵أǿ޿ɿҲˡ½С̾Ϣһ鷻Ȼ࣬һҲ˼ò׵ȵ鸶ӡ˰ɣҲͱҳʱͶˣһ⡣ʵƵˣҲǰ鷭ضһ顣˵Ҳ֣Щ鵱ʱ򣬾úʣдãĶȲϡɵڶοʱȴζͬôҲȥ
ŶС˵ȥ˵𻰱С˵Ҳ١ùĿ⿴½С㡣
˵С˵κһִйˣֻҪʶ֣
ѧʱ򣬵ʦʼС˵ҲͼݽʱС˵ͨһ顣Ĵի־졷ӲҰ١ҲǸˡ
½СŮ࣬ĶҲʶ٣֪ʲôӶԸֶ˳ǵĻͷϲ̸ȥ
ֻҪСøˣܹдЩӣŰŹҲƭˡ
ԭҲϲС˵½Сһϲ
ֶʵڵǲô֮ã˶ˡľӢʿӣ޾ȥˣҲû顣
ʵϣνĺУȴǴ治ģڼҷɭϵУⶫ࿴һҲ۾
ֻ½ұͲʲôŵڣûôི
ң½½ˬһϵͲ½үĻġ½ү½һѵԺӼΣԶŮĽҲġ½оλϮ½ˬʱ
½ˬĸǸĳŮˣ簮ӣŮҪʲô飬Ҳʡ
½С㿴ùˣȻͬ
ݰͬ˽ɣеѧǸͲ顣ͬ۰ɣǲס
ͬãСʱоԼͺããɳĮпһƬޣ˾
΢΢ףСС㣬ҲдġȻд϶ͬĹ飬˲ȡ̡Сðһ䣬дĹͬĻʲô𣿡
ǳ󡣡½СȻǶԡʯͷǡĿǰ½ڷǳϤ˽Ҳĥܳʱ䣬ɫɣºͨûֲöƽøˮһһ㶼θڡһ۸о̫ãдʵ̫棬ʵþͺ˺¶һ
ȫС˵ۣû벻ġ
һ˵һС˵Ҷһ꣬ȻӵһߣԺҲȥⱾɣҿ£л˼Ƭ棬һȻͲͷˣдòãʵûʲôץ˵ڡ
ʱһΪԺٲⱾζС˵ԺһȦȴ񡢱ΣЩ˶ˣڴԺһ޿ЦЦ̲סȥôַЩʲôȤ¶
½СԽ˵Խ˵Ļʲôֻһдǹ£дˡдٺãûܹ˼סܹģ޷ŷġֻҪ˻ˣйȥ
дһСѾͷѧղϯǴѧдγϵ
ѧѧ½ˬĹȹ˳ǰ˺üꡣ
ȻǿˣҲʵشִѧɵż
λͼҪ˵ģ˿»
ڵͷС˵Ȿصдˣǹ¡һ׻׻ѡ˭ûôҲۡȴѻˣϾ춼ܼţ΢ԣܱ׿дҲˣŹֵĹױ࣬ҪдһȴҪ湤ΪҪдһ֮ѣעд졣ҵٶȣÿҲдǧңٶ࣬дˡ
ǧ֣ʲô½СŭȣΣ뻢ıƤ룬һ֣˵ϻҡ
Լ֪û취вڣСֻضŶ´
ϰ½ؽһǧ
ǧ
ǧ
ǧ
ڿЦ˵ּۻ̲סʣӣС㣬ٵô


141 
ûû̸֮ǰԡ½Сתͷ˵
һ֣½ˬ½СǸӣͲܸ档
һЦǧֳɽ
ǰǧ֣½ˬϲʵлУɲһۿɾɨף˿ͷ֪βģҲζҪϸϸƷλһǰ̲裬ϺǹѵɻζȴƳǧ֣㹻Ʒζһˡˣһдʲôǰ͸¶һ¡
½ˬտһԺһڣɦ̲סѯʡ
ڵƽϵĴС˵ͬûһߣҲԵЩɢ
ڲ̫ò¡
ڻشһµĿǡ͹ϷӡСѾøˣͲд
ʵһҪĿ㣬һǼֱӣǽԺҵңСӵСӡ
Ϊһִˣһڷǳð½ˬŮӣֻ¸ȤǱ֮䲻ò˵Ĺ¡
֮䣬˵ЩBLɡȻڵڿ¥ΡʱҲߣŮ֮˼άʽ̫һ
ڽһڣȴ˵ˡ¥ΡƪмҪ֮Ĺϵ͸һ㲻Ĵѡ
ңȻⱾֹֻһΣȴ쳣ͻҲ³ѸǾ䣺ǲᰮõġ
Ҳн׼ֵ֮ģ׼ͬҲһ
ô˵СϲʤǾͿдѽȥʲôƲû˼
°ͣԥǲǸһ¹¡
Ĺ£дúܺÿʲôģ½Соһ˿
ڣѹôģ㿴ɲɡñһҹ㣬Ȼһ飬Ľ˴˺԰飬Լ˽
ֳһǡúͱô죿½ˬһԱߵ½Ҳ
ͲдˣúѦǸװɣ˼ףҲлĻ˳ˡ
ʲôףöͬʱ
ڼװһģ˵Ȼ󣬱͵͵ܳȥС˽Ȼ󣬶˽·ϣ·ɽСҲˡˣӳ֮գ̿飬״ԪƷ֪ءַɽȳС㡣֣СѾУ
ҸĹ£Ҫɱ㣡½ˬû£׽ŪңͶ߶Ÿǰɣ
̧֣ڸ첲šȥ룬ȴòʣͺݺ䵽ϡ
۵ᶼųˣ££
ڹЦһС˵ôд·ĺܣ˵һǧ֣һԣɡʯͷǡⱾ鱾ֻܾϸе͹¶Ҫϸáһζ飬ֻܴӱ˵ﳭһЩ£һ˲ſôС㣬뿴𣿡
½ˬɷףݺݵؿһۣЭǧ֣һҲ١֪ڣԼһдһĪ˵ù£ǰӷˡ
ôһ¡
Сŭسȥ
½׹سĴָ
Ҳҵ飬æ׷ȥ

ǰֹһεټʱΣΪԼǳ
ɴ˿̵ȴĵƽ
ҹҹɫûǶ鰤һ𣬿ҲֻҪһ־ܴ
ҹ΢ƮƮĵһƬ͡
ַΧУ˵ĽŲƺֻҪһЩҪƬҹɫˡ
һΪ½½ˬҲֹͣ˳֣ظں档
½С㻹Ǹ˹˵Ҫ֣һвסˣڳլʱⶣţ˵ҪԺ棬ƻЩö棬ȴչá
ۺƧλլĽ䣬ֻͬһǽ֮
һķ羰ͬ½طȴȻ졣
Ź·һǰͻȻӭһƬˮŵӣ΢УеϮдż
ˮԱСҲߣֻңͤһͤдһͭӡ
СһƬ֣ԼһƬСֻۣļӣ䡣
ӦСҵ۰ɡ
·Ѿ½˵С㣬һСãͽܡ⣬һŵӡ
ĵۣһ嵣㻹ˡ
ʱͻȻмȻ΢ȴúԶ
̧ͷȥȴը˷ΣĵϥڹǰĿյϣǰһذһ١
⼸ѧʿӣ½͢ºȻС


142 Ϊ
ٵ͢£ֻǴ΢Ц˫ḧɣл˫ȽһɴȻô˵
½Ŀϥڵϣ˯˯ǸĮ߰顣
͢µǹУġɽˮСɽһΡ
Щ˵ʱ֤ʦᲮҰⵯӵʱǰԷھȻܹеζΡΡɽˮĸ̾ɺѡ
ȥ֮󣬲ˤң࣬ʾ֪٣Ҷ˭
ʵ˵͢òһͻأͬһվӭƺܹоӹ߸ϵĴ硣
ִһѧϰ࣬ݵʦǹĹʥˣ˵÷ɵĴˡڹЩ֣ϧʵ̫٣Ѿѵѧϰ䡣еģ۹Ҳߡ
Ȼóӵһ˵ٴѶٻѵʽ˵ࡶɽ˾úԼ⣬һˮ
Ȼ͢±ľ˼嵣Ѱһ֪
һ뵽оһŭӿ
ʱ͢µһɽڽ༸ʿӶޣһΡΡ־ڸɽֹӽɽ֮ΰѾﵽɼػ㣬
˸Եһκμޣ벻òӵķۣȴǺ޶˸ǲӣҪ˵һգ֮ͬһμѻˡ
͢Щ⣬װŻ벻ӣ͢Ѿ꣬ʼհղסе⾳ҹȴ֪ôģУ֣ȴҪࡣչ黹вֻ֮δ˲ӵ⡣
ȥٴ˹ȥ
Ųͬʱתͷȴں½½ˬ˹һľȡ
һɽˮֹ֪ӵһֺٰû˵½СЦ֣һ
ŮҲаýԼδڱĹﴰ´СҹʾŮӣʹ׾󷢣һ֪ѿʲôӡ
ȴǺ˷ܵӣֱҾֿ֪Ÿ˹Ȼôˣûһˡ
˵ŻЦܵ͢ߣòʱ̽ң
͢±½С׽סһߵͨ죬εþҪطȥˣС㣬ңңҡ
ˣԸⲻԸⰡˣ㵯ôãôûлأǸƲúܰҺܲϲ
ûء͢Ѿ˰죬ȴûһ˿һķӦͷкˮ׷£ֲǣֲǡ
˼Ʋӣϧˣϧˡо˰ɣ
ôһ͢±׽Ū޵ݣеŭȴͻȻƽϢЩ׹½ˬһǸûûεģ͵Ȼˣֽ͢ҲǱ޻֮
ȷǿҵӡ͢Щѵõ¶һ˿ЦȻŭĿ⿴ں½ʲôҲ뵯һ𣿡
ڻ᲻ᵯ٣½ӱǲݰһ
½ͲˣôŮ
ɷ羰
˹ɨء
˷ŵĳϣȻôֱ֮ˣ
ʿͬʱͷ
ǣǡñףҪǰסˡ
ʱˣһᲦҡ
һʮ㣬ȴƳ࣬ͬһ̾Ϣ˵ѹȥ
ƽͣлһ˿İˣ˲ϵšֱȴԽԽãðˡ˲ҵӹ֣͡ϡ
ƫƫʹ֮Ϊ£޲Ҫڵᶼһ⾳Ѿ³ˡ
ͬʱȥȴѾϥڵϣٷڴϣԹԵص
ǡʮġǺ˲ļһʮ£ÿһġСսңūٳ֣İʹ
ǰִʱÿնᵯһɴԽִĴԽԽ٣ȱϰַδ衣
յɣָһȻ˵
꣡Աߵ½Сˡ
ҲͬʱЦգСҲˡ
ռɵҲ˵ˣݳ˻ߵʹѾزţ˶䡣
Ǻǣ֣ӵûð͢ºһЦղ½СһҵöӣΪ⽫½ˬԼѿȻֺޡ
ᣬȻҪڿһ
ǣЩ˵ûУִ𣿡½Ӵŭȭͷ
ȴ⣬˵Ҳգ˵ҲãⶼҪҪҪߵ嵣ˡ
֮ѡʮӣҪΪСͲļмơ
ģȻĺ塣
γЦģһ񵭣·˶ڣһƪ˺ѷεʹڸ˸ˡ
򾲣˶һͬʱ
½ɱ۾һ
ܿ죬ھ͵ʮġѾˣɽԲҲģһ
һĪʹ֮˵Ҳסһһ
ӣЩİʵ̫ˣúö½СҲͻȻѹ̲סСֹ
ǣôãﻹûκ춯
ѵСþ
ǰ϶֪Ѿ½ѧҲ֪Ҿߡ
ģž
вЩ꣬΢ңϵĶҲһ
òãЩ꣬ңҲõȥˡ½С̲סס䡣
͢ҲЦѾȥ𣿱˵ӣҲȥˣȥɡ
ԣҪٵˡһ죺ôѽô˳˾ģ˽ţȴоκκôڣ̻ʮӣҲֻŪó򶯲ӣǳ˵Ρ
ҲڲЦ
ɾʱ򣬵ͻȻ˹ٵྻøˮһĵ
˵Ķ˳ӽ͸һ̣
һȴʶãǡ䡷ϱʱʦӡ䡷дǹɲׯµķҲǡЦС˵˵ġ䡷
ҵ˽ڣֻССһӣ궯ƽ
ͻȻ׹ԼղһȡʮġȻз꣬еı֮ȴûСĵط
Լƽ
ѡȷġ


143 Ц
⻹ڵһ嵵٣ǰ֪Сļɸߵȳ̶ȡ
ֻһƽֵͣ磬һδ΢΢ӿֵȻƽһ˿
ղŻ궯Ҳƽˣչˣһ⡣
ƾĶۣӵɷǳͨȥȥһСΡɾֲͣļظУȴһ˲ħ
ƣ󳪡

ǲӵ
ǺεȻΪࣿ
һ͵͵ɧ˶ò˼Ŀ⿴ڡ
½Ҳ͵۾һ˼ģ
ٿڣȴһĵȻëزңСӰ£Ȼ
ͣ۾½Цһҵǲ汻ڵĺʮĸˣԭʤţ̲סѹơ֣ļƺֶΰ̾ҵÿҹٶŪ£ֻңȴȲֵĵ޻֪ˣʹһˡ
˶غЦˣУ½ˬûûεļһЦøȥ
ֻ½Щĵؿڣ̾ϢڵҲŵˮ׼ͬ½͢ǱԶսð١ӣڸֻҪˡҳʲô⣬ʲôٰ
뵽½ǰɥջͷһѣʾԼ뿪
̧ͷ½ЦЦЦƵᡣ
ǰں½ӽһͶģȴǻ˸һϴһŨص֮š
ӵִ
ʱͻȻʧǷŪͣԸ˷ˡ
ֻһ˿ҷϳϳ
ڱϿ񵭣СϢȴ΢΢Щżǲ֪ԼѾˣУѶϢݹȥ
ôʲôأ
ˣɡ
䴫ͷչĹиݼĲͬγ಻ͬɡ
ɡɡɡɽɣԶص㡣
ڵʦ÷ɵĴˡ
÷峯ʱֵģص裬࣬⮷Ƚϴ󣬶ԼҪܸߣ൱ѡ
ִٽѧݷḻѶ֮ͣҲȡ̣Ż֮ˣŸȻصĵطɷѾ𲽹ͳһνң㡣
ڹŴŻ֮ȴǳҡÿֶ²УʱҲǳأһòˣʦүˣǵĸ˷˵ɷʮǿңǿҵԭ̬ĵز
ɵķ֮Բ̶ܴͬΪ֮һˮһˣϱԸֵͬҲм졣
ʵʷصƳ𣬹Եĵٷ¼ƳټҮӣйʿ֮硣꼱˱ףһʱ֮
ֻҪ΢գκһһܻ϶϶ϡ
ղ䡷ǷɵĴĿһ׷֣Լȴ̺Щվվ
ԣ÷ɵķڵһ⣺ֻҪһС֪ĴģĪϵ
νɣ峯ʱաɷɵǰɣϮǺ˾׿Խľ²꣬˾ǿһˡ˴Ů׿ľķġ
СǵĴˡ
˵ɺͷɱүүӵĹϵҶһˣҲû
뵱ʦѧٵʱҲӴɵ༼ɺĿɵӵҲһףǡɾǸղġ䡷һĿ
ǡЦ̨ͬͰ
ȴˣΪʹõǡ䡷ɣʹŷ־ţƺΰĶط
˵ѧϰѧԱ˼Ϊ˿Сѧ⣬ˣȥѧϰΪұ٣Ʊʡ
ʵ˵ٵɶִ˵ǳģΪԴסѧʦԸı˲иڼѧǵѧϰ飬ʲô졷ũʡùһζֵֹġ
ֻЦǳʺϹ٣ңǳ
ڱһԣѧҲرϾԼڵӵʱиŮζúܡ
벻ȴϡ
⣬ЦĴָþȫһַɿҡ
һĺӴ


144 һ
òָȺܴ󣬵һԣЩģǻ
½͢¶ͷһ䣬½ãһ֮ˣ͢ȴ̲סЦ
ڣ컹ǻȥҪˣӲǡ䡷
ղŲһȡѼȴҪŪⲻЦ
ѵ˵òóĿע⣿
η·һѧдֵ꺢ͯƫƫҪ֮鷨⡣
͢һЦҲЦ
½̾һȻؽͷ¡Ѿǲڽϵڼγˡѧ˶֪ںõͬһӣڶˣҲ½ˡǰȭͷͬɿڸôһųӵûˡ
½Сȴûи壬ʵ˵СȻǸ֪صĺӡȴҲ֪ôټͶƣжҲкøС
˶ˣȴΪͬ顣
̲סֳ˳°ڣСڣˡ
ȴûзӦڵѾ
ˣˡɣһöѣûҲûʲôˡС˰ͷ㲻գʹ͢ǱȣͲƽˡ
ʱͻȻתͷ΢Цſ½ˬһۣлС⣬ŲţֻƬ̣ɾͻᱻڵ򶯡
ôܣСһڲȰ棬ȴЩˡ
ҲͬʱЦ
СǸӣڲںݺݵشӵ
ɾʱڵȴһ䣬һŹֵӵĳˮͻȻ¡
һƬǵصĴˣסһݣȴһɡ
ûеһˣһ
ʮǮ󳱣çԣһ߶ֹ޷
ûǡЦ
˵ĹŹ֣ͬʱֲͬվȴ㣬֮ḻȴǹġ
Ȼ޷ַˣ½ӣ˭еĴ󷽼ңҲٶͼ˷ġ
Уһ޿ƥеƣһľɣڻḻʵһǽɽڣϦĸп
ŨҵٻӢ
ֻ˲䣬е˶֡
ͰġЦڡ䡷ɻٴ
ֱֵָģһֻŴ󾵣еİһͨ޷Ŵ󣬷ŴƲסĵز
ֲƷĻѾϱΪӵѧ˼Щ߰Ķԭ
½Сֶ˿УһеŮεֵסĳ
ʣ岻ܿƵĲţݿ֨졣
ٿҲ׹쵽޷סˣľһ㡣
ûбȷΰķʺˡ
һˡ
ڲûͣ˫֣һ䣬ǻմͬ
׺һЦ˼ǽ񳯡ڵɤЩɳƣɶΪˣѾʮУڳ˶Ǻӡ
ҲֻҪڲ̵ӵ⡣
Ц׷ϳ
˭˭ʤ֪
ɽЦң
Ծ쳾֪٣
ЦǼȡ
黹ʣһա

Ѿǽˣǳˮƽ֮ĺһҶ۷Х
һ¸µģãԾ֮봵£Ǳֻʣľ両ȥ
Ц
½ˬڲסȴ¡УǰɫȴΪκ֮ͣУٳХ
οϲȴôңɼ
һص磬޷룬ֻ硣
֪ʲôʱҹɫͻ췱ٿֻһ²֪ʲôʱҹͷİյаɴ
ûãٷֲ

ڽˣδ
ٷ£һǣ󲽳ȥٸХ˲֪ա
ѾԿ϶Ѿ֪ͨĴĪϵҲԼ
ΪСݵĹϵҲվڹ󺰣ȴͨͨˡ
˭ʤ˭ֻ֪Ҫ˴ƽֻҪҧܻвƿ졣
ʱ򣬵۵ͻȻˣ嵴һСúһ긾˳
΢΢һ


145 ˤ
ˣˣ
еͬʱŴͣҺ𾪡
һֱƲǵĿŮĻ½УСݷǳ֣һ֣ҲѰ½ҪԴк˵Ȳȥ߶šңո߳ʫǾʾ䡣
ټûò͸Ľˡ
Ŵһ仰ţŮ޲űǵ¡
Ҳ˵Ů˶֮۽翪ˣб˼ԹŴȨһս
ΪˣܶŮӶǴֲʶһûĻ̸ֹȻԵȤʿȻҲûκιͬԡ
ڴУͨŮֻŮڽӴĹߡ鲻һΣĸ֮ý֮쥣Ͱ޹ϵ
ˣŴ˵νİ¥ŮϣҲ˲ټѻ
ȻŮӻҪģϧʵ̫٣һҲӴ
ʵϣ˵İ޹أܶʱֻһŮ֮ķżᣬʫʳ͡һ·ϴĸѼĸѼʵ̫Ҳ϶˵ݡ
ΪŮһϡȱԴôһȻ֮ȥˡ˵ܹСһ棬ܹķģܹºһҲһĪĴ¡
û뵽һȻһĲԳӭӣ⡭ôܡȻ˵ڵʵںȻ˵ղԾ侫쳣ôôζأ
ܶ⻹ǵһμƲ̲סȥ
ȴһӡ
¹УŰɢһͬ֬һĹԣټϵˮۣ߸ķͬһ޳ŵĲӣʥϢ޷
˶סˣ޿ƥе֮С
ˣˣôЩӣ˵㡣嵶ˣˡڼ㡣΢΢˼Щ㱣һס̾ϢĴǣһ·ɽˮһ·ǧ࣬ڸϵˣûгٵֻžȴû취˵˼룬ģžۣȴΡ
ڼӡ
⹫һң糱дؽ֮˲ܸ֮һ˲֪աйŴ֮磬ʸн̲࣬סۼ棬һ֮£ˡ
ɫһƽȴζӿ
ôʱˣѾǰȴǧ׷˲ɽˮҲ˲׷׹Ӱңôˡ
Ѿ֪Ѿ˾ǣ½ʲôطȴκ˶ܽġ
ƫƫôˡ
һХһ˭ʤ˭֪ԵظҪȥ
ʿ갡ʿ꣬㻹ǲ嵵ģ嵾ûҪӱܡû֮ǰô͸뿪硣
ʿ꣬лҪ˵
Ѿˣһúûȥҵ㡣

ͬʿǵͬ½½ˬȴһ֡
Ư½ˬѾױСòˣܣܣҲһŮӣôܱŮӵòסϵŮǧǧ򣬿ΪʲôͲܳô׾ǣ
Ҳѧ
½ӺŮ˵УҲһ࣬عЦ͢½ˣЦЦɣǻôЦڸ硣һװһ߲ģղѾڲ԰ðɣɽأ˼𣿻ۼҽڸҲͰͶسӭӡǻСӺʹ죬ʹҪˣ
Цǳزг˶תͷŭĿӡ
ôٺͽڸһΣƲʤţۺݺݵصɻȥ
ڱŪÿЦãֻҪ嵵Ļĸдһݹȥ
ʱ½ǿһǰֱӲںСǰһʩ񣺡ӴһȻӣס̫䳤ӣ½½ӡ
дŭⲻǲ
MLGBģڴѧʳõʱӾ;ϼаԵŮͬѧ壬ԽҲһ֡һ˵½ҵĳ𣬺ýҵ嵶߿һ
ʲô
ңҺСм䣬һôš
Ŷԭ½ӣҲ˵֣˵½ҵһӣδ꿡塣ʫ£Ǽõġ
С㲻Ϊ֪΢üӦһ䡣
òϣ¹£½һ°ۣټÿͬŮӣǹˡͬһȣҲһͨˡ
ϧ½ûСеĲ죬ڲӵ֮С
΢΢⿴һۣҲЩ⣬ڵչŹ֣ղҲǼãɸȴȲ½ңݲһţȵ½Ҵү
ˣȻмֲֹţȴôȵѹӣ
Ե֮ʱȴһӣߵСõҸղи͸٣ͷһͳ֮ᡣȴ·Ѿȥɣ
ǣɹá
˵仰ؿһۣڹӣղһɵζѵо衣ֻϧϻЩ֮ϧˡ
βС㻰֮⣬̡
һӣתȥĵѾû£ڹѧ٣Ժʱɽһͬд轻Żߡ
һƬȻһƬĽʺ޵Ŀ⡣
ڴϲѡ
ǰ½һǵͨ죬岻סߣΪ˶ø߿һۣȫ綼ΧתңΪݹϵҲǱ̬ǿ
ȴƲǰ˱Ÿ
⻹һܵ˴Ŀһۣһ꣬ʱ˵
ȵƲۣ͢߹Сӣ߰ɣҿƲҲ۷̥ʶ㣬мӡŵҿҲˣ͢´ʧ
½ɥҡҡͷһȴ
͢»ҪȰ½ȴתŭȣסڣڱ˵ӣ͢£Ҷʧ
һ֣ʿҲû£½ֶ˵ȥҲɢˡ
ǺϷ̨͢º½ȻҧһֵӸ˵ֽУ»ȥҵðһĻ˵˵Ҳ˼Ҹ˸ˡ
ǸССɫȴѿǻǴŮˣ
ѽǺƯڻش
ǰһѣҲ֪˽Ĩ֬ۡе֣ÿ½Сǳ˶ǶǸղǸŮʱĳ̬ˡڣ˵СûƯ
ɽĿ䵽еۣС㣬Ҫø
㡭뻹꾫۵ڿУСѾɺ꾫ˡ
½СͻȻڸղϥأ٣Цʱķɡ
˰
˵òĲҪؼҪȡźǰȴֻүүϿ
ӰСĿҲˣûشŭ
һе٣򣬱ɲɵӣȥֺñŮˡ
Ӳ죺Сãֲϲ١֮û㵯һΣڸΣ
Ȼ٣ϲˤ棬ϲôˣ
½͵ؽǿ̫ʯһˤˤƬ
ȴһ¡
һȺɶĶˣСУתˡ

Ůħͷôˣ֣ץ˰ԴҲ벻ס
ʱ򣬵һָҵ죬ǿҵ»
ͺڡ͡һЦӦС㡣
ڵЩ˼΢죺ӣˣ
֣Ůħͷһޣ͸ԲˡֻҪ׽Ū˵ģȻһ仰ˡġ
ת﹡š
ڵһЦǿɶ񣬿ԼӿޣȻܸ˵ӡˣѼǵҼȥȥŹ٣ղ治ˤ˹ֿϧġ
ӣû⣬ǮС˼ˣǰʫдã˭ģ
дġ
ܣƭˣҲúЩʫʻǲɵġ
죬һʲô룬ȴˡ
һ̧ͷȥ¹ɣȴмˮ¡
ϣǿͭɺ͵ģֻڽиͣҹɫޱȾס
߰˸⣬ɽǰ˵꣬ȡһƬ
ڴ˿̵飬죬ݡ
ãȥ٣Ȼÿչ嵶ᡣν½Ӹ
һ𣬻ɣʵûо鰡
ĸ֮ý֮ԲǲãһΣȱġ
ԣһ£Σеġ
嵣һΪҽġ


146 ˳
߳½ʱѾڴſڣһӣˡ
ڴΪȣô
һӣռ컹ûڹһ׼ؼҡյ˰죬ҲȲˣӽżˣȥѧѰ㡣ɵѧ֮ȴ˵½һȥˡСҲ֪ȥѰ˼½Źɭϣ½Ҳҹᣬܹлظʱ򣬾ţɵˡӣѾǻǿЩȥɡٵ飬ϸǶˣѰͷСһʹ
˵ӣһЦȻҲǺηġ
һЦĵ¶ӣҺҲͷۡ
һ̻ؼȥˡ
½ѣڵԽùзǮڱҲеƫ˼ҡ
Ҳûȥͷڼ
ҵĿ꣬ǰһڽ̫ȭ״ڸԼУ÷ʳ˵ֻڹ꣬ȭ͸ȫ£Ҳʦĺ֡
Ϊ˴֮ԽعȫԼūͺͽܵλϣҲΣЩϰʼոôһˡ
ؼ֮󣬶һڣ͵ĵǰʳԷûУ̺ϴŻ·ȫûֵ˼
ڵЩϰˣ˰죬̲סʣӣҽóˡ
ţ֪ˡ
㲻ɡ
Ϊʲô棬ܹҪģһմڼʲôϢ
ԡЦЦ
ӻأüëָϤӣŭôؼңȥˣ֪ǶΪ㵣𣿹ǸʡĵģӺòײźȥֲ˿κãҲǲ뷢ŭʵǣвһ¾ԣǲְˡ
֪ôģһŭݣڷһЦʲôҪģҷܹġˣȥ½ˡ
Сˣӷˡлϲһּеʣڸлðɣ۸𣿹ӣӾ
ããһжáڽԼ½֮ͬϸ˵һ飬ǸˣӦòʲôµģֻƷ˵Ĵ̫á
Ʒˡӱ˵Щʲôȴĵ̾һС﹫㻹ܼɡ
Ӧûԣ뷨ӣϾǷŻûеݹȥ
ڶգ˸磬ʹȥһУŹ٣ȻȲ½ˬˤֻ㲻
ٻؼңԼȥѧá
ѧõպǹ죬һţ͸ܵһȺĽʺ޵Ŀ⣬ѧ۾ڶǺܲơ
͢£۾պ޵ÿҪ
СһѾõĿŮѾŭ
ȴη壬һһĿؾȥЦЩ쵰Сҵδޣ˶ⶣѾҵˡЩһ⣬϶ϲ̡
ֵǣӦڵ½ȴһɥλϣ֧°ͣһģľګʬһ㣬˲СĴ
ҲϣصλϣȴӺһɥһſ˯
ڵɻʣ½ôˣ
ңʵ̫ˣ˯һɣӷҵıţ˯ʵ̫ˡ
ôˣҹ
ӻش˵ۻȥ֮˰飬һƪ£в˴Ѿֺüˡ
ڳһ벻½ȻùôùӳԵ𣿡
ôԲܱȱܿ꣬С㣬½һ⣬ҧߺߣŰɣһҪЩҵ˴һҹʲôӿʲô͵ʡ
ĬȻҲֵܸˣһʡˡ
ɾʱȴͱͱڵڸ磬λãλǽҲ˯

Ƭ̣ͽˣʼϿΡ
ƪģһƪ½ģһƪ͢
ȴû˿ĵ⣬½Ǹģ
½ȴͷǽϣʼձЦЦģϸȥڱǼȴѾ΢۾˯ӹ
ֽ̿ʼʡ
»治٣ȵǧֵġʯͷǡȻҪ½д˹ĵд
ϣ취½Ӵ½ܲٴμС㡣
ƻϲϱ仯һвô˳


147 Լ
ëдǿ죬ȴƪ꣬˰죬Ѿдǧ֣¥ΡмֱӼһд꣬ͣ
ǳҲûʲôȤζҲȵȫǺˮһˮ׼ϢƬ̡
ǰƪ֮󣬾ͻؿʼڰ˹ĵд
ɽȴһ⣬ôһʱꡣ
ɲ̫ףϮʵˮ׼ԣҪһƪǧֵİ˹ģҲҪϸ־䣬⣬һСʱƪһҲ͹ȥˡ
ھЩ鷳ⳭϮƪԸȥ
ɾʱ򣬴ʱȴ˵Ͼ˳츮ԣλλŹģ϶ⳡԡϾһ죬ֵðꡣʮ꺮ȵòôһ˵˵սսٱҲǼٻ
ǣҲôõ飬ʱıûУɽ̳ѧȴûдȻһЦ˫ֵֻҪƽռΣҲѡֻ֮ϣʲôпܷٵԡζľٵ龫¼ĺû񣬶пֱӰ쵽ǵ֡
ΣҲû취ȴܵǵľܶ࿼֮Կã֮ʱη壬ʵ̫ţõ֮ȴ֪ô±ʡƽڵĶҲһɶ˰ʵԩ
ӽÿնҵȫġеΣһһĿǶڵľˣ˭˿֣ᷢǿ˵ļ򵥣ɡʼɣ
⣬Ҫ⺣սˡ
нһá
ʵ˵νⲢһô򵥣ִĸ߿Ҳȡֱ취
ֻҪĿù࣬ȱ̫̫ҧʭӣܹǻҧһŵġҧһţ⣬͵Žɡ
һѾĸ߿Բˬ߱ǿĿɲԡ
벻ĹҲȽ
һ£еѧͷд壬½Ҳ˹ſϷܱʼ顣
һôȥˣԹ緹½ûظѧҳЩһ⡣
ڵɣϿƪͬķĳȥٶȵ졣
дֿ֮ʼ½˹ĵ·
ȵѧʱѧǲŽڶĿ꣬һ±ʣоЩۡ
½ѾûлᲹ˯ߣһѾ࣬סشŹǷ
ۼžҪѧŵν½£ʼÿκҵ
Ŀҵʵڡʵ̫ˡ
һƪ˹ģС⣻һƪۣһƪ徭ģһƪʫ
ⲻҪ
ҵȥеѧըˣпࡣ
ڽдõĸӽ½ܴܲԼ½
һҵĽкŹҰɣúôҵҵӱҪ飬һܸͨܲ찡
죬죿ҲЩƣʵ˵Ŀκҵƪ˹ĻãѰһƪȥˣҲŪ徭ĺʫûطȥҪЩԼд
Ҳðҹ
ҵͻЩʱ˵ӻڴǷ۽Ǿɫʺͦġ
һֻõãȹ˵ɡ
ΪôͥҵڶյҵӦЩ
ʵڵ־Ϊתƣڶմûµҵǻ˸»
ǰϴĿôԼ޸һ顣
óҲǻЩʱľģдľΪǳϮ˵ƷЩ滹д˺üָĵط
˵ľӣд֣޸
û취ֻһ㡣
ѾҲ¯ƪҪ޸ĵĵطֻ࣬Ƭ̾ˡ
д֮󣬻Ͼֳǧ֡ʯͷǡ
ˣʹˣþӸһ磬˳ء
ɵ磬ȴһֻ
ѧǵĿκҵַôҽ޸ġ
һֿ⣬ȴǳڵҵ䵽½У½ܵ͢ȥˡ
ȻǵҵȻǺطں
ҲǴıѾõ⣬Ҫñ˴˲Ըѧ֮໥̣ǴëãѧҲһսϸҪ
ں½˵ҵȻһĲֵǶ䵽ԼеҵҲû飬һʹK˭Ҳ
Ȼ½зУȴòϣһＦͷı²СЩѧˮ׼ģĴĵط
꣬
ѧһѿҵ
ͻȻ䣬ʶһֱԣԼˡ


148 ұҪ
ұǻϵġ
ӳ˴ԼգȻк֧ţҲЩ֧Ųסһ𴲣ֻô۵һˡԭʵ̫æ˻ס
һۣ۵ͷһ󷢻š
ŵûʧɫϽȥ˸лؼңһҩ£ŷȥѧá
ѾˣڴûҲ֪ᱻʲôӡ
ڿóǺܿԼġֻ֮֮УԸҲǸⲻ档ӣΪ徭òãǱѵΡ
λ½ſϲ˯
ڼЩʱ䣬ĥīöëճīˮǼʯͷǡѾüûдⱾˣǹⲻдʵûʱ䡣
Ǵǰ쿪ʼҵ˱٣ӷĿⷶһٳĵķʽ˵ΪʲôҪôдô⡢⡢ɡйɡɵġ
ٵǺŪһֵƪɺȴǧ֣еʱԭĻࡣ
ⶫûзĺó޷ȡɣҲֻܴ񣬰Լ԰˹ĵСĵ¡
ڵĻдȻһ㶼˳֣ÿдһλҪץͷƤ
ִ˶ڹܽһ׻ǺϤģڳ
ѧ类ĥòΣһɫңһ
תͷһ룬Ȼ֣Լ԰˹ĵȴǰһΣҲед˸塣
ھûз֣˿ⲢʵʷصҲܹдһƪģ³
һºȻʱȻ˵ãİ˹⺺дôһʱ䣬Ҳ˸к֣ˣȴ֪Ҫʲô̶ȡ
һִᣬǱСƸѧؼʦˮ׼
Ϊʱʵ̫æ˲ȥ嵣Щ
תһ룬ϾԣСӦܹġ˵Ѿ֪ھ½ѧӦҲ̫ĵġ
ڡʯͷǡѾϸˡǰʱ䣬Ҳûô๦д̫½ڣһǧֵţ2K
Ϊ½С㲻֪ŭʲôӣҲӵġ
˵Ҳ֣֮½ˬҲûҪش߸ÿ½ӰѸӵݹȥǺܴ󷽵ؽҳͼ
һȥǱһҪЩס
ϸ֮Ůħͷˣû취ֻǿ񣬿ʼд塣
д˰죬ȴԣʵ̫ˡ
̲ס¶ëʣ̧ͷȥѧоȻһ˯
ͬ½˯ÿˮͬѧϾŶ˻ֻ̬֧°ϣĿ¡ԴȴסسµţξͺʳϵļȺ
½͢Ҳһƣ룬˯УҲüͷ
Կ϶֮һζģܶ˶пϾȻ󱻻ѹ
ĬĬЦһҪдӣȴվſڡ
æ½һš
½ã̧ͷʲô
һȣȴһѪ˳һֽ졣
Ҳϻ
ʱֻõݣƽ￴ܲһ˺ݣҪţǼ⣬ʱÿ˯ʱ䲻ʱһȦĿ˫°Ҳʧˡ
ƽͬ˵˵˵žһˮسЦ
˱ѪȻһͨҡ
òװɫ䣬˵Ͽˣд١
һڱǿֽ˳ҪˣҪˣ
һڵĺϺ뷢Ц
Ҳ⣬½漮ݣƺϺ˵ֲǴӺȥġ
˶Դȥһľ˿
дˣپǣдͿԷѧˡ
̫ˣеѧ˹
һЦͲκҵˡ
̫ˣ
ŵʱ䣬Ҷ鶼ܿ̿࣬Һοշżһ죬ѧˡˣɣԼ⣬дͻؼȥȻٲϻˡ
ãеѧվƣ˷ܵɫ졣
Ѿ˰¶ʮʮԣʱʵ̫࣬ҶЩ֧Ųס
ڵ˸ڣ˶Լͬһͷյúһ죬ɷɡϾͿʼ
¥ߵɽ¬ŵˣ
Ҫ˺ò׵˿УĻɣ
һƬ͡
һЦȴϣȥ嵵ĴʱĻˣһڼ飬Ҳȥμӡ
ʱ½ȴվõĻᣬ׮ȴҪ֪


149 ԣ
½ô˵˶Щ֣ͬʱʾǺε£
½ƣһƬƽһܹͨͨ۾￴һ˿ɫϾˡ
ϾˡԱߣ͢´Ҳ֪£ԴȤϾѽǵĻʲôϵ
仰˴ҵɻ󣬶ġ
ڶǵĻᵹǲģ½͢ҲԸһ֯ĻҲԼ½
дǷ٣ЩƪҵŪ꣬ӿЩѧ
Ҳûзϣ۵ʵڹꨣʣҲɿ춯ʡ
½԰֮ԡұˣѵʱڣũæһǴӡĹأǸҪһ£ڸ½ҲҪٰģүүӲãҲû֡ԣǱҸϰ졣Ҳ֪ʱҪһƪʣƪʾ˭дá
˶Ȼ
νʣǵ̼콵ģһ㶼ٳ塣ڼʱУȻ¯ٻ
ʵǸϵĵͽƽﶼһʿ磬۶Ը⴩Ҳǳ֣ĶνֻҪʱúˣܵõĳšˣռξһڸг˲дʵĺ֡統׸ԣθף
ˣеĹҲͶãڼõۡ
ʱڣⲻ˵ġҲ֪ʱ򣬾Ҫȥٴ»ʡ
ԣȴǸ⡣žĺ׽ϧžȴӵ˻ʵ٣Ҫȥμӻʵֵļ䡣ԣ̷ֲô˵;½졣
Ҳ֪½ѧ˲żüãѡʡ
˵еԵʣ½̷̷˽ҹҪڵ學¥żѧǰȥѡμƪõʱðɡͷеõĸӣ׼һ¡
˶ǴΪܣ¶֮ɫ
ԣʲôطǿδӵǱ֮ءʱϰҵù࣬Ƕ֪дŵģ·ӲϰȥӦòڻ¡
ֻҪ˾˹ٵʸ񡣵ȻҲ߱ٵʸҪȥҸ֣ѡʲôʱܹѡУһҲû̵һְٰĴڡǽʿһˣй
Ȼԣ˵ȴһӡ
о˴һǺĵģɲұ֤һнʿ
ͨʶԣˣԼĽȴǴкôԼдܵүǾǰ컯
һ뵽̲ס½֣żȥֵܡ
ףͣ˱ʣ˵֪ԣλҲһɳ죬Ϊ̳δʮǡܹ˻죬Լǰмô
ӣĻỹĲܲȥСֻӼ졣
½ȥ𣿡
½ȴһãʲôżû˵ѽ
Ǳߣ½ȴЦŴһӣ̷ڴԺþȥֻ²סˣҸ˵ˣ½ѧѡʮž߻۵ġ˭ȴ½Ǻǣûӵӵģԭ
ã½֡˶ͬʱͷĿȴ䵽½еϡ
ʮУ½ȻҪԼһţһſ϶Ҫ͢£ʣ°Ÿ˭˭ȻҪż⡣
½е⣬Լһ£ʣ°У½ӵܿ϶ҪŵġԼ½ҳͷأûһӵܵӵ϶ǲеġǣ½ӵдûģЩܶžͿԡţɶǡ
ȻȥȥҲ޷ʱ̷ڴˣдʵʱ͢º½¿϶ᱻѡСֵȻɱǷЩ
ˣյĵһҡ
½ͻȻĪؼҹ˵ϯ
ҹԺǺȶ˾ƣͻȻָҵıӳ̾Ϣ˵ЩΣ½ôһŻڵĶӣҲʵúܡǣΪ̫ү㣬˵ʲôͷǡٺ٣˼ôһɫӵܣʹˣ㣬ȴҪôѹƽⲻƽ
ߣ̫үҲˣ벻ˡܵȻҲԸ̫±çһǳġµ飬ΪҲˣĹǵ¡δģڰġ
˵꣬ͽһӵ½ǰǸûᣬ̫үϵĻرúðհɣ


150 
ӣ½֣Ӵʲôطģô֪ԣӹһ°оȻû̸𣿡
˯߲㣬ЩԺץ˰ͷƤҲ벻ס
Ȼ½һֵݸ͢һţͿʼԼⷢˡ
ڿΣҡҡͷ֪ͬԼȴûйϵģҲΪ½᲻յĳԹ󷽷Լ
ţˣʵڲܴԣҲνܹԣǻ֮ǰ죬ȻԼ;м棬ȴǾءҪ͢ٱǽʿҪ뽫ڸ󸨳Թ󣬱ǺֳνǽʿΪ٣Ǻֲ
óɼõʿģҲöѾ
뵽еȻͷȥдҵ
½һһĽżĴЦ˽ӵ񼤵í˾ͷڴ̷̷ǰúñ֣ۣ˽Լִԣȥ
˺һӣӻɻʱһŲھȵ̧ͷȴ½һվ½ǰһֻһЦݣȴһ仰Ҳû˵
֪СӿûӸӣƵģ飬㷴ӦԽңֻ˼Խ⣬Ͳǡ
ӵˣ̲סʣ½ʣһӰ׼Һͽڸ˭ȥҿûʱģ˵ҲûǸڸ磬ڸ磬пǸûᰡǶʵ̫࣬ȥһ顣
Ŷ˼ȥ㲻ȥ𣿡½쵽ǰ
ڵһЦûաȥӣֻҪ׶
ȥɣȥɡȥץӣס½벻ӹЩ˼
ֻȥȴץ˸գ½ɿؽڿй˸䣬ӵǰǸŵŵϣһȥɣ
¶ϲվҾл½ӣл½ӡ
½һЦŪˣǸӹģôżʲôŪΪЩΡˡˡ
˵Ż΢΢һ֡
дΪʧΪԿһССصϷһڣȴ˼黬úܣϵ½ϹˣһԼǸеһ򲻰ֳķУҸһѵҲǲС
½ôһ֣½ӵ彩סˣһεرɫ
½ǲϰݣװһʹڲģԣҵǽܸˡǲֻȥȥ˵ҽԼ͸вС
һĻѧѧЦ½ıһݱġ
Сֹ½ȥ½ȥôֲдʣȥ˶ԼҪѧ˴ȴԿ
ǰǰȥʲô˯򺨣ȻԱ߷𣿡

һڿڶ
úúãֶΣڱˣȭͷͳ½ϴȥ
У½ӺӵֻҪִˡ
͵վһѽץס֣μˣ
½ڵѣ׹ֵУ·֮һټҷǶ㲻ȥġ
һǰ½һ˼ҲûУذԼȭͷϴա½ӵһȭȥôҲҪǺš
½ҵļҷɭϣʱһͨԼôҲڴɼ졣
գӣ½µģĿ½ڴϼգ⼸Ŀϵؼʱ̣һ飬ֻ¾͸ˣҲӰԵĳɼУԲȦס
뵽½ȥҧÿ֨죬ͷһѪͻͻ
ȴˣ½Ŀ걾Լֻ§ݴӣ˳Ӵˡ
½ˣַЦ
½ؿһۣתˡ
ģԣѧ֮½ݺݵ˵һ˹ְһٲɡ½ʲôʱԹֿˣ
ڰο䣬ˣϴҽ
ȥӰԡУҲʲȥģŭһڸ磬ҳòã
ʧЦǽȥʹ½ɣ
ǲǡ½ҡͷɶĻȥۻԸأֲʡڸĲźѽҪҲȥѹһͷ
ҵȥϧûһ̯֡
µҲס½һԴһѣ½϶ǴӵҪġٴܴүүүүŮħͷˣ˵ȥүүҪһţүүȥ˵һȥףýûдӣŮħͷθѾˡֻҪи֣ͷ
΢΢һ
ԥ½ȥɣֵǷܳڶͿˡУȥסżҪԺʱʱȥӣҲ顣
ͬˣæòٸǧֵĸӳëдֿ죬ǳϮҲöӣȸд꣬ǰŻ˲ʱ
˱ɣӳһٶȣ飬˲ò
½˸ӣ˵ָԻؼҡ
ص֮æжֽٵһ飬У׼
˰죬Ū׵
Թ̫ûɽǺʱ㲻
˵ҪȥС㣬ҲǻϲһУ½
ڴ򿪰һЩճƷ·ӡӡ֬ʲôģлһʳ
Ĩ˵Сڵӿ϶ÿ࣬ˡ
ڿЦãȰοöӰ˵ЩСòϣһã֬ˮʲô
ɶȴǲ
û취ֻ˰Ϲ١һγš
סƬǺֵͬҲխ߲һ·Ͷסˡ
ǰһɫǹ
ηΪ̧һйĶ๫Ҳ㣬ʱʣǰģ·סˣ˼ʶԷǹٶ࣬СһԱȴ鷳
ĳشɽ̻ģͷһá
ȥģһ̼ƾʲôҪãۼҽĿһй๫ҪҲã˵Էݱˣηܲ
һüͷȥ½·ϵ飬ĵɣһá
Ȼ๫ô˵ˣǺˡηΣһת˽ӡ
ɾʱȴͻȻԾ¼ˣֳֹֻȥͽηƵڵء
һѵӼܵڲϣߣ


151 ͷ֪
õӼڲϵζǳãƤըһ㼦ƤһѵǰƱ
Ҳ԰ƽΪ˺ܵ͵ֲԴͽҪƱҲȥѰǮ˲ǣôҡ
˵ӽ£֮ΰǳãôаˣ
ЩɻҪ˵𾩳ǵΰ̶ܳȣҪǿϲࡣΰҪɳ˳츮ְܲ໥ǣƣͳϽԶԼƬ
ȺĿ׶ѵͲע
鲻Ͽô򵥣Ⱥ˲ǴͳϵĽٷˣݡ
ûףȴоһ΢΢ʹͺȣͿߡеĵӳǰơ
кȻ׹Լڵ飬˻µȥ֡
ûа취ֻܳǰһһ̧߽
ܺڣҲ澿ʲôΡһ߽ȥҲ˵еıӡžһڿը죬ܾ͡һ˽ȥ
ڽһٿƲס峯ǰȥ
Ľһ⡱ֻҪڵˡ
ɾʱһֻȵؽסСˣ
һ̵ּڶһۡ
ģ˫ֻͺߵƤںëң˫ܴ󣬸ǯһ㣬ＸûأȻġ
ȥ֮ߵõƽ
ڵ۾ҲӦǰĺڰȥǰһʮˡͷѾףϴһɫɽۣһ˫۾ڰ͵ţͺè
Ͻüֹǳãܹͨá֪ӣÿӡ
ܴ·˻ͽ
Խˡ
ɡɿڣָָߵ棬һþλߵơ
Խ϶˲Ƿͽ֮Ҳˣ˵ͷݵߣ֣ڣմҪȥ
һš
˵ǱڵĵŪһ㣬˼ңŵƨߺվȻǸ
֪ڣĳջơҪôʲô㾿ǻү˼ɡĿ̹һʧͽ۾ˡ
һЦͻȻʣǾĸŵģ
͵ؽ۾ȫɱô֪ģ
һЦָָϵ·ӿȻͨϷǳüĹ򣬷ǹټҵաҲ֪֯컹Ͼ֯죬Ͼʱɼ١
ԭĳˡ˻ȻĿеɱ֣⽨ҵĶӣСϾʲôû
Цָָ˵ĽţУϿǹѥҪ΢˽ãװȴûá
øۼСӡЩȣʶսšһϸ緢׮ͺ˲𣬱Ⱥǿˡ
ߣչһ壬һܷɵӣ˼ңұҪȥ½˵ģָʹ½ǽָˡҪȥ̷̷˵żҽϳǰҵĴ¸ˡ¼ǣ治ý͡
û취ȻͷǾǳϵˣ᲻֪˵֡Ȳô࣬ģ́ϣͷܹ֪еķ
Ŷ½ָӡ»ԣˣСھǻʶҪﰡͷһ벻ӣ½ָȻȨλأС϶˵ѾԲڴ꣬˼׽֮ˣѰҪһ涼ѡֻСʶ½ָӣ½ָȴ֪ôˡ
εؿһ
ͷ°ͣŵС˲⣬ھǸ裬ƽʹЩİ빣õһӦǧУһһ䶼ˣĴɽ߻ʵԶһ˵˾㡣ˣ֣ȴŲͷӡԣ̷ڣٺ٣һ־û˼ˡ
һͷ˵𾩳̳ϹƣȻҲȦˣλ͡ңһ·񱼣ȴûκһΰۺͷǰѵ˵
ЩסָΪ֪ڴһ϶
һչ࣬Žͷģ
һīͷףѾơ°ȴͺͺؿһӡ
̫࣡ը죺ѹ½ԣ
æָ˻ֱ壺ҪȥΪΣ
ͷӺٺһЦǽٷˣ㣬ȻҪҪһģͷ֪ˡ


152 ˵
ֲ֪̫֮࣬ʶԡͽƽ໥֮ҲûκνΪǻʵĸ˴֮䶼ӡ
ܹ˵ĻڹеλȻͲˡ
ֱֲ̫ӱݣȥҲûκ塣
˼ȻǹٳˣȻᰴչڱһйںܵĶˣܶԷʲôܹЩ˼ٲһİˣ˵˺Ʊ˺ƱԼʱûΣգֻҪװŲ֪ǵݾС
ɽǰ·ҲĲôࡣ
뵽Է壬װſ̫ӣ̸ͬһл޻˵һĬĬؼʱĵ·
һĬǣǳһӱǶһ·˴Լʹӡ
ܣҪܵʳˡ
̫һһ佱Сӵ򶨡
ʵղװģʱ̫Ѿ֪͵ԼòҲơ
ͬԼ̫ζ
̫ڻʹ⣬ճҲûͬ׽˵Ҳսսı˵һ仰ˡ
̫֮ȻҲΪԼȨƶ⡣ɼʮȴЩᷳˡ٣Թȴһ̬ȣ֮֮
ֽһͨͷԴĻͷһ⣬ȴЩʡ
̸ֹȤлҪŹֵۣ֮£Իϸһ룬ȴǴ⣬˶Ŀһ¡
˼ģ˵֮вԾһԻԣÿÿ䶼ԣһдһ׾ʫʡʲôһƬеˮʱ
̫ö飬̿ٶǺѧʿ׼ˣȥμӿƾ٣иʿҲ練ƣһѧʣڱǣҲǰéģеĺô
˵һ̫вסޣоͺͬһཻڽд裬ͻȻС
һ뵽㣬̫һݣɫڣǰˣƱѵͲƫƫҪĳ̸Цǲǻʲô˼
Ŷ˵˹¸Ħۺ֢ûУ
ʲô֢̫ЩҲǶıѧ֮ʿⶫû˵
ǡڶ˶٣͵֢˵ָı߶ڷ߲Уߵһᡣɱ˶ԼӺ˲øСġЭӺˡ
̫໹ǲףھϸϸؽʱͽٳֺ󣬸׶εĲͬӦһһͬ˵
Ҳûһܴܲӻ̫дʲô
ôһ˵̫Ȼ°ͣ̾Ϣһ벻滹ôི㻹ǰĶ͸ˣ֪ĻΪڹɹĻأ
һóڶΪ˽⣬Լִƶ꣬ҲУͬͼȥ˵һ·£Щʱ䡣㿴Ұ飬ʲô©
һ˺ףֻҪ㹻֣ʱһһƷԱ˵ҲͰˣһһţĲõûʲôɴҶ֪˲Ǯѡǰ˼ģǶԷġܴʮ־񣬻кܶȡʱͷ۰˽ӡ
ֵ˵һ׵ķָʼЯװİԵǴģ߻ɫġһһӵĺӰһ·ȥʱ򣬰˾ͻһ˳ˮʼϴȥвͷʼʱˮȥ׷ͽĿԴԼΪ㡣ͽԿ֮زز
ڼŪŴӺϿĹ¡
һ˵Ҫ̫ýζϳĺڳԯҲ
Ӵⷨ治ִķͽۼڣҲ޷롣̫һĴȣ治дС˵ģǻ¡óºúʱҲддɣɶۺ֢ҲЩȥСƽ۸붥ΪµļɶǸ֮ţܽ½ָӺ˳츮˶ȥˡڣֻҲҪˣת
º顭ֺö졣һ̫仰̣ȴ˲Ϣº顢С˵ǿš
ͻȻã²ֻһͨİܣ̫ҲΪġ
ʻڽֵϣﶼǶе
˵䣬ܳȥ˴ԼأͻȻо֮Ͼʣĺˣǡ
˵ɵڰأʱûϳ˵ǰԵ
ȻǱסˣϢȥ
ûм٣ֳǰһ
Ҳ֪ľʲôطȻ棬̲סҪ⿴һۡȴ֪泯⿴ôһֻۣ¾û취ؼˣǿŽ˻
ͷȥȴ̫ص˵ͷ
ȵܡһطоͻȻտ࣬һ޿ײڣϲһˬ
ǼҲᵽһµˮȻһƬˮ
𺳣һƬˮⱱк˶ͷûĵطˡţһֱġ
ߣҪ˵ֻʣʲɲˡ
ԷĻʼ԰֡
ǽϺˣ
ûһ󼤵˼Լƽ
Ƭֽ̣һȺԺȻȵͣ
ɣǵͷˣЦЦʡ
̫˵ͷһ֫ơ
ڴ󷽷ش򿪳ţȥ
ǰһƬܴԺӣһΧǽ涼שߵƽҲͨ
ԺﾲˣҲˣֻһȺӴӻƻշɹﶯЩϱζ
ڳд˰죬ᵽʵĿ񣬷һ³Ļ̫ࣺɣҪҹǼӣ
ָָһիģӣ˵ãסˡ
̫ʧЦ㵹ݣȥɣл˵
իһӣ徭ʫʼӡ
ӿǽ߷һСһ̴ľ󰸣ϵķıΪһͲǷƷ
иһ飬ƤƯκд֡ʯͷǡ
дúܼׯأīɫý̴ľĹâȥˡ
顭ڴһĳ˺д𡭡
дġ̫ٺһЦ
ڴӰץǱʯͷǡһ涼ӬͷСһ˿Сһֱʮ ﶾ˼ּշ¼
ڶϸһڡ
лвעɰдּͣͺ˵㣬⣬ҲЩʲݡ
עȴЩ˼
𿴿¥ΡʱҪôеɫдҪôעеŮ飬߶еķ绨ѩ¡
Щעȴһģ
һһΡ´ûֻɥ£ȥ𾭣շºһʱּʡٸʮҲǶʮжʮƶһһȡиͬзʣҲ˶ʮҵȻô˰Ҳḻ˴¡
ɰʵעЩ˼ʮܰһɥ£ɼ䷦ߡǰ½ڿһϵȾװʯҲ֪ɫӦμ㡣


153 
дôҾ͸˿ɣʣд𣬿½ҵ峤½Ȼǽͷӣɼһ͸ȥˡ˽ֱµľֻжˡ
ϵ̫ݣϵղеġ䡱֣ڸоԼһͬѰĵطط˱½ǿƣ
£ݵλܹ½ָʹģֻһˡξʵۡ
Ȼ𺳣ɻ̫Ȼݣ֪ܵű˵һ㡣컹óȥˡ
ˣװһνӡ
̫⹫ӴԼ֪Ȿʯͷǡвٳȥ鷻һ汾ϳۡ
Ȼӡ飬Ȼ棬ʵڿɶ񣡡ڵЩˣʣɣսʲôȻǵļܲܰ׳԰׺Ұɣ˰ƱƣҪʲôܿɣһҲûӡûУʮеġٶֻ࣬ѽˡ
̫ͬװ˺Ϳ
̫һЦ⹫ӣҼȱǮ𣿡˵ţĿ⳯ɨһۡʼȻǼ֮Ϊ£һЩͷĹõȥһһı
ʥͬʡʵԼӢڻʵ۵ļӲͬճöȺƷ޴ڲظܾͱ˼ڵüˡ
ȻѾ³˵ݣлǾ֣ûʼңץһСʲôΪǮΪʲôˣδ̣˴ʲôطҸû£Ҳ
̫Цϵƶһȥˣ˵һۣԻطƫƧû˵ҲѰ
ۣѽЦЦ٩̫ࣺϻƣģҲһʿǿԵĵʿȻ٣ˡ
̫һϣګګʿͲǿԵˣ䵱ɽɽɽǣǵ˳͢뷷ģܶ˶ƷĹְǧҲ֡ңЩɳǴһԲ˶Ҳǳе¡С϶ɲǵʿһջū͡
ŵץʵΪⱾʯͷǡ
ΪⱾ飿һеˣϻƣղ˵鷻䵽ҪۣУʮǮһѵʲô£õŰҸץ𣿡
̫ĳ࣬һ̾˭˵أֻϧ⹫дʵ̫һǧ֣һŪһ۹ȥͿˡãƫ㻹ͷЪд˵˵ȵĽҼɳļ֮ˣȵռ䰦̾˼ż˵Ҳǲ̣ͽӸ˻
̫๰˹֣˼ûдⱾ֮ǰֻ߲˵ġ
ںһϻƣǴ߸ʹôҵֶΡǲǵ»ҪҹؽСУÿдһ֣д겻ԡ
̫룬ڽкãⲻ
ЦˣǼɳǸˣӦ£նȴС˵ʲôͺҵǾ仰˵̨ճǺ쳾̫࣬Ͼͱɱˣε֤˵ϾҪμ˳츮ǣ¹ϵҵǰ̣ôǺ𣿡һҪֱ¥ΡдűųȥҲˡ
̫۾ͻȻҪ˵ȴһϵ˵úãɱΣε֤
תͷȥȴ鷿ſ߽һԼһʮݵˡ
һɫӣͷϽڣһЩ԰ףȴһƮ֮
̫һū
ڵ⹫ӣҼҹ
Ǵ˸ףⲻǼξʵ
æʩ񣺡ڼ
ˡؿڣղ˵С˵öˣɱΡɺ쳾ʱʱãԵóеĹһ˵ĥѣζУϴֻҪҸƧĵطʲôҲʲô¶ʾܵõɣǲɣҲһ˵¡ɼһ´ӳȻٳһֻأˡ
װһóϷӣ֮ǣȻдǻ۵ģ
ξʵЩ⣬ɫ¶һ˿ϲɫһԶѣ̸ʲôǰ̲ǰ̵ģһ˶ѡҲˣҲδؾֹ⾩бѡĹԱûһǧҲа˰١ĲѧӦаɣ
ڿ϶صͷʵ۵ʱ򣬱ܲȱˡھʮ꣬ӻеġдӰɣѾûдˡƽĥī
һϣ۹۱ǣǹļ¡
ƽ֪̫ԭ˾ӡ̫࣬͢һˡ
ڲҽǵݣֻװͿ


154 ÿ죬֮
ƽӣǿϺõĶ˵ˮĥī
Ķǳ̨ī֭ҲĶɿת˵Ҳ֣ûһǰɽɼȵεȳ̶ȣ˷ǳ
Ƭ̨̣ī֭ͺڵ÷
ƽͷҲһϸܵëëͣһ֫ơ
ڵͷҲ˵þһԾļξʵֱۡǰëʡ
ʱͻȻǸС׼˲ˣվһڴڵʲô
Щ˶ͨūʹ磬٣ȴǹͺͺûһӣȻǹ̫ࡣ
һ֮г⣬Ϳһʿ
̲סһЦë䵽ֽϡ
ֽǻװֽͿɢһɵĻζͶȼѣ
ڼһдʮؼһڣдؿˡ
룬д˵ԼȥʵȤÿ䲻ͬƽ˵Цһأͺ˯ˡҹƽӵ¯ŨѬ屻˯£ָг̸õδ֪ѽġ
ܹŻʵ۵д壬ѵãȻҪúŪһ
Ҳ׾һݽɿسȥٶȿþˣǻдҲӣƫƫһдȥֻƬ̾ѽֽд
Ư֣ԱߵĻƽ۾һס̾
ףԱ߾ļξҲ۾Щȣ屾ǰûȻԳһˣЩ˼
ȷʵãƽͷҲǰֽ̿ųڸղд½ڡտʼʱģʹд˼֣дʵ̫æͻвݣٶҲ
һЦҲ˵дȥ˵дٶȣÿ춼Ҫǧָ½ûȥӿǰд飬ʮˡԳдٶȵڶ¼ÿ˸ҳƵһ
ܿ죬һǧд꣬һ蹦ֽ
ͣһһ֫ƣ˿ϵĲ裬ܲζѵȴߵƢҪ͸ˡ
ϢƽϽʣ¼дãؽҳֽݸԱߵļξʵۡ
ξʵۿõǿ죬ֻƬ̾Ϳˣһȴ֣ؿ˾ˣǱȴĵѪû˽ɣ
ƽĻǰûдӦûС
ξ᲻ʣڣش𱾵
ڣûУؿǱĶ֮ʱѪУЩŹֵ˼
ξͻȻ̾ϢһȴǿϧˣŮ˲ȫʧơ
ڡһгξòȻΪȴ˰ԡؿ䲻ʲôʧӡˣΪʲôⱾ˸ðԭ뿴ҺСӵڡҲ⣬ҲˣȱֻʱνʵڲôͨдҲͼȤζǱȵϲѩ۵ĸ߼Ȥζùˡ
ξӣֵݵա
С׼һ̫ɿ˹ȥַɿ˻ȥ
ҪһȺ̫Χ˹˫۾ͬʱ䵽ֽϣҲŲֺ
ٿǵı飬һл˰졣
ʵ˵ڴԽ֮ǰҲνĴԽС˵С˵е˹һŴԺ˵С˵ʲôƲ񷡷ٸסȴһ㣬˵Ķζִ˲𼫴ִϲĶδˡ
ͬŴĳС˵ִ˿ζͬ
Ȿ¥ΡҪǶһͷΣҲȥͨⱾС˵ʱҲǺüζ˯ȥС˵ԽԽþ
벻Ȿ¥ΡԹ˵ȳ̶ȣһЩʼδ
һһĶȤҲͬ
ͷС˵»ͣڹѣ˶飬һͨ׵ĳ̶ȡʵϸдԸƽʵŵ飬˵һ͸ʣͺԼڹµУŲͬĽɫһβǣҶǣģ
¶ʱЩ⣬ں˼ڲˮʣٶɼ졣
ԱߣƽҲǸŲͣسţֻƬֻ̣ͷۻָΣ̲ס⹫ӣܲЩˡ˲ãٶȶԣ¼Ҳûܱȵ㡣ҹųϲˣӻһһд˲òˡд߲Ϊ֮
ЦЦһС˵ѣʲôţͣͣһֽ
дС˵ͲвˣѵҪʥʳŲвţξЦҿܶνĲŸ߰˶֮ʿҲΣˣһֻΪҲ磬˶࿴һۣᷳ
һС̫ߵƽߣɵʹˣСɣ
ƽ˼ξһۣҲ۵òɣֻǲ˼˰ˡ
ȼξ˵ͷƽһ˵һߡ
ˡǺǣҲϲϡкЦҲ˵λвݣٶȱ֮ղֿ֡
С̫ȻҲǸ֣ôҲϲˡֻһĬڸղдĸӣһץٶ¼дҳֽһȫǺˮҲòסľƣˡ
ξЦһָָ̫
̫⣬æǰǸС̫໻
ȵĸ˵ʱ򣬴ʱȥ
ڿдһ֣ŽʷһɫѾ׵غȥ
ػһ󣬽ʷ£ˡ
ʱҲǺһСʱģһ֣ǱȲϵԴѽٶȣڹŴǳһ
дˣƽȻʣÿ죡
ξҲԾվÿ죬Ĳӵ㣬һǳɣ˵áߵ˶ȥ
Щؿץʱ¼Ǹ̫࣬һҲǶʮģñʧ
̫һ˵ϣˮһε䵽ذϡ
ξȴһЦһˣ쿴̹ǰǧǧֵĶһô֣ȴЩˡƫ»˺ÿֱ˵ĶҡħϮȥչ
һӣֱˡ
ãȻʵһߣ̫źȲһͬʱڹ֣⹫ţҵ
΢ЦſŻƽϻƣһѾд꣬ǲǸһȥˡڻҪҪ죬Ͳˡɳϲҵ飬ֻ˵һǣÿնûУǧַϡֺαزȡܽٳֶּΡ
ʵҲߣѵôһͬʵ۽ӴǸԵϷȫס
ƽЦЦ԰⹫˵öԣȻûҰˣôȥס¡
̾ϢһҪ°
Ǻð찡Ҫʲô£һȥǣٻһߣֲдˣ鷳ٰһΣ񲻶£
㡭ü˵Ҫȥ½
½Ҳȥ䡣
½ҵĻɶǸ֣㲻ҵʱ˽𣿡
£Ҹ߾ǣʱ£ıûУɱһŻǿԵġƽõһʯֽһ󣬡ꡱһء
ʣӾĺʯͷӲ𣿡
һ̯֣ȻǱȲϵģˡ
ЦЦ羰ͦģҵ᲻ˡ֮ǰ÷ҳȥԡ
Ȼ
Уҵø˵һ
ǡ
øѧ١
ƽЦһʱʲôʦѧһЩݺҵֶΰˡ飬ۼҸŪѧʿʦ
ţ㣡
ƽȳЩȥһȦ


155 پ׳ĺҲסڰ
ܿ죬̫ƽڵ˵ͷ˵ȥ䣬͸Ƕȥ
Ȼ˵һۣʿĻʳȻǲɵġ
һ̸һСа鶹һݲЩ˼峴Ϲ룬һɷ
ǻʼţôȣ
ڴΪʧΪһԻÿٷ⣬ɱѹ
ʷϼأξʵͬǰʡʵۺͳʵ۵ļӲͬһƷʣճҲϲݳ޺ӡһ֧ƴԺӣڸⲻ˵⡣󣬸¡ʵۺʵһ̯ӡ
ΪʵȱǮžŲòвĸ
ʵһִŵҲһ£û뵽ξʵ۳Եô򵥡
ʵ۵Ǯ棬ڳԺȴôԡ
ʵڶòɣӣһϹ룬һڣȴʵüͷҧˡ
峴Ϲ˵죬ֽȻͬζһŨһˬˬϹ룬ŨģӦĽͷ
һ棬ͲǸ̫Ц⹫ӣǲЩ˼ʵ⻹ǿġʯͷǡѧġ
Щɻ󣺡ûд˰ɣ
ôûУϽԺǲеӡ˽е˼ϺѼͣϹ峴һŲţͼӵΡ
ѼӣѼ˾ںɳԲ
ʵ˵Ѽʵûʲôͷϴ߳ġ
гֽӣҹȵѼӰɣͷ׳ⶫֻʮʮͳˣΪȱ˶ϵһͿûκνͷòãһѼëĳζѼʮ죬ֳҪѼӣӷϺģںǿɽ亣ζϡȱԴ
ֻһڣھ򣬰һ׷
ˣȴǸиɫ
ۣȴһоɢһ±еζȻǵ±ʱõü׼
ڳȴдˬ
˱سȴöࡣ
һˬɿڣʺϴãȵһ֮ŷԼڲ֪иɵĴ׷ŵöá
̫ϲҲǵ⣬Ц⹫ӵĹдã⹬ġŶ˶ϲ﷿˶Ĳʽ໨͹˶Ե޲ڡУľģҲӡƼʲճʲôʲôʲô˶Ǻǣ⹫ʶ˲ã֪һ룬ȫ֪
ʧЦһ˻ҵġ¥Ρٿȫˡ
ţʵǲѩ˲𡣲ѩ۱ǺĹӳʲôû˵Ժ֣Ϸ๫ǱŮԱĵ˭ܱȵҴ壬Һ壿
ͬǱԵЩǳĽ֮ȣҲв硣
Թ̫ཫߡ
߳ӣʳ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô徻úܣҲˡ
ҹ΢һڱü͸Ʋ֡
һ
ת˰죬һ̫ʯɵСɽϣվͤĿȥ
Զһ׵ˮǿԨ̶ɡ
һƬǻʼ԰֣ڼǵôѧҵͬѧһתʱ۶˳羰ʲôĶɣˡ
ܶطţ˿š
벻ȴסЩλ֮С
ͤվ˰죬ӹһ˺ˬ
طúܣԼһҹͺһ
ξܡ
Ӧǰ»ʵۣһƬ»ʵ޽ģǰǴı
˺ˮʱҲˡ׼¼ɽͬƽһȴ½С㣬½ӸԼѧ٣Ȼٻؼͬ˵һ
üɽ洫Ѽɤӵ˵
ͷȥȴ̫࿿ڼɽµټӱ˵
Ȼͨūʹ磬ɹͺͺ°ͺͲ԰׵ȴ¶ʵݡ
̫һһСϵǸԼʮСǸʮӡ
壬˵ý޸𣿡С̧̫ͷ۾ȴǹʣǲŮӰ壬˵еСǲЩ񡭡
ʲôչ̫һЦⶺС̫ࣺô˼ˡԼ˵ȥǡ
һ𣬼Ӽɽϵȥ̫Ҳҵã
С̫Ų԰׵ͻȻһƬͨ죬߲ɶƣͷҲȥګګҪЦң⡭ôȥ˵ҲһССĽӰ˼ôܿңֲǹµĴ
Ǻǣ㻹뵱ˣЦС̫ͷǹӣ˵һСŮӻСӰⱲǱˡӶʲôǿǴ͵ýöģʮĥڼ䲻֪ҪԶٿͷûԵɺϣƵ¡ȵһ죬ϰʮʳƨ
νӣǻʹʮĹ̫ࡣ˾ӡ̫ࡢ̫ࣻĹ̫ࣻᶽǿһǶᶶ
ڶʳǻʹһ󡣹Ůһ빬ɫ˥ûгؼҵĿܡΪį̫ͣĵʱͥ໥ǷޣʤƷޡ
Ƿз֮ʵֻ֪
Ȼʹÿ궼һʹ̫͹Ůȥ
Щ֮Խ̫࣬ҪǼҾƶҪûˣȥ֮Ҳûȥǣʳ̫͹Ůʵϵķޣܴɱļͥ
Ȼ̫̫һӵģȴڷɱķΧ֮ڣҲ
壬˵⻰ˡС̫಻޷޵̧ͷ⹬мӣѲ˶ù¿һˡ㲻Ҳͬƴһʮ꣬ƷҲ
Сӣ̭ˣһЦС̫ͷ㣬ϲСȥ˵ǣû˹㡣ҪˣСôã
ôͲˣһССüĿܴ֮һ˿ǳһۣ̲סúð
̫꣡һЦǸޣﶮŮˡŮˣҪػСͬʹСӣͷտʼʱ򣬻㻹ÿɰӹζӳˣͷô֣پ׳ĺӣҲڰ
С̫ͷܲΪȻһϲãŮ˰
ŮˣǺǣؼҪġ̫ͻȻƵŮѰۼһ籦ֻͣ¶֮ˣⱲҲֵˡ
ϲΰòáС̫ҡͷ˶ϲãвϲƽϲεȴࡣ
Сӡ̫ʹˣϲΣϲ
С̫ྪĿࡣ
ʲôֵġ̫౻ϵľŪúܲˣүϲؿһ˵𣿡
䣬˵ҹˣūŲȥ̺ţʲôͷȥʮǰӡ
ڵͷȥȴǻƽ


156 ȴ컯
ƽһһ̫ວûͨһڵϣɵɵ
ߣƽһǻһӣͷȴ߸̧䵽ɽͤϡ
̫ɴ⣬ͷڶȥ
ƽͳ
ںǺһЦϻ˵ҵأ˵ˣ֪̫ͷԼԴ󷽷ͬк
˵ϻư۹˵ҲҪӣȹٸŻҵ﾿ʲôطˣ
ƽĿϬղĻ㶼ˣ
Ͷ䣺û
ƽĿһЦˣ㵽ѣ
ĺɱһ˵һȥҪȥ𣿡
ţóȥˣѾ׺áڹش󲻴ʲôģǰˣȻɱƽƵ˵ţͽڴſڡ
ſѾͣһ
ɿٵǰۣһ·Ҳûκ˸
ӺŵҲȵɺ
ƽһϳͱ۾öЩʲô
ͣҡӣȳķȴһ˿
ǱڵȵķңƽͻȻ۾̹˸⹫ӵдǺðӣǵĹǶˡ
ڣû˵
ѧ飬Ȼǲ֪ġƽһһ˵˵ǻʹǣһղʯͷǡ;ӹûζԵĴģõģˡеĴԺʲôطǿһȵһڣôôˣǽɽ
Ӹ£ʲôòһݣ֪̫໰л
ȴǡƽЦһ۾̹֣ǲ֪ΣΪ˶࣬شѰʲҪͽȥֵ˶ˣǶҲ̳Ǯһ̵صĽשɣһǮһ飬ͽȥֵˣܶʵһﶼҳŪǡµľһʱ˾ˡ
˵ʹǣܶ鶼֪
⹫һдغˡǳԴ涼ô꾡һԭôӡǣһŪһʫᣬհżꡢɽзýǰ˴ˡ
ƽһ˵һСЦ۾̹ͻȻʧ⹫ӣⲻǺ𣬹еĹǿɶⱾдЩ»Ūð첻ò¡
ҲЦȴû뵽ϻԻʹӣѵ¶Żƽ
ѵϻ鷳ҵɫ
ƽһЦЦĸң㱳վŸ˶ѽ˼ҿͷȻ˵мⱾ飬һͼˣͷӹˡУǺǣҲͦϲģ״ţͬĻȴһ˼ˣϲ㡣
ڴЦ
ЦЦ̫̾ϢһˣƫϲǾŮˣоԼҲ࣬ð
ڻҪЦ̫໰ͷһתղһĻҲˣ֪ǲͬѰĵضһжڲСڣҲ֪ôģһϲʵ׿²˵ʵ̫⣬̫裬ϲȴϲһֶϧʱΪϼּģˡ
̫ȻҲЩ䣺һˣֻ֪ʲôط˵ʲôܣֻ¸㻹Ըأ
һЦϻƣɴϸݺˡ
ƽĬȻȴ΢΢ЩڣǸ컯ͷҲ˼꣬δǵģúðա
ʱѾ˵ˡ
δδģȴҪȿƾ֮˵ʵ˵ѧϲɡ
ƽЦʱʲô˲ߵҲԶѣ飬ͷҲ
˵ž仰ڳͬ̽ѧ
һ̸ڵǳһ̫ѧǹѧʦһġ˵һʦ緶Ԩ̶ȣ֮ʤȻһ˲õ
ѹ˾ӡ̫һְôϯࡣ
ΪʱѾˣһ½ȴ½ŷ˵һ˵Цһȴ̽ͷ̽Գ⿴ȻѾˡ
ںͻƽһȥڸ磬ô½͢ѾȥμɶżˡҼӴүүǿЩȥȥˣͷҪһˡ
ȥӡڶǸʲôĻһҲðʴ̷ڣбáʯͷǡ򶯻ʵֱӡУѾôûδˣżʲôĻ᲻Ļģ˭ں
ʲôʱܼżһʹˡӼֱš
½֣кηȼӣϴͬԼõڶģһʮ߰գԶţ
Ӵŭڸ磬̷ڿԣģѧдʱȻүǰȴǴкô
дʣԱߵĻƽ۾һȻŶһ㡶ʯͷǡʫʾüҲһ֡
λǣӿߵĻƽɻʡ
ڵλǻ壬ҵһݣǰϾʧɢ˵ģžۡ
ƽһį壬壬ǰݣž۵ġ
Цһ̷Σдһƪʣ͵ү󻹵ʱյ˷ˡ
ڣӣ治ȥˣ㡣˵žͽǰ¡¥ΡС
ӻϲؽһôӣ̫ˣ̫ˣ
ǽȥǸ治ȥμˣ͢ٲա
ʵû£Ҳ޻˵ֻõͷҲգǽȥɡ
ǣھͱ˹٣ϻƽ½һ·ȥ
øУƽظں棬ζؿһУʱƷ㼸䣺ɽѵúá
ˮƻȣζ
½ܶܰլƷζ

ᷳĶ˵ڸ磬ûʲôʶһνʱǷݴ
ڿЦ౻˿ϣ»ǺЦˡ
ڣˣӶȥѧã١
һȥѧˣѧҵô죬Ͼѽ
ڣҸƧĵطϰΣѧѧҵʵڷأĽڷʽһζѼ̫ʺҡ
ӣҾͦģҾն࣬о⼸յջǰһ껹ࡣǴţҷˣ
ƽЦһʱʲôҲԳƴš䵽Υˡ
ƽ˵ԼӴŭڸ磬ͷᣬǿݵķϣֱӾͲ˳ȥ
ҪȰƽȥȵصͺһŮ
ԭ˵䣬Ѿߵǰ
ƽһüͷɲãҪǰ̵ġ


157 ȼ
½ļûʵۺʧΪ⣬ҲмξΪ衣
ˣ½Ҳ򰵵ܵһļӡ
Ů½˵һ£˾Ҳ֪ġ
Ϊ˾ӡ̫࣬ƽȻĴ֮һָƣ֪ξʵ۶һʹ޵εȳ̶ȡӼξһ굽ξʮ꣬ӽʮʱ䣬еĺⲢΪʱ嵭Щ
ɼӵóǴ󱦵ļξεȵǱһɷƽĺҲϷŹ
˲ŻδһƬͬҳϹϵȴزס
ƽ֪ôģںкøУвЩ
Ҳش𣬽ٽ£ϥڵϣֵ˼ǡ׺һЦĿͷ
оʹһӦ
һСųһʩ񣺡ԭڹӣҼҹ˵йţҳӭӣ롣
ӿһۣһʲôʱɹˣճ˶ģһɫҲֻмүүʹǿӦ꼸䣬ôƫƫԽڸмӣµ֡
ڵͷվ˹٣ͷСɹǰ·Ҳ֪׿ƽһ˽ȥˣβ󷽷һ
ֿ˿ƽ½һۣƹͳҽȥɡ
ãͽȥĲӡƽҲ⣬һǣ˽ȥ˵ڴݣлһϣȴﶼȥá
СЩΪѣ˵ˣֻһ˽ȥͷϵʵھˡȴͻȻηˡ
½ȵҡ
Сáһû꣬½ӺͻƽѾ˽ȥȥѾˡ
ۺţ
¹ãһԺɳɳɫ¹ҲӰи㣬ڵһһ˸ζ
۲ҲԺӡ
Сȥһ侫µľ£ְڳһѲߣںС¯ˮԴȥ벻ʦ
һˮȣ裬֮ʣ嵾ͱһڹˡ
ž΢΢һλ
һӽˣˣӦ΢΢һ㣬ȴһĵȻ
һмβˮӱﵴȴоʹ
ĿҲҲ᲻뿪Сݵ
Ĵ֮ʱСƤףȻЩԵԽĸ
ϴһøɫƴӶɵİˮ£ɫʰ쵣ͬһֻƶ˵ȸһֳķϡ
ټҲκȱ٣ԱߵĻƽ̲סȲһһµŮӣ
ڶг̾ȴһ˿¡
ʵϣ̫࿴ŮˣҲֻ֡Ǻεݵҿ˵ģʲô˵ʲôȫȻûй˼ɡ
С΢΢һЦлɿ佱
ƽԵͷȻŮ󷽣д֮
½һģֻ⿴СһۣͼͷȲ裺ò裬úȡ
ȣģô·ʵòС
½òŮûʲôоһͲ󣬶ӳö٣òʲô˼Ůԣһ̲ø
װͬ嵹ϵһģҲһʦȴǿɬиں嵶ѽ嵶ߵǰˡ
ͻȻһĸо
СҲ۵ȴǰ˹ӵӣɵַϧ֮ʵ̫࣬ѧ٣ôͷѧ𡣡
ǣָһ
Сͷֱߵڿ˹٣˼һһ۵ش
ô˵ӣǧȴ˵óڡ
ֻ񣬺ҵѧ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬СͻȻüͷһ壺⹫ӣˡƽͣĲΰϣ
̾Ϣһʱ̣УõֹˮԲҲܡ
С΢΢һͣãĵҪȵһ湫ӵϢһɷ١ƽһʲôడ벻ˡ
һ
С˵ͷصоһ˿˿㣬ڵҲƽ
ʱѾ裬̩ͨˣɺˮȴһվȣȥԺﴵ硣ʹ˳ȥ
ںС㻥࿴һۣһϾǸëﾲɱͷܡ
˲͸˵ķ֮УûаϢֻǿںС¯ϵպŰ
Сһֲ״ħͨ䵽Уƽ͵š
ȻԹٲ̫ͨ˰죬ͻȻ֣ȴڲ֪Щ仯ӹɽڵɷȴ𽥱ůĴ磬̲ݣ컨᲻
ٻͷȥǻ̫Ѿ֧°ϣ֪ʲôʱѾ˯ˡ
ڱЩȴȻѣ촽΢΢˶Ҫ˵
Сȴ˰ͷۿȴЩʪˡһ䣬ùŷ簻Ȼ
ϸһȴǡݳ桷
ݳ棬ڌڌ󮣻
δӣ硣
ȼֹֹ򽵡

RRУ
ı
ûмǾӣ
˼潹ꡣ

ѡԡʫط硷дһ˼Զսϵɷ򡣵͵صأ˵˼֮Ҵ󵨶ֱӡ

ɽԲާ
δӣĐ
ȼֹֹ˵
ڽ۾ˣˮȴ治סתȴθкֻñҲˣҲˡ
С㵯Σͽ˽β֡
ɽԲޱ
δӣ˱
ȼֹֹġ

Ѽ

ҵƽˡ
ǰֻҪܼһ棬оƽˡǶҳİ
ĬĬվƷдڲ棬վһҾһлʦָ̣ࡣһҪȥҲһжġʹ˸𡣡
ã͵⹫ԲԺвٹѧϰ
Ͼԣڱصá
С¶ο֮ɫҲһٲ˵
ҪȥˣʱһֱԱ˯ĻƽͻȻ۾
ŷ̫۾ȫǾ⣬ﻹа˯ʵӡƽղһֱװ˯
һݣǸ˾
ڿԻȥˣʱ򻹸ϵü̷ǱߵĻ𣿡½Щġɿ˿ɫ֪Լһʡ
Ѿ쵽ҹˣڴԼǺϾŵҡ
˶˯ϰߣǹٳÿ賿ĵͻ𴲣ȥŵîˣϾŵʮҪϴ˯˶
½ǺţҲͬĹء
Ҳˡ
ղ۵ôʱ䣬ʱǱߵĻӦѾɢˡ
½Ҳûа취ʹںͻƽ½
ƽҲǹԾؽͣһͷһƧС
½½Ҫںͻƽȴһŵسһͣ½ſڣһƬ
Ϳ½͢¼ߵشӳ


158 һѾͰ
˹Ǻȶ˾ƣã˵Ҳ
͢Դһ³һߵ½ڽϵż֮ϿνǴŹʰһƪǽһչ֮£˵һȥ̷ֻһۣ׵һߣֻЦЦȴ㣬òõġ
ƫƫ½һд̷꣬ڴ˾۾һĸӷȥض꣬᲻ý۾Ųϣס佱˵½ҵǧԣ̷Ǻεʿ֮ˡҶй⡣
½һȣϲŭɫɽʵڵ⣬ִž⣬شЦһƪʶѣк֮У̧־дˡ˵Ժ࣬üáҿúòã˭Ҳ֪д˾յͬһԣδؾͻ䡣
һЦΪзθ
ԱҲ̾Ϣ½ƽ￴һ֮磬һȴЩ
͢ЦǰδؾǰǣԹŷ꣬½ֵ£͢
½Цϣͷ͢£ҲùάңյҲò˸ڶȻ̷һǧԵޣ͢㲻Ҳ̷˻ǭпʣǵһģƪҲ˸ϼѵĿҲҪ׾һԣ
˵ԣ½˹֡
͢Ҳлϲ½֣ҵȻǼõģ͵ү㲻ϴˡ
һʱΣ͢¿ڲԡ
ڿ־ĳ̬зߵ½ҲߣҪŤͷ뿪
ƽͻȻǰ˺ȵסڣʲôϴ˵ʲô
ǳеһˣ˵֮Ȼһϡ
½ֶһ
ͬʱתͷͷں½ּƽһ˴硣
͢¿ǳ½еģ˼йĿ֮ܡ֪ͷ½ҵˣּͬں½һʱΪͷڵļˣɫдűģʵϲʲôǰ͡
ƽţΪʵڣˣ˵ٹ˲ö˵ͳ
㣡ƽʲôʱܹ裬ûָ͢°Ҳ˵
ڴ֮ǺЦסЦ⣬ǰȥ͢²ҪˣλҼˡ
Ǽܳʲôö͢Цһô϶
ֲָͣŻƽģҲһͨˣѵ㻹һ졣ҿйģ˷ûȶʮ
תͷЦŶ½½֣ߣͷȴˣҺȺȣʵɶ㿴õΣ
½Цˣ˳츮Ȼڵ䵽ԼȴǶ϶ϲܷŹˣܳһڶ
ңں½ͬʱг
½ӣǰŹˡ
ؽƽ
£ǲҵġƽȴ侲΢Цʾÿ
ȻߵǶǰ½ӣֹӣҪͷȥ˳츮ţǲ塣ֻ£浱˹ϣǶȴҪˡ
ʲôøūţ˵͢´ǳ⡣
½ֻһм
ʱһͻȻʲôǰЦǲץģ浽˹ãǶ˸ղ˵ʲôϴģҿɶм죬оֻʥ˼ξһƬ졣ȴ˵ʲôԣ죬ʲô길ӲȴҪҹ⣬ڲ⡣壬£Ǿȥ˳츮һ⡣
ƽ͵ؿһۣĵСӹȻ˵ʲô֪ѧʸߵҲ˵ԣ˹ٳҲǸ˵
⻰½ͬ͢ʱϱɫ亹£ˡ
һ򵨴½Ҳ˵
ƽǰץס½ֶ˵֣ͺȣߣȥ˳츮Ҫ³Ҳԡ
һץֻͬһǯסٶ÷ֺ
һ뵽µغ˵ҵز
⣬˵˵ȴ治Ļ˵ĹȴǱסˡˣñʮ߽ˣҲҪܵǣ
Ȼھ½ſڣֻһм˹Ԯǣʵֻ̫½Ҳǣִˣע⡣
Ҫ
Ҫ
ſǻٲյŽ
½Ҳ֪еæڸ磬ϾҵĴ磬ܷܲһ壬Ҵ粻ԣһذɡ
Ȼʹ쳣Ͳûƽܹúһӹ飬ȴܲ
ˣˣҸһССĽѵԺʰǣ
ȻģڻǶԻƽ壬㿴¡
ƽһЦ쿴ҼҹϣҲǲһأ
ʲô˵͢Ƥ½Ҫ࣬æʡ
ƽȣҼҹӣõǸǺÿˣû׼һãһҲ˵
ȻȻ͢Ǵˣ⹫ԭ
û⡣ƽèϷĿ⿴ǡ
ֽ͢е⹫ӣؿĴʱֵϣԭû취ֻ̧֪ܽˡ
͢½ˣȴϴȴһɥ
ã̬Ȳͷ㡣ƽ͢ɿȴץס½ˡ
½Ǻε԰֮ˣֻͷȴ˵һ仰
Ŷȥ˳츮ˣô߰ɣ
Ҫ͢ڹֶ֣½½֣£ͷһɣ
ֲߣ˵ֲ˵ôƽһ
½βֹһҵȴˡ
û壬˵ʲôƽⶺ
ҵȴˡ½̧ͷ۶裺֣һʱʧԣնҲв
£ƽطſ½֣ɣ
ųȥӰͺһ㣬˼衣
ֻĿɿڴҲŲ
ǰƽһЦڣó˶ܲΪȻͷӽһôĻ˰ɣ
ڹһЦʹ죬ʹ죬л½ֶܵһѾͰˡ
ʵҲ֣ûڡƾ˵Ǿ仰㲻Ҳǧֶʰǣͷӱ㺰һ壬ȻҪǰѳһڣһ𣬺ǺǣԼ˱۸ˣǶ϶ϲܽȥġ
룺˭̫һˣҲҲ̫ˣ
ˣ˵ѧΣƽͻȻʡ
Щ֣ϻʲô
ƽϾԣ𣿡
ڣǵѧʺܺãиӦòѡ
ôʿأ
룬ش˵Ͳ˵ˣʿѶȼ󣬽ʱ˺ͣҪãһξܹˣãٿʮʮҲһɽ
ţ½ҵȨƣȻӵôײʽؿȥȸıλȻһ£ҲӵǶЩ
ƽǴһ˿Ц½ָӣ㶼ǰˣʧ˳衣ӵͷӣµø˵


159 ʲô
½ڼһһ·˵֮ⷬ󣬹ǻƽѾЩƣ룬Ͼʮˡϵÿ죬ο̫ͨҪЩ
ǣ̫ͱ۾ͷڳЪ
ڲ㶶ȣ
ֹ˺һӣ͵ڵլӡ
λƽҲûرܣֱóסţҡڵڽլȥˡ
ӵ˶ڣû˯ڴ糿ȥڻûؼңôҶЩġ
ڻȻⲻһͨԹ
ЦЦ˵ӣʰдϴ·ҹƻһӡûʲô°ɣ
һӣôˣЩ֣ʡ
ڵûԣѧǱҲȥˣʵȥѧҲѧʲôҲֵ࣬úܡҸط徻һ£úõؽǰڵѧɳЧȥѧȴࡣҸղڳ˼Ƨĵۣ׼ʳЩӡλǵϻƣҹġ
ָָƽ
Ҳ֪֮ǰѧǷ񶼻ҸƧĵطϰΣǰϾʱſ󷲶ˣϲҸ˴ĵطѧʡľ۶ǶˣЩ˵вμӻʦľӡɽ֮Ҳûؼңھס׼μ֮Ľʿƿԡ
ŴĽͨľǲμӿʼ·Ͼ͵õꡣԽؼңֵð꣬ؼҴ߰˸£ٴȥǿԡһһȥ·ϵĹʹˣҲԲֿࡣ
ԣƫԶľ֮󣬴ѡھǣһ߶飬һߵŲμһԡ
Ϊ˽Լܶ˶ѡһƫƧԺߵס¡
һס¹۵һܷŵ顣
ԣ˵λʱӲ֣ñˡ
æͷԺﺰһ֦죬﹫׼Ҫٵ˫ˣˢˢӺҲôϡ
õģȥŮӦһæˡ
Ӻֿ꣬˻ƽһۣס壬ҼҹӴСӾͲãǸģȥա
˵ͲסϹȻɿضˮ޽ûƽĨ
ƽëĨһЦŶ˵⹫ӣСѾͷǲĲ𣬿ѽ
ͿǾе岻ס
СʱЩںöˡӦһһ£˲ûƽԱߣŶԶ˵˶ӣղȥСˣ׼ĶѾȥˡ
Сˣúúá˫ֺʮ𣬿ɿƽԱߣΪǸʿֲ˼ؽַӣС˵Щʲô
ڿЦһ仰Ҳû˵ĺˣͦõġ
ѹ½ã֪ʲôʱܹף빫ӳס
ףƽĿһһ
һû˵Ӿͳ̾СҲ࣬ҼҹСͶ׵ġǰһӴϾĴΪӭȢƼСġϧƼһ£Ҳ֪ʲôʱ
ڿЦŶԻƽƹҵ½͡
͡Ա̺ŵɫ΢䣬ǰһֱվԱ߲֨仰֮󣬾еĲԣĿ
ӲΪʶʲôףֿʼ߶㲻ǽ®鰡ʲôʱ
⵹ûشȨɲϡԷʲôطɲ߾ߵĵض
˻ƽһۣƽ죺ҹֲȥʲôʱˣԻǡ˵Ͼԣ֮ǰҲûڲǡ
͵͵һ̫仰ԼҲûʲôɵĵġ
¾±Ҳû취μӡ
ȴ룬ԱߵԽͷβ߶û뿪ƽ
æµ˰죬ӺŮ㽫ڵճþ׼׵ͳԺ
յſʱ̲סֲ֡Ϊ֪سƽץȥЦҹڣСıˤˡ
һץݷǳͻȻ֣һ˿Ƶķ
ִȥӲצۡ
ȥԭǻƽֲ֪ʲôʱȭͷôյԼצУݺݵػġ
϶ȻгԾ
ͬʱƽЦ⺺ټ汻ץУ𣿻ãͷһͣҲ¶𡣡һץ쳣汻ץУֻҪˡ
˵꣬ƽȭͷһ͡
ֻоһɴӿ籼ӿĺ㲻赲
£д󺧣ͷգѾǳһˣݼ̹˧ֻڲ֮䡣羢ԣԲ˼ƴΪԵ֡
̫ս٣һʹᾢŽƽ⵽ˡ
ƽһЦȭͷгŵڼȭе˼
һ˦ӣͬ
ںͶӵ˲֪ڱδĵһУ˸ƽɫ
ֹУʵֻһС˲Ϣ֮䣬С
ֲʮغϣӽͷ򵽽βŪͷѪģåŹ
ڸ𣬶ҪԺӣȴüͷվſڡ
һѣԺŰˡ
˰ͷӽȻȥɣҪٴ̫ȣ˯š
ãȻȥˡ
ȶӻԺȥҧҧһţһƵسķ׷ȥ
ڼ˵ˮϴ˰ƽࡣ
һɻؿڣڣŮûŵӣ½۵Ǹɹã
ڵͷҲԼͬƼҵĶԹǣӵβ˵һ顣
ƽ꣬˵ͷԭƼѾǰ˻ˣҲд飬ҲáѧڣǰƽƼҾһȴǸ鷳β˻⡣㣬ȴҪգοգ
ɫν˻ҲãдҲã֮һЩССĲ죬ʲôƼɸҲͰˡ˼ѣȴΪԼһССǰ̣ӶҲ˶ʥ顣
ڣʵϣĿѾС㵱ҵӡ룬ǻƹļҲ˴ѣ𣿡
ˡˡƽȴĪԼСʱΪĸ˫ɾΪ̰ͼӵӣԼȥ
ԼҲôˣ䵽ҵ³
ڲ֪ƽʲôŵһŮˣô¡¿ΨһܹľڡΪʲôԸ⣬ССһǰ̣ʲô
һ仰ƽУһ̾Ʋڿֻûǰ̣ҪҲõȵ˹ٸŻȥܵôʱ𣿡
ڣȻҪȡ
ѵáƽȦȴЩˣҵΪʲôûôһˣǲƽ
ڣǸ֡


160 дһƪʣϾҪ
û뵽ȻôԶᴩǡ
ôģȻϣСʱϵĺˮȪˮһӿҲһһ
üΣ̲סҪֱ̱ͣڵء
ǰҲ类ܿˡ
˵Ҳ֣ÿޡľʱһ˵ʹӵﴦӿ
ʱ̨һƬҲƽȡ
ž̫ȭɣڼȭĺɻ档
˰죬ԽԽľ
ҹıӦѾˣͨϰڽܣ˳츮۳׽á
ɴͷβ϶徻úܣҲû߶š
⾿ôˣͷ𣬽ŲһңͿǰ
ǰһƬƻͨһƬ԰֡
԰ſڶóͦذļʿ
ſڵʿҲ赲ûзһ죬ͬʱǽȥ
ǡ̧ͷһۣͿֱΡĹǽ
Է򡭡үסĵطͷһͬһҲ
ǰЩͷϿ
ͷ߻ӣ̾ۼ֮ǳ٩̸Σ̸𱱾ǵ̳ţǴ˵ͬۼһ֡ͷЩ죬ʵͬˣҲָơ
ǰһúͼŷһͻһʱһŷָһƬԺӵ˵ԷүЪŵĵط
ʱ֣ʻʵ۲סʹôסض
ǽŷÿ˵Ŀ⿴һۣش˵ʹǵطʵ̫֣ү򼧡ǧʲôգȻҪҸĵط
ʱʹؿ˻ʹһۣ룺ʵסĵطҲ֪ǺεȵĹ⾰ݳ޵εȵĳ̶ȡ
ӡȻ빬⣬⣬⣬ʲôĴԵߵүߡǵģ϶Ǽүˡ
վԶֻȼһŻǽԺ

˵ڽԷȥ˼ξʵ۾ס
ƽڰһ䣬ס£˵һʱԿȥݿд壬Ȼ̺Ҫʲô˵һˡͻ˾Էֵ
ȴýкסԼլˡ
Ϊûʲô˯⣬ɽ̧ͷȥϺƹһƬҹϨط˻ʵ۵ס˾ڸֵ
ʵϣԴڻʵ۳סڴʼ˾ڸǾͶᵽϰࡣڻʳֻʣͨԱһ֮ҲѵȥΡ
ۣǵ𣿡ڿĵƺʧЦ
ڶ磬Ҳ޳ȥֻֽݡ
һţͷģūʹ̫ȥȥæµţ鼮˽
һʣиС̫ش˵˵ˣҪμӽ˳츮ԣƽռҲɻķ˹ΣҵЩƽռҲϰΣõǰ̡
ַ˼飬һȴǳһɶѰѵһĵ˳츮ͱֱԵľӣ˼ӡҳϻ񲿺Լ鵵ʱӡǡ
ġעȻҲС
͢ڻԵľҲУʵǲĲοϡ
һֶȻϲ
ϧڶⶫȴð⿴˼žӣͷŵһߡĿ֣Ҳòŷô׵ؿ
Թ緹˱裬˰ĥīдʯͷǡ
Ҳдִ֣ϳһ鿴ҳȻдϼ֡
еӣʵٶȴǼ졣
ʱѾдһǧֵĴ½ڡ
дʱԱȻһ̫¼Уԡ
һһдǸ̫໹۵ùꨡ
ʱʵڼֲȥֻһˡ
һھȻдһ֡
һ죬ξδ֣ЩССʧ
Ա߰æУ¼̫˵һֱھС˼ҷԸ߸дãʹȥ
ڶ죬ξˡҲֻߴƬ̣һ۸ӣȻתˣͷβҲû˵һ仰
ֹգξͬڽ
ǻƽÿ춼̺ξʵۣһпվӣȻͬļѧʡ
ͨƽģҲûջٶ֮Ǳ˸塣
ͬͷ˵Щ˼еһССȤɡ
һգдӣеغŲ衣յΣʱǻƽ֮ʱӦùԼˡ
ɽȴǼξҲû̫š
װŲ֪ݵӣǷǷӣɳ
ξһҲκα飺ڣϾҪˣ˵ûκ׼
Ҫ׼˿Ŀǡڻش
ξһ̣㵹ġˣһ顣
˵
ξĸѾʮ߻ ԰ԲԶٹʡԪ
΢һ˼ЩԾдôˡ
ξдʵ̫죬˺졣ˣдԺеòдģǽ
ڴԲѵص˵ͷȻ
ãĺܺãξһạ̇̄Ĵָһ䡣̬֮ӳġΪΪæµ籾㣬Ȼһ׷ȴ޷ϡ룬ʫ⣬⣬ǲɹ⾰
΢΢һЦʵµҲգҲգֻܵͷ飬նɾ硣νٺ£綬ѩ¹ͷ˼ʱڡ
ξĿͻȻ˸ԵѧҲоɣ
ڰͷûʲôʶǰСʱĸ׶𾭣ЩˡʵҲõҲգײǶһʶ˼룬ҴڡκˣκνŵУʵһʶ磬йɡȻѳ޵УȻ֮ޡˣŵôڡ
˵գ֤ǺΣǧʵ໰ˮƿ
һˮƿξһ𣬡ȴñĶҡħϮգվ͵ȥҴϢ
˵꣬һӺصްڣֱš
е⣬֪Լһмξ⣬Ѿڻʵǰ˸졣
һܼڵģҸС顣
ֹһʱƽһϲɫĽҲϻڣддΣ
ڰȻС
ƽһ˾ͺã򡭡򡭡дһƪʣϾҪʱռϲԣҪ̺


161 £ϳ԰ݼ
̺ֻƽҧּأһۡ
ξһͨʿҲûʸָʹôһйĶˡ
ڽٳ˾ҲûȨ
̺ֶӦǳ߶Ӧ
ڱĪԷڵ֪Ǽξʵ֮ҲǾ֪һĪĻԵúһ仰ץסˣٷܶʮꡣ
ΪһִˣһȻǿ͸ˡ
ǣξʵ֮ԽԼԷΪԼǰһӶϸ̫ݣʵڵȲȥˡС˵ֶڹҲһǲǲô֮áξϲԼĹ£ĿУҲһĻƷλҲʦʲôĸôһ㡣
ʵϣҲһ㡣ҲǼξʵǰһիʱ򣬴⿴һ۾ߣҲǰֻҪͳɣ˿û¡
ǰͬξ̸˰üξˡ
Լдһƪʣлûκκ塣
ʷϼأξʵ讲ĲżҲûκִĳڼǿʮ겻ϳһáԡ½ĴȨһβ󲻵һɫȥˡ
Ҳ֪ԼıʵڲôͲ׳ˡ峯Ǭ¡ʵۣдĶƨͨƫƫǿҵıһдǧʫѾȫʫܴȴûһסˣдʫʯΪͣʮͰʮʱղȣһʫʵ̫࣬ʽ
ѧʱڵʦһǬ¡ǧʫͲס¿ˮ˵ѧôô㣿ǧʫÿдһףҲһꡣһһʫǷӾǰ׳ա
¾ڿǬ¡Ҹоʵ̫ãдôʫûԼһѧʷŨīزʵĻһʣһС
ξʵۣһҲ֪իƫƫûдһƪʡǲԸʵдãͲˡǻʵۣıʺõ˴ѣֺαطǸԶʣ
֪ôģڵ˼ͻȻƮǸԴɿġʮȫˡϣ̲סһЦ
Ȼʻƽд𣿡
һ˵ڣڲŷԼ˵˻æһ¹ڣվƹǰͷ·
Ҫдֽϣɰ
ɰֶɲã˵Ҳû
ʰͣƽǰš
ڵ˼ֻص棬ԼξǰԼ䲻ȵ̬ڲûиξº̵ӡ
ܹһƪʳһģ
Լдһƪʻֻ֮٣ɶ˵ȴһ׮ĪɲɣͿˡ
ôдһƪʲôĶأ
ҲʣΪģضʹóġġġϲͬҲǲͬá
뵽Ų
ƽ쵽ڵ⣬ͨʱĽӴ֪ôģһĪĺøС
ٶö˲һƪġ
һĴںʱũڡʱǷ죬ȵʱʱȴǻһꡣ˵ũµףҲûʲôׯڡˣϷˮӦÿʼոˡǴɹӣҪ̫ˮԽԽãôȥꡣ
ɻ󣺡ǲȱˮɣҲûʲôׯҪȡ
ƽС󡣡
˵껰ٴμӿ˽Ų
һԴһҵǺͿˣСũѮ֡꣬طͲȱˮʲôطˡ
ģġһߣһ߳Ҫ˵ĵһƪ塷趫ʱƪϣڼģҲŪ
ǵüƪʴʵָĵصڡҪд׺ʱεأҪΪʲôط꣬á
˼䣬ƽʹڽ˼ξסľᡣ
ξʵ۵ľλһƧԺסݻкܳһξ롣
Ҳסһʱ䣬˲ܳ⣬ûʲôƣֻһ޵Ժӡ
ʵһٸӣҲ
ֻԼûӽԺӣͱˡ
߰ʱξʵۺһֱûȥʵϣСԺѾ˴Ҫĵط
˵Ҳ֣Ժﾹûһˣ
ֻԺſվСʿҲǹͺͺ°ͣһǹ̫ࡣ
Ҳǿװǵۣ˶ôۣǼξء뵱꣬һᵽȥϳĹԱŵۣͷҶڣһ̫͵Ūۡǵõʱڸ׸Դ󶯸λ𣬺ݺݵͬξȺһܣΪʧ˷ʡҲǽᣬһٰ
֮ǰڲֹһξʵ۰칫ĵطʲôģ
ҪôûʵҪôһͨģӡʵͦϲ߼˵ģǴ绹ʹõĪˡ
߽һȴͬȫͬ
ǰһܿտķ䣬ҲûʲôһţԱ߷һֻյ̴ͭ¯ǽĵطһܴĳϵ빶ѻɽ
ȫţ硣
Ŵţȵܡ
ڸһݣһͬʵһʱһ󺹡
ǻƽҲܣǵĺˮڵƹҫ˸һƬ
ڱΪʵӦϴǣû뵽һţһžž졣̧ͷȥξʵڳǰشһ߳ĺḷ̌۾ȴ䵽ϵʱϣȴͣЪ¼ʲô
̵ĻʵۣôҲЩΥͣЩӦҡҷĵƹУξʵһƣ룬ͷϾ˼ơ㱼䣬λеǸϻơ
ڹ̺ƽǰȥС档
ǺȣľȻξҲ̧ͷæͣ
ƽʾվһߺţȻŵسȥš
ϵ·Ѿȫˮ͸ˡ
ٿǼξȴһʮʱĺۣͷÿһ˿
һͲòˡ
ȴҲ֪ʵ۵ֻǲɵġ٣֮еµĹѾɥʧڷýйذɣ
Żʵרע̵ӣǺЦ٣С¸ͲһʵӦġ
һξ뵽һＸʮ겻£ڹװŪǸʵϤǶʷ˲֪Ȼô겻ϳĿ֧ȴʵ۶ڲһֺ޷飬һ俪ЦĻ˵ξ𣬴Ļ鶼ǰ裬ʵ϶ɻʵۼεġ
ҲΪһְѳֲȨҲŵȶչ
ֱǸͿȨ·ŵ֮Ϳʼò
峯ʵһ˵ĵĵ˵һ䡰̰ƺɫϵسͷˮʵ峯ʵ۵̰֮й֮޲ֻ峯ʵҪǮʱ򲢲Ŭ߹֣ʡ̯ɣҪˣҪԺӣӡǮӺ˭㣬ǮˣٶҲҪˡ
½ϵһöȻ䵽֯ͽ֯ͷϣѩͬѧ游Ϊ濵ͬ־ǷһծȵӺ׷ʱ򣬲ǽǽͲƨˡû취ϡ
ΪǷ˹˰ѱܼҺǳ
峯ʵ۲ǲҪǮҪǮ಻ʡңǮ֮ͷˣ޳ܵȳ̶ȣҲǾˡ
ʵ۰Ǯ٣ɶŹеöˡǵԴҲǻׯ˰ṵ̂ա
ʵʱö·ˡ
ΪʲôôأǰһʷʱҲԽԽͿ
վ˴Լʱں䤱ȵöˮˡ
ͣξʵ̾һ̧ͷؿͷϵ微ˮƿܴﵽǰ㾳磿
̾꣬ξĿŲ䵽ϣ±Ҫ꣬ɻдիʱʣ
ڵǼǵüƪģȴ֪ϲá
æǰĻڵд¡ֻд֮ǰŪҪΪʲôطİ˲źʡо仰ţճ꣬ȴ硣쳯ظ켫ɵϲ꣬ĵطȻõˮ󣬿еĵطҪˡ
ξͷˣȻһͨףճ꣬ȴ硣дúã
ξ۾ģ־绹飿
֪Լ˵ʧ˿ڣΪʱûܶʫ͵ʶʵʷϴͬҲЦ
ʫԼ˵ġ֦ʡһװʫȻ԰ڡڻʵǰʫҲ̫ʣֻ֧˼䣬˵ĴҥԸȥˡ
ξһΪʫǰס֤ǺΣǧʵ໰ˮƿͷǳԺĴѧʿǻúãҲֻȼɣ
˵֣ʵ¶һ˿񣺡ʲôĶдġ
ξڣƪΪݰġ
Ҫϸ˵ȥȴ̫ϣڱչأ㲻ܽȥ
һ˵͵𣺡꣬ϳ
ʵ۵ɫɭ
Ҳɫ䣬һֱװŲ֪ξʵݵӣͻʵ֮ҲĬúһ仰ԹΪĿĵĽ
ĵ鷳ˣ


162 ͻȻһ
Ǹ鷳
ͷһξǰһֱװųһͨ˵ģû͸¶ԹΪӵݡҲѡʯͷǡд֮ͳˣҲѹϵŪ̫ӣ֮ġ
ϾͷҪ٣ֻпƾ·ߡ
ĵ˻ʵ۵Ļģ˽ʿʵȻЯ
Դˣ֪Ҳ˵ơֻڻʵĿǰ֣ϣһõӡ
иʿ˵Ҳʲô£ʱһЦһоڲУȫһμѻҲʵĵλ
ԵͻȻ룬һжŪˡ
ڲ֪Իʵۣһȥֻĳ˻д鷳
һɲֱ
۽ǵ⿴ȥĿǼξɭɭı顣
һݣʵۿɲƲ磬˼άҲأʲô鶼ó
ԭϸϣɡξȴŭ⡣
ǡһŶƷ˳˽ҪݣξȴָֻԱߵĽա
ҲǺ棬ʰ飬ʷĴ鳼ȥʵ˵һǳûкøУҪɹһʱָʾζεھصɱӡʵڿɶ
һȴһŶǴ
Եͷͺ붼ˣɷǣʱ϶һӡ
л¡ڽϣûڣξʵ۾͵˵¥ˣˣڼҲԷˡ
⻰˵ÿ̶˼ǣͱôһ©ӣҲ鷳ѾǸ⿪㱾Ӧüβ˲ǣôǰգⲻǱ˴Ҳ
ԻһƽģлϧȺǳȵĹݴ󺵣Ƿگһ֣ʽս¡ݼ̹ܴͬССʮ̣սڹؼ֮¡֣ӣӰˣǰȴ鷳
ξȴһЦ·ع˲ˣ˲ˣ
ӳһ빣ߵߣݹȥݴ󺵵ΣдţԼһµƪʸд
ž۰ɣԴЩľӹȥһǷܶİ˰Ӽ˵Ǵȥ궬쿪ʼû¹ѩԺˮٵÿۼžҪֶСˣɵﶼɵ˿ӣ볯͢ٲ֧ԮһСգշʳؽ䡣
ξʵ۵ʾܼ򵥣ҲֱףŻˣ׼
ͷҳʲôӣ֪ǰ쳣һһ
ƪˣ˻ʵ۵⣬˽ʿܴã򣬾ԼԵٺãʵһˣⱲӣڼξʵǰԼҲûгͷ֮ա
ɳʲôȥźأ
Ǳ˲٣Ҳǵüƪ
ⶫ٣һƪҲ֣滹˺ܴ󹦷ġ
Լǵо󲿷ֶдòôܶ໹ͨʿƷ
Ȼ޷򶯼ξģҪͳá
ڲǲ׾ʱˡ
ʵ仰ųٶ۵̧ͷһۡսʱûڣΪǹһС̫ࡣڶȥȴ촽һȦĺ룬ҲԣȻ⳼
ܹڻʵ̺⳼ôû˵ٳô
ϸһݣʵдʣǴк֡һ񲻰һˣ
ʱѾӣ˫ַȻõݵشѾˡ
ξʵйһô죬á
ҲˣѾشӽվ£ݴ󺵣ļ١Ҫ̳ЩһɳִʡŲˡ
ŶҲдʣܺãдˡξЩ⣬ǰһհ˱ʹܱͬѵԡΪͷģ벻ȴһֲᣬҪдһƪΪꡣ
ʵжԵȴ࣬ɫҲÿࡣ
ԵʣʵۻǺģһĲŷǳãдĶÿÿⰵϡ
ǰӵ֮ܶ󣬻ʵ۾һʣҪӼǲǸ̳Ϊꡣ
дʵڲô룬ƽ˵ڻдֶæ
ȻԶӧдʿǾʱ俼ģġڣддҲҪ
䵭ؿһۣ°ɡ
ˣüͷа룺ôˣĳصˣͻȻľ߻鷳


163 ռ
ǣξʵѾԼˣȴǲˡ
µڣ֮ǰ˭ֻ֪Ϊʱ䣬̫ԭܱһŪͷãֱʵѵأЩĸо
ռڳ֮һ죬ȨȫԻʵۣͬνҲôгһ費٣Щ󳼲侮ʯǹ˼ˡ
ԶȨһǳУ֪ǷǳʱڣٲִС
һÿݴ󺵵ӣһ֪ԼĻˡ
ڸôҲ벻һð취
ʵϣԲһ͵ĹţԼǼһ£µϯĺͶ⡣
Ͼǰָϡ֮£ֻȥڲϵ
۶ӴԲڴ
ϸȥӵʱڴϿۡеۡһӣֱڣ״ٵûʵ۶裬ݴһûᡣȻˣ͢ȻãӱȻիꡣ
ĻжǮֻ»ʵҲúܣѾˣͼǮҪ±±ضҪظס
ի¼дʵ˶ˣ˭дù
˵꣬ЦһһƬͷ³һҳֽݹȥֻ轫ֱˣصۡ
֪һ򲻷ԼԼܹ֮õʵ۶裬ΪԼ׽дʣ⡣
ǰһӣ𽰸ʱڴûв롣ȻŪˣϼŪΣյľء
ȻȻû˵۾ĲȴԶ׼ġ
ĬĬӹʣҲ飬һƵܽԷ

ǡھ㲻Ҳˣݵغˣȴһת
һߺˣһߵȻиʣȻ׳󣬷򣬻ǡʯͷǡż԰ԲԶˡ
ʵʱ俴ʯͷǡζǰͬ۹ֱ񱻸ʿǰֳΪԺд
ôһ˵һͻȻǰдסˮƿʫдȻҲСʫ䣬ԾдǱһʣȴ֪˭ʤ˭
ǺǡξͻȻЦڣ£Ҳдƪʰɡ
ʵ仰žȵؿһۣɫдһ˿衣
һɣֻҪ¾лᣬҲڽıѹһͷڲһССţθڸǰ׳󡣡
һжԤ֮УԼξˣҲĥ˺üˡԸǿƫ¯ࡣϲ£һɴһɣ´໥ƣԼƽ⡣
Ϊһ֣ǻ͢͡һһ˼ӶصϡеùĻԸӡ½ܣĪʱľӢ
ʵʷνϲƺ⡣໥ò¾һźŻԸʵۡ
ΪһöˣξʵȻԴ֮һȤͲñܡ
֮ıԣҲһССĳͻξʵȻϷ
һ㣬ǰס˻ʵ۵˼һ֮£Ȼˡ
ξһڣż۵ǲѧߵֲͣǿ˭Ĺٴ󡣷򣬴Ҵһ飬ԱţţǽʿƷǶƷԱҲñˡԣ˵ǲɴڸһƪˡ
ЩΣԼǣֻֻ꣬һƪʾǣдöˣֻ²ס
о仰˲֣һƪкηξһ˵ϲԲ𣿡
ƿԡ
ξƽ
ƽæܽүūڡ
ξ̳ɣ̺޸¡ˣҲѡʵָָԺڡ
ǡƽΪ˲ؿһۣϴһ˿Цݡ

ܿ죬̳ϣơ
ںԶϵۣͷϴҶɵĵڣֱͦվ̳ǰ
ξʵҲʿ磬ͷȴһƽڣͦε壬г֮⡣
ԣ԰ףһɷǡ
ξһۣȴ괽ݰף׳ƫƫáǼ۱ЩԵþܸɡͶ㣬ݲȣһ֮
ξðԵͷӺžЩ·
ֽɰѾ׼ˣһʽݣ̳Ҳϡ
ƽһȺ̫඼ϵۣԱ߹ĵ˰죬ŵүԿʼˡ
ξͷԣڣͬʱдɡ
Ҳƴǣһǰȥʾһдȥѽдƪʱ졣
Ҳͬʱǰٶд
һƪֵдϣͬʱʡ
㣬ȼһء
£ξһǴסžߣдһƪʣӹ˼ôʾ䣬ٵдͣҲ軨һ⾰ôѵںŪ޵ġȴҲҡ
ȴ֪ǰ׼
ѾҲһʡҲ˼ʾУȫѹ
к棬ξԵĸӣֻһۣкáϸϵĶһ㾫ϿڣЩڽ˼
νʣǵҼʱдģʽޣݲޣؼǴʾҪȴԲʽ֣غ
ˣһдʣġ
ȻҲʫġ峯סִף೾ɰȰ칫ضӣһ˲šĳ˵Ҳһʡ
ų֮İӣǰǽơĳСϱȻ磬ȴͬʱˣˮ׼߳Ĳһǰ㡣
ƪɱǰˮ׼ξֻһۣоͻϲУããã

Ȼصط¯ռϲԡ
ʵ۵Ŀ佱ԴΪ⣬üβסϲɫ
ԼڻʵĿеĵλֻˡ
ȴȥȴòϣԵƪдǲʵ̫ˡϧʾȻȴûݣն̸
ҪӮҲװ
£аԵС
򶨣ͻȻһͻȻоһЩ
Ҫ֪ܹ̺ʵ۵ʿ಻ǷƷѧȻҪõģټϼξǸϲ֮ˣ˵ıҲϼѲܵġ
ԣڴǰܹڴڻʵ۵ѧ֮ʿһĴţҲǸԺޡ
Ҳ򵥡
֪дΣǷȵҶ
ԵĸӣξѾǳˣڷʣֻƬ̣üչˣ۾ˡ
Ĭ죬Ȼ³һ
˳ִյϵˣ¯
˾ٲһҲЩⲻˡ


164 ʼ
£ƪôû̾أԱߣƽξг֪Ʒ˻ʵ⡣йȻϲɾôյˣѵеطдòף˻ʵۼɻ䣿
Ͳòˡ
شеļɻҲǳ಻ڻʵ̺ˣֲסξʵе֣дʱĿϻ۹ˡ֮Ĵʾ䣬͵ûһ˵ξĸеǸˡϵ̲ĳԱˡ˴֣üξܲˣʸĳɡ
ȻûˣʵҲû취ȴүĿ˲ӡ
ƽʣξֻһ͵ɡ
Ȼ֣ɶԼϮȴʮ㡣Ȼʵ۲ԼĸӣܹĵҲνֻҪ֪ԼдʣдüãĿľʹﵽˡ
ȴȵԵó޲˳˳ˮҲûʲôѹءɳһ·֪֮´һζ÷ȥˣյٻ󶼽
˶Թ»ֿüأٵˣȨԽŽ
ʵ۶ȻϲģһʡдΣ꣬Ҳû֪ΣŪǰʿӾдЩʲô˲ܰġ
һ£ϳҲΪ⡣ȻĴǳڵģԵͬдд衣
һ㶣Ϊ¾ôȥˣ벻£ϸ¥ȴӣοգ
ʵҲЩ벻ͻȻЦЦҪ
ɫΪζҲ˲²ʵ˼
ôʣԽزӲͷƤϳϳ
ȴ΢΢Щڳԡ
ξһЦָָڣϸ
ʵξʵ۸ղһʣͳһдʵ̫ˡ־仹Ĳɣȵѹһͷ
дһɷŵķ֮˵߱ġ
һдʣֻĴǵĻдʲôݣȴôģ˵ص
ƪȴΪ֮Ϊȣлһ㵭ĵ٩֮⣺
ʧʵŻڶܺ®Ư롣ڹӣӯȣΣ֮һǣȼڴδڻԴġˮδѳɣѩĲꡣ̳ľݡѹڣ񲻳֡δǼꡣȹѭ£Ⱥˮ֮ǹ֮רû׸氧丳٣ؼ񲻹Ի¡ʵҴǡСֹ֪Ը֮گɽ֮񡣳YƣĺǢǧʹ죬С
еĴǣվͿֵׯΪȴӶĲѩ꣬ͻأ伢ɻΪطܲΪ֮ô԰֮ѣҲ޶ðɣʵΪ˹ػ֮࣬氲ű꣬ո˵ˣѽΪӦ˽⣬ϲҪʵ۹ػ֮ģ²Ҫʹϰʧ

ƪ£ڳնµġʡֱʾֱʡҲǰӣڼξһһɱִʦȴԶ
һȣȻĪ

ξʵ۵ʱһƪ£оһ
ˣɣ̬ЩĴЩһ޵İ棬˲ܴϲԡ
һƫҪүǰ٩٩̸ʵڵ٩ɽҲү
ǺǣȻǲռϲԵġ
ڵй֮磬κʿΪΪT¡ΪTС
Ǻǣе˼
ʱΪûơΣ˶Ƴκǣַ˲һϲ
ǡڹִӦ˼ȴһ
ղƪʵȻӹ׸ԣȴδʺϴ˾ҲƪϼɢİˣͿԣȴЩ̫롣
ڱһΣȴҲʾҵֶΡ
ԣɴٳһƪµģն£üξ㿴ڵֶΡ
Ҫ۵дʣԳƵڶҲûһ
һʣǱ׼CCTVǻ֮ꣻ֮󣬴աΩ֮ƹ֮ʡٺȺʱԲ£ԡ
ȻȴڹصϢһ
Եɫʱͱˡ
ξʧİоһΩ֮ƹ֮ʡٻȺʱ󡣹ٻȺƲ꣬һʼǣ


165 Ѿľ
ξҲ⡣
ǰѾдˣȻǴΪ̾ԲҲû԰ԣ㶼һˣͬʲôʲôġܱͬһϵ޵棬ֻ׶񣬾Ͳͬƽˡղ֮дʣѾǸ޵̬ȣȴǲġ
ʣĹȻòҲǴЩ̹Щȴû۾һĶ
ǰҲд˲٣ȴûмסһƪ
ڵƪһⱲǲ
ղ˼Ҳţ޾ڸѡ
û뵽ڲûбоһƪ
ƪǰȻ࣬ȴǹ٬֮أ
һʺƵ
ڣŸˣʼδ
ξһûбռƪʸ΢еˡ
ָָֽʣƽ㳭
һڣȴޱȣȻ񼤵֮£Ʋסˡ
ǣүƽæǰȥԵһʱĿݣһʻӾɡ
У£ھռ𣿡
ڼξ˿ܣĵȻѾˣٷЩҪôҪ
ȵƹ𼱣ڻ̺¡
Уξƽͬ
ҲȼξͷԨ΢ǳ֮ɲ⣻Բ㣬г֮ͨ㧐֮˽¸֮¡߶˾֣١͸գʡÿҹԸġ֮֮굮գġ̳ʥԦߡϵ۴ȣʥӡƫ֮ٿï֮顣ɣи֮죻֮࣬ݡ
ҲûƽʣΪֶ̫࣬ٶҲϡëʣպ˱һɰ߷裬
ɾĻȻݺᣬ֮ķ硣
ϣҲдꡣ
ֵˣ֮¯֮С
ãξͷоһ֮Ҹ¶ƮƮӾʧȥ
Ժͻƽ羪ôһԡ
ûͣ£һƪ
УӲӵɰдֽ棺ˮţţžŰʮһͨԭʼһиС
ɽ˫飬ʮ졣
СѾľˣһƪʽһƪʣڶҲ˼ͬԷˮһ⡣
ʵ˾ᣬһʦ緶
ԣʦơ
дϣѾûܱȵùǰ忡ͦεˡ
ηѵϷġˡһеľƣĵ׸ٻ֮ȥ
ڿǼξʵۣѾ˷ܵݶŤˡ
һΣһӣд͡Ȼ˫ֽڻʵǰþȫһ亰ξʵۣ޽
ƽѾ׵شסˣãҲͨһ£ۺ᣺ξʵۣ޽
е˶ȥ
ʧȥȫȥ
úúáڣξҲֻܲظá֣ӹڵĸӣʣƽɣ
Ȼ֣صߵ¯ǰһƬ컪ǻ⡣
ˣ͵͵һ
һ⣬ڼξĿһȹ̵ĵλ
չܣƼˮ𣻻߽һ粻ѹƲ𺦵İ˿ɿĻʯ

Ҳ֪Լôصеģһ·ȴ·ֻһɲǡ
ǰһĻȴͬһ֮ΣôҲղס
ؼ֮󣬴׸ƣߵӴǰôֱţһ仰Ҳû˵
о׵һشӴֱӣ״ˣɳˣ
û˵
ֻһ˿棬״ˣȡȡ
ҵĿԴǻųһƬȡ
Ŀͣãһˡ
ʲôˣͷȫǺˮ
ҶʦŮ˵Ҳͬʦ֡Աǰڸ׸͢͵ͣ͢ξڸ׸ĸס
ڻ·ϣȥڵĵϸһ飬Ȼ֡ھȻŮҾȻͬš
Ů״ˣô£ϸϸ˵üͷæʡ
æǰһĻͬ˵һ顣
״ǡ̫ˣ֪жȣȲ͵ֱ壬Ȼַһ˺ѷεĿԣ̾ϢڵĵһʣڸӰ˵ʵڻǼƪдǲҺöˡŰ
ĵؿʶ˼ʲô
Щˣʲôӣ¾Ҹʲô̬ȣ
һЦûˣ״ڱ֣ûбᡣ
ǽʿ˵ƷʣϲҪ̫̰Ȩƣɲžֲ㡣ڸ׸ֻ֮ʬλز͵صȨ
ʵӲ⡣һ£ɶӺ⡣
ڶĲǣԻǺŷġ
˵Լڻʵֻڣ¶ʱһɣЦǾͺãǾͺá
ʲôãͻȻִŸߡƽֻȴСͻȻּʡ
ǰԷիʣǸ׺֮䣬ʵȴ̳֮档
ɷСϰˣܵúܲҡ
ôˣЩȻ
žԼ̬Ȳã¿״ˣ㣬ͲܽʡȻˣͱʾһʹ˽ҹҲˡ
ϸһ룬üЦҶ˵ΪҲǺͿˣû뵽һ㡣
ЦҸղҲＱ״˵ĶԶʡ۵джҲûܱȵùңײУžҲСȴͻȻһڣڣӾͲܲԸˡҼҵĸ󶼽ڱµϣүˣǺõһ㷳㣬ȴ㿴ݽ档ǼǰЩֶΣȴˡ
Ե㣺ԺǺã
ο׵ֻм¿ˣֻҪãȻǼڵġ
ʲô£
ŪǮ
ŪǮԲ⣺ݺĿӣ
ǣͷںǱߡ̴̣ľǮЩ꣬Ϊǰս£ⶼͿˡǼֻܿǰߵʤˣǱߵľܶϵġ
š룺Ҹȥһţ취ڽϳһЩû취ˡ
̾õĿΪ֧ŵʮһ£ʣǸ£սƤһ̣ξʮҲ͹ȥˡɱ¶һۣü¯춼Ҫ̳ټϲƽǱߵļҲǸɹŰܣһʾѡǮ¾ͻˡ
⻹ҪС꣬Ϊ֪ôȥ
ЦξξҼҽԾ
Զʱһ亹Ҷ˵ԡ


166 
ξᡣ
ҹ
ƽͷǰ漱ţūʹ磬һѾϴ÷׵ɽ޲
۵Сӣһ룬ȻǹеС̫ࡣ
С̫еźһʱΪڵߣ·ԵЩȴ˿ĵ顣
żߣڽŵʱһС̫ûע£һԴˤ˸ʺ
ʱһء
ʱǰʱļξ͵̧ͷȻһᷳؽͷȥ
С̫ŵһʧȥѪɫæڵϡ˵ֻסͷֱͷõѪ
ƽҲ˵ָָ£Ӽŵϵʱ
С̫ɴ⣬мؿ˻ƽһۣæҵذæûпȵý
ݿǽϿһװѵ÷ǳذãɶݽдšƺΣǧʵ˵ˮƿ
ǣξʮ¼ڡʵʫ
Ȼһӡʡ
鷨ǳŹ֣ڵݽ塣
ξʵһоϲ˵鷨е⣬д˸ӣԼġ
ƽȴ֪ݽһʱһλڵ˴ġ
ԳƵʵۣд֣Ȼʮֺϼξġ
ͭ¯ų㣬Ũζ˼㱣ÿҲԵóơ
ӻƽ֪ٴΣеİѾȻء
ӣһźһŰ
ǽĵطҲ˼ںľӣȫʲᡣ
ʮյţյ˺֡
аÿ£̧ͷȥȴξʵһʲĬĬؿš
˵ʵˡ
ʵϣĴѾõõĵزԴ͢ڸ㽭ñӷǧ罫һҵڸ⡣
Ϊ˾ӡ̫࣬û˱ȻƽΡ
ʹ˵ÿĲ벻İӡɽսÿҪӷ֡Աٺ»һôҲİ򡣸˵үȤһҪ޼Ժӡʲôġ
취ŪǮ취ŪǮ¸ûȥ
񣬸㽭սѾ˽ҪͷͷҪãֱڸ˾Ƶýͷöүˡ
һӣʵ껧ʲȫ˹Ҳ˰æУնǼξʵۺһڶʵС̫ǵҹֹ䶼ϼˡ
ɽȴ֣оȻ˰ûƽЩϰˡ
ȴүҳʲ֮°ͣ˼ӡȻϼһСľֽϻһŹֵķţٶȾëҪࡣ
ƽ֪νǦʣһŽʲôݲ֡
˵׮ơ
Ǧ˵ܼ򵥣ʯīǡࡢ㰴һϸԲȻƬ۵ľסʹõʱõļɡ
˵ⶫʵڷ㣬õʱֱӴӻͳд֡ëʣҪԤ̨עˮȻĥīë֮󣬻ϴؼЯʵڲ㣬Ǧʣõʱ򣬿ֱӷڶ
ңǦдּС֮νӬͷСϸ֣ν֮в֡
ξʵһϲַ⣬һ˾ʮ֧ûµʱҲϲϹö
򵥣ɱȴߡõȻҪһһϺòϣҲ˵ˣǾϸϣ˽ۡʸĻľͽ˿骡
Ϊûʵ۱ǦʵıʼˣеĽ˻ú˸ӡ
һֻǦʵĳɱѴﵽ˵ӡ
⻹꣬ǦʵıʼⶼӲҪӲֽ
ǣְڵ䷽ʮ
ڰ֣ʷǳ㣬ر˵ʲôʽ
ڣǶ࣡ƽԾ̲֮࣬ס΢ЦСӵѧ˲ã¼仹ûܱȵù
ʱڼξϣƽ̲סڿһۡ
ȴСǰһֻҡӣһֻǦʷɿؼʲô
ƽʱڰϣξ̧ͷʱһۣʣһǦʱʼȴˡ
үūƽæӼξнӹǦʣǦʵıͷһľСϻӵԲ֮УһһƬɫٻ
˵ⶫҲڵֱʣųʵ
ҲһѾСʵʡүǰ˭ҶӰǣƽȥڣӡ
ܳˡʵ۳һתͷڣǱΣ
ȣ£֡
ãһ뷣ȥ
ǡʣһӶͣվ˫ֽ͵ʵǰ
ŵ˼ǰѾͬ˵ξһ֣Ͳˣƽ
ūڡ
ɣתȥ
ƽһ𣺡ڣȻܹʵּˣǺԺѧʿǲеȨ
ǡƽӹǵ飬Լ˼ۣ´һƪگдҲȥ˵ˣڵȻһġѵõǣʵע÷ǳ˽Ҫ֮Ҳдֶ
һ˵ƾȡʿ֮ҪںԺѧϰ֮󣬲ŻɸʵְҪΪҲã˹Ҳãֻ֤һ˵Ļڴѧ
ڴʵƪ֪֪ף浱Ǹ;ˡ
ڲŶͣô֪Щ
ѵүһһŵ̳ģ
ν
ƽиǾ
ȣڻԵˣδ͵ɹ
ʵƽȴˡ
˿ڵеЩգʵ̫ˣ־͹Ҷ찡ԼԼ鷳
ԭռ֮󣬼ξԽԽϲճܻᴫڹȥ˵仰ʯͷǡ˷ܣҲдһ̫͵ȥͬ۽ľ顣
ڱһִˣƽȹ裬˻ʵۣҲ⣬ԡ֮
˼˻ʵۣսս˵Ҳ˴ݵüξоʡ
ǰһӣξں˶һݵʱôҲ㲻漰ˡһʱڿ죬˳
ʵ㷨˼ξע⣬ڽӽ̸
ǣھͱξȥʷ
ӣҪдʯͷǡҪʷҪϰΣ۵Ѫ
пЦΣҲ֪жĽ˭֪ҵʹࡣãҲʲô¡
ˣڡξͻȻڣͳȥɡ
⻰һ㣬ȻһϲģڿԳȥˣʺĵԵķ嵭ҲࡣǱȵ滨Ƶڡ
ξƽڳȥɣȹμ˳츮ٽ
ڳһڣûˣӹ찡
һۣѾڼξߴ˶ʮˡ


167 ©
ڹôʱѽһæӶˡ
ڵһξʵ¶Ҳ࣬Լд壬ӡʣ̸۵Ż˻ʵһףѧ˲ٶʶ
̫ۣæǼξѣ¸ˡ
һȣξͻȻô᲻óȥҪ˹ˣǲԶߣҪ˾߰ɡ
ɫ䵭üȴѵõشһ˿Ц⡣
ڴ󺧣νТ޺Ϊ󡣳δס
ξͻȻЦ㲻˵ã޵ЩĶˣƽһ¡
ƽҲЦ
֪ξڿԼЦ
ƽξʵۿǸˣ춼һǷӵģ벻ȴҲȻ鼫á
ξûװ޵ǲ顣˾ˣͣûкİͰͶܹס
ڲý磬ګګҪȥ˵Ҫիһʱ䴦壬Ҳó
ҵȵȡξʵЦݣüͻȻʣڣ׼Σ
ڣرµĻѾ׼׵Ӧòϰ񡣡
˾ͺáξ˵ˣҲвˣȥȴһЦƽѧڣָһڡĥǹܹЩôġӷˣǶ°ɡ
ǣȸǡںͻƽͬʱ˳ȥ
Ӽξصݣڽʱдġʯͷǡݸ嶼£һ𣬷Žֽʱ侭ֵĹһһűعúãƽ̺һߵһ˾졣
ǸС̫ȥƽȻƷ衣
ڿʱѾ磬Цƹ㻹ҪҲϰ𣿻ԣͻҲûô˵˼Ҳûĺˣڿ϶ǻġ
ƽڲ豭ЦЦүּ⣬ͬһĥǹƽʮԴҲҿּ֮ţοԵڻ¡ԣϰһ˵ҲûҪۼֲþôˣͷ£۸ĺˡ
ҲԼĲ豭˵ˮƽߣƹ㻹˵빬Щ졣һ𣬲˵ѧʣ̸£ûôƷ̸˵õᣬ͵øС
͵øУ͵øУ˵ðƽ飬̾Ϣ⹬һӣͷֺγùյϾľûƬ̡
ЦЦһˮҪġ
ƽȴͻȻʣ˳츮㱨ûУ
ڡһվˣɣƹҵϳڣڼ䣬˳츮ѧſ϶Ҫż壬Ƚһ꣬ƻ˶ˡ
չأӦ½ѧͳһȥԼôʱ٣Ҳ֪½ѧðֱȥûУ
µˡ
¾ȥƽһ㶼żģʣڣ֪Ե˭𣿡
Щɻ󣺡ƹȴ֪˵ˣ˳츮Ե˭ʲôֲҪĦٿζϵÿ˾ӣֱдǡ
ƽǺһЦ˵ˡ
ˣ˭
ƽĴԺʱĶʦӦϼˡ
ڴһҼҶʦؾˣѲ𣿡
ƽѾؾʮˣһǰ񲿾ȥؾȺ˵һ飬˵ΪԹϵش󣬿һ˾ˣٵʸ񣬳͢ºǿءˣʡʱҪӺԺ
Ӧϼñɵ˳츮ֽԡ
ʽĹԱԣƶȷǳƣľ١¼ַ⡣Ƿ¼ȡжһݾյ֣ǵ˵㡣
Ӧϼ˵ĻȻøͷС
˳츮Եĸ½ǡ˵һϯƽͻȻ˵һ䣺˸մϾؾǣ˵˰ɣ
ʱӴ˲Ӻ͹ģ̳ϵҲиӡȻ׻ƽΪдһʣһеļ䣬ش˵˵ˣǼξʮһ껹ʮĽʿнʿʱʮͷɻ;һ˳˶Ʒ֪ءξʮʱΪʹˣŵϾϡ
ϸһӵֱܶۺ̰ʮ˵ܱ뺣ͷĿֱΪͬ磬νݡ¿Ը˽ΪܼϸڽϽУܰܣֱκ٣֮Լĺͺáҹӽ֮ܡðãƣɽۼѣ޶ȣɼ檣˿Ϲ첼ƥĸţзְ˽۹پؼӳΡ
ΪǰսֵҪ֮ʱ¾ͽвˡ
ôˣ
ǺüԡƽͷرҲǱµͷģҪˣ˳츮ֽԡԽǲ
һĬȻףϾǱȻҲɾǸԺ½һˣڻλٸͻݡɾΪܣ˻ʵ⣬Ҫˡ
ξҪԡҪԣȻҪȼ
ܶҲǸ˽ܣڿսҲйڹҺ壬ΪˣȴҪ䵽³ϧˡ
½ǺΪ˸ǰ̣Ȼǰս֣Ʒǲô
ƽǰʲô
ɻ󣬿˻ƽһۣƹԵ˵½ˣ
ƽ˳ĶѣġˣΪ̣ûƾ٣ߵ¶Ҳͦġ˵˹ģۼһû洧Ħ˵˹úõģǶȥֶʲô֣ӽȥȴްΥ͡
ڣǸ֣Ҳѡƽôᵽ˹ˡȻ˵ǫ飬ȴ֪ģһҲǰ˹ʱĺ֡
ƽˣҵһĿǰհɣ˾ĸ£ͻȻ뵽ǴСö飬ѧϵĹ򲢲˲١˿Ҳ֪ʲôΡǣһ˼Ŀԣ¡
һ룬ܽ˾ģ˭Ǳѧ֮ʿһĿһƪҲֲʤ
ǣ飬ɴǶϷǳһĿȻĸ֣ʱϡĿѰۼȴܸ˳ºǸ񻹹ڻڣ룬Ŀ⣿
ڣƹ˵ͻȻһ𣬸оЩá
ƽ۾ͻȻһѵӴڸоüЩԼǣյĿǡνԻС⣬ⲿҪĸһ֣ɷۼˡڣܡ𣿡
νԻһԡνԻŮΪ壬ΪС塣
˼ǣӶ˵ҪеߣҪΪְҵС
ƽһһ٣ҧּء
һݣڵȴҲ򵥣һΪһʥһ֮һ֮ɡ
ƽʧڽеãã
̾һؿڣˣ˳츮ԣҲúÿУ񹼸µˣȥ½ѧ
ƽ˵ôһĻźܸȻͻȻ룺©ѵ˳츮ԵĿǡνԻԣԣͷĿ


168 µһ
Զڵ쳣ش
˵ֻͯ൱ڸ߿ĻԾ͵ںĹԱԡ
ֻҪ˾˹;߱ٵʸ
˵Ļ˾ˡҲ޷ԽִᣬҲ޷ʹýָǰĿ⡢ʫľ⡣ƾڻʵĿеĵλԼ̫ͬ˽ҪƷ֪أ벿ԺСٻԵҲһ׾֮¡
һҲˣȻûк󻰡ͨڱ֣Ҳô
ղŻ̫Լ˵ô࣬϶京塣˿ǸºϹԲԼ˵ϻ
ǵ˳츮ԵĿǡνԻ˵Щʲôأ
ѵΪԼԽʱգӰʵʷ˺ЧӦ
ڳ·ϣüͷ˰죬Ҫ죬ȵ½ѧҲûͷ
ӣѾͷˡݳ̫๧ض˵
һ³룺أ㿼ҲûϵѾ˺üƪ˹ķģʱѡһƪȥûӦ£Ҫü죬еʱ䴩ԽִᣬʱȥϾˣûʲôõĵġ
ôһ룬жʱ
Ϊ磬ѧûûɢѧڽΡ
ڵӳſڣеѧǶһɧ
½͵վ̲סһڸˣ
ʱ͵תͷݺݵؽеϣȣ㻹֪ڣʲôطȥˣ
Щ˼˸徻ĵϰΡ
ϰΣߺߣ㳤ϢˣҵѧˣôȴֻѧˣһЦ
֣ص˵ѧǰһңҲȥ飬ҸطġȻãۼϾҪ͹̡
̣𡣡ʱŭָ̫أлȥվһʱ
۾ﶼֻı飬½͢£ɫиǴһ˿⡣
ǣҲͣݵغˣվ档
У½Ҳȥվ
ҡ
ȥ
ǡӵȫί
վڵʲôáԼôʱûѧö飬ǴҲƽڻǴһֱõĵôԸʷݣϲ̡
ǣڻ֪ԼԵ־ȥûУûаףܾЩ
̲סҪתȥֱ˳츮ѧš
ɹ˶ؾǧʦֿüأΥҵʦ֮ˣ˳ȥȴԼм𺦡
ˣȻԽ룬ȴеվ
Ƭ̣Ӿ˳
һ½ʱʹһӣôݳˣ
ȴ½һԲѾСһȦ°Ͷˡ۾ҲݽۿǴͣתһȦǰ˫°Ҳʣһ㣬ϵ·ҲԵÿǵϡ
ôˣΪ˱һ˶ʮ죬ÿֻ˯ʱҿҪˣӱһʲôѽ½оλԼ̳еġⱲӾʲôɣҲһٻ󡣡
㲻Ҳͦˡ
ǰףסýһˣ죬ҵúú˯ϼˣڸ磬ɢѧȥ¥úóһ١
ǸðһЦǣҵȻؼȥһˡ
³˾ٻȥҲ٣ֲһʱƬ̡㲻ƲҳԾƣ
Цӣв𡭡ӡ
˼ȴû˻ش
תͷһȴԺǸ˯ˣˮ΢
Ҳ˯ţôѶȡ
ҪЦѧɢѧˣѧǴεڳţ½ĳ̬͵Ц
ɼûнѡ
½͢Ҳˣؿں½һԣ࣬˹ĳࡣ
Ҫˣ½͢ºȵߡ
ź޺ȥ
ڳ˳½½ǣӻûѣ
Ҳ߰ɣɢѧˡת˼ͻȻתͷڣѾ㱨ˣúÿҪʧ
ڴϲһҾأл
̧ͷȴʱѾߵԶˣߴ䵽ʯذϵ
ӣӣѡ½һƣɢѧˣˣ
ˣȻѣãߣԾȥɣ
ĨһͿˮĨɣ˳Ϳڹϡ
ѾԷ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳ֪Σ϶ҲˣҲƴǣʹ󷽷һȥˡ
˵ⱱֺž¥ǲ١
ֻҪϱָͷһ˳ھܽг磺˳۸ͬ;ӡ¥԰¥
Ҳ˵ͷ˳ɣпһ·˳硣ʣɽ̼ĳ¥ҪǳнӸʽ硣
ѡ԰¥Ǿ˵Ҫۼأȡ֮ˮĵʡ
λڳǶڵļҲҲ㡣
˾¥ȴӷ¥żǽҲ˵ʫ䡣
ʱʵ̫ۣӷ飬һӲˣʲôպΡ𱩴ǡ֭ӡзʼŴʹϡ
ڼξʵߣһ峴ײˣһ˿żȻһɣûˡ
£ҲϻƵؽһƲɨɾֺƾƣͬʱһڳеã
һѿڶͬʱЦſʼ˵
ݣһ־⣺ӣѧ£˵˵
ӣʲô£һͿʼ飬ϴ˯ʱʵ̫࣬Ҳǻٳü˶סˡǸеĸŹ˵ģʲôʱԹֿࡣǰ죬и½ӵһĸѧãŵÿһڣ̸ɫѽ
㲻Ҳŵ½ҸбЦ
ڶҪЩǰҵ֪֪ȭͷ
СħŮǱΣĴͼŪûУ
ŪˣŪˡӴΪϲڸ磬湻˼ÿնһֵĸӣŮħͷû겻ᣬվͰͷҪˡ
ǰһξдӵʱÿд꣬лƽ˴ؼȥüת½
˵Ѿ˽ᣬҲˣº£ٺһһƺѾˡ
ͺһСϾơ
ſˣȴǾ¥Сˣһʮ꣬ˡ
˽֮һ֣λүҪ鲻
飿һ㶡
ЦŴͳһµһ飬д·֮£һǮһѪţԼүģվһ¥
ڶȥȻȻʯͷǡ֡


169 ʲô
ʯͷǡԱߵ½һ㶣ȻЦⱾǣ
ⲻǿ׷ǰ
Ҳû뵽ԼⱾ¥Ρ˵˻
ȴ˵˼ЦλǲǾֿ̫ͨζʵʯͷǡһ֡
һ֣⵹ˣڰ˰ͷ½Цʡ
˻ش˵ȷҲ֪ôģȡôһֳͨͨէһۿȥ治ˡӡʱ̹ҲŲԣͻһ֡
ǱϷһͳһǰǱʯͷǡҪ࣬ҲխСЩķƤӡšǡ֡
ٺ٣ɣһ֣ȴļ鷻ʣšһɫĵЦ
ڳһ飬ƫƫֱָġȡãʲôƿ÷ƲݺСֱ׶ˡ
ȥȥȥүүȾƵ顣Ҳǡʯͷǡһ˿һԼүɫȥܹ̱ôڵĴҪ˺ȥ
ȵȡڵȤָָǱǡʣôô࣬ڼˣ
ȴڵ˼һЦӣʯͷǳڼأͳڼأһ²䡣ţλүơ
˵ţͷһµģָָ⣬ǵʮһء˺ǧһЦ븶˫ǡһڣǡڴǰдĸӡ
ô졣ڳһæӹ顣
ȵȣλӡͰ͵ؿڡ
򣬽һǮ˹ȥǮкѿôô졣ˣںֵͨ߻վԳҲпǿһ䵥صشǣҪ𣿾ʵúܣҲʦ
ʦðɣ

лӵ͡Ǯϲ̵ֽס
Ȼһ²䣬ôôࣿ
֣ҳ׹ԭһˮľ档ʳסʫʸ踳޹ؽҪڶɾֻŮ鰮Ĳ֡羯ӽڱǽڣͱϮ˳ǽڣݡ׽ıȻôȴд硣
ڶʱ̲סЦ飬顭˭дѽ߰ģ
꣺ýй֪ǾСʿʿ֪ɣķӡ鱾дģһλݵĹˡһдͳʿӡ
Ŀ֮࣬ǰƾԼĲѧʿлȡǳˣû뵽ȴַʽ
ͬдʲô
ôˡӽӹȥһۣŭɶͷҵԴϣʲô߰ģôһ飬Եθĵ˲ɲʿдġ
治ɫؽӵʰЦλүͲ֪˰ɣһ汾ǡǸ˿ģʯͷǡ෴ʯͷǡȷʵʿɡⱾɾڰ档۲ܹŮ˵ǮɣҿڷԶѡλүһʿһʯͷǡ汾ſҲǵȤ
ȥȥȥĵûûүү顣ӸŭҪȥơ
һ㵽һߣүŸ߰һ׮⣬֪λûȤ
˭ͬ⣬ʲô½Ц
ͻȻһЦλүŹĶ๫ǵĿҲ˳츮ϣȴ֪ǷҪμӱԣ
θɣһţۡ
ͻȻϷƵشӻͳһڴͷϣִﳶһƥ೤İײˣëʲݵд˼֣΢װԣʼ
ЦλүͲǰ𣿡
̲סЦһû࣬׬Ǯˣʲôɡ
½ײͷˣֲסˣֵԾƿҲɡôղݣûᷳߡ
ӱҡ
Σ㣿үǰԸúܣҪʲô
ȻԼǰһɼܲס޳ٺһЦˣ޵һ磬ҲҪ١ϼͦùȥСϾмƳ֪λûȤ
˵ŻȥҪ𣿡
ʯ쾪һ仰½һֶ˰ա
Ҳֱ壬ҲˣģŪֶ
˵ͣʲôֻҪ׬ǮӶܰŪ


170 кλ˵
仰ʯ쾪ŵ½һʧȥѪɫ
Ҫ֪ԿƳ׵ĴǷǳϸġһץסһϼڿʾڡ
֮󣬻ø
ʮ
Ƿǧ䵱ۣθķ֡
˵ֻҪױץǳ׵군ˡ
ǣ˹ʵҪһа񣬾ٵʸֻҪйϵǮһõһȱȱҪֻҪ˾ˣ仧غլǰͶ̵Ҳڻ¡
ΪƾٿԵĺ֮֮ͦҲв˽ҹء
Σӽ֮ľǣ治
仰½ľǾ߳ȥ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ڻ侲ЦһŶⰡǮ
ʵЩ档
ǰԷƽԼ˵һ׵ĻǱҲ֪̺б˳츮ԿϢ
ھ¥֮йȻĿ뵽ľǣ᲻©ˣ˭ɵģΪ˽˴һ𣿻ƽܣһ˾ӡֲ̫࣬ȱǮô᲻µ˰²ϣ߻б˼
ţпܡ
ڵĹؼǣȻ֪ƽǶλʲô˼©ȷˡ˳У˵ˡ
һȻ˾
ʣһϲָ
½һʣڸ磬㲻Ҫɣ
ڳ˰ֳ֣ˣָð֮£Ҳӡ
ϾֲÿҪΪūġ
൱ںĶʮңԱʸҲ㹫
һЦô࣬ⲻӿֵǮˣʡǵıҲǧˣ۳ȴû˳ּ֣õʲô¡Ͷʮӡ
ʮǹһЦڸǮ𡣡
Ȼ¶̰Ĺâ
ڣô֪ĿǼ٣򵽼ٵָΡ־ݣҿ꣬Ŀٸ㲻١
ڸǮǶʮҡͷ־˰ѱǾǶˡĿǴһͷŪģ˭㣬Ҳ֪λүҲǸ˼ҵĹӣʮ˵ҲһٷˣֵʲôǰŲţȻ˵仰ǾǲˡǺǣҲϻˣڡ
˵꣬һ֣תߡ
ڵһЦҲ
Ѿ߰˳ɵİտԿ϶˾ǸƭӣɣһʼҪǮġִ˵ɣһ㶼ºǮģһ˵򣬷ʵ̫ˡ
˺۲ã׼Լӵľʵʮ಻٣ǡǡڶ˿̵ķΧ֮ڣ֪ƭ֮ҲһЦ֮ɽ캣鷳
վסͻȻ䣬½
תͷȥȴһķⶼš۾ͨ죬ͷѪܱ𣬺żҵ˼붷
ת۽¶һ˿Ϊעĵ⡣
ƭ½ӣȴڡ
ֻ̾Ϣһĵӣ£׷Ϳġ
ӣҪ򣬿ˣ
½һǳɫګګڸ磬ҾǾááʮĲʲôҲһٷǮǱƭˣҲǶ౳ƪģҲҲ޷
֣صؿʮûʲô˵ģӽˮ½˵۾գһ¡ǣھͲˣʱ࣬Ŭˣôûģ
ҧҧųһ仰ǰŬˡǣ飬˭֪أûİСҲ½͢ǿҵЦʮһ϶ѡ
ڻȰɿ˿ΪȥȴһˣҪ̣Ǯûš
̾Ϣһɵ㣬µû
վżȥ
ӴӻͳһŶʮǮƱϣݺݵ
ϲҪȥץǮƱ
һֻݺ档
̧ͷһڡ
ˣλӣɷˡѶӦ˵ѽ
ͻȻЦղ˵ĿǴһλģô˵Ҳʶٹٳϵˣ
ӲͷƤǵȻС˳ߣͬٴ˶ʶġ
£Ϊļ˵Խûˡ
ڣǺãʣ˳츮Ե˭
ʵãЦŻش𣺡ǰӦϼˣ½½ˡ
дڰϵģ˳һнңӿ˳츮ĸʾ
ô㣬˺½˾Ǻιٺְ
ˣǺԺģ½ȻҲǡشҲճģʡһԵӺԺʱֵΡ
ȴ֪½ΪдлʵĻʱʹ
ڹһЦǮƱץԼתͷ½˵ӣǮʮˣҲñƭӡ
ƭӣô£½æʡ
ڣǺԺĲ٣½ȴϾĸУջؾְûգȴûµĲǲʲôʱԺˣ
ƭӣȻƭүͷˣɶ񣡡½ŭһȭʹؿϣֱӽ˴żõ˳ȥ
Ϊߣֹⲻʲôˣ
㻹Ӳ㣡׷˳ȥ
ڻæȥס²šȷ½ӣȴ⣬˵ѧٶĹҲҪˡ
˸ճţȴ½͢Цվ棬ȻղŵĻˡ
ں½һ
͢Цһԭֺ󷽣ʮ۾գһ¡
½ߵòͨ죬Ƕ˶Ѽˡ
½һӣۣ¼˵ֺλ˵͢£ߡΪҸŵĵط𻰣ȴ
ͬʱ˻ӣת¥ľһɥ½
군ˣ½Ƿϣ½϶Ҫȥ״鷳ˣſǻڸ磬һټҷҿӲˣðҡ
Ҳץͷܰʲôæ
οӣҲõģϾԣ½ļҷʲôҲº֣ӰĿԲǡǿ·Ǯˡ
һ룺ȷǿǮûʲô˵ģӲǮ
뵽ָߣڸ磬ǼԾȥ
εذͷǸûûεģˣʱѾ磬һøϻؼȥǵ˵¡
ȥƲ𣬺ð죬ϵʱȫҪһڵᡣ½ˣѧͬҲӵ롣
ô֪أ
ǰվ͵ѧˣŻȻǲ֪ġ
Ǻã㡣
ں½Ҫ¥Աߵżﴫղ˵־˰ѱǾǶˡĿǴһͷŪģ˭㣬Ҳ֪ģҲǸ˼ҳʮ˵Ҳһٷˣֵʲô
½һջǡþ¥Сһһȥż˽ȥ
洫һ󾪺˭
Ӵ
½һͳСǵġ


171 ·˼
֪Уڵˡ
⻹һιشգЩʡ
˵Ľղ࣬ͳҲ硢ʹĸաִᣬǸգԪˡһġһ죬˹ʥڡ
˹ڣһ㶼̫ʱļ٣ǴڣҲֻһաʼйְģøﻹø
Ϊ٣ڶ̣һشԵ¡ء
ݶ˵ҲûؼҹˣھͽˣǰͿʼ׼˲ٹӡѼ±⣬ƾҲ˺üǡ
ϧЩ׼ȫòˡ
һ磬½ӴżūʹžʳƺƵظϵڼҪȫһȥǸߡ
ں֣㲻ڸˣʲô
½ش˵Ϊ󲮸вʹҪֵأܻҪүү̺ˣȫҲǾһۡ
𣬲Ǹô£ܹЩζԣֵ룬ɴԼڸһȥɽ棬ѾˣɽϵķҶӦú˰ɣ˵꣬ūëëŵؽǳͷϲȥҲû⡣
ڱܾڼ徫һ죬ú׼һ½ԡɿһȸԾӣͺЦ˵ͷ
СԴ˾֮Ϊںæһֱû俴һᡣ
˵ִҲȥɽϧʱ䲻ԣһֱûҶźǻ˸Ը
ӣŮҲʮ˷ܡ
ǣһ࣬һĿڣͬӵ˺Хһֱɽ
ɽ뱱ǲԶǿĹٵ;ǳεĳȴԵö¡·ÿʮиͤӣͤ˳츮ֵڡ˵ߵÿ죬֮󣬲ʱ͵˵ͷԼʮģ
ںһΪϳ֮½кܶ໰˵Сƨһճλϣͺ˯ȥְҹˡ
ҲΣֲýŪѣҲλС˯Ƭֱ̡һŨҵĽųζŪѣһӲ֪ʲôʱѾЬӣѾѾյԼǰ
ڴŭһѣӣûϴˣӺڳ
ϴţϴʲôš½ֹԺֱӣؽͷڳϣǵˣǰɡ
˵ţͣһ½ӣڹӣүɽˡ
һһķ紵ڣ˿˿ˬ
ھһȥ
ȴɽµǻкüǴ׵ĸͷԯͳϻŰͭıߣ˿϶ǾеĹˡ
Ǽ֮Ϊ¡
ȫһǸǴͳΪɽ˻ǲ٣лкܶŮ죬Ҳˡ
̫Ǻܴ󣬿ɹƤȴû˿֮С
̧ͷȥҰտдХӹԭҰ
Ұۻ׳˺ɽ
ȴĴġ
ͻȻ֮䣬ֻһ˶ϴӵ͸ˡ
죬ȥξʮҪȥˡ
ڸ磬ʲôأӼڶӣգգ۾ǲСħŮˣҪʧˣŮħͷûи
˭ˣӣ˵ЦЦӡ
˹ڣʵ˵ɣŮħͷǳòģ͢ˡүү˵ˣֻ͢˾ˣ飬ûʱˡ
ԣеģʿȴ˵ɲ˵˾֮󣬾ȥıְλٲȥܽʿֿˡ
½һڳɽȥһ˵ŮħͷæѧŮأһŮӣҪѧֶġνݡ¡½ҳȥŮӣܲ˿Цǣ⼸գ׹߿أ
һ뵽½С廨ӣھЩ̿һ뵽Ҫ޸͢£ȴͻȻЩˬٲ˵ͷɽȥ
ڼӿ˽ŲҲæȥ
Σ½ӻ˲ӣĸСӣѾͷһѾͷʹЩģԼʮ˾꣬ҲţӦþǱӺгĴѾ߶㡣
Ϊ˶࣬һɽͬеĿеܿͱɳһء
Ůû취ֻܱ
ãǰ档ҲãֵʱӾȻظԼûеӣԼӰҹ飬֮帺Сˡ
Ī·Ҳû˵
ͷɽһвپ㶼ûг֣իɽ£Щʧ
˰죬һ·͵˷嶥·ϵȴҲ߲졣
̧ͷȥǰһ˺һģߵüͷһӣȼʺ½ҪһȦӴúأֻһɫӣϴѾףں⴦˼鲹ҲͬӣᣬȻССһӳýܹǸ߰ɡ
ȺȴԵúǶء۵һииԼʮ꣬õò°Щ⣬һ겻İ
۾Ө񣬿ĿҪ˿͸һ㡣
⸾˶ӴøƤһ㣬Ӧ߰˸С
һ˻ϣŷ̧úСġ
һǸʿԼʮ꣬Ƴ룬ݣ˧һ
Ѿɽ·ռһ룬һ£ʱ߲ͨˡ
½ںȵòͷȵιǰӿ𵲵
֣ѵһԼֵģͻȻЩ
½Ļ䣬һȺ˶ͬʱתͷ½ŭĿӡ
½ӱǸ첻µزµˣʲôô
󵨣ʿ˧ɫһȵСҰ
ģ۾Сϰһôǹٶ𣬲񰡣Ե˰Ե
Ҫ֣ͻȻС̸Ƕ·ԭãȹȥɡ
̷԰˰ͷǣ
ͳ˻˻֣ÿɣ
õ·ߡ
ʱڲŲ˵ĲѰ
Ѱ˼ңӦŮŶԡȺ˵Уиʲô̸Ǿ׳ӣôôԾ
½Ӽÿ·һ̳˹ȥ
Ϊ½խСײǸһ¡
ײǸ˵Сһ
һֽסСˡ
תͷº͵ضЦЦл
Ҳ֮һЦˣ˼ˣҪ˰ɣϲ
һĸˣͬϲͬϲ
ɿ֣ǰȥǵһλаɡиö߶߶ˣŲѲ˶˶θںˣԵö࣬׳źá
Ϊ˺ڶøУ̲סһ䡣ŴŮͷ̥սգѲҲǼߡ˼ҸˣŴլеиΪ˶٣岻ãܶ˶Ѳ
ִҽѧ˵иöɢˣ̥λ˶
Ůӵܰףƽռ䲻ôݣӿ»鷳
ںĵһҲͷ첽ǰȥ׷ӡ
˵ˣСĻмֵҪµ߼ҷ㣬Ҫ¡̸أ
м̸ֵԼŮҪͷ͡
ˣµߡ
ǰһ·ڻͷȥȺ˻ߵüѾԶԶ䵽˺棬Ѿһ˸ˡ
ܹϡǸɽǶС

˰죬ڵ˷嶥
ʱ֮·һ·ϣҶ̵ġɵȵɽǰȥȴһƬޣպɰĴؼݺһĨʺɫǵض˼
ɽһղΪ½ˬҪ˵ǵ㲻ʱɢˡ
̲סһХɽȴ
½Ҳţ

ڣߣ֮Ҳߣٴ֮Ҳ
½ΣΪΣ
˴ЦУɽȻһȺء
ˣˣӵͷһǶ
үˡ½Ѿ߰ͳ־ӲŶͷϵĺˮͺǴСܵһ
ҲŮµأ֦Ҳ޽游ײźˮ
ɽһƬܿĲݵأҲûˣҲɾ
ﲻҡ½ƿְ֣ɡ
ʱ׼˺ܶණһ£ĸСӾͽϵ֮
˷ɿڵһɺɫĵ̺оʳȥ
Ҳƴǣһƨڵ̯ϣ׾ƾ͹˹˹һ
Ϊλү͵ˣҲɢڲݵϣһ߳ԶһģյҲ
ڼಽظߣͻȻЩԣ˵ʱڼ̿飬Ƿʵ
һĽȻүǸĸ֮ˣڿƾ𷿵ġԼǲԼʧԣæС죬ô£⹫ӼȻдʯͷǡ飬ԺүٲģҪмֻ
ҲʯͷǡСС⡣


172 ұ
ûʸڷϣūֲʶ֣ôܿӵĴСġˣҲǰƪȻͲͷˡ
ͻȻЩ飺ҼҶӼûģ¾ͰҸˣū澱
Щ˼ҲҪϰǰҪֹ˵Ժﶼˣұ˵ˡ
ǰãͺдߵ¶һˣ˸տʼʱ˵£Щŭô¡Се˸֮󣬿˼գһĭ˵߰Ķˣһֱ˺յǣû˺ҲûС㣬͵͵زʱʱͳϼҳ
˵˾үڶЦе˾̾Ϣһү˻濴õġ
½һôˣ
㣺ÿһΣĨᡣ˵࣬ûˣбӵԺģҲ֪᲻Ȣ
½ӡһ񣺡ȻǻȢģڸ磬˵ǲǰ
ڿЦһ̯֣»û취͡
㣺ʵϲ飬˵½ĸ׷ҲýԱе̽ߣҲǸǰӣ½еѾҩ̺ʱ򣬲СĴ˲ˮŪˣһʱ
ں½úЦ
Ѿͷ࣬˵ȴûʲô߼뵽ʲô˵ʲôģ̾طȥˣʲôãСϲģҾ⿴ˡЩ˵İɣϲԺѾǶлͺܲ
ӣҶ̸Ϯ˭ãˡԺȥǼԺϮˣ䶼ˡ
ĵӣСС;ֺ֪½ӣС檣ҲǸŵˣ񡶺¥ΡĻϮ˶Щƫƫϲǹˡ
Ȼô룬ȴ˵
½Ӻܲʲôã˵Ϯ˲ʶ壬£֪ˡ
ʲô֪ˣͲ֪ˣزǿŸȸأ
ȻⱾҲǷǳϲģ¾ǲûʲôã˶űʱһζֺãתλ͵ģʹӻݣƷϾ⡣
㡭ŭӿԴͬӷһ֮;Լͬ˲ͬҲ¶ӣ¾ǲ
ۼźúһǸͺҶҪɺѧֻᣬҪשɣһͷۣҪȰ棬ͻȻ䣬Ůӵ͵һЦҲλ˵öԣܸɣȴʣ£ҪԴġӣѾк³
ڻͷһȴ·ǸиڸĲɽǸ̸
׳ӣȴͣ˽Ų佫·ڶסˡ
иղŶļһ󵽼ɫʵϣղ²˷ǳҡ
ΣԽĲͬѰ֮
æվһʩ񣺡ˣԵ˵ط羰ãһͷ羰
ºһЦãҲߵˣѰطЪʹˡ¸ԣλӸմ
ԣйģѵǻֹ
½æֻ֣ȥԼݣֽж찲λ
ղų˸˵Ĳ⣬в죬ּźᣬȴǡ
Ӽ˴Ŷӣж㣬æһٱ֯Сӷźãֵһ棬Сĵط¡
Ҳϥߣղϸ˳ХһΪλʿԭǶλӡ
½ӾЩˣôˣʧˣҲǸʿ֪˭𣿡ָָߵڣѧһӣʿ꣬Ҳǡʯͷǡߡ
ڣͷ˶Щ⣬࿴һۣȻϲؿڡ
ӵˣǰ·ϲһֱʯͷǡ߿ɶڼˣԿԸ
һҪʲô
ԣЦŵΪǴӡ
һЦش˵ڹӣһ磬һʮŮġʯͷǡħˣԼ˶ռǽ˵ЦҼֳβһŭ֮°˺ˣѾͷ
ϰ˰ͷڣͻȻһЦѾͷ죬ڿֳұ񡯡⹫ӣ˵һֵҼլҸò㣿


173 ԽԽԾ
ں½ʧɫŮӶĻ治
½ǸûûεˣȻáʯͷǡдòܺÿȴҲʲô֮
ȻҲǵ͹ԵĹ˵ɱŪЩΡ
Щ˼ع֣ˣҵĲԣҪҪھ޶
ºһЦϵֱˣҿǸѰѽͿδˡ
ȻǸ֮ˣȴһЦǾͷ
ڣӦõģӦõġƣһ
ԣˬһá
ҲһЦʵǺ飬ͿôˡҿⱾ󣬻ۣ˿ĵõȴһ޵֮ˣ޳֮ˣǰ𡣶˿ʫʣλȴլɫ˵ȵȨƶԹԹ
ָָ㣬̾Ϣһ鰡һ飬ѹҼ̫үԸüҷһҪϸĶϸζ
˵ǣҼ̫үȷʵƼ⹫Ȿ飬Һ
֪Է򸾲ѰȻżӣɴﵽ͸һɴݵʣʾνĹɣǰҲ½ӵĸϿ֮£˱½ҶүΪǿ
һֵĸоǰ˵Լֻ֣װǵһ֪ˡ
ڵ𣬼ξʵƫִһˣǰֹܾݡң˺
ЦЦӺһ׾ƣʣ˿СⱾ飬˿Ķͬ˽֮ɷȴ֪һ棿
˵ҲֱӣԺɫ˵ȵϲְ֣⼸ĸ䣬˼顣㲻дľʵĴ͹ݣйӵܣз䡣Īڴˡ
̾һǰҲһвµˣ飬Ǵ۽硣ϣôһطôЩˣԹŲͬƶ󣬶Լġǰմڼȴһ֪ΪԼҲǸ˵ɻͷһ룬䵽е磬һݣδܱ˼ҹøáԺķɶ˼Ӧԣ͹ͷ۵ˡ
вԷƱ΢ЦſŸ㽫µģֻǡдһ˵סģȻ˵¡
ڲ죺о仰ϼҲһ仰Ըˡ˸ղǰʱ˵ģǸµӣֻ»ĥѡҿǫǫ񣬽ضǸ󸣴֮ˡ꣬Ҳ˳ɵӣ˿𡣿Ϊ£һЩغһЩǶԵģٲ᷸²ֲĴ˶ΪʧȴģΪ˵ȴһַԣеʱĪһһйɣзƺ׳ֻŵˡ
۾ôһ˵
һֱֱ羰̸Ҳתһ˼ģ
һüͻȻڵЦ⹫ӣҲ˵ֶŮ鿴ҺŵŮҲǰһӣĳСû¾ѧỨųͷԼһ԰ڳɲ԰ӵ¶
Ա˶СЦ
ڵǲ˼
һЦЦʣ⹫ӣ˵½ѧ飬μӽ˳츮ԣλ½Ӿ½ҵүˣ
Ѿ϶Է¶Ϳػش𣺡ǣλ½ҵĵ½
ϣԭ½ĵѹָղ˰Ե½پһƷһ֮£֮ϣղŵ½ӣǱǸȻô˵½֣ȴǺη֮⡣
һ㣬ȻӲڵ۾
½һֵ֣˵˵Щɶүү֡үүүүҡ˾ǱƢղе֮˺͸Ҫϡ̸ϰԵҪԵȾͻᱨҵˡ
ͻȻʲôˣ˵ǡʯͷǡѦ۸СʲôúȻӼֻ۸ǿġ
㲻Ѧ𣬵мַ·𡣡ȴãΪ˶ܲ
㣡ҲŲأ
Ц
ҲûʲôôϯضߺȾƱ죬պǢ
һ渻һ̸ǰɽϷϸ˷ˡʱȻ磬ûظˡ
˵껰Ҳȸͷ˵һ֡
ŷ̧Ż͹
ˣͷ͸ˡ
һ֣룬롣
ȸһȺȥ½ӻ
ڣӣҲˡ
½޾ʵصͷãɽǻȥμڵأȥˣֵñ
ڹûе˼ٶԶ˵ˡ
˵Ů˵ڻȥ·˵ЦԵ÷ǳˡ
ӱ˵Ѧ󴣬зǳˬһ·϶Ÿһ˹ѡͣ
ȵ֮ɫźÿЩ
óȥѽ˵Ҳ֣ͻȻٲǰյȡ
ˡ
ΪҪȥμ½ᣬ½ӾͷԸӺͻؼȥԼһ½
½ſڵĺѾˣſҲͣ˺ܶ೵ǹԱİŵģµˮйͨ
һ½ӵмСӭӣôŻϾҪʼˣ˺Ͷүˡ
˵ŻͲס÷ϵĻҳ
ңȥ½ƿСˣ˶𣬵ﶼ𣿡
һСӻش˵ֶˣүС㣬ѧĹǣᰲԺүͷ˶̫үҲҪֻǡ
ֻʲô½ʡ
Сӣֻ½үʹӻû½ү½ĳӣ½Ĵ󲮸½½
½ˣסʣ½ȥˣô
Сӻش𣺡½үֵأҪЩŵڴӣСҲ֪Ѿһûˡ
һæ½أǰ·
СӣӣҪȻѣʿӺүСǽտɶأһȥϸҪԶү
ʲôһˣôི½һţۣҲǣͬһȥԺ
Ժܴ½Ҽۻڣŵƽʣϲ
Ϊѧʿӣ½ҵļҾžۡڡ½á
ղС˵ģĶ˺½ҵӵܴöܹʣԽȴԽòԾ
½ۼ⣬ʱȵغһڸ磬Щôһģ


174 ɱΪİ
Կȥȴ½ӵܻԺúǻϽһɫ䳤ͷϻһڶ
磬ԽԽ죬ȴôҲ벻ʲôط
ڣ⡭ôˣ
ӴЦעĿ
һߴһСһ־䣺һʱѻ˹ڴͷΧһתĶ̷С裬˿̥ܱһ裬ᣬӶңһĿŴ飬ý˱׹šϴɴԾɴȦ񡢼¶籿㣬ߵī࣬״ЬԽԵ縵ۣʩ֬תζ飬ЦȻһηϣȫüңƽ˼Ϥ۽ǡ
ü䣬ôһֶܱһɫͻȻˣǡʯͷǡġ
ûóָʱһڡŶЦ̫ˣһøƵģͬһģЦɷҲ
Ҳײײã
ҲǳԾ벻Լġ¥ΡӰȻĴ˾ʱװĳˡ
½Цſ߽һˡ
һŭȣСʲô
һ½ĸ½Ҷү½쿡
ǣһʮֱͬʱӭȥҾݼү
ݼ½ˡ
ݼ
һʱ䣬ݵ궼϶һʯڻζ½쿿ۻңȴӡ
ں½Ҳӭȥ밲
½һһں󱲷һѣЩźЦˣãλɣ̫үӲ̫ãͲͬҼˣɡ
λԣŸѰá
½˽ɽ亣ζˮ
½һƣĳ½ӵܣѧʿӡв˼μ˳츮ԣһԤףλɹ
лү˶˱ӣһ
Ҳһ
ƹѲ½쿽ӷ£һ½ڣҹ綼һֱϵӵкӦ꣬˵Ӧ½ϵӵεġ
½ү֪ԼСǸµĴкᷳ½Ӣ
ˣһʽ½֡ϾżⲻҪʫ½鼫ߣǺѡ½ʫһϲֳͨЩ޷̵ĵͼЦ
Ҳ⡣
ɺһȴû˴Ӧ
½½ȥȺȫǼֱ껨ƣͬ
öүһ
ã͢ʱվСӵһʿ磬һ׿Ⱥӣ½³ȥˣҪЩܻ
½Щջ𣺡СȥˣҲϯ½ҹ磡ɫΪ졣
͢£㲻ͬСһȥˣʲôҪﻹҪ½ʡ
͢һ֣ȷʵһ¡½һȥôүˣٵƬ̣ͻͬүһ˵Ż̲סں½һۡ
ʲô飿΢΢һЩⰡ
֣ﾲ
½ҲһȥˣȴΪΣ
ʱСүүүʹӻˡ
ˡ½쿺̧ͷȥȴ½½ͦص߽
˵Ҳ֣ձǼ磬˶űҲ⡣
½үȴͷɫƤͣϴһ쵲õķϻһ崺ϵĺɫѥذȵ졣
飬ҲɭȻࡣ
ڸ½Ҳˮͬϲո롣
½үһֳˣɳʲô£ô磿
հһӣϵ½ӵܣ˲ø¡½үֱߵ½ߣС
Ǳ½ү˵ʿӺӵܷ׷վ½ʺãʳʲô¡
ûʲô˵ģһС¡½Щߵں½ߣӶˣȻóʹıܣΪǰ˵һ仰߳࣬īڡͬ˽ύҪġ
̧ͷؿ½Աߣӻһվ˵ʲô񻰣ǲҲ磿ɲֵܺĵطڵͲķϣӲͬƽϡ
½ҧ촽ЦܣҲȴҲǵõôֳ£
ʲô£˵ӶԺˣ
ʱ½үͻȻһϺȣ½С˭ǰӣˣⲻĶ£ҷ̺


175 ë
һʯ쾪ͬһͷը졣
˶ͬʱͷת˹½
Ȼ֪Ӿʲô£ǵöү󶯸λ𣬿ɼȻҪҷɼ¾Сˡ
½һŶǽҷ
ƽռ½вǰԹģֻı顣
Ҳͷɻ󣬲֪½Ӿôˡʱ̥ƵģˣҹһҪ˹Ϊ½⡣½ү˻ôҪộ
֣½ҲɶͷԣվôˣʲôҲûˣ𣿡
СԼɵĺﻹ𣬷ˡˣˣ£
㿴ңҿ㣬ö֡
ֻʣ½үһʹӣһɫ
½үüͷһ壬ͷ½쿶˵һʲô
½үݺݵغһ½ȵȥԺʻѽڣô˵淣㣬ûɨ˴ҵͷ½֡
˵꣬һʹҵسԺȥˡ
ǣס½ɫϲɫһһѵõҫܹ游׺ʹ󲮸ᣬ½˵ķ
ȥȥ棬³ϣҲëˣվȥھ½ǣŭ֪Ĺߣƣûꡣ
½ܣ¾͵ϣֻ˾ͺá˭޹ӻͷ𲻻²ɶײףҪúϴ
ϴ½ŭģͷɾ
Աߣ½үһ½ںʲôȥúø㸸׽͡
½ź޺ݵˡ
вЩ½±çӼһ¾Ϳڲԡ¼½үһԲϣֻ¾Ҫ⡣
˼½ļ£һˣҲﲻæֻϸż
½ȥ½ү½ҲתӳԺȥ
ھߵʱͻȻͣڣ
վʩ񣺡½үڡ
ãˣҲȥԺػɡ
ڣҲСͺ
ֻ½һɫ񵭣һжԤһ
һֲõԤУʣ½үԺ½ҼҾ죬ȥ̫ʡ
½үͻȻЦһȥȥʲôִƽãӸλȻȻشһƣڸоܴѹ
ڻ̧ͷ򶨵Ȼү˵ˣˡ
̧ȣ½үȥ
󣬴½ϲЦλͬλѣҪղ»顣½٣ȷ
д޵Ļ͵⡣
ɷô飬Ҳûƣֻ½ӵ͢һ˸Ц½ˬ͢²ţ

˺ԺһݣѾվ˲ˣ½쿺ͼҶд
½һվУȻͬ׶ţ
ڽȥʱһ񣺡ѧڣ
һƣ̾һڰڣҸô˵أʹļ׵ùȲϵŵذ塣
ڣγԣ
ͻȻڣҲҵĵӡԭ½£ýġΪǵˣҼصѧҲǴĳ˼ʾΡ´үͶүʻʱþʵش𡣡
и֣ʵڲԼӾʲôǣѧȻ֪޲ԣ޲
Ǿͺá
½үһݣҲ˵ˣͶλϡ
½һȣӷѣС֪Ϊʲô𣿡
½ӣ֪Ȼ½Ĺݶӡ
ݣʲôݡռ䣬Ҿ֪ǸǻΪͻСδЩݡ벻ȴȶ۵ĳ¡㣬ǲˣ
⻰ŻȻף϶Լ½ھ¥ǸƭӵһĻñ½͢˿С˾ܵ½ү˺״
촽һҪ͡
ͻȻ䣬ȴһȻ½Ǹ֣Ҿ֪
ǰԻ½үվݺݵس½һǶ⣺½磬㾹Ȼ֡øС֪㷸´󵽺εȳ̶ˣȻȥ⣬ǽ֪ˣ½δ棿£һȥ㲮Ѽ죬ŽǸ֮ס»Ҫȥˡ
һǶüأӰҲѪ
ҲͻȻһǶŪһ㣬˵
½Ҳǿһúã
ϴ½үһǶ⣬ӵҲˣ⣬⣬ֳԽˣ߽ҲʡۣһҪС
úã½ҲӲһͦ븸׶ӣôˣҾˣִΡ˰
벻½Ȼ˵ֻ󾪣½콫ʵ߶ү
½淴ڣܲñ˵뵱꣬ˡ淴淴˴ȴԼӺˡ
ʲôˣˣôţӴţȴ
½үŭ͵شӼҶҪƵس½ȥС
½ҵĹǰƣ滹ͽõӹγëһ䵽ϣνг⡣
ֻȥӱϵѾͱˣ¶һƬѪģ
úãúãӻڴУί
үᣬɣڴ󾪣ǰȥһץס½쿵ֱۡ
½үһû뵽½ӲҲû뵽½֮ݣͬʱеҪˣ
½ҵʲôʱֵϻ
½үһȣһ˫׻˦һߡ
Ȼ½Ҳյģ
˦֮½үĹ˳Ƴ½ȥ
ʱͻȻһӰ˵½ӱϣҪɱѽүѽ
һŮ
½үһ١ɰӵԼѣͷڿһһĺХŮӶǻʱ˺Ƥ
һѪ
ˣ½үԾؿŮˣͣ֡
½ĸ׹طˡ
طҲ˲ȥϵѪһôص֣ɱ𣿸ɴ࣬Ҳɱ˰ɣи̣Ҳˡ
ĸףղŻһӲһޣסĸס
ĸʱһš
ʲôޣʲô½үúǶɫˡ
ŵүʵһᡣϾԣӴˣ˿ԣʹ߿죿
½үؿһۣʲôףʲôǳʲô᣿ڣһҲзݣʵػֱȥã㹦
һӲ⻰ͻˡ


176 ̶Ҳ
̲סЦЦ鷿ص
½쿵Цˣ죬ЦϲŭȵЦʲô֮ͽ
ڣЦֻ½һ֮ǣҪ볩ǻ
ڣ񡣡
ƣ֮ߣҲ԰ߣƫҲʣΪΪԻƫ򰵡Ң񣬹֮š˴ĿĴϣʹ硢ܱҲضƫԸߣԳ֮ƫ죬ȡ̨衣ǹʼɣλ߲ӵΣͨҲ
ǰһʱڡҪ￴ģǵá
λ˵Ϭ½үͷΪǡ
½סˡ
ʱ½ĸӶҲֹס˿
Ц½үһ½Ļûֳ٣ûȳԱ磬ͼҷ̺ˣүҲǲ̶ңಢҲû⡣үţʴүǸľʲôڿ˾Ǹƭӣôп֡
һͨף½û뵽Ʊ磬ְס͵תͷ½ֳǸľʲôͷĿǼ٣
½үЦǼ٣Ҳ֪ܵҪԽܱα˷ѾѺãֻһﴦá
ĺ룬ɫЩɣ˵ɣܹŪ˳츮Ŀ֮ˣôҲǸͨĴҿҲǸƤ˲˲飬ͨգҲʶκιԱɵ㻹ǲ١
ŵʵҲѲ飬Ѿ϶ǸƭӣͷĿ϶Ǽٵġ
½λүͬʱʣԵ˿϶
ڽھ¥ϵһĻϸͬ˵һ飬½Ǻ˶֪ôп⣿
šŶһ½үһĶͷľǸƭӣ밡˳츮ԵĿҪôֻʮӣվݣһƭõǰ׼ƭҲûʲôʧУ½ǵ֪Թٳһ֪ôŪõĿˣˡǴ˳ˣ
ʱ½ӵĸһޣҵĶѽⲻ֮ԩѹѽ
½쿻ǰŸȵʲôСĵ׹ôͬһƭ˵ϻӬ޷϶ĵǴͷĴҡһټҷҲǶӵһֳͽɡ֮㡣
½ֽ½ô㣬أſҡ
ԭطѾһס˶ӵ죬ס᣺ĶѽҰ
ſңӻھҵ
͹Сɣ½ӿź
̾Ϣ½үǲϲ½ӡ½ļ£ǲ˵ĺܡ
ǰס½ȵԣͱϻˡǰ˵ʲô˵Ҫģ˵㲻Ҫ˿ġǱ𣬵ȵһȻˮʯ
Ӳˣ̧ˮһۣĿ䵽½үϣ֪ϲ֪ϲ½ҡǣҲҡӲԸ֮¶ӵֻĬĬˡ֮£ǶӴˣ½ҵĸײС檡
⻰˵һ涼ˡ
½쿻ڲ
ʱԺͻȻĿ
˵Ҳ֣ԣеǱʩħͬʱ
Ȼһ˵ҹˣİ㣿ФĶһͣȴƫƫţûѡ¶ֳɢ˰ɣ
ǣס½ҶλүͬʱӦһ
л̫үл̫үط־ϲ
ԭ˵½ھһæ͹طһ½ȥ
ȴԺվˣһʮ꣬ݳһͷӵˣɢһĪ״ǿƣȼξʵۻҪǿϰ֣һȴ½С½ˬ
磬磡Сһѱסӡ
ˣˣӱһڣĵ˿ѿˣ·һƬ
ڡͻȻסڡ
һҾأСڣ½
ղĻˣڳ£Ȼ˵ãȥɡ½˻֣СĿ
ں½ĸ˳ȥ֮½ŹһԵӣͻȻЦֵһûӣһխӶݲ¡ñ£ñ£½ҿָˡǳеʶǱѧ֮ʿǰСȲϣЦ
ͽȳ½ȥ
½ֵܻæͨһڵϡ


177 û
ҹˮ꣬ǵ̻һƬҲֲˡ
ԼıҹԵøǾס
½Ѿҹ鱾Ժټһ󶼶ͷأ˳֮Ĵ󺣣ڰ
߳ݣˮһʱˡ
̾ϢһתͷԺ￴һۣʱչеƹ鷿½ӵķͶ䵽ԺＸצϡ
½Ժְ֮½ү˵ʱѾ飬½ѾŰ壬˵ơӣҪˡ
ô£ʵڷңҲ˯ţո߽Ժӣһ˿Ϊѹֵ
һš˳ķ˼תһ׶ߵ̫ʯͿһСʯϣŽǴԾջ
ڶȥϳ½С½ˬͻȻѹһ޷죬ûûεСǴ֣һзƽӣѪŨˮ浽ҪĹͷ类Ȼ޳һ˶
߹ȥС㣬ô˯ҹȴޣ
ҪܡСŭһתڣˮȴӿø࣬ļȸ߷ǳĿӣС죬ڣ磬ͷѹ˯š
ȥ˯ɣƤûµġط˶ֻһС˿ڣû󰭵ġǰȥӻͳһֽݹȥ
С˹ȥоֽͺһ˿ȴ֪ⶫԼʲô
;ȵ̧ͷ
ָָָָֽԼ۾ͱӣʾͱ顣
ֽǰûʹģõǺֽĹաֽöǳ滹ӡ˰ˮ
Խ֮ܵϲûֽͨ˼ҽ֣õһֽв޳ĶεʵϣⶫʱýɣŪֵΣա
Ȼ󸻴˼ҪЩֱˮϴ
½С㾪ȵı飬ڲɵ£ȻǰķΧЩ̫
½ˬһϯһͻȻѹ
Сֽ˲ᣬͻȻ˵ڣ治ʲô½С㡣
˵ʲôҲӻͳһֽݹȥ
Σ½ˬδᣬŵ⸮еСӺѾǶƶ˼ҳиĸֵܽáֻǳԲϷˣ½ɼˣ˼һɹúͺԺĶ˵ɣÿ졣͸׶صڸŽؼžۣĽǣ㿴½ңֵ֮ܽңҷ㣬˻硣
СʱΪСְ£۸ÿζǶҳͷӣֱ˴໽Сɼˣÿɿұ۸һȥҲ֪ӵģɲ֪ôģһӣݺݵ׽Ū
Ǹʵˣ⸮ﻵʵ̫࣬ٲѧ㣬ٶҪ˺ġڱͷѪȽѧ㡣
֪ϽˣҺﶼϲǣΪʲôеܲϷŹأ
Сˮʣ͵ʯϣס鶯ҺްҺô½һƶ˼ңֻҪһһٲõ۾һͿʼʲôطòԣᱻʲộҲɰӡûϢҲ޷½ʱѰгϢķżһΪˡ
簡磬һҪһҪ˳Ѿͬүү˵ˣֻҪ˾ˣҸŵĹְԶԶ뿪ĵطʱ򣬾ͲҪٻˡǣ⼸նȻ࣬ɿƾ˭˵
ڰοģڡ
ǣҡңһǣЩġУⱲӾҪڸܱ𷿵ֵˣȴҪ뿪ӡң᲻ö硣
һ仰˱ˣ񱻴̵һ£̲סȥСԴҹˣȥɡ֪͵͵ޣҲ֪ĳʲôӡ
½С˿Ĩһŵػ˷
СʶļСıӰ𼴽ԣȻʮɵİգɴ֮ǰͻȻЩ
½ˬղǾ䡰᲻ö硱ĸŨҵ顣ִĸĸָǰиʹ
̫ʯǰվƬ̣һͷݶ׵شң̣綼ǻľҡҷŴġ
ڷ𣬡Ʈɡ
̧ͷȥҹеǶѾŨ֡
м½ӶĪʳҲ֪ζҲ˵֪ͲФ֮ˣȴҲǲ֮ǵԣ֮ߣиȻ֮С
½ڶӹ
λ˼ǣÿ춼ҪԺȣȻΪʲôʳ֪ζءΪǲ֪˼֪ȥ˼ֻǻʬһƫ켣
нǿϢ
˳ҹһں˵Ļ˵ڶ½ķ俴ȥĵһǿ֮ġڳˡ
ţͻȻˣĵƹͶյۻ
ָͿ۾ӯӯɳ⹫ӻû˯үȥ˵
û˯أ鷿ʵȣߡڵ˵ͷȥӡ
ʿ꣬ͬŮħͷ˵ˣֵҪ˵һҪ֮أͻȻ֮䣬ˬʵЦԺıԵúܲЭ
ûķεĶѾȫָˡ
һ߽½ķ䣬ȴһСӾôſڴϡ屻ɴúľһǰ鼮ѻϣ̯ˣ¶֡
˿û°ɣһüͷ
û½ش𣬶͵úöѪƤáҩȴЪϢôҹѾһˣҲͦסѽ⹫ӣүĻˣȰȰɡ
һ۾Ƥˣʲô¡Ҳˣʲôȥ̺СĴȡ
ʲôףͻȻһôףȥ̺ɣһͨҹչ㡣ɣָһȥ
æο㣬ȥɣģء
ߡջس˻֣˳ȥŮˣô鷳
ȶ뿪ھ½Լʲô
䣬½ȴһɥ̧ͷڸ磬Ҳ뿼ˣûġ
˵ʲôƨڶʱˣԣۼžҪսˣȴǲˣ
Ȧһ죺ûİȥ


178 
ʲôģֶ˿ҲûʲôôЦһˣûģһôôһСûǿû˱£ƫƫʮ㣬ǽԴɿӣµĿ๦ҿɶǿġĺˣڵò˿øΡ
ǣǡ½һǷϡ
ˣûõĶкüζɷɲϹӣֲֺ½ҵĶү
ǰʲô˵½Ҷү˭ҿǲֺҵġӵ۾ָһɡ
ǣһʹ࣬˫ֱԴڸ磬ʵ̫࣬ԴըˡѾһţ˶Ϳˡȫˣôô
ˣȵþ
ڸ磬ҼƽҲûôùΪʲôģѵͲԼ𣿡
Цʣӣ˵ЩġˣҪ鷿ЪϢˣҲ˯
ӵǰ߿ʱҲİ
ڻûʧһڴ֮ǰԼʵɡһ㣬ǰ̫̿࣬Ӷˡ
ʱ򣬵ѧҵǳߣŮͬѧ죬ٳԵ㶫ȱ֣ϼǧסһϴ裬ϴ˯
һһ绹Ǹ磬ͻˡ
½Ҫ˯˵ϻ
˵꣬ڽеֻյȶˣתš
ڸ磬ȵȡڰд½ӵڸ磬һһæ
ӣ顣
ͣת¿˵ЩĲŵƨ
ǣǡӣһҪ¡ڸ磬ұĿУҲֻ½ҲһԵķǱ˵ġ
ͬǰʱı߼ͬ˿̵½Ե쳣ƽȻģȻҲΪ½αо٣Ϊ踺⼸ʮǣûģвˣַų󻰣Ҳ֪½ʲôӡ¥ϣ£Ȼݳסٺ٣ȻѾԾӡڸ磬ˣµأ⼸գ˳һ£ȱӾ͹ȡұûУǧõóġ
һ仰ʯ쾪ڴסˡ
죬һӣҪףôôŪ𣿡
ûԹ⣬أ½˵⼸ֶΡһǼдϸϸسСֽϣ취ȥ
ǰҲ˵ڲݿ峯ʱõʵƾٿ볡ǰҪͷ飬ظֽѣˣСֽϳ£õ룬ҵþѡͶȼõдͣ飬ֱִʡԲôдҲдôС֡
ͷһ˵ˣſڴϵ½
дӿãЩ鷳½˫Ŀȫ̹⣺ƻľ˴оһͬһӣھ¶Է֡
ⷨҲô򵥣д֣˼Լܿйǹ֣½ˣһҲ̫áڸ磬Ѱ˼һ£ûи׵ķӣȻҲһ¡
ڴŭӣҲ㣬ǸɲõġдС˷֣˸⣬δؾܱ֤о١˷ˣٺ٣ⱲҲ군ˡĸףӣĳ£Ժôȥǣ
ڸ磬ڸ硭½Ľٲͷ
бƣڻ԰תһȦ½ղ˵Ĺ˵ֶΣͻȻһģ׻ƽ©ľʲôĿˣⲻǴ˵еġؽڡ
νؽڣָھ¹ٱʶļǺšƾٿҪͳһ¼һΣԷϳʼ顣¼޷ϱʼǿ뿼ԼţԾʱھбν֮ؽڡºšĿ
һ˵ؽڴضľӡͷ£һʡ
ƽѾ˵úȷˣ½ԼˣµĹĿǰ˹ĸһ֡
ڵʱû뵽һ㣬ֻǼ򵥵ΪԵĿǡνԻʱɻ󣬾Լͷյ˳츮ԵĿⲻôͻȻͱˡѵΪԼĴԽʱշ˱仯
ǡЧӦǻЩ鷳ˡ
񲻾˵ԼͷյĻԺ͵ԵĿͳͳҪϣԺÿԼ汾һһſ
һ뵽ͬʱľӢڿһ£ʵ˵ڻЩĵġ⼸⣬鶼Щˡ
ͨһ㣬һɣƵʱˬ
һʱ˯ʡ
ջشݣͿڰһŮӣһʱһʣ˭


179 Ψҵʤ
û˵ŮĬĬ
һ˲䣬תͷʲôڲŻڣӢúҹ֮׶ˡ
ĸоǾȣ⾿˭ѽ
ȻûеƣҲûſվƬ̣۾Ӧ˺ڰſһЩ귢ӰȴʲôŮ
Ժû긾Ůѵǡ
΢΢һСʣ˭ôкָ̣
긾˻ڳĬһͬʯһ㡣
εڵ˹ȥǰ˻ΡûзӦҪָյǰȥ
һš˵½ĸ׹طˡ
ŵæΪΣˣС񣬻ˡ
ϵĻ޻ʯˣƵš
ˣӰһ㲲԰׵ƤѾɳڣ۽ϸܵơƣǱһᡣ
ϹһȦɴѪ߰ߡ
ǹط˭
æһ֣©ҹˣ֪кηԸ
طʣӻͳһǮƱطϡ
ڶȥʮԼʮģиɻ󣺡ˣΪΣ
û˵꣬طͻȻվͨһǰصڵϡ
ڴ󾪣ҲȥˣҺ½ͬҵĳСܲ𡣻У˸ôǮڲʲô˼
طỹڲסʣڣղͳ˵ĻѾˣﳩɡôһӣֻҪܹгϢȥҲĸԸǮһС
˵УЩ
ڵǳһͻȻףǹطԼ½װϾһŮˣİӵæҸ˰æӵѣֵΣµѡ
æѹˣ¶϶á£½ⱲӿɾˡաɡƳףǧ
˵أطһף˸ĵӰһһҧ³һ䣺ɳӣⱲҲ˰
ڣ˵òԣʱ˿̿࣬Ҳˡ֪ӲҲһв֮ˣҪġ
طҡҡͷ̾һ⹫ҲҪƭԾô£½ÿ궼ôӵܲμӣɸûСο˳츮ôʿӣǧľţ½Ҳҿ϶õ˹ֻ£⹫Ҳûʮİհɡ
΢һĬҲ̾ϢһĹԱԾļҳ̶ȣĹԱԣ¼ȡʻҪ౶ͽ˲żüãԵòпᡣԼȴִ鵽ԵĿ⣬һҲء
ҲǿЦڱռִ˵ıˣټһõĽָƫƫҪȥȰ½;ƾ汾½δЩˡ
һɲǣȴЩҡˡ
ڣˣûʮİաǣ½ĳ£Ǻڲ½ӾвˣҲʧλⱲƽƽ֣ѵ𡭡
ʲôطȴͣһҲǱ߽ˣѵǿ⸮ʬ⣿¹Ц½ұϿٻһȴ˶ˡԺ̷𣬲£ȴϹӡ
̫үѾˣܲܰ컹δ̫֮үڵʱбµĶ裬˻Ҷ½Ρִƽʱ򣬲֪˶ˡ̫үүѾʧȴ֣вĦȭҪ½Ҳһ˼ȥˣ½Ҿˡ
浽һ죬㳩ڸ̫̫ƽƽһҲܡʧȥ˸½Ҳһ⣬˭ܿһڡʱֻ²ȱҧԼ˾ȵöүһ򿴲ⷿһ֮Ҳѵһˣȫ˼䵽½ϡ
ûʲôʶȴҲ֪һ̫үȥھǣͻлǰˬ˵һ£ضڶܹиˣƴҪҲ̫үȥŵĹٶ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ضڶ׽Źطһ仰ȻϷͻȻ
ڴʵʷϵ֪½ȥ֮ǰڽָʹλϵЩ˶ͬʱ½ҴӴһʲǡ¥Ρļһ㣬ɢʧʷĳ֮Сұ˳ˣеүҲѺگ꣬¡ʵ⣬ֻ¾Ҫ档
ʵʷչȥ½Ҳù
Ȼܹų٣㣬ڷ粨֮ʱܱܹͷڵطϽԼϵδûжɽĻᡣǿڸʲôҲԵ浽Ǹʱʸûеĺá
طȻǸˣݼʶ
ԡط˵㲻ΪҲӦ߿棬Щ顣
ڻ˼
طȴһͷڵϣֱϵ˿ڶĵñˣһźɫɴɢ⹫ӣһˣһ֪Ϊ˳ҲҪˣֻͷҲ֪¶ԹӶĪաҲʵ̫˽ˣǡǣΪһĸףȴܲ˽ӣԲ㡣
ˮڲסʡ
ڴ󾪣Ҳæȥˣڲһܲѽ
⹫ӡ
ڿЦĸסԼΣĸ˼һôأ
ֻ£Ҳɣ
Ȧһ죺գգգΪһĸףҲܲôˡڲҲôʲô壬һԽ˵ʲôֻҪסģԼӦģԼӦõģ͹ˡ
顢飬ֵػĶ
Ωһʤ塣

ĬĬص˵ͷط˴ӵϷֽһǮƱս
ڳ̾һ
طһϲɫһǸ⣺ӣҶԲ㡣
ڣСֶط

͹ط˻֮½ķ䡣
Ϳ½ҧͷ棬һͣ
ڿ˫ϣȴһ˫ЬӣȻǸճš
ĬĬʣӣղͬĸ˵Ļ㶼ˣ
ɿͷ̧ͷҲģ½Ϊӡ
˵꣬һȭǽȥ
һȭңȻһľڶˣֶֻ棬Ѫס£ðŰ˳ѪģһƬ
һվ֪ĸ׵˼ͺãúÿи˻ĸ⣬ͲǸңͰ˵ȥ
½۾ڡ
Ҳϻָպ˲ˮдĸһ֣ȻдԣʲôĿⲿһĸһ⣬о١
ǡǹؽڣ½һʡ
ȴûشֻɭȻʣӣ㵱ֵܣ಻ҵĻֻȥˣҿʲôҲû
ȥּĨȥת߳˷䡣
Ŀ⣬ǲй¶ӵģһ©˷Ҳø군
ƽѾͨˣ½ǵĹؽڣ½£˳ȥҲֻΪ½һ˴Ǯ½Ǻͻƽ֡
ƽȻǲµģ˭ȥϯ࣬ңδûмξʵ۵Ĭ
½ǣҹȥ


180 
½Ժӡ
ҹѾˣֻһĵڼҵĶҡҷ
ϣһԳŮڷɿ춯˿ޱ֪ʲôʱѾߵ£¶Ǻˮ塣
嶼ѾԵӷˡ
ֻƬ̣еǸһˡ
µŮӣʪܵļү壬Ѹߣūлѹġ
ûֽᡣ
˷һЦЦүӲ𣿡
ԼʮѾ΢΢ҲЩƤɳڵعϡɿ٣ɶʱҲһɫӡ
½ү½쿡
УŮӴӴֱ¶һ壬ظ½쿵ıĦȻ½үҧһڣүͣ˷ūӶǱ㶶ÿҪɢˡүԺвˣ
˵Ů½ĸ׷
һ½ȼһŻ𡣿ȴǺ޷Ӧ
ǿҵĴ̼۾ˣ̾Ϣһˣˣˣʮˡ뵱꣬ûСʱ²һʱ䶼ֲס
Ѫͷ½үĶһ򣺡ү鲻ãššԣȻ
ô˵½үǰһĻƤӿȥ޺޵غһǸʵڿɶ񣬾ȻǰȻǸТ½ôôĶ֪ˣӦֱˤڵϡ
ǰϷһУѾ߷ɿ챨ȻǿĵÿҪȥˡȵ½үȻӭʹ˵ֶΣү̵ü
Ӵҵүڣ˵ЩĵʲôҲ±çЩƷвЩϲ۸˰ˡɼܲס˼ҵ̫үĳ谡ū˵ˣ̫үӿǱý˵Ӷָˣ½ҽÿ֧š˵үҲҪǰŪã˼гϢˣӵҲÿӵɫ
ƨһĶŵ½үŭһڴϣ֪ô˵ģ˵½쿿Ÿ̫˸йûǰ㵱ܣ˽ʿǷ⽮ˣƳϵ飬˭˵Ÿ߰˶д²пٵ⣬ȡ㣬Ҳûзӡ̫үҲϺͿˣô½Сı£иҲѣ˵ʿˡ˾ˣҲżıС٣ڽ̫үľλǿʲôطȥ
ǿģȴȰ㣬ͬСʲôӽгɾͣ㲻Ҳй⡣
ɾͣƾ½СǸӣ½үЦЩʱģҲɡӶһҲûʲô˼ˡ
Ľָ쵽½үؿϣָһػȦʣүԣ𣿡
½ү˼ĲŻӦòѡʵǰҲ̸¡˵ˣ½ѧ˵Ǳеġ
ˣָҲ
ĺãҲУˣһ͢£һڡˣһɡĻǿŵġϵ飬˵
ŶȻˣûˡüЦǲģ΢һɣʣ½أ
Σ½үӵ֣һ񣺡С֣˶䡣
£ﳹ׿˾ˣнʿūⱲҲû׻
ʿɲ˵½үһЦ½ҵȨƣи˾ͿˣȻкõİšıְλһһ߱Ҳ⳯дԱǣҲûǵһξ͸нʿģ˭ǿʮŹ͵ġ
٣˹ˣҲһƷʲô˼Щ⡣
ˣ㵣ʲô½ҵĺͱͨ˼ҵľ˵⡣˵ӣ½үѹˣ̫үѾϼƺˣҲȥΪ½ҵӵѰ˼ݸ׮ѣһԷµةƷ͢١һǽ㶼תʹ˾й٣ƷΪ£̫үǰѴǰõ˼
̫ˡүȥʣ
½үѾˣȥˡһǸȱһȴܲġңµطҲɵõĥԽҲкô
ɣ뾩Ҳͣ
Ϊʲô½үȻʡ
ʲô½Ǯ𣿡һ˵ﲻǴƷԷ¿ƷپҪ٣ôСȥ뿪ǣóǵ⣬һĻ𣿡
½үһǾȥ˵ĺá
һ䣬ŭȥɷ
ˣˡ
ūˣүԻذɡ
ˡ
˰죬½үڳסһˣɣҲ᲻
ү̫ˣֱӣһڡ
Ǻǡ
үūһһѹ
½үʣѹʲô
ͻȻպ޵˵檣ϾҪ͢٣һְչأ͵÷ھܹõھ𣿡
ԵģԵġ½үƾĸ󣬴˵ʱԡ
ллү˹ͷ½үؿתȦ
½үԼ˷Ӧһѽ˵ڴ
ǰѽ꣬ȻҲòȴȲŮӡ
ƤɳڣЩơΪʩ˺ۣܺ֬һԵúܰס
½үԵظоǾƤⶼѾɿˣͬһŲ
ԼСһȥ졣
塣
òŮ˶ǣֻҪүԸ⣬ָһеǡʶȤζŮȴࡣ
Ƿﻹô໨Ҳ³ʲô鶼Ըȥ
ү̹Сɧӣôô࡭
үҪ۸ūˣūҲ
үҪ۸۸û½үʱﻹа˵ģڶԻ˵˵
үūҺߡūȻ¥Ůӳ໰ȴ˵ڵġ
үҾϲ
үūСӣū˻۸ң

Ȼһꡣ
á
½үسһȴˣá
ŮϺζŷϵۣ֬Ѭ۾
½үͷȴ֪Ժ½վޱ顣
ָȴش̽ġ
еһСʱѾˡ
Ϊʲô߽һĵð𣬴Ű߰Ѫ


181 ֮ڵ
֦죬ҸС¯ԡţҲǣ¯ӻҲ첻ã඼ʪģ˿㲻ŻҪӡ
أŮ¯ǰһֻͲʹš
ľ̻̿Ʈ֦һȫṇ̀ڵøһǻ
һľ̿
֪ǵ춹ģһͨԹҲֻٺЦţ˿ȿزǿͭСӡ
ôôľӶҪˣɣЩʡĵġӼֱŵģͷһʹ˿ȿ
Ǻǣ˾ǱЦŽӵݹȥʣӹһЩʲô
ӣ壬УϸĻҲͷ˼ˡˤӣ湫þ߿ɶûͷǮ˵ЩһʱҲ򲻻ǹӽӣˣǰ̡ɶҲ˵һͷײǽϸɾ
߶˼䣬Ӳŵ壬Ҫ湫һˮšë͹ȥģѾ鷿һˡȻӱ̫ɹһգȴһ
ãȥæȥ﷿ˮ˽鷿ȻšˮСĵصݸһԷܱʼڣӣë
üͷдֵӣ쳣ţֻһӲˡԴӶʮǰܹɳʹ֮ڸһη塣
Ҳ֪Լ˶ȻһͨֻҪ˾˺ͽʿ൱ڻ¡
˵үҪӺͽʿүġˣرйĶˣǿϵ·Ѿˡ
ǻСٳΪӾݽ档ִ󻷾Ӱ죬ܹڵļˣԼй⣬·ҲǺ
ллڿؽӹëһֿ˿ԺæµĶӺ֦εҡҡͷ̫ˣȥʵ鷳
ǣûһʲﶼɻȱһС
˳츮Խӡ
Թÿ졣ķıôϲճþߡ
ϾյĳԺٸһŲΡ
ˣôʳꡢˮľ̿ˡףԼڿ
ȻҲԴǺȣȥò͵þȵ޷ʲ˵ʳжΣաңԵĹʵϸڿڼ䣬ٺ۶߽ȥҲṩˮԣǴȥҲᱻҭ
˳츮鷳Ϊ˽Լѡʵ̫࣬𵽵ʵ̫鷳֪μ˳츮ԵŴԼǧ֮ޡ
⻹Ǻõˣɽա㽭Ľ̴ʡÿԲο׵سǧ
ڶһ̫⣬ͽʱҪĶһŽȥ졣һС£ȵӽ֮ؼ֮ڲɵۣ̲סһʵ̫̫ܵˣЩһٲãһȽ˿ͷ۲ѡⶫȥ죬ˡ
ԺѾѳһСɽУƴһԼһ׶ʮװĸ̣ǣϣҲԱϣģͬӰٻŮĻ꡷УɳǸЩ·𡣿ΪüӣԷһ¯ӣһڹͶʮľ̿ףͼܲһΣһģľ壬ֱһͷһţԿءװķıͻ޻ʯҶ͵ơ
⣬һӺһɶ飬ʱ򣬿ֱӶͷϡ
ôණͻȻЩߣ˳츮ʵڿɶͶ᲻óҪԴ̫ˡ
ͯԵʱһӦֱṩȵʱ򣬰ӦϼṩˮʿǷ¡
һллǾִ٣ǺүСӦġ˵ֻҪ˾ˣдƷٿүı£ôҲŪү
һЦº͵˵ǲһʤһˣүүġ
ǣү
Σֵ٣Ծ˹٣ĳɾҲ޵úܣôҲ˽ʿ˵ϵû׼˳츮ԣžǧˣֻ¼ȡʮʮ˵ֻһС˳츮˽ܵ飬伤ҡҲڱ֤
ô˵үһеģ˵οԵүĶʦӦϼˡԼˣȡ˭ȡȻȱԼҵӡ
ǲ֪ƾٵĹأľ֮Ҫר¼Ȼֺϡʦ˼ҪչĵӣҲ֪ҵľӾһݡ
ԭȴǲ֪ġ
ͻȻЩ棬ʣô֪Ƶǰˣ
æүŲ֪˽ڳοأСõ˶ӴϽү¯ӡ֣˹ȥʡȴóˣ˶ӵһͨԹأ
˵Ż˼ץץԴ
ŶԭοֵӰԼţƾƶôһء
ԭÿ֮ڣȥʡٵڿرܼաȵǰһ죬طҪȥ˰մͷʽȻ㰸Ϸ˿ʥˡ
ȵδʱѱõժϵİ̧̧˳̧ϽСжǰйĴ࣬Ŵ򡰻رܡྲ࣬ϽͷǳӣȻȫǹӡһҪʱֱһشգϰ׷ӿϽͷղʦķɡ
ڵʵƳ֮ϣʦϵֶδعãӮƾʵѧ
еģ϶Сһ֣أԼڵһҹʹȭͷ
ڲ֪оʲôֻЦЦЩ̫ˡһ绹ȥԺî̫壬̫߳ϸ˴
ǣСȥͬӴ˵
˳鷿ֽϽ˳츮ԵĿдһ飬õȻǺƴȻֽͷһļĿı׼һ飬ȷûκ©Žֽյϵˡ
ȵϵʱ䣬컹ģһ£Ǻʱĵ㡣
Ҳ̫˵ɡ
׼ǰʳѾ˾飬֪ڿǰԵ嵭ȴ̫ء˵˲ף֦
ŮĲĽբзϸϸؽ˳ɽϲзСְһ㶹硣
һڳԵˬЩסˣԹҲϰֱɴ˯
ڴ˰ձ컹ţֱ嶼˯ˡ
Ժǿϣһֻ֪ڲסؽš
ӺͲסϣǳӷɹɹȥҲ뿪ֱš
˯ʣ۵ùꨣȴ룺ڵȵˣؼһȥˣɻȥСèƨɡ


182 ǧľ
һ׵Ļ˵ȥջȥèƨɡ
ڡ
ǹؼʱ̣Խ꣬ȵĲһ
һᣬһҧƴˡ
˵ҲǼٻ֪˿⣬ڻ̲סз
Ȼ˯òʵһֱڰΰ֮䡣仹½ΣμԼڿ˯ˣһصִᣬҲˣμԼڿģһתۣëȴ˸ֱʣֱȴҲˮ
μԾȥȴͬʵʷȫȻͬԼȴһҲ
ج͵ؾѹ󺹣ڴ˴죬ƽȥ
ʱرƿڿŵߵǰ
һӣͿڶһ˫۾ɵԲĿǾ⡣
ŵһӣѹˣ
ڳһʱˣ
ӵͷĩٵ顣
Ժîʱʼøǰͷȥʱһֵһ⣬Ҳȥ
Ьϴȥֽڴ·ָͷһٶһˣŴϷ
Σʡ
ܲãҪˡӻشͣ
ڲȥ䵽Ҷϵġɳɳͽһ⡣һһҲ֪¶Ȼήʲôӣڿ죬Բһ顣
ŮҲˣæ׼緹ƹһƬ
һë
һŨڣﹾ˰죬ˮ½֦ŵ̵ûӦë͸ϣȻһͨꡣ
£˯ǳײˡ
һ࣬Ƭƹϣҵ飬æš
ִЩʪġ
нӵԺſڣηڵˣһأҲϻֱӽڷϽӣ̧Ⱦܡ
һСɽƵĿҲȽӻҪ֡
ȴûиȥ˵ȥ˿ţܲˡ
ӵֳҵķһۣȴӾվԺſڣһǼٻɫĵƹ⡣
ҪȥԱߵһֵʱͻȻӿ˿вͣү̫̫֮鿴ŰɣүҪˣ
һ·˳簡
ӡͨһ³鶯
ڹսԱߵĽֵĵƹʧǰһƬڰ
۾ȴʪˡ

ȥμԣ½ҲаŵġѧĿǰһ춼ס˸ʱͳһ÷ȻʵְźõĽӳ
ΪҪϰ⣬뱻˿ԼĺƴС֣ԾԻؼȥ
磬ѧͬҲ١
ҹǺڵɽϵ˺ԽԽ࣬μӿԵǡ
ۼžҪ˳츮Ժ˶Ϻһʲôˣ
̽ͷȥȴðסֿڣһһ̲顣
ϵţͽӣµˮйͨ
磬ǰͷ
۵ĺЦŽһǮݹȥ磬һˮ˼ҼҹҪȥμ˳츮ԣи㡣
ҲǮһƣǳ˭֪μӿԵģһ˻ô𣿽ǸţĶȥ¡
ԴӽӹϵĿҪߡ
ȴǲǾҲЩƢڶǰһήήɿͬԼһݵۣȴǲ¡
ʱ˻죬ŭָſҼҹ㿴㿴ôණô
⵱ͷҲŶӺšʱĶˣҾ಻˶Ǵū͵ġңǵģ岻ڣȲ֣Ҫôණȥȷʵһǳʹ顣
ǣҲŹҪһӿ롣
ҲˣӺǰס㵱鷳ʵ̫ࡣԵǧ๫ÿ˶ˣȥ̫͵㳡ҲװġǾͲҪҵΪˣ๫ǲ𣬿ɴ㼸ӻǸҵġټҲˡ
ڼʵ̫ңæ˵ԼȥͲҪˡ˵öԣǹԺĹأá
ȱ˿ȥ˲ŰҲ½ر˶ȥ
ЩʿżҾǲ׼ĶȻʮֳ㡣һԼʮʱѹòסϢ
ңˤڵأ۵໽С
ʵ̫Ҳܲˣֻǰȥ
ȵ˹ԺǰС㳡˸࣬ɽ˺ҲΪ
ۼž͵˵îʱ̣Ӧˡ
е˶һģųصһ·ȵú䤱ͷҲˣ·Ҳˣһͬ㲻ͳ
֣ʵ֡
㳡ߺ
˳嶫ɽԺͬûУ
ƽʿӣТ壬ˣŹڵضЩ
ɽûУ
ǣǶռͬĹϵϾۼɴССʮȦӡ
ԵľƣеĿԶᰴյƬ볡ҼһҲЧʡ
籱Ŀ౻ַᣬƽǵַɽַԴơ
۶ͷӿͺķ֮Уľǰ׻Ĵβ
ֱƵۻ־ʵڲô졣
Ⱥ˰죬ҲЩ룬ԾվԭأŶ˰죬˺󶼶½ѧĿǶ
ӵǧ࿼Եͻأ
Ѱŷȥȴ½վһںľϴź
Сǰ˼ҷشͲ֪ɥʲôӡɿǼһģȴһĿܣȫȻӰ졣
񾭴ˣǳһȴòĽ
ӺһִӻͳһţǺһڣɤӣҲ֪׾ƻǲˮ
ڿúЦʱִһڸ磬ڸ磬Ͳˡ﾿ȥˣأ
ž֣ǰȥˣˣ
ڵȵ㣬½ѧˡ½һѱסڣͣڵıġ
͢º½ԱһӶ½ѧӵҲͬں½ӱһľ롣
ȿȣӱôҶ챻ĳˡæƿʣôˣ
û£û£Ƥ˰ˣѾ衣
治ҪڻЩģôȵ죬ǷˣûпصĹŴҪġ
ĺãû¡ӵڸ磬½ǸʲôģӣҪ̵ġ˱Ƥǳ£ȻеõĽҩ
ŷˡ
ʱ򣬹ԺͻȻһ죬һھҪ볡𣿡
볡أӻش˵Ƿ֣֮îʱʼҪһ֮󣬷ֿ볡·ӣˡ
ôô٣
ǧˣһʱ䶼δع
Ҫ̾۸ߺȣˣˣλ๫׼î
ǧ˶ʶһͬ˳ʱ˻
һݣ׳۰ǧֻ¼ȡʮˣǧľţ


183 ùҵķ
ܿ죬۾ͽͨ˳츮ԺĸֿڷգϳһƬ
ҪʼˡԱߣ½˵ֻ趢ǰϵĵдصֵ֣ʱǾ͹ȥŶӡ
ڷ۳ԶȥȴǰСǰߴˡ
ڿ˿ǰΣоɽ˺ŵĻȺĺƬ׳ۣ᲻ýĿŲӣǰûμӹԣô֪ô
½һǰѾӴｫμʱηõһСðǰǰĹؽڶдֽϣ˵úܡһĸףɫЩȻֵͷ˿ɴ֡
ڣֲҪɣܲʡ
û˵
ڴ۽ǵ⿴۽Щ⣬Ҳ֪˵Щʲôο
˵ٶҲûãڸзοԾͱС
ҲγˣУõꡣ֮У֪ʲôʡԼͬξĽһӴʷʼı䣬Ҳһ죬Լ֪ʷͻȻĿȫǡΪһԽߣ뿪ʵʷȴûκư
ܿ죬ԺǰСŵԱߵǰһؾֻسȥ
ʽʼˡ
еĿͬʱż⣬쳤˲ӳͷȥ
Ŵȫ͵ƺʿǴాҹ飬Ӫޣʮ꺮˶г̶ȲͬĽۡ
˽ĻЩԶˣС϶Ȼ
СԱߵͬˣ𣿡
ĸˣ
СҲ
ӼĿվȥˣһСĲȿˣʱһš
½ѧʿ۾Ҳ಻̫ãָԶ˼ˣסʣô£ӣ˭ˣ
½ҲдʲôӲ˵
͢£͢£㿴𣿡½ѧ½͢ΪףճҲϲаɫ
͢ҲڳĬ
֣ѧ£ֵġ˹ؼô˵أ
͢±ʵû취شûŭҸһҹĿãǸ
ڼʵżܿ壬ڻûǡ
ô˵ɫһɣ˭ˣ
ֳϵֿһۣ˵ƽغء
е½ѧӶͬʱڹ֣֣ʱǵúһ
ڵףȻ
ߣ½ЦһƽǼҺͽڸ磬һĸ߰ˣȴǰƺ󹧣ЦЦ
Ҷһ
˵տʼֻƽȺصǵǰҲʱû취ͬͯԣԿвţеǶʮǰšô˳츮ָ߿󸮣ûضٿ
Ҫ˶ݣҪѲ鿼̷ȻҪʱ䡣
껹ûͣЪƣϸţëվʱǱˮܵ϶ʪģܲ
ǣȺĿǴһϵĳͷϡһʱ䣬㳡档
һһˮʪϸоЩ䡣
ʿҲܣĲסŶ£Ҳ֪ܻǽš
ѾȫǺʱ㡣
½ѧĿǶСԹôȶˡ
һص½͢ҲһĽ
½һƽǻһƵġ
ò׵ȵƽصĿ½ҵĿڣСĻ
֣𣬸𣿡
ûأֳǰ˿Ϸֱдšӡ롰ˡ
ҶһǷϣڿϣþ
˳츮ʮءͨáԡƽݺʹˡƽ硢ɽ̰塢ǡİ塢ӡ桢ӡӡƽȡ˳塢ơʮأֻΪ˳츮ʮء
ŵĸصȫŪףҲ֪ᵽʲôʱ
ĩȵҹҲпܵġ
ԤԼ̫
ӡĽ̴أó棬ʱˡ
ֵͼݣضǾܱţפб߷Ϊȴ̫࣬ԱǰĸһأԵϡϡġ
һֵ˳Էʱ䣬ûС
ǣǧʿӶϣͳСڵسţ㳡һƬϳɣҶġɳɳ
½ѧĿҲʼԷˣ˶˸㣬Ϊ̫ɣʵֱۡ
½͢µĻʳ̫ãҲ˸㡣ǾøɳԸʵܣ͢¾ʹӿһ㣬һ½˷سеóѬ졣
ղ̫ء
ʿ޿̣ȴ˵ʲôֻüͷˡ
Ӹ׼ʳʱΪ֪Ҫһʱ䣬Ϊû׼еֻǴ׺߲ˡ
¿Щ鷳
εҡҡͷһˣڶʱù֦׼ЩСġ
û취Ǹ֣һٲԶûš
ֻܴӿҳ¯ӣ׼ЩҪ֣ӵݹһҶһȴһִֻƵĿ
ڴϲ̫ˡ
һЦԺȶ£ȴá
ں½еðͣ˶һĽʺޡ
ڵԤйȻȷûױǱͶȻǴɺİ
Ⱥʵ̫úܶ˿ҪıԵˡɿصأֲֻҧ͡
֮¿ʼϸϣȴô䡣
콥غȥ㳡ǧʿӴѾ˿ֻʣ߰˰ģ
ʱ򣬵ˡ
ںһˣ
ȴûзӦתͷһһﶼһľȻѾڵһƬհˡ
˺üһվųصĿǰӿȥ
ͨԺСЩխѾ࣬ҲԵü
СţԺִָߵǰ̨
Ŀλ֣½ѧĿǶǰźöӣǰ
Żͬһ۴
ˣˡ½ѧһȥȻ֣鿼۾ûκμд쳣һԺСһݾӺͷŵݹȥ
Ž֣صطŽڲϵĿ峯ȥ
󶼶½½ȫ
ˡ
½ȫĳ磬룬òݡԵϡеִտһۣͻȻһ½Ŷпӣ··
۾Ͳסشߴš
½ȫôҲǸйţοڴ̹֮ͥ¶飬һʱǳɫ
ǷСһ֣ˣˣ棬С½ȫڳ
½ȫ֮͸ǰ
һжճߣ˳ǽĶۿһ飬Ȼ
ȵʱµؿںð죬ͻȻһȣڣ
ڲ֪ΪʲôǣСڡ
ø֪ĴˣصأȻð俼ƻľùҵķۡ


184 
ƻľð䣿һ㶣ԴЩ£Ҳס
½Ҳʣʲôðģڸ½ѧʿӣһð䣬ôͬһ
СһЦλҪ룬Ǽٶ֤أ½ôһ죬дΪ졣
㣡ȭͷ
ͬ½ȥСָ˵ֽдڵòһڣòޡݣ
ԱЩʿӶСЦУ͢º½Ц俪ġ
һԼһֱõǰĴμͯԵ顣ΪӪˣڽѾһУҲһأģ˼ı䡣
СŭȵڵòӵһƤң߱۳ȴΥ֮£˶ǿϧˡѽ£
ǡʱ۳Ҫ׽ڡ
ųһеͬ½ѧһģǿ֤
תͷȥȴһԭ½μӿԵʮ඼Ѿ˿ֻʣ½͢¡½ˡ
½ӸղΪС˼ҿ϶ǲŵġ½͢¿϶ǲΪԼ֤ġ
Ȼһﻥ࿴һۣȻͬʱ۾һ˿Цݡ
ؼʱӹһֱ۽ס˭ң
۲ҶйŶ֣ʱͽסˡ
һ֣Ⱥһ
ʱƷĹԱƿȺ˹ȵô£Ƕˣɺͳ
ϣ˶ð
̧ͷһԼԺʱĶʦӦϼһڴǰ˿Ĺذݼʦ
Ӧϼһڣһ˿ϲáһŰ֮ˣõ˾֮󣬲ܺʦ
ǣˡ
Ӧϼ˵ɣô£ҲǸʥģǫǫӣôƽڿ֮ϣ
ڻؽղһͬʦˣ˳츮ڣðġ
ԱţӦϼǸԱȵؿһۣڣȻˡ
ŽԱúСһΪӪһΪûвμӹʧϳ¶̣Ʋ룬Щ
˴žǱԵĸ½ǰɣҲǸϽʿˣ;ϳʧ⣬ͬ಻Īϵ
һݵֱܶܵͶ˼ξʵ۵⣬ֻ»̲ʦ
ǣˣڡԼˡ
Ȼ½ͶСκǳôµģˣڳӣò仯Ҳǿܵġô࿼Ŷ볡ʲô˽ȥ
ǣͷС½һͨѵ⣬СЩίҪӿ
šӦϼȴסڣһ㣬˵ڣƾݡ
ˣα鷳½ԵЩ
ƶǸ˾ӣȻʦȴϣ׵ɣڸ
£еöˡ
֪Ӧϼӣָָ½½͢£ҵͬղλ½Ѿ֤ɹȴ˵һ֮ǲš
æǵģǵģҿ֤ڣ½ѧġ
˵ͷһ֮ȻţΪڣһ˵֤ʡͿ½һۣ󶼶½ĳ½½ǧԣԭ˵þ㡣
ԺİӦϼޣ½¶Щ΢⣺ˡ
ô˿ͬڣ̧ʾ½ƽʡ½òӢҲϲѵõغ
½ȴ˰ͷ½ʶˡǣʹðһ䡣
½ѧ볡ʣ½һ֤Ҳ͢һģ϶ҧʶڡ
һðƻʵˡ
쿼ԣڹԺηȹ
ȵףٿһٺ٣ھھдҲһвˡ
֮˭½ҵ鷳
ֻ٣ֻҪ˾ˣҲ򽻵ˡ
Ūǰ̾٣ȷʵЩǣеĺŨأһ˿γѹסˡ
˵仰½֣ص̧ͷ򶨵ɨһȦӡ
½Ѿһôס˵ıȴԵ÷ǳ졣
Ӧϼɴ۾һ˼ģ΢ЦЦƵᡣ
òһָ͢£Ҳ½ѧʿӣʥ֮ԴԼҲģ˵ǲڣ
͢ʶӦϼģȻ˵ѣګګˣˡȻԺڣʶ֤
˵껰ɿؿ½һۣͽͷȥ
½кһףһһ԰
ӸǾȣҲû뵽͢»ڡ
ӦϼЦǾˣڣ˾ӽɡ
ǣˣͬؿ½һۣЦе˾ӳԺȥ
󣬴½ǵĺʲôǧԣ޳СˣѧٸߣҲǲõġҿҲǲýˣúò½ǲð棬Ƿдϸˣ
Ȼһͨæµ۸ȵѿӣĹȵ

ȵʣֻþջһðɹɺ⡣
½Σ¾֪ˡ֮⣬ں½ѧĿǶֵֺŷеĺϿһС֣ئš
Կǳ棬ֻúÿΡ
ţһ߶ӭһС¥Сš֡дñվ൱ĺãȻ̫Ԫ谵ּеĻǲġ
¥ֳ˼ʮһ¥⡰š֣ǽƵīȡһ۰ٱ˼ٱȥһΡΡߴġԶ¥¥㣬¥ԸԺ
¥ҪĹǱʱ᲻ʱΪʱ䡣
¥ǹˣǵطٺԱ칫ĵطһССĿȻ棬ǵطȴҲȥ
ڵӺſԶ¥棬һˮİֻ׸ߣһ׶һع衣
棬Ƶġ
кŹٵڵ˺ƣͽ쵽Ŀᣬһƣˡ
ͯԵĿªֻһСһŲ輸Сӡ
ڽźãʷźãŴӿｫóһӡкĿհ׸ӣŲݸ塣ȴûһ֣ЩͿ
ѵǷˣһĶʱһ亹
һ꣬·Ѿʪ͸ֳ·Ƥϣ˺ܡ


185 ãû
һڸˡ
תһ룬ԣĳϣôܷ˵ͼĴ󡣿϶ʲôطԣҶԵǰһ֪óȻֻЩףȵʽеʱ䣬Ȳ
˼ţͿ½ӱһСɽҲƵĿһŹٵĴµֺſ߹һ˵Ӱϳ
˵Ҳɣ½ĿڵĶ棬ڿһ
˿˵ƣһͨæµжȻŶڲϵĿͳ
һæԣȻԼľ
½ڵĿԣּסеľӣдΪ֣Ϊӳʲô⡣һɻؽӴյƹ¿˿ûʲô쳣
̧ͷڿȥȴѾһɵڿϡ
ЩЦڸڸʲô
ʵڸղѾӵĿͬԼһҲһҲûС
ҵľӶˡȻ½ɫ糣Ϳ˵ǶԵġ
ͷһɣĹ㳡ϵһҲЩˣڿЪϢ
ֹһᣬƹ͢ҲˣСӵı飬һɥǰ֤ʱѾ½ﵽ½ĸӣԻĴ١͢µĿλ½ֱϣһݣСӾ﷢Ҳ֪Щʲô
֮͢½½ѧпˡ
ʵ̫ڣҲСӵģϸĵڻǷ·һȳһգͬ顣
½һģ˿ţһ졣зڣ˼еĿѾ˿ᣬŶѾãԽκ˲óȥ淢Ҳ⡣
ڴƬ̣Ҫ˯ȥȴһǺѹ۾ȴӰ֮Уɫ
һΪ˻֣æܵſڵդ⿴ȥʧЦ
ԭĿǶ
½Ѿѵþ⣬ֻһǶ̿ƨɶ¯Ӵڵشž⣬ȫǺˮ͢º½Ҳ
Էʱ䵽ˡҲЩҲ¯ӣףżܲˣЩ棬ҵһζǲ
½ӵķҲø⣬ܲˡɶǣһﻹ˾ƣӲӵӺСϺ
½͢¶ƽĸɹ飬ĵ˰죬¯Ҳֻܿиͳ㡣
ٿطʿǣ˶ͬ½͢һͲ綼ǿǵĿҹ˷
ǿʵڻվֺſǸŹЦֲңһܡ
½ӽһ¶ӣҲϴ룬ǺŹ֡
Źʣʲô£
½ӴͷˣҪ˯һĿֽˣҡ
ŹҲش𣬺һˣ˸ϴûȤ
ŻȻԭĿֽһ˵⿼ģڿԵĿҪӡһֽϡεЩԼϴοи˿ֽ⻹һŴľӣȫС򣬴ʱֻǦȷĴϾˡϧǴиĳɼô
ΪûоԣҲΣ鶼һĨڡ
ȻҪӡһĿֽӣһĿٰ
ֻ֪Ŀʲôʱܹ
ǾòʵҲ˯ˣһˮ˱裬һƷһ߾صš
Ƕ½ֵܺ͢¶˯ˣӣ粻ˡ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬Զ¥ϸҲ˺üΣڵʱҲǺʱ賿ң΢΢ɧʿǷ𴲵͵͵͵̾Ϣ
Ȼ󣬾һֻԶһƷĹԱż죬еľﶼһӣǱԵһĿˡ
ǸƷĹԱÿһǰһѻǩһĶúϵդȻĿݽȥ
ᡱԶҡ
ٵʱ껹£賿һ졣
ĿֽΪ꣬ѾЩ
ڼجΣͻȻЩʵϣÿοһĪĵģĿˣԼȴһҲ
æĿյƹ£ֻһۣھһãû䣡
ȻͽĿϣֽѹˣһڴϣ˯ȥ
ʮĸСʱû˯߶Ƚţʵ̫ˡ


186 Ŀ
ûĿû䣬ʵʷξʮ˳츮ԵһĿȫһ
˿Ҳκα仯
µľԼССĺһȳ򣬼һ籩һжĿȫǡЧӦûг֣ԼҲ˳˿ֻҪвıʣһжһʱյôǰչ
⻹ʲôɵǵأ
ڴϣһĿһ顣
ͬʵʷһԵĵһǲʣϿֻ⣬滹мС⡣
ٸʷʷʵ⣬ÿش
һǿǶʷϤ̶ȣǿǵͽʵеԱеۡ
ĿҲûʲô׼𰸣ǰҲĥãӦķı죬Ȼûʲôõĵġ
ʵҪд̫֣Щ鷳
ĵһǣԻɽԻءԻסνԻɽƵԻأνũΪɽϣƵΪϣ˵ںˣ
֣ƣԻɽԻأ˵ǣνɽɽ֮У׵գ˵ɴ룿
ԿױΪģΪģαߺ˵ʫʮ޷磿νٷ粻ڹߺˣ
³ʫ깫ʫԯʫںʱ
Ωνܾڿӣ˵ξݣѧ³ѧνΪһߣе룿񡷡񡷽йġġԺ٣СƪʲѼв֮ͬˣ˵Ƴ룿ʥģоʿϰ꣬
һаС⣬Ǿѧ⡣徭漰ˣŽĵҲ漰ˡû¾ʵĿĿĿ뷢ӵĿռܴЩ⵽ںҲûб׼Ĵ𰸻˵ûн֮ĿĺѧѶȷǳ֮
ִᣬ鵽ĿʱҲĥãҪԼ汾£ûܴԲѾǹѧʦˮ׼ˣһССĴѧҵȻʸɵۡ
ԣԳϮɡ
ڵڶ⣬Ƚϼ򵥣ʷʼںʱʷںδʷǡȱƪﲹ֮룿̡顷Ϊ丸ߣΪܴߣƪΪΣεڡ顷ɾȡʷ־ȡںˣ־׫κ͡¼ߣȷָ룿ޡ顷ۡ׫
Ŀʷ⡣ĶǾ֪ʶйʷ׵⡢ʷѧʷ⡢ʷʷ⣬ʵĶҪС⣬ʷʼںʱʷںδ⣬һٶȾܲ鵽ʵڲ鲻ģֻҪϻЩͼ﷭Ҳҵס
ɴӵ𣬿Ϳʼʿݵ䣬ܹ٣ƶ̻Ҳѭ֮д˾ǨʼԱ֮ʱˣκԳƣΪţʷˣʷʮ֮룿ʷضҲĵʱ룿
ĿᣬйĿ졣õķǡӽšڿڿ조ʷ׻˵ģѧϻС˷أ˾ǳĿǰɡЩŷܲܺ͡áϵͺѽ
ǳдһͷר
ǣԵĿޣھ̵ܶƪｫ˵
óѧǸϲͿΪѵˡ
ʵִ鵽Ŀ֮Ҳǳ棬ɲ˰컹ûҵ˵֡
ǰӦϼⶩģ֣ˮƽߣ
ͻȻ룺Ϊʵõ⣬ôԽԵѶȣٶϼʮ飬˿ĿҲץϹ
Ǻգ
Ǹʵ̫̣Ҳһ׶ʮȣ棬û취ֱֻøϺһ
ʵ̫ˣͬһٿõĿҲڴ˯Ҳս
Ͼʵ̫ѣҪ꣬û칤Ū׵ңҹģһ죬ήңڴ⣬дĶҲʲݡ
ŶǾԵģ˾飬֪εԼ״̬ڣʲôҲ˯Ҫ
ȻҲ˼̯ӣĥīҹԵ÷ǳֵǿƳˣӣɼȻòˡ
أĥīȥ¶΢΢
£Ҳ硣
ʵڲ´ˣʵĳȴǰӦϼ
ڿ֮Զ¥ĹԺɵƻͨеĿٶû˯Ǿһ¡
ӦϼžӣЦ½ˣĿǣǡ


187 ಻Եķʦ
½һ˿ǾñٳĿв׵ĵط
Ӧϼǲ׵̫ѣĿ˵ˣʵãһ㣬Ҳʱ䣬ǲЩΪЩˣ
ȷǡҲСĽͷӶ
ճ͢ƣ͸ʹ˾ԣʮ٣һʮˡ
ʮָԵͬΡ
ѡΡУǰĿʡ塢ʷۣٳһİ˹ʱĺʫ
ʮԷַ֮ѡõľӽŶʡҲҪһضˣ˹ȻһΡˣԶǳΪʦͬЩַĿپͱоٵʿǳ֮Ϊʦ
Ӧϼ½ѾڹԺס˺ü죬ԳԼĿ⣬ȴǵһμ
ҶЩɧ½ȴһЦȴҶ˵һ㲻ΪȼٸҳĿˣ˭ܴǧݾӣֳʮÿţֻһľʱ䣬鷳ٿЩȻû⣬ģٺ٣Ҳˣ˳츮ֻȡʮʱչˡ
˵òɫЩѿ
½ǳֵ̺ǰھٵʱṈ֮̀ˡڹٳһֱúܳᣬٳ
ӡˢΪҪڹԺʮգ½ˣһ£ðһͬϷ˳ͻһͨǳ⣬ѵһ
ǰиҲ֪ôȻ˸⣬ȵȥһָ
Ҷǰҡͷ½Ҳǽʿô˶ӡǰѹֵþˣ˴ãʱѳֲסνһȨ֣С
ӦϼúֻЦЦ˵
û½Ǳ˻ӣҹˣҶȥЪɣԺеæأԽӦϼ
㿴ңҿ㣬ûж
½Ǻɢˡ
뿪
ڶ죬Ϊ˯Ƕó٣ʱ˷½½Ѿڴ֮ϣһƵġ˶룬Ȼһͨѵ⣬˵һΣȴи֮͢ĻôϴûȤ
Сֹ½ǵļߣװʲôװ½ҲǸ𴲣ǻЩ˼ûг緹ţҵʲô취
⻰Ҳһջ½ѸߣζʳһٲҲ޷ȴǰ˳һųα̫αˡ
ˣظǵΡ
ŷ׷뿪ʱ½ȴסֺŵĿ٣ʣǱôˣ
ֺŵĿٻش½ˣһжãʿҲˣڴأ

ûʲôͬѰĵطֺſپԼôشֻⲻҪ½ǵĺǳ⣬룬ŵʿΪ𲻳޸ͣ
£˭½͵վʡ
ֺſ٣½ˣʿӵô֪
ʶֶ֪͢Ҫã½һŭ
ֺŹԱоԼ˼裬һǳɫҪԷһ߿ٰӦϼ̧ͷ½ԡ
½ҲǰӦϼֱֺſ֪֣ѵ֪ţ˵ĿǶ٣
ֺſæһʮţһһʮһ
ţ֪ˡ½Ǵӻͳһֽϸض
ֺſ֪ǿǵαҲȥͿ½ǵָٵػ䵽ʮţһڵ˵ϡȻ󣬳һૣá
Ȼ½̧ͷݺݵؿǿһۣʲô𣿻£ĺҶˡ
һǸֺŵĿ˵ֱһĥ
ϱ½˸йȥĿʲôΣˡ
ʵ÷ǳϸǳԷôԣʱʲô飬дֵٶȿ첻춼ʵˡ
һʱ䣬йȥʮء
տʼʱĿҲбйȥʻɺ𷿵ĹԱҲûٱãеԽˡ
ֺŵҲһͣôؽйȥ۵ýŶһȦ
ϴŵʱָһһСӣҲ
ҲôͽʿⳡһֻҪַˣҲһ𾴵ķʦҲܷһʱֿ಻Էʦ𣿡
ֺŵĿǿˣ½ǰֺŵпﶼˡտʼΪԼʲôط½ǣĥɻͷһ룬ȴ½ÿζͳʮſϻһ¡
һѵʮſ½˵ˣԣ϶ǵģȣǱ


188 Ԫʲô
˳츮ԵһʵѶȳǵ󣬹ƻвصһ档
һڿԴڿǵķӦп
һĿпڿʹޣѹ֣в̡
úŹ٣һķʦȥȥûһתƣ˿Ρ
ʦÿʱҪˣҲ˴Ҳѹ
ӿ￴ȥԵؿĿԵ÷ǳţдֵֶڲ
ڵӰ죬ǰ鵽Ĵ𰸳ȥˣֻҪдһOK
ƾٳϣдúòÿʵԿĳɼмӰ졣Ϊеľڴ֮󣬶ר¼֣Žʦʦˡдʲݣ¼Ҳ׿֡һ֣ԳɼӰɾʹˡ
бܻ־ʱһ֮ֱӹϵǰ̡
ԣǱ򣬴ʱ򣬿ʹùĹݸ壬ؽдӡˢ鼮һ
ʱ򻹺ã峯ʱ˹ҲáʡʷҲã˵Ѿ͸ˣ徭еÿһӶˣżʮƪĿԽˣƾȡʿҲʽ
ȻĿѾƴߵͣٿ鷨һϸ£ϣһֲֺ¼һڳ⡣
Ȼ֪ʽĹԱԲԼȻʵʵű׼Ĺݸӡ
鷨ȻûģڸʽһСĳ⡣
ʽҲǿƾٿֵı׼֮һǸʽˣдٺãҲֱӱˢȥϾ
ʱõ֮ҲûæȥʵҲҪʲô״ֻ̬Ǿٰ̫ۣҹ塣Ծڿ˯һֱʱӲ
ڿôʱ䣬ȻЩۡ
˻һ裬ɤӣչϸĵֶһ飬ĥīġ
ԵĿͯҪӵö࣬ҲϸĶࡣ
ȣҳ䡢дԼ䡢ᣬĩдף롱
д֮󣬾ˡ
дĿĿҪͶдҲҪͶĿƽʡ֣ҪһУ̧ͷ񣬡ʡ̧ӡ
ĻʵˣĻʵҲˣֶҪܻ䡣
⣬һвдУһﲻд֡
ǾӵĻҪ󣬴õġ
ΪҪдֹݸ壬ֳһ磬ֻһ⡣
ȵڣԹ֮һ⡣ֱҹֻо۾ɬ˾ӣû©͸ʽԵĵطϴëϿ˯
ǿԵĵһ죬ٿҹսԺȾ
ʱͣǰࡣ濼½Ϊӣ͵ӣϵ·ѹˣ¶һѩ׵ķ⡣ֻϧΪŪûڻңչ¯ġ
ϵ˺ûкã߰زɴ
ٿ͢º½ҲòȥҲŪһ̿ңԵǱ
Ŀѣ½ѧĴĽѧˮƽǸǵġвĿʱƽҲûרŽճѧУдģʱѽǱĬǶС
ĿĴǿǵļʶͲѧ̶ȣԣĿ˵Ӧòѡ
ǰӵ½ӣҲһĴݣ˵½͢ˡ
տʼõĿʱڻЩӵģɿһһھдҲˡ
ʵϣǰĿԳɼռı󣬺ܶʱҲΪһοʤȴһİ˹档
ֻҪĿûǿ̫ã˳صġ
ڶգɴ⣬ڼҲûʲôֵһ顣ϰΧֿ֮ЦĿǴƽҲΪд˳֣ĿٶҲࡣ
һ죬⡣һ⣬һɡ
˵һ죬ʵҲͰʱ䡣磬ԵһҪȻԻؼ˯һٻؿڶ
ǻһ죬һһҹʱѵһԵľӶųŶһΡ
ԣٵʱú磬֮ǰͰһдˡ
Զ¥һڣеĿͬʱеıʷ£žվſڣɺŹٴŶȥԶ¥Ĺý
Ӧϼ½ǶΣվԼĸĺڴǰդ
֮վٻŵؿһۣ˳򣬽ٴ¼˵һõġ
Žһ֧ճǩؼҡ
ȵճǩڵͷһԼڿĺ롣֧ǩӿɶãŪûˣڶԵʱҲòμˡ
һڽˡڳ˹Ժſڵ½ип˵ڿ֮ǰЩżĻֻʣľˡǸһǧۡʳû취ϴ裬ˡ
ֻؼңúóһ٣Ȼϴúúõ
ڶĿҲ࣬ĿǾĲʿ
ڶĿ⣬ĥηʱ䣬Ӿͳˡ
ӻţԺ֮ȴûֱͬڴкǿ˿գһųݣ⣬ˣ
ɫԵɥ
Щģǰʣӣôˣûã
ӻǲ˵
ڰοӣһûҲҪǰһͿֻҪİ˹úˣһо١
˵û𣿡бһغһЩĿǰ½½ЩұûУǼԺãǵõ㣬ôҲڽ׾
һЦô
½̾Ϣһͣˣǰ治ס꣬ˬý㿴죬ۼžҪ磬ǿţˡ
ԭҵġߣؼȥɡӦѾأһ뵽ؼңھаͲסˡ
С㳡ΧļֿڶڽϣһҲ
ں½˵ЦŴӵֿڣеճǩתֿڣͿö˵½ļԲ˵ʮһſһֶˡ
½СӷɿܹǵëͲˮ˸ֺ
Ϊ£ͷôҲ
ͷ½͢Ҳˡ˸ԶҲ˵һףȻֽˡ
͢һԲ½򲻹ͳСеĸ㣬ڴڵҧţȻǶˡʱ䣬ĸѾֲ꣬۾ˡ
ڿúЦ΢΢ҡͷ
Աߣ½ȴᣬ֪ʲôҲʹȽˡ
ڣһҲԴѽ
ҡͷУչأԺȥһͨѲ飬ʱ̫࣬һѾʵˡ
ڵЩ⣬ؼ֮Ůٸ׼ʳģˡ
ԡӶݺݵ˵ϣʲôҲˣԣɾسԡ
½еĸ䵽˵ϣ쿼ڣ
½ĵؿһۣЦŴ̼½ҵǲ£ŪŪͿˡ˵Ӿ˶ϼաһǷʱ죬㣬ġ
ڹһЦǰԼհ
գô˵ģ½⡣
˵ⱱҲвյģպ˲һ²ԲȶܻҪǿϵշάȻûģڴӣշӦû⡣ĺˣġ
½ҵ˶СЦ½Ҳ̿
½һ뵽µĺݸǲ԰ס
Ƭ̣㼷˹֣үһ㿼ˣӴһʹС˹ţⶼһˡ
ڣͬļߡ
һǡ͹ؾصظվԱ̺š
ֵһ½ʮҲ½ˣڣŲ鸡Ȼ۵òɡ
ǳ֮󣬶۽һ¿ԵΣʲô©ԺʲôҪעĵط
ȻҪҪԴ𰸣һԼĿԳɼ
ǰ½ѧѧǶ½͢Ϊ׵ģĽҲ֡
͢Ϊ֤һµ½ؾͶ˳½Ұܵ˼裬ֶҲӦ꣬Խȥˡ
ΪνΪˡ
˵˰죬Уھ½ѧѧǵ䣬յĲҲΡȵԽھҪ뿪½ѧã룬̾Ϣͬѧ֮ǰٶ಻ĵطھҪˣЩȴû塣
ʣˣ
˶һϲɫ׷׵ԼãЩĿǰ벻ضѡ
½Ҳ鼫ãһԪʱ򣬿½ѧӦмϰû׼ܵøԪʲôġڸ磬ĲѧԪȻġ
֣һԾҪԪ֮ŷ𣿻УԪʲô


189 һԪ
ǰſ뿪˿ţ¼ٽеľӷַ¼ϡ
Ȼַֽ죬ǽֺϡ
ǧݾӶ¼ַ׵Ѿǰҹ
ʵϣԺʮ˸٣ټ¼ַ졢졢ۣյļ⽳ȥһٶ
һٶڿǰͱ棬һȺ˳Ժ˯̧ͷˣͷĻˡ
һ࣬ĦȻٲˣҲᡣ
ȵһǹȻԷһһҹɹԺ˵ȵĻŸտʼ
ȵӶŪˣ˶һƣ롣
¼ٺַٸһѾһţҷԵȥˡ
Ǹǵ¶
¼ľӣֺŷĿпЦ
һܵطֹסǣʷϣ׻ٳֻ벻û½˵ı֣Ͳòɻ
ѵ½˺ʮŵǸͨ

ͷֺŵһסµͷ
ֺſչܣɿҲЩͷḻڹٳҲЩ;еĲԡ
⼸½ǽʹýŲճأѾز˼ԼĶͷ˾д˵εؾҪõġٳиǱһԱȥϾ֮ͿˡܹϾǸԺؾǵģб֮ˡ
½Ǻһд̨
һĽʺ޵ļһ
Уһʵ̫⣬ôҲɱɱͷ
ܿЦǴһ£ܵ˷ֲǡһζˣ˾磬ߣζȻ㿴֪ҵ
ǣܿپͽֺſпϸϸؿͼھҳͬѰ֮
ΪӶ¼ֺ֣Ҳ֪һʮš
˵Ȼ½ǼȻͬʮſйᣬ϶Ƚй¶ȥˡһǸȻȽֽãȻ
ţһδزκ˿
ν֣й̶·֪ôø߷֡
ţֻ轫һЩ̸ľͨͨˢרһѡȡⶼǳӱȥˡ
⣬ܿٵ¾ͿʼľһҪͿˡ
Ҳһʵ̫ˡ
һٶݾӣҪҵⶼǳӱҲףһƪǲˣӴдùأԲΪϡ
ⷿľȴ֣һϼѡкܶ۵㶼ʡҲ뾭ѵĵط˻ڽкá
ֵǣľӾʮݣƪ
ܿҲǴͽʿѧҲȤʱͿ˾
һʱ͵ˡҲ֪˶ãȵԶ¥ĸʱĸģںȻԼѾˡ
Ȼһ켱ܽһĻżܴˣҵĹܴѽôĥ䡣˶ڴϵŶԪأ
ܿЩΣһʣľӶûУ
ľӶѾˣȥˡԭƾٿԵľӲֱˣǷַľøĿٶ֮ŽȥֻΡ
ֺŵľӳٳûȥһȻû취
ȥܿӦһ
ϽЩ½˶ˡ˵ַľӻûˤ˶˵ܴ
ܿɫѿȴǲ½Ӽˣȴεġ
һ仰ȴˡ
ҲǣҲнӳ˵ģ½Ҳû˵ʲôѽɴͷβڲֺͣŵľӶûС
Ȳˣܿջһһߵļ־ӷϡ
⼸ݾӿЩɣϳɣնƫƫֽȻΪ׼оɡ
ղŻԥǲǸ½һ棬⼸ݾҲһͬȥ
ںˣȻ½˳ѿҲˡ
һͨ𣬹ֺܿһڲˮʮдӱľˣͬһȥ˴á
Ӧϼ½Ѿľӣһѵõ˳ڴ棬ĿҲ
ӦϼǸݵģͷܴˣء
½ƿھܴǴݰӿѡˣҺͰ˵ź
ѡˡܿٽӵ˹ȥ
ôࣿӦϼЩ⣬òô࣬ľӶѾˣֺŷֻžӣѡһѡ
ǣ¹ѡִܿϼѵľӳȥ
½˿˿ͬʱͷ˵
½ǣžĺܲѾĿѹȥҿžӿԽǰֶˡ
ڿٶһ΢΢ɧͷһԵǰȻַĿԲˣܲ
ܿЦ̫޼ɵˡ
ҪԷԡ
ɾʱ򣬰΢Ц˵ɣڣǽһԪ˰ɣҿžͲ
԰ӦϼȻûʲô˵ģͬʱ͡
ⳡⶨĵһΪԪãԪǽԪܺãôԪͽ
Ҫʽɼġ
ֻҪԪòã˰Ҳлʰŵʱ򽫾ϰ񵥡
ˣֻҪ˲Ԫɰоˡ
ܿſ½ǣĵ½ˣһ˺ַ⣬ֻҪʧˡ⣬ʮſľӦþǰڵϵľ档
ãɡ½Ǽ͵ؾҪȥ˺Ԫӡ
½ˡӦϼϵؿ½һۣƶȰ졣
ƶȣЩӵδӵ͵߼¼
½ǱһȻǷǳ⣬ȴҲͣ
ܿټ½˳˱һʹ졣
룬½ˣϹ磬ͷиǳֱҪǰˣ²ô׵ġ
ˣ﷢˵½ʲôԣҰ̸̸ҾͲ½ܹһ죬˹ˣ
ǣһרŵַǰ˺žӣһʱ䣬ֵǰľӡ
ⶼַĿ
ܿɫ¶һ˿ЦݣЩȲ뿴½ǵµʧˡ
󶼶½ѧ½

󶼶½ѧԭ

󶼶½ѧ͢¡

ڶ󶼶½ѧ½


ͷоȻĸ½ϣ̫ˡ
пİָŹܴܿˣôӣȻһȡĸ½ӵܣ˼ҵĻ¸
Ӻô󹷵˳½һ֣˲ٵֺŷĿ٣£
ңҡֻܿĿһۣһѪҪ罫
סڣ½ǲŲ½˼͵վȵһݾûأʲô֣
תͷ԰Ӧϼˣɣһ˾˭Щˡ


190 ܴѡĺþ
ȵȡһٺֹ½ǣ½ˣܿ»û˵ءɣϵ϶áԪ£ٶҲ١
˵գָܿ٣ŭܴˣĽ㾿û½飬˵𣿡
ʱĿٶͬʱͷ
ǴǹŰϷѧһӿϡΪڹٳϲˣ;ֻñ˶ǶԲԼġˣһǻ׵ӡ
˵ЩνĹ֪һζ۾ﲻɳӣɽȴһҲޡ
˵ͷıµǿ
½ǵȵһ㶣ַҲͣ֡
ܿٱһϣҲû뵽Щӱص¾ȻͬһԺԼһҪ޳Щ̸ľӣȴԼôһ鷳
ǻ͵ʺҲʺˡ
ܿ˱˵Ļ¸֤ݣԿɱȥ̲ҸԸܹʲô½ģҿɲʶˡ٣ҲͻȻӵ֪ͨͱѺԺ
ӣͬһʺĵطͬգܼ½ҵˣ
ǸЦǰ½Ȼǲʶġ˭˲ʶ󶼶½ô½ҵʿӺƺƵϿֶֺŷܴ˵ǸĻᡣǾ½ҵ˶ȡˣպ󣬼㲻˵½ӵܵķʦǰ̻ٵ𣿹ܴˣ¹Ԥףǰ;պͬһԵĿ٣ͬһö࿴˰
⻰˵ö񶾣֮ˡ
ܿҪףƫƫֲ֪Ӻ˵𣬿ٶһıģһʹۡһһѪµؽϣ߲һƬĿġ
ǿٻǲϷŹܿ٣ţƣһݾӱȻҲ½ӵܵģʱˣܴԱ磿
ˣҪˣ£ܴ˵һʱҲʱ򣬸λÿɣӵǣ͢йܴۡѾʺֿ١ܴ˾⹱ԺЪպˣַķʦɱټκˡ½ǲŲأֻҪУײף˭ں
˵һûᣬֺŷĿ٣ҲܰһЩ
ܿĨĨϵѪĭӣλˣҹܶף¡ʦǲõġȡ˿һְⱲӵǻˡԺܻԼһףɱŪԺʲôȥˡΪһˣ£ɱѹ
½ǳԹܿһײͺܶ裬ɣ˼𣿡
ǰܴ˲˷׷׵ͷ
£½Ҳ˵Լףܿиһּŭɫǲ԰סҲ˲ָ࣬½½ˣ˵¹ף׽ٺ١
һЦ½һйҲǷУŭʲô׽ֺٺʲôܶ裬ѻ˵Щ
ڲСܿһ֣½˹ֺſιʰ
ҹô𣿡˼½һϣЩ١֪ͬʡµᶡȥֻǹܿҪܲ˵ҧ
һ浱ֺŷĿģҪҲøԼСĵ㣬̫Ŀŵˡ
סԼٵְλҲȥˡ½һ䡰Ŀŵȴ˹ܿٵѪԡԼٲĬס
£ܿҲЦЦڰҹﴫԶȻԶ¥ĸѹסˡ
Ѿîʱ
½Ǵŭ֮ͽ
ټ˻л˲ԣͬʱ࿴ţҲ˵ˡ
оˮû
ܿ٣½ˣ¹ٻʲôĿŵʲôԼСĵ㡣ʵһȡķ½ӵܵľӣҲ⡣ֳϡǧľѡʱ򣬲ƾԼϲãֻƢθȡдַ¶Ҫųɫһųˣƽʡ
ڿַľʱҲ˼ϳص¡룬ЩʵƽȣǸк֡ͲܲǷǰѾ׼ؽĿþ졣
ԣ־ӣҶǲѡģרһӱȤľӡϧ
½΢סӿʣϧʲôͻȻЩǰˣҲؽĿй¶ȥˡһȻ֪ӦϼʲôȴҲ˹ؽڡ
һУðɱͷķҧӭͷϡ˲󸻹ʵ˲½ǵġһɫԼ͵ó군
ϧϧһСľȻ½ҵӵܶȡˡܿҲҡͷ̾Ϣ
ˣˡһֱû˵ٰӦϼͻȻЦЦרһѡӱľӣȡ½ӵҲ֡ʱһУ̳ѧľȻ볣˲ͬ¾ɡ
½ϯĻŴʱ˶ǻȻвţвмͽԺˣ̳ѧȻ㡣
ǣܿ˵ȡƽ֮˵ľӣл½סҲ˼ˡ
Ϊʵ̫ûȷʵ֤֮ǰٰӦϼҲͷۡô˵ԻҪȥδάֵ
ڽǱ˵ܿ٣ǹܿٵ½õȵԺ˵
ƾƶȣʥַ
ӦϼҲ½Щ֣ȴ̲׼»СС»ˡ
ô⿼Ҳû취ˣһȥگɡ
ȻӦϼô˵ˣ½вʵȻ˳ã˵ģԪɡ
ϧܴ˸ձһѪеŭյʢԲϷŹһЦ㶨ԪҲ޷ֻ½Ҫʧˡ
½ǣʲôʧġ
ٿݾӿ϶½ӵдģ½ѵʧ𣿡
½һݣ̲סЦˣһֺ½ҵĿܴˣȡ½ѧʧӦɣ
ͻȻЩϵļⶼŤˣĪһġһžӲ½ѧģҪ
ȷŲԪáʾ乤Ͻʾּ˿˿ۡѵ۵㹫ʣ۾ݳ֡ȻһѧʦӣѧԺĸ߲Ҳضá
ѧʱɽ̲
ʵֵõԼĿ⣬϶ĿȻϾӡ⾩˲ѧһֱֶֶֻӣܲ¡
ԣžӶ벻ġ
˵
ܿټ½˳Աȵɣ
ûзԣַ˿˾ӵķڣԵһͷ½ѧڡ
ܿٵЦˡ
ղŻŤ½ȴЦ£ǳ׷ˡ
½ӵܰǰܶѡĺþӣͬʱͬʱŹܿƿڴ


191 Եڶ
ԵǰҪŶΣȴŰʾһûǸŰ壬˵⣬˿ģӰ״̬
Ƕڿƾٳǧƴɱģʿӵ̬󵽼
һ٣ɫɫ˵̬һô繫ɼϰĹȻմմϲȴûʧʲô˼ܹ鲻ܾ鷢ӳԼƽ״̬
˵ǰһǼܳɼپǵһֲο
⣬ǰĲԪһŻݡһİ˹дòãӲڷʦƼ֮УҲбʰɵȨٴľѡԹĿӣֶһְա
˵һԪ֮½Ǵһĵ̫ˣ˵һһдٳûбʦѡСҲɴаľһա⣬ڿ϶ھ¹ؽڣֶһرա
ţôɡȵȿѡеľûľӡûУȥ˹ؽڵšûУԪֱ֣Ӳ⡣ٺ٣½ĳܹǲʧġ
ԵڶȴѾҪˣҲ˸һ
ҲùʣҲñ˻ɡЩᶡˮŴôꡣһٳ𸻣ñ˺ãһз紵ݶᵽѪĲӬһҧŹ񫡣
֪У½ԼǰҲһ˿޵ش󸻴֮˻Ҫ֡
⣬ⳡԽ֮󣬱˾Ҫˡ
뵽ֿܿһɥ½ȻĵشЦ
Ƿǳ֣ڵľ֮ãһ׽

ڲ֪ԼѾ˵һͷԪ˳츮ԶѾûκ壬ֻҪдϼƪ£Ϳˡһйؽڣ벻Ҳѡ
һʵĴǰѾ׼ãĻ๤򡣹𰸾˺üݣʱ̹Ͻ
ϽȻǸʷңɹѧȴóƼһѧʦѡ⡣
ʦˮƽʮˣڴѧʿĿ֮󣬾Ͱѡ˼˵Щ϶ҵЩоɹǰ󣬼ҵ
ϾٲϿٿζƾʵøҲʲô¡
ԣڵûʲôɵĵġ
ؼ֮󣬻׼һϢһһҹԺμӵڶԡ
ΣҪġɵڶʱ½˼һ˵½ѧͬҪȼһȻͬʱЩơ
ھҲ㣬½ڣٲ·Ϸ¼һʱɽ˺ӡʵ̫ˣһ뵽Ҫͬȥڶͷۡ
½ѧǶǾһˮ׼Ĳӣô˵ο֮󣬶ȻмоˣȻ뿪ѧá
вҪֱ٣ͬͬĹϵǹٳϵһرĹϵٲԸҲû취ȥһ˳ȥ˵ĳĳͬ꣬ȴҪػˡ
ǰʲô죬Ͼͬһ˴˶ǰĽ٣Ե
½͢ǳַˣ˭ҲԶ֮Уٲ¶档
Լ˱˵Ц˹Ժ
ϴڹ㳡ǰŶӵȺ򣬵ȵҳν
ֻΪüճǩ֣ٶȻҪࡣ
ֻǼ򵥵ǩ󣬾ͷſ˳
Ŀڲֺ֪ſǳЩ⣬һΪǰ꣬˷纮ڴû취μӿԡ
Ҫ꣬һꡣ
ڶ׼ΣУӺûСڹؼʱ⣿ڻЩ½
˼ҷƤף鷳ˡ
˵ˣû£ӽʵأ½Щ⣬һڵڶԣҿɲ¡һĿɶǴǰڿϽġǶԴıͶأڶҲ⣬ԣ
һ˹ҪЩ򡣡˵Żֵ½ѧˣ½м½ӵܽȥ
Ȼֵڡ
Ҫǰȴסڣڸ磬ڶ֮ҲؼˣԺסһ졣˵ˣһʱҪԸСôȥ̫鷳ˣνССˣ󿼴ˢϸɴȥƲ٣ġ
»Цãԡ
Ѿȫˣȵ˿˯ҹĿֽͷ
Ѷȼ


192 Ǳצܶ
ô˵أԵڶĿǼʷۣǶʷϤ̶ȡ
йϰߣʷҲһԵĴ󹤳̡˾ͨнƱࡶִ䡷ʱޡʮʷǶ˴ĹԴ
Ȼʱպʵʷм𣬵˶ʷȴһģ
о仰һʷǵʷ
ܶԱ£ʱʷϵĳ
νͭΪ¹ڣʷΪ֪ʧ
ִᣬʲô⣬ǹϴǳ꣬ңʷʥһסңκʶ̬ʺйƬ
ԣֹԱԣʷ϶Ʋȥġ
ڶԵĿֻ࣬ȴȽ鷳
һ⣺ͱطۺʵۡ
ڶ⣺Ųϼۡ
⣺Ԫַۡ
⣬ʷ׶Ρ
һۺʵ飿ۼޡТ֮Σͱطۺʵ۾ۺϣˣʵʵʵʡ˼ǣȫ濼ĳ˵ǲʵÿдһƪģ˵طʱη֮𲻼֮Աڹץסص㡣
ڶŲϼУŲغʱʷ۵ࡣƪÿ۷⽨ķַƶȡ
ۻʵ֮Ĺϵʧ
Ŀ˵ҲѣĵʱһӣдЩջ׻ܹءҲôģҲϰ־ӡֻˣܷø߷֣һ顣
Ҫ⣬µĿʵ̫һдԣ㺨ɿƪޣһСľдˣû취β
ø߷ֵ˵ȴǺѡ
Ҳû̫ȥ̹ѧʦ˵Ĺ۵㲻ͬдĴҲȻ죬һҹҲһ
͵˸ƪ£ҵسȥ
ǰľռܷıֻҪһİ˹дһðٺá
£ڿ˯һҹڶ˸磬ĥīһͰѵһˡ
֮Žһ⣺һͰѵһˣ죬ʱ䲻ô򷢡
ԣҲûŶ֣˯˸Ȼݲ裬еһ硣
ȵڶգһ⡣
ڵ⣬һյɡ
ʵٶڿҲҶȣҲԲʲô
ڸô죬ж˯˯˳ԣԵظоԼһȦƤҲ˼֡
ЩǳҪ֪ǰԼֺݣòѾкܴĸı䣬ŷ˽ԿʱΪðһĻ
ôչȥʿʱһ׮鷳
ͬƤһֺſٺҲˡֻǣܴ˵İǲ԰ףĲ԰ס
ϾڶԪʱףֱ֮˱ܴκѪɫȻ
÷ǳڣһʱһΣÿζڿǰתư죬ŻĿг˻ɡ
ڴΪ죺ûʲôԾĵطɣôͱ˸ˣְ
֪ܴѾں޵ҧгݡ
һеغȲ裬ܶеĻԽŨҡдӵٶʵ̫ˡ
Ŀеκõ֮󶼻ð죬ڲݸд١Ȼһһ֣صдȥһʱ䣬дһǲġ
ٿϻҹսдʱŻϴ˯
ڣõ֮붼룬ʾдһ羹Ȼһƪ
ٶʵھˣ϶õ⣬ˣһӶ͡ȻһһغȲûпԵģǴˡ
ٺ٣ɱ٣һдˮ飬Ϯ˭ѽܿһЦ½ˣҲ֪Ŷٺôʮ˰նʹͲಲˡѿҲǴͽʿ࣡
ڰڣٵð㶢ЩЩ춯ֱˣ͵ȥʵϾӣȻϢˡ
һ뵽Ԫһҹܵ裬ܶоͺ׶һ۵ġ
һҹ˵ֱһĪ衣
ԼѡľӾȻȫ½ҵʿӣֵôˡˣ˶˵ʺٵӺŷķʦ
½ǸеΡ
ҹܹܶԸȻǲӦġ
£½Ǿͷ˵Ҫҡ
Ҳ׷׸ͣҪдӡ
룬Ҫ͵ɣҲܲôࡣճ͢ƶȣһƷʦˡ豾٣ٶҪǱצܣ顣ˣŲ͢С


193 ˵СС״
ܿٵĵĲûгΪʵԵڶ֮ѡ;ӵʱ˼ϳصľȥЩģһŲá
£½Ǿһ죬Ҳͺþȥʲô취ܲԽĳˣֱȥõľӰɣ
ܿҲǻȥˡ
ҹȫӣҲŶΡ
Լѡľûһ½ѧģʮſȻҲûһһһ뵽Ҫ½ı飬һʹ쵽ĸо
ǣ½ȴһ񵭣ͲϣŶεʱҲһӣסŹǷ
ùܶΪʧ䡣
ȻΪѡľӶ̸Ķ£ȴһҲûϰ
һ⣬ԤЩȻãôҲһΰɡ
ȴӦϼһʿµ۹Ҳһֿˮģбǲϲͨͨˢȥ̾һܴôܹľǲõġ
ҲСЦͷӶ
׻˵ѧĳɼǷʦӡѡ͵ľУ˰񣬶˵ȴһǳʵ顣Լһ˸Ԫ˵۹ѧҪΪ¼ڰġ
һܴһһǰѾôĽʣ¶ǲ
˵չأҲΪ˷ʦӣеľٲҲѡһ˼˼
û뵽˸ȻһӲùܶ趪Ҳôһʹ졣
ܶŪɳ׾գȴǺޱ飬ôֱͦͦվҲͣ˸
κܿŪˣȻûϰͷ䵽ͨݵһľϣʵϾûйܿٵأڵڶľҲû취õóɼ֮أ˲űĸ֮꣬һɾ˾ͽԶԶ˦˺ͷ
Ūһ֮˶һƣ룬½ҲȤȱȱһɢˣϾǵе࣬ЩЪϢ˰ɡһ䣬תȥ
ʵϣڶڿΣ½ҲġһѣѾùһԪˣֻҪһİ˹ĲëеǷڹء
ԣڶҲȥֺŷΡ
½˵߾ߣҲӦϼʾ
Ŀٶͬʱ˹˹֣ҲɢðӦϼüͷ촽˶ȴû˵
һ˿䵽ܿа룺˶½ǵŰҲвһĸ֮ˣδزܺúýһ¡ⳡԵɵʵ̫࣬βܣ£ҶҪӴˡ
ǣܿҲûȥվ̧ͷ̹ȻĿ⿴ŰӦϼ
ӦϼܿûߣΪ͸ղ;£º͵˵ܴˣٶӣп۵ʱֻҪĵ˽еù󣬾ͲҲҰطЪϢɡ
⻰ܶһж˹Ȼһֱӣȴˣˣ¹ȷʵЩƫִ⼸ȷʵǴˡǴԾǶԣ¹ٲӱεġ
Ӧϼ΢΢һЦʵ˵ܴڹԺѧٶ꣬һЯĿơһȻȡö½ѧӵܣɴʱĵӻǺܲġôŪôЩͿ٣Ѳɹܴ˺һСȡ½ӵܣڸշҵ˵ˡ
ǡ֣ܿص˵ˣ¹֮ôǻʮŵĿں½˹ᣬɡ
ʲôӦϼ͵վ˻棬ƾʵݣ

ڿڶˣۣصԺӣ½һֱӵϣ㣬㣬ϴˮгԵûУ
ŵԺѾһæңͳʳͳʳ
ǹӺʱˮˮ۵س
ҪŪд⸬үˡѾ߰ˮȥְëӵһã¿ɲüˮ޽ɡ
½ͷƿָָ֣⣺ÿýڸ翴˳ʲôǵñЦɡ
ŲʶڣؽŲ
棬ֿŻ̳һīա
æ߳ţڵ⹫ӣѾ׼ˡҪͬүȥԡ£
ɣ鷳ת΢Цŵ˵ͷ
Եڶʵû˼ýе㼦ߵ˼죬ҲȷʵЩˡ
罻˾֮һ˹ԺԼȥ߶Ҫȥ½סһ
մ˼һǳҪֱӹϵѧܷõ˹ѧǽ
ԣеѧס½Ҳ⡣
Ŀסլȴӵĺ⣬ֻͬһ˴󷿵Ժӡ
˵ԡڵȤѾûϴˡȻѾ⼸̫ᱻ̫һ죬ϣǺȡڸ죬һͳˡ
ңΪһִˣʵϰÿϴ裬һ첻ϴ;ʲô
ʱлϲ
ȵԡңڸǸˣ̾½ǻܰΪڵһţȴֵˡ
ӵϰߣﶬˡ
ӪҵĹã嵽ʮǮϴһΣǱˡҪ˴걳⸶ʮġ
ıʼǼأԻʯΪأĻשΪ޸ͨˮѨڶɡһרִߣˮ̣ɷԻáԻˮ
Դӷôõĳ֮ҲڼϴˣһϾͳܡ
Ȼ½ĸţȻᵽȥϴҲŪ÷ǳ
ͬ½ӽȥһʱһʵ̫ˡרŵĹ¯ˮչˮأļһˮϵͳȪˮǽúɣɴΪңˮУʹˮ˱ǡ
ԡұмСѾ̺ģڣرˣһʮСԱߡ
ӷɿѵ·Ҳ˲ñȴɴͨһڵˮء
ζҲ½п֣ڸ磬
˵䣬ߵˮͱЩˡ
һôҲˡ
һˣʲôѽӴΪеĺˣѾжûˣɾأ
˵ŻһЦ
һڣ㻹һ𣿡Ҳˮ
ãԱ߻и˸ߵĴľͰá
СעˮңϴоҲ
һϴҲ֪ϴ˶ãֻݵһˡ
ӷǳģסشϹˮ渡һ׻Ĳڰҡ
Ҫһ䣬ͻȻ䣬ڿ½ɴ֪ʲôʱѾ˺ɫѪ߳
˲ûкȫ
ЩģԹ󣬱ԭȵԼڱͬһȥСġ
ɳųţȴһͷۣһһء
һһӵĶͷˣС㣬յ


194 µͷ
˳츮Ժ֮УӦϼܿ˵ˣ¹֮ôǻʮŵĿں½˹ᣬɡʱ͵վ
˻棬ƾʵݣҲǾڿԼѧҲһֱáǣ鵱Уġ
ˣʵ̸õΣûлشӦϼĻܶȴʵ
ӦϼĿŹܿ٣þò˵ʵ飬ٵտȡԡ
ܿһɫ԰촽ҲͣտȡԿһͨĴ£㽫֮£ƶȣӦϼҲҪӣȥ̲
˾ٶ˵ûκκôĪա
һ⣬ҲҪֻºдһȥ˵ڽ͢ô飬ֲʲôȴͬûκιϵ
ܿ٣ˣ⡭⡭ѵҪͣ¿𣿡
Ȼʵ˵ĻӦϼ֣صص˵ͷƾֲŴ䣬϶áףֻˣʹһ©ٵʲôأ
ˡܿۿһȣһҾ
ҰҶˡ
ܿٿϸ˵ӦϼҲǼˣǰȥһѽܿٷ
ǣˡܶʹͷһ𣬵ڶԼоԵĵطһһͬӦϼ˵ˣ¹ٶ϶½ǱضڵĺôĿй¶ȥˡ½ǵƷٳϵͬŶúܡΪԼĹپӵܴˣͶ֮ãͼڽ㿹»սĨڣ
һ˵ϰ죬ӦϼտʼʱרעȴһɡײףҲǹܿٵܶϣûȷʵ֤ݡڵƷŵġ
¾;ãⲻǹܿٵĲ׽Ӱˡ
һãӦϼЦڱٻ˵ģĴˣǰϾ٣ϡͬ½ǰɲʶȻû֡˵ѲĴʱҲ˵ˣڵĲѧãҾҲǳƶҪ¸½ˣҲûӡû׼½ǰ֮ţر⡣ܴ룬¶Ȼ档
ǰʶڣܿЩȻ
ʶʦֳ֡ɶԺʱ͵ͷסӦϼĵ˽Ҳ󷽷˵ôһ仰ٿڵĲŻֻҪԸ⣬׾иˣͲҪ׵ġ
ܿĿࣺ⣬⣬⡭ˡ
ôǲ𣿡ӦϼһЦתߵǰҲͣһÿдһ֣ܴ
ܿٹȥһһʫ缱ԳХɳɻءޱľ£ﱯﳣͣಡ̨ѿ޷˪ޣʵͣǾƱ
ҲʶˣһʱŨĲ֮ˡŸ̾һʫʫǵһǰ
ӦϼҲشдκ¥̨Ļʹ
ȥ괺ȴʱ仨˶΢˫ɡ
ǵСƻ¡
˵˼ʱڣղƹ顣

һ״ʣжԾ˵Ļ֮ԾȻֽϣнסһᡣ
Ӧϼ̾ϢһôģʫʣӦϼȴġ
ѵڣܾܿʡ
ӦϼҲشֻ˵ͷָŹܿٵܴ˰ܴˣְǺõģ̫أȴҪáУ½˵ȻƫȴҲǸʵӡҲǱһŹģʲôϾ˵ʲôڹй̰ͣīãȴһ۵㡣㱳½ˣȴǲá
ܿӦϼִ֮ԡЩǣ˵˲ŻҲ׵ġ¹ٵС֮ģȾ֮ˡ
ӦϼЦЦº͵˵ܴ˲𣬻տڣҼϵذȥϢɡ
ǣ¹ٲ¹ٸˡ
ȵ˴ãһܿȴͻȻһݣԣԣ˵ĻЩԡһʫһȷʵǵһҲ֮ƾٳϣ徭˹£ʫٺãҲδСٺƲҲһʫ黭ϳˣɿһӣҲв˽ʿɼƾȡʿһ˵ĲŻȴûκιϵ
ԣ½ǿ϶ʲô⡣
ڣͬҲʦ֮꣬ԽԵòˡ
ѵ
һֿµͷĵ


195 ս
ڵ˵ˣǰΣֻҪһƪ˹ûŽأʦʹʦķۣүǰɼٺãҲֻӰ쵽ΣֻҪһãʸϰ
ǰǸǸǵֻͣҪһأҡһ䣬ͳν׼
ʮ꺮ʣһٳ֪
ǿƾ٣Ƿ⽨˲ѡƶȡ
ֿڸ˼룬βѧǸȴΨһƽѡ˲ŵֶΡҲΪƶȣײĿܣͳν׼Ҳ˵Ŀܣн׼̻֮ݡ
һƶʲôͬĿʱ͵Ӧ͵ڹ֮Ŭϡ
ԻǼºĻԣÿһ죬˾͵ٵꡣ˵һ˵ܳӪͨ˵ƽҲܴﵽʮҡ
һ꿪ʼɣȵ顷徭͸ѧὫ˹ʱƽȣʮȥˡȵμӿƾ٣ơžʮ˾˽ʿģʮõȵ˹٣Ϥٳѧһϸʮȥˡʸ£ҲǶ̶̵ʱ䡣
½ѧһŻڵţ˵ûбûҰҲǼٻ
ˣһԿʼ֮ǰҶǿܼ
ܶ˶˸磬ĬĬкȲ衢ġȵ緹֮󣬾ͺƺƵɱ˳츮ԣգЩս֮ǰļơ
ڿĻʳʵ̫ʿӶǶ˺üģ½緹ǳʢҶǴ͡
½ִ󸻴֮ҽϧƽԵ嵭Ҳ㡣ɽʦҲԣЩ򡢺֮ѧõ඼֪Ҫڿ뼢գ죬Ե͡ƵɣȫȻ˶˵档
½͢ǻǣֿͬ˶һҲ̸ͬ
ھۻʱĴطû½ʲôõĻ䡣
½ҹͻȻ˸գŪԺһͨæңǺУǰҩڴһ磬㽫ȥˡ
ʳ㲣Ե
ӣû°ɣڵĵؿһۣû´һӦ˿ڷ˸աûпصֻܿҪĵֿܲܰȥ
״̬֪
Ե壬κζ˶ס˿̣ĻȴҲ˵ڡ
û¡½ԵɳƣҲúʵ˵һ֣ʹһ£Ҵҩģû׼һͺˡ
üͷһЦڸ磬Ϊҵģ׳ʵסġû׼˿ӵúãлϲͺȫˡ
̾Ϣһٲ˵
ʱ֣ҲûʲôϻֻžƱһһѧǾƣ˵ЩĻ
ʱ򣬵ں½վ
ͬһ±ӣͻȻʿ꣬ʦһҲҲЩӡһѧУɫζȻܹСֻ²ڹһˡһ
ǣ֮ѧġһڸɵǱƣЩůʵ˵ڴЩӵ飬ѧЩ汾£ֶҲġ
ѧ佱ڣҲһڸտʼʱѧﲢɫҵҲͨɵȵʼڰ˹ĵʱ򣬺ǻһƵģͻȻ
ԣ˼û׼Ҫˣʶ˵ı£ȻǼǿġ
ʱ½үˡ
˻æվͬʱ֣ү
Ȼ൱ðȴòܣҲҵؽһ
½ȴǲŲ壬ڳһѣ㽫ȵϾ㸸ס
ڶЦЦ˽ҪȴڿǰӵĴ״˸Ͳҵǰ̰
޲ǵĸĸ
״˵Ŀȴֻ½һ˶ѣҾṆ̀ʳķʵʵڼˡ˵ȴҲ游׶ˡ
ڣ˵ˣһ˷ϲǿǰΣǽӣϾǸӣġ㿴ү첻ǾԹӽˣ
״½ģȴûκιϵ
½Ӹղŵһһһ˿ر½쿿½ү۾һ˿ҹ˹ֽ֣˫°˰λɣúȡóɼ
ߵ½ߣߣЦʣǰΡؼһǵˣ׼ûУ
Դ½ү֮󣬴Ҷû˵һʣ
½֮һֱˣʡ̧ͷ״ˣǰȻò⣬ȴҲõ֡һҲڻ£˵ǰиȴҲס
úúãΪҲͷˡ½үһϲźЦ
һ˺üƣʱˣʿͣ¿ӣһװ½׼õ
½в˵ʿӳͽ׼õĹ֦ڿǵϣ飬ȡ󸹬۹֮⡣
½үרŵ
ٵϳʱ½үȥ½ĳ
½ӿһĻȴͻȻЦЦʲôҲ˵ͽ˳عϵĺ·
˼ҵļ£Ҳ˵ʲôֻ֦ᣬȴûκζ
ˣһƬڰȻһǰС
˰죬ȴǳסˣӣѹʮָгж̣Ϊ˸ĸƫһŮҲǿġ
½۾ȦȴˣͻȻڸ磬ҪĸҪоˡڲ輸дģǵ棬ǲȵ˵ģͨʲô;
ڵ˵ҿʲôҲûдһǼǴˡ
ҲǴġ
ڣҲô࣬ڽվһ仰㵱ѣ಻ң
̧ͷ̹ȻĿ⿴ȥ֪϶Ҫ仰ģͬ㼷һϡ
½Ŀͬһã֣صصͷŽڸ磬ֻˡĸףŮħͷʣһ㡣Ҳֵţ½Ҳû˿ˡҲʵģȻôˡҵ汾£յûͷԣ˿Ҳû취дõ
Ҽţо˵ġӣԷƱνҲűá
һָڳϻĸһ֣дǱҲⲿҪġΪȣһⲿúˣһƪġ
ǡȭͷ
һ£ЦҲÿƪ¶⣬дֻҪһƪʦ⣬һڰٳ󡣡
ЩģһԴ˿ϣһ˹ƫƫĸһ⡣ˮƽȴЩΪŪɳ׾˵˿ٵĻɡ
˹Ժŷ׷³ճǩǰȥ
·ߣһʱע
½үŶ½ס˵ʲôʱʱ½Ҵӵļ¹ڣһ顣
ڿֱͷִͥҲǳ¡رϲһҲ⡣Ҳ̫Ҫùƽ
ԣҡιƽ¡
һ˵ĵˮ׼ͲŸɣǴš
½壬ɫ˵ȼһüǧܴеĸֹϵ٣ҲǸܳԱ
ɴ˿ɼ½үžҲ޵úܣ̾Ͳ̫ߡѹͷиͨĸףһ̫ӵȴֻ쵽̫ˮСٵĵز½ңǲˡ
ν֮ס
ĽҲǷǳҪġ
а룺괺˽ʿ֮ҽԺӦûκ⣬лʵ۷֣ǰ;һƬȻξֻʱ䣬жʷ֪Ⱦ㹻һι̵ǰ;ȻһƬ϶Ὠһ塣½Ϊ䣬μҲҪܴ󹦷ԼҲǶԼ˸
ó½һѣڸ磬ǽȥɣ
һƽǶõԼĿ״̬
֮С
ӴҩЩ鷳ǰæ˵ͷһʱǸʶڣͺһҩȷûʲôַ֮С
ǰ˵ÿգʵֻ룬ʱǼͷһҹġ
һ˽ҹȴҪգҪȵ볡
ھЩգͻȻͯͯԿɲϣÿ̶ֹʱÿǰ
˾ӣ˰죬ȵʱĿֽûз׼п˵˳츮Ϊ׼˻ʳС˸ҳԡ
Ĳ˵ϻɫ٣ϸɽ߷һֻϸһԣһǻȣһزˣ⣬һ˻а׷
һ뵽Լ˶һ󻶺
ɵʱϸȴգȡСˡ׷Ҳ˴ɳĲ׷Ǳ֮˸˿ˡ
籾ͳԵúܱ˿׷ϵļƬѾɫƹϾûθڣҳһӣͳԳ˼ɳӡ
һ˵ʽԵһͷͷġ
˵һĻʳãм㣬Ҳû˸ҿ˿۰ɡԣڵʡʹ˾еһӦȻҪúýʡʯͷե͡
ûθڣ½ȻҲԲȥ͢º½ҲǶ˼¿ӣͽӵһߣϢ
ҹʱֽڷˣĿ
У顷ش𣬾Ŀдƪ˹ġ
⻹⣬ֱѡԡ׾龭͡ǡҲǰ˹ɣһȫ𣬿ֻѡһüɡ
ƪ¶ǹ̶ģܹŸӡ
㣬ûƪд꣬ôҲ߰˰֡ƪǧ֣йæġãֱѡʵķĳȥˣĿҪ򸹸壬Ҫ٣дݸ壬ȵʽӣʱδعá
ˣһõ֮󣬱Ŀ˲˯ĥīҹս
ʡԣ˹ĶڵһΰӦϼΪÿǵ״̬ӦգŲһ
˵ãܶ˶ѾûľˣûͷһõӺпֿЦΡ
ڼһԼдٶȣëдʵڲ죬ҪдùҪܳԼ㳭ϮҲû취д̫졣
ƪ£һ⣬ʣ죬һһ
еĹؼǳʲôķȥøΡ
ƾٿԣǴĦٵĿζֻҪƢθо١
ʵ˵ӦϼȻڵĶʦڿҲйһνӴ˽ȴûκν԰ҲǺ˽⡣
ңݱ˵ΪֱͲῴӵϾһ棬̧֡˵ˣԵľӶҪ¼ãסֵģĵԼľˣҲûпܡ
ʵͬһϡ
ôóʲôȥأ
һƵĥīһ˼š
½ӵҲĥīʼʡ
ǵڲݸ٣ӻһӣ·úܽ
ۼ⣬½ÿдһ֣ӾͶһ¡
ֿʼڵƹһƬ
ҲﲻκæֻܽͷȥԼЩϡ
֮⣬һĿʵʷȫһ


196 ͬĦ
ĵһǵ⣬Ǵӡ顷гȡһľӣ仰˼һƪ˹ġ
峯İ˹ĿЩ𣬱ڳʱ⣬С˽ʦڿѧҾϤ̶ʱáȵ峯ĩ꣬徭ĿѾ˵ÿӺ涼Űʮƪĵʱ򣬿ٳ޿ɳʱŪЩ֮СѾǵѣѡȡõ˲ˡ
Ӧϼ˳ʵӣȻûиǶ˼Ŀǳ򵥣Īߣȳɣˣͯˣԡʣӽ飬Ȼ̾ԻҲ
һԡ˼ǣĺ£Ѿ˴·Һλˣ߸꣬ȥʺϴϴ裬̨ϴ磬һ·Ÿ߻Ӹп˵ͬ
ĳһͬľ󣬹ѾҪȥ񰲾ҵ͵޵ÿÿ춼ڹһָ㰲ֵϣһᡣͬ
ֿ˵ÿŷʱıضĿƽҲ֪¡
ȵõĿֽһ仰ٿسһ¶ɵЦݡ
ȴ֪ԽĿԽдáΪĿѣҶ۵ͬ߾Ӷ࣬Ҫ뿿ø߷ֻ֣ЩѡƴıʣǧУҲ±ʽ֮ˡ
Ȼܽмֽģԣ⣬һ⣬Ҷ׵Ϊ̫д̸Ӷ࣬ٿⲻƣ͡ڿԿ϶ûø߷֡
ԣܺ漸ΣһܹˣȾһ֮ء
ôʲôźأ
ʵ˵ĿͷķĿ˵ģ굽ĩĶУҪҲôࡣ
ˣʹӸڻԵĻԪͽԪƪοȻݿͿٵ
ΪǿѸڿִ׵زĳĳĳصĿĿ˭ȴû취ٵĿζֱӾĿԳɼԣһ˵׼ƪͬζķģʱᡣ
ƵٰӦϼڵʦֻƽսӴò࣬ϲʲô£Ҳ޴ֻ֪ܴżӹơ
룬ϴڳɶμԺʱΣǴοԼͷġĴĻ԰Ӧϼһ˹⣬һǡѡԡһǡ¡ѡԡӹ
ʱҲûǹϲʲô֣Ϊ˱գԳǮǫƪȥţɱһٶ
Ǯիĩ̳䣬ΰҵܲΪңʽꡢ䡢֣ɹѧ˳µĹؼ˳֮Ϊ²
ԣȻŨصɫϡѾܹҵһЩ峯ĵӰӡ
ƾΪĵζ˵˵ʣ˰˵ۣ˰ס
ţ˵ǲɵġҪͨĿдɫôȥѰͨؽڣ
ͷһƪõ£һкߵͬ£ƪ£õͷԪ
ʷϲûʲôǿĺԺޡ峯ĺԺǸϻһӣҲûʲô춯ص顣˵ѧȴǷǳõģǸԸ֡
ʮ˵һʮʱһ׵һҲ˵״Ԫ
⻹ʲôμӵԿϾϾǸ˲ŵĵطܹɱɼ
һÿοԶõһֱǸԻ峯ˣ£ԲԲ񣬶ԲԽߵ֪Ⱦ
ͨһ㣬붯ʡ룬¹ش󣬶ԼҲǳҪһЩ
Ҳæëʣʵʵش˲ݸ壬׼ƪдڲݸϣ֮¼Ͽ
ʵϣƪĵⲿдҲѰҲͨ
ɵǽڣȴʾ״ԪĹ
¶һΣѫҵߣ֮Ҳʱ޴ûϣȱ㻳粻żԼ֮ӡ
ߣʿ֮Ҳũģ˷ڣ֮٣ȻԿ⣬ΣĿǰԵ֮־ӡ
ٱȲ֣֮ʰãȻֵʱȻ˾ζĿ֮ȡЯƽХ֮£಻ҲҲڵ죣
֮ʰڣִĺΪʱͯڶΪˣӽΪ侳֮£μ֮䣬󣬲ҲҲ֮ǳ죣

µľԻĺԡһΣᣬѵǡôΩϿƣϳ⣬ԪߣʶԶ

ƪ£ޱȵġ
дɲһ䡰ν֮־ϰٻ֮־΢кߣؽ֮ȻӵΩȻ̾ߣδʡʱȴͻȻи鷳ʱһͷ亹


197 Ѱڽ
³ˣ
ͻȻԼ֪һ䡰ߣδʡǸʡָôд
ʣʣǷԻǷԣץץԴͷ϶ʱһ㺹ˮգ鷳ˣؼʱ̣ôأ
ģ˵ļ򵥣ҸСѧ͵ѧʣ˼ҲдһţĴһ֮ȻֵƫԲʲôû취ȷ־͹ǰõ̫࣬ϰABCȻдˡһЦ
ҲǹˣȻ촩ԽִᡣΥִֻصԼУͻȻʵ˵ãֻԣƵ֪ḻʲôεȳ̶ȡ
ǣҲûţղǴԴȣK迴ȻڵMM죬̳Ϻܣòֺ
ԣҲûʲô׼ģѾ֣ͱ졣֮ǰҷκɳһ½ŵ񾭡
ѧԴֵʱҪñָʣֻƴЩ죬Ϊ˹ĵͬϽ͹ѧ̳ļѽΣΪһⳳҹ
ٶԽؿܹ׵شﵽÿһٶʮֵˮƽǣΪˣÿд֣ܻʶȽҪдԶƴĸղʵʱüζд˺ƴ
ãȰ³ڲݸϡղֱдϣû׼ҪͼˡĽһգԺ¡
ŴĿƾԾӡ˺ɫһܲһӣд˴֣ͿۼҪ۷֣ƢõķʦֱӾͰľӸˢȥ
õöˣԶдƴ˵׷֡
ڣ򵥵һʡ֣Ȼסˡ
ڿǰ˰죬ֱַͬƫԵдڲݸϣ˿ôôɣҲȷ˾һֲǶԵġ
μһࣺմ㣬ȴϹ۾
ԽǼԽԽǿǡ
˰죬Ҳˡ
û취ֻ÷˻˵ˮ˵ˮ˼ڡȴͻȻһЦĹʲǷһǱסˡִõԶˣδǺ£ٴԽִᣬɲٶñдɡ
֮ޱɣĵ飬ǿЩѵһд꣬˯Ҫ
̨ī֭ѸɣʼҲסˡ
Ūãһƪ³ȥȵҪʱһͻȻһҪĹؽڡ
ؽǴãֻ»Ŀʲôóɼ
ֻŴĦӦϼĿζȴѷʦһظˡҪ֪ݾӲֱӽٵϣȵ÷ʦۣʦˣѡ͵ȥΡ˵䴧ĦӦϼֺŷʦϲʲô֡
ʦϲʲô£Ȼǲ֪ģڣ˭һԡƪ±ǰ˹ľ䣬ֻҪʽʲôû⣬ʦֲϹӣῴеĺôˣʽơҵˣЩɴ鷳
һ飬ҲûٳӣڲݸдɲּӽȥһЩ
ӽȥȫƾԼ汾£ҲûԳȥãǰһ½ѧѧϰʱһʦдʮֵ»ѲȻԭ߻ȴҲмģ
ԭ漰˹ĵһЩϸ΢
峯İ˹ľݺʽϻͬɿȴ
ȣ²дٶԣֻҪá峯ͬ˳ζ꿪ʼ涨˰˹ĵΪÿƪùʮ֡⵱ȻΪ˿Ҫʱԣִͬ߿ʱ䣬ֻСʱ
ʱ첻ڲųˡʿÿͷųʱϳֻҪʱдǧֳģԹľ޷ˡҪޣޣй涨
ʮ꣬ʮ֣ƺ٣ߴδͲݲݽӰݣʮ֡Ǭ¡ʮ꣬ȷ涨ԡΪ߰١
дᣬ½ܽԵķӣʾ϶࣬㷢߼⣬˹ûСᡱ
ڶҪдúˣ׾˷ʦʦ⡣
峯пûдһ˵ˣƪϸ˵ǲġҪ뿼˳ͲòӸβ͡
𣬱ıܻ䡢ܷ⡢顷ĳ˳ʲôģȴҪ
ڳɶμԺԵʱҲûдᡣʱǰӦϼֱֱҲô⡣ңԺԱԶԣҲô棬һ仰ܾһԵŹ
ԿͬȵøٳѡȻѡ󣬻רŵ˼ලٺʵڣκһڳ⣬ľ˹͵
˹ıǱ£ԸʽҪϣ϶á
濼ϵһο汾ģʮֵϸãݸд˺ü֣ȷյĶ壬¼档
һŪ̧꣬ͷһ춼ˡ
пЦ˰ͷΪп֣ӦӦþ߸һѣ⻹еæҲãؾͽ꣬ȥڿ﷢ĺá
˯һһ죬ȵʱѹѾˡ
ڶĿǡĶ֮ࡷԡӡС֮һĶĶ֮࣬ũʳˡҲǴڻĿӣӦϼͬΪѡ
׼˷ģɴ˲ݸ壬Լд˴ᣬ죬ûκ֮󣬲ųȥ
ǡ龭һ䣬򵥣λִһΣĿĴҲˡ
һֵ꣬ëҲûһд־Զ滻ɺƴë
ΨһƵʱ򣬵һҹΪ˸ͨȻ˯һ죬ʱ⡣նдӣ˯
⿼İ쾿ʲôΣһ֪
ֻ֪ûͣգһһգڿϣѪЩֽ֮С
ǳ˳ǵ֮󣬲סֿ̾ȵ
һҲ֪ǽŻǲã÷ǳ֡

͵ƵĵƹһϨˣȴǵѾոɡ
һڣֲָֻɳɳѹֵĿԡ
һ
һĿǡҲҶһִ˸еʮֵνġش⡱
ʲô˼أǰһһ򼸸֣һĿͷֻͷһһﲻģΪĿ֮д˹ġ
Ŀϰ䡰Ҳϡʮ¡ԭƣԡʫ顢ִ񣬽Ҳ
°䡰Ҷ֣ͬƪʮ¡ԭƣҶʿ··ԣԻŮɲԻΪҲʳǣ֪֮ƶ
ƪǼǿ֮ǣò֮ʵһƪ鶼ܳǡеģáֻǰһּڶ¿ͷ֣һ𣬡ҲҶӱ߼Ͻֱ֪ơ
Ŀù֣ǰӦϼǰʵڼ򵥣Ūôһ
ĿҪѵĴǣҲôףٿˢһѧԨ˼άԾĿɡ
˷ģд󲿷ֵĴᡣ
Ҫ¼ȴϨˡ
ֻ˯ȵʱ¼ȥȻ󽻾
Ҫˡ
ڿȴƪĵ־ȴӿͷʥѵ֮гֿɼӡ
ԶԻԣʫ֮⣬ӹ̲ҲҶߣֺգ

ʿ··ڲ𣺴ԣ֮֮ԣ̲֮Ҳ

ƪµԭѾɿȴдòңֹ⣬ֻҪܴǹˡ
õڼأоӦûκ⣬ؼΡʵ˯ˡ
ʱûеһ˯ǳ˹̧ͷһ˿ɣɫ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ䣬ɶ濼ԿĿǶѾͣʲˡ
½͢¸˻еڿƷŲˮһ־ӣȻò
Ҳ˾ӣڵϣǽڣͷϷʪ޽ڷաҲ֪ΣɫҰܵŪˡ
Ȼ˯һ졣ڴһæ¼ٵȥһڣɾ⡣ͶȼˣѲɻҪ׾
֮ǰ㽫ӳ꣬һ˫۾Ѱ÷ǡ
ᶼ˵ƣˮԵޱȻԻ׳
ֹһһ죬ڵվʱ̡վٹˣȻкŹٹ˺ŵ
ʿճǩŶӣεԺŽǩֽŹ٣Żؼҡ
ڿˣ죬;ϢҹͿʱ볡ˡƾٿԣ̫ӣ̫ûˡë촽һ
ַסײײߵ½ûдĶأ
Ҫˣûһȵø̼һ˵סŴһҲͣ


198 ʵ
֪ʲôʱͣˡ
е䡣
յůůģɢһʵ޲ζһ˫ֽˮ豭̲µζ뵿
ڴϿŶæǰæͻȻһԱѾѹһˣȴǲ´
ߵͷҴҴµıӣһͷڵͷ¡
ӿˣҹʱֳһȫ̳ݵȧǶԳˡ
һ۵ֱᡣڹӿΣȴʣʳʲôõ
ӽͷֶ֮ˮιһڣСʣ˯ÿɺãҪ𣿡
ůĲˮθУֻû̩ͨԺӦһˣ˯һɡ⼸ͻȻʪ䣬û˯һǣҿǶǲŶԣ괺ǹҲܡ
ô˵иۣСѩˣȻҪȥġ
ЩȣͻȻȻũѮɻɺĹѾʮµסĶ磬Ҳ죬ٹӦþСѩһתۣһˣӹѽ
ٿǶӣҲһˮɫİӣӣƤһζ
糿ʱΰ֮䣬ҲûôǡʱСһӿʹŵһ
۾һɣƿڵ֣֣пˣ㻹ǿЩ𴲣˵ȡ
ã˭أǲѧͬǽԵͬꣿʡ
룬ȴ뷨˵ѧͬɣԼƽﶼǾ֮ˮ˽Ҳûκֻͬӽ鲻ǳϧ½յģҽˮƽƻڴɰ¡
Сӿ͵ģʵȴһ־ᶨ֮ˡˣǿڿ죬ݼǿͺ
ͬ꣬ȵмաҪҶڰˣͬ꣬пܴ໥ݷϵʲôġ
ǿ֮ĵһ죬ôˣ
ʣӵǸʲôϻƹѰ㡣
ԴЩԺĸϻƣ
ЦιһȲ裺ĸǹ㿼ǰȥǸۣ֡ԭڳ˵ʱַϡ
Ҳûܣȴ΢΢ˡѵõЩߣϻƻ鷿أ˵
ƽ겻ɢġѹæֳ˻
ƽƽ޹ʵ϶ԭһ鷿ţȴﺨ˯˳ȥҲ֪Ҫˡ
ˣѵǻʵҪԼȥԷ£
ɲõ顣
æӴһеӣϴˮë
ϴϣһ߳ңӭһϮڴ˸硣
ǰ׻λһƬٶȥһƬİѩҲ״ѩƮ
ѩˡ
һĵͺ𣺡Ҷһֽ֣֣һмϻƣҪ𣿡
ƽѼɤӴֵŵĹټС϶úܡ㲻óȫ£ôܹ񫡣ĺˣȭҲûѧã˲ҵģʹȫ
̧ͷһȴԭǻƽԺУ㿴ңҿ㣬΢ӣ
Ůĵضֻź̽
϶һǿƣһվԨͣţһʦ緶
ãҾͲˡҲһתһµĲΧŻƽתȦӡ
ôʹˣϻƣܹʲôںЦô˵ģ˴ˡ
£٣ƽһһȭ̫Ѩϲȥ
ԭ˻ƽͷ˵ͻȻˡһжڻƽԤ֮һߣһȥڿը
һɼ̺˶̫Ѩ˵ˣһͷţҲˡ
ãҲһ̽Ȼһбʽʹǳ̫ȭ·ӣʱƽȭжһߣһ͡
ƽֻԼһȭ䵽˿մ˵ܣҲǲȣԱߴ˸˳Χǽϵһͣһ˸ǹȥ
ϺȵڼҹǹҲڼҵķš
һǹֻ춼ǹӰһһССԲЩ̫ǣԣݵ⾳
һǹЩԪǹ棬кü汾Ҳӿ˲ٿǹµĺ֡Уݼ̹Ϊνݻеݣ֪ʹǹݼ̹⣻ָֹ֣ࡣ
һֱ֪ͻƽǵһָ֡Խ֮⻹ǵһονĸֱ䣬ʱȤҲֹĿתؿţ©κһ档
ϧʱ򣬶һϺȣͳ˳ȥʲôȻǼܣɺͳҪȥȥ˹ӣҸûꡣ󻰣󻰣һ͵ˣСһ
¶ӣһߣ֣ϻƱˣӴˡ
ƽʲôݣȻСѾߺǳ⣬ҲЩ˼ЦЦͽӵһߡ
ڿȤҲЦϻƣų˼Ҿ׷Ҫ£ǽ鷿˵
ȷʵЩ¶ҹӣҲЩҪ˵£ƽɫһݡ
˽ݣ£ڻʾ˳֮󣬻ƽŵΣ
ʵĿһ
ڣһɣûʲô©ܲУͲ֪ˡ
ƽشһ©ûˣ˾ͺá˾ˣθְɡʱȥǱ߹ҸţʱȻ˹ա˹ְҲߡ
ʵϣ֮󣬻ʵҲ½ȥʵȱһж˵
ڵûκȤǱʿͺԺȥģо֮󣬾٣ҲƷ˼󡣲ƽ˵иԺµҲ㡣
͵лһʣƹڿԶΰɣ
£һʮ죬ʯͷǡѾûдɵȲˡ˵ξʵۣƽֳ̧˹˼һ䣬ʲô˼ҲͬЩūŵ˵⼸һһͬūĹ¡ū޶ۣҲ֪˼ⱾΣдϼǧֳȥ
Цԭģ԰ڿɲǷϻʲôд壬۶٣Ūģдȴûκκôˡ
˵ţֽ̿ʼĥī
ƽڶͽһֻǦʵ˹ȥЩôȱǮҲǵ˵ϻģҪǻư֮Ҳ˵һɫȥ˰ͰͶؽɽ͹ūһ²Ŷٺ»Լ⣬ﻹʸ㡣
ڽӹǦһдһ˵ȱǮÿı̿ͺüĺˣҪǮҪһˡ
˵Ʋƽɫֻ²ɡ


199 
̫С֣һžһʼˣϻƣô֪ҪҪ
Ůڵδޣµûʲôסͷӵġ˵Ǹ֣ôܲ취ຣ
ƽ̾ϢһнӹǦʣھʵϳ˼£ֵݻȥֻԶˡ
Ϊʲôڳʡ
һƲǸˣ˼Ǹˣ⼸ڶġŮסп˵ŮΪǸдǻ۵ˣŪýҲܵõɡΪ޵ŮŮӣ빬پڣã˿ƲҪ׼ˣñ֪ˣΣ
һǴİûڡΪС½ҵۣ׽һƪŮ벻ΪŪɳ׾ɽģ
ƽŵǸǺ޵ˣǻʱ࣬һǸӵ֣ŭڣ֮ƼҲϷŹԣûš
񰵵ȥþֻͷŸӡ
ƽһЩ̣ڰڵǰ£ȲƲֻԼҲҪݽȥôԵǱ˰˱Ҳ޲ĸȴȴ±ç
̧ͷѵͲ
ƽ𼱣Ȼɡ
һʵʷξҲ˼ֻ꣬꣬һȥдȨ֣¾ȲƼ
Ӧͬδ¡ʵ۸ùϵô졣
뵽һŻҵҲƽؿŻƽлƹָ㣬ˡ
ƽһ׾ͺá
ȴһתʻǲٵģһˡ
ˣ˵ɣҪʲôˣǹūͻͨˣҲסƽЦˡ
ڣһ̫ҽԺҽ
ԣĸʲôʲô˲̫ҽԺȻ鹬ܣϻƵǻǻһģֻҪ˵óܰ˸ƽͷ
ڣҪˣȴˡһŮ֦
ŮҸղſˣýҲ˼꣬ǵҸ̫ҽƣأ
ڣһ½ҵĵ½һ½ָʹ½
½ѰɣСֺģʵúܣôҲˣˣ½Ĳ̫ҽǰҲȥģûˡ½ͬûκιϵɣôôģУ½˴󸻴֮ңҲУ
ڣ½Ǻãϧˣν˱кڿﶳ˼죬Щͦס½ѧЩӵ飬Ƿ˼ҵ飬εûϡУǺǣһֻƲ½ĲԲ鷳ͷ
Ҳûáһ׻̫ҽԺҩӼ¡ƽһЦǲ׵ģ̫ҽԺǣһ˿ǿʲôҩԲˡܲܰѲκã˵
ҲúЦ˵̫ҽǸֹ֣һӹҽɱȵģڣʲôܿá
ƽ򣺡˵ʱ䣿
ںЦͷˣ˵̫ҽԺְ
ƽҲ˵ǰȴ̫ҽԺϧȴˡ
ˣڴΪʧڳʱѾʼԣٲҽΣֻҪ÷ˣŪûˡ
ʵ˵ҽĲ
Ը֦ԲЧȴǲбҪá
˵ˣڶʱҽҲǷǳ档
һʧƽ˵ʱ䱾Ǻˣξʮʱ򱻳ȥҽֱƼϾ̫ҽԺСҽȷʵһǡϧЩŹ֣̫ͬҽԺദ̫Ǣ̫ҽԺһ٣ͬŷͻȥ⡣
ֱһξʵ۸о̫ȥʱʱȴûӣȰʵֹͣɵ˵õҩĺŭ˱£ϳ˾ǡ
ԭˣǿϧˡһ̾
ƽҲʧʱ䵹Ѱ˵ڹűڲҩͷ̫ͬҽоɣҪѰдһȥˡ
ڴΪϲô֪ڹűڵġ
ƽЦʱ⼸æдһҩ飬㼣鼰ĺǣһ·һʴ֣ȴһ˳ܵġйְڸվסǰһӲվĻĿʱÿһĿ֪
ڣúúãͷƹˡ
ûʲôģҲһ׮С£Ƿһأǻҵʱ򡣡
ʲô飿ںʡ
ƽ괥ŭ£µگȥˣū˵һ仰ġЦЦҡͷͷҪúˣʵ˳ѱûеò졣ӸλֲɣȻⲻһҪ¡ѽٶٴͷӺգʲô˶Ωܵҽ
̲꣬סЦ˵е
һ˵һ߷ɿǦдŸӣһдһǧ֡
ƽðզ࣬һ˵һ߹˼һ¼һã˵ãҲ
ֺһڲˮʣһ£һ׮أƹ뽲
ڶƽһ˵ܻؾˡ
֣˾Ǹ˲õֱܶƷԱԵĵϵһơкܶĺպսţϵͿ̨ˡ
ƽͻȻ˵˵֣ѵ˵ξ׼ֲϵνᱻֱ£
԰飬֮δƽ;󽫵ʱ
󻻽ǱҴɡ
ڽ£һµֱֻܶûסݼ̹ʡһȺ
ǿеɻ󣬻ƽǮģǰϾҪһδսۣŪúã֮ҽһƽֻϧòãʿѾûáӵҪӣսǰҲҪӼʿս󻹵÷Ӻ۹͡׮׮ǮʹѾŪýͷöʱӶˡͷӽһǴЩдˣپǽȥʡ㣬빬
ãдƪӾߡдһд꣬ͬӽ˼䣬ϻƽͬһȥԷ
Ѿ֪ǸǼξʵۣƽҲ·ϵݸһƣ˵Ժɳ룬˵Ҳ㡣
ʮûȴģ´ĽּܣҲѷ˲Ƭʯשһ󹤵ء
һʻƽ֪ʵ۾طʵ̫ƾˣݡ
˼ξſڣûȥڴ𣺡ǮǮǮ⼸۾һֵ֣ö߻ħˡλʮˣ٣Ժһ㣬סһ㣬ѵдܣôӣͷˡ
£ǰսҪһ
ƽָָ棬Ķ˵ǾǺܶ


200 
Լξˣ˵ʵЩ͸ͬĶ³ҲӴ˿ʮˣҲЩ˽⡣ȵͬϤŷ֣ʷϵЩظͿס
ʷ˵ξʵΪ޵Ӷˡеʱȴúܣر漰Ǯϡ
Ȼط֮ƽղ仰˵úСӽһ
䣬ξʹﴫ˳ƽڣɡƽͣƺһ˲佫ŭǿѹȥƵᡣ
кȻֱ칦ˡ
ȵؿ˻ƽһۣƽȴһ߲ģָָ棬ʾڿȥ
ǾǽµĵһѩѾЩˡ
ξŴ󿪳ɣشţξͷһϮɴᣴòסƮ
Ա̺С̫Ѿڣƫƫҽп࣬ǿš
ʮûξʵɴһɫۣͷһڡֻϵʵڵȻʱĴ磬˱һ
ڴ󰸺棬һĲ԰ף۽ëʹţǰ˲мһˡ
վˣһƷĳһƷٴ硣
˶÷ǳ˧˧ȴвͬƷԼʮ꣬Ƥ𪣬һվԵɳڣƳڷ·ɣͬٷĳһƮݾԡ
üһɻ֮һվϾʾһǿҲη壬Ŀ򶨵ؿżξ
ò£˱ֱܶܣϷʡľ³٣ǧͳ˧ˣȻȻشһơ
ǸƷٿ̫ĿƤڣ˫ֵĻȫǺʵļӡ룬׳ʵøһͷͻƵġȻǾþɳ罫
ڻʵǰԵúηӣĽŵöͷȫϸϸëëĿҲ벻Ȼ±ç
ҲʶƷҲǸνϵĴ󽫡Ǳ飬ƷƷźǸ߹١
Ǻ˵Ĳ
¡ƽһǰʩȻ͵͵ؿˡ
ˡξͻȻ̧ͷ˵ֱܶܣʡͳ˧
ξָָڣԶ˵˽ڣ޼ǰߡ
æǰһҾܶ
ʵ۽ʱû˵йְо졣ǳˣ֪ʵ۵Ĵг֮ߣΪһʿ֮ֻ˵ͷҲϡ
ڼûκα飬ЩΣ彩
ǸƷ۾һȻ󻻳΢Цƹ
⿴ЩǫĻüͷ΢΢һ壬ȻЩ
ûʵʱԣڣҪã޴Ϊ㽭һ¡ԻҲǺģҲһ顣
ǡһͦ
ʵ仰ܺžͬʱ΢΢һ֪ڲֻһˡ
ܹԲ¶࣬Щŵ
ξֵڸ˾࣬ټǰߵĺܶһǰ߾£˿㶼ȫˡڣղźܶ˵㽭ǰ߾ѾľҪǮ˵ûУܶ˵ǮԺӣôûǮãùЩ֧ԺӾͱˡĿ죬˵˵
ɤӣĿ֧ʱѾ˶ˣĿڸƱ⣬һĲٷŵǰߡˣ֧ǵսݼ̹ڶͬϵսģʵϣһ㽭ŲãսһҲޡ
仰˵ɫһ䣬ԱҲһ
ξʵ۶ʱ̧ͷؿ˺һۣˣ޲ǳ֧ȥˣ㷴ô˵
еΣգǻ£࣬㽭ñӼᡢսһӡսȥˡ͢ľֻʿãҪ̣̣ȴǲġѾǾвĵĹأҪǰ߽ʿ֮ģʿֻܽӪ̲Ұӡһ͵Ƿһʣ̰ī
˵ǻʻξЦ˵
ƽԣǳ˷ôүǰô˵
ҲǿֻǾʵ棬¡
ԣްԺӵٰͣǮˣʵϵķζŨ
ܣǣԽɽΪء
ҲֱҡͷܶʷҲǸȨı̵ˡϵĻɽ֮Ϊ˱סٳ裬˲Ͻּξģ֪ʶȤôƻʵۣǵüξմŭҲΪһ¼ˡ
ԼξСӣܽҪùˡ
ǰҲûܶ˻ǺкøеġƷΣȷʵвš֮һ֪ճô˵ڹд󹦵ģҲһӢۡ
εӱһ
ξһǰȥ£ǰÿ곬֧ǳͻ֮ĬϺ֧ܶúⳬ֧ĲΪʿĿսĸͣԱʡ֧Ĳ֣ȴãֲúܶ
Ŷ£ξЩ⡣
ǰȥϳһʱ̯ڻʵǰָָǰһӲʱǡÿһʡ
ξ˿̧ͷ컨微Ƶسܻ˻֣²㣬°ɣҪǮʻͱҪȥ
ǣȸˡܺ佫໥һۣһľ졣ǱΪ˵ֲܲ˵ĻȻǵûʵ۲Ȼŭȴû뵽ֻһ仰ûʵƽ
ɼڻʵĿеĵλ
ôھǺηʥأ
Ⱥܶ£ξŭؽһƽڣô˵
ƽղڻʵߣȻҲҳǱʱæشүʹϵҵ棬ūҲţñƽˡ
ȴԭ֪ܶҪǮģڲμԣˡȥ֮󣬶ѾϺľ촬ʣЩǰս¡ӱҪľϾؾһ·ϵ˹˷ѣ۳Լֶþˡ
жԼξҲЩģǰս˳ԽʵȴΪܶŲþáôһ۵㡣
ţԭ޵ղŲ㶼ˣֻǺҲȥƫƫֲ˵ǿɶ񣡡ξŭһ֧Ǧʣһ۳ء
ȵܿɶԿɶǰһã´մҲŲȴȴͷҲޣ㽭ǣ˾治ת𣿡
ﾡɭ


201 Ц
ʵһҪһˡ
ЩѹһӢΪվ˶ӣѾûʵۼǺˡδĹ⾰ֻ²
΢ᣬҲﲻæ
ˣҲȥ룬ûһлᣬܰͰɡ
ʵһŭںͻƽҲ˵ʲôֻȾվһԡ
ΣξеŭƽϢԳֺڽͣ޿ûҪ촬ľϣūʡ强ޣҪ˼ЦˡЩʡЩǮȴгۺˣһ¾²⡣ˣҲ˵Щĵ顣ڣˣ
ʵ۵ɫ
ڣرµĻûС
ʵۣǾͺãĲѧвˣ˵Ϲۡ
תͷԻƽ˵½ǵ̰īٿ
ǡ
ҳʵۿ˰죬ȴжһߣȻ²˾ġ
ֵƽһʥּ½Ϊ˾Сȱ𷢣ԽԺ졣
ǡƽһ𣬻ʵ۹Ͱ½ϾʱҲǸƷ٣λؾҲƽֱӹϵ¸ԱˣȨƴˣǸʡҲùؾվ˵Ҷһڡ
˵һɳˣõԺвˣʥּҲϡ
ڻʵĿѾͨŪķ룬һԴõ˲š
ȷʵڲʫʵһҲǸ֣½ڸ󸨳žҲѷɫ
ξⱲֻãһŪǮƫƫдһ־ʣ־ͨã벻ûʵϲѡ
ʵڵڲж£ʱΪѧòŶĿơɼˣѧǵִѧ֪ʶǿļִ˵ļʶҲһһĸˡ
ʥּʵڽʯͷǡ½ڳֱýζ
鱾ѵ磬ûƽţ㡣
ҲֱڻʵףԵú⡣
һͬʵһԷԵúִܾ٣ҲǾپٿӱʾһ£Բʲôһʵ۶̫󳼴Բķ˴ȥһãʾʶƵҲǹеһء
ڸںЩóԾͳԣúȾͺȣԵôݵ
ƫƫʵҲ⣬һ߳ԣһͬ˵
֪ˮŶЩĻǱȲЩʿġҲһףרżЩҰ̸о֮Ķ˵˵˼ִϵĶӡ
տʼʱ򣬻ƽЩģ˵ЩʵǵȲ˴֮áû뵽ʵȴȤЩνĻӶһ
ǵ˵˵ϸһ΢˽ã·ٷˡϸϴŭ֪ʲôǵ׸ҵǮٿҪɱͷġٷ˳ĬƬ̣ҵǮʱξһʱûع˰죬ͻȻЦ
״ţȴǸ֮ˣЩطӣƵýô˵ϸϣڷ̰īȥˣֻҪŻѪɡ
ƽҲ̲סһַɿס͡
ξڴЦԾȻָʹҪǮô׸ɲȱǮô¼Ц˵˼ڣһϸϡ
˵ϸϰƣСҲǳơһϸϺͶȥμϵᣬСϿһ԰񱭷ǳƯ˳һֻؼҡɾʱϸֿ죬ȽһֻĵزؽСϾͼˣ룬Ɑһ԰˳һֻһֻȴŪˡ룬Ӷ˵ҰҸˣħҽֻӷŽȻһͻᵽ״˵ȥǣСϴ󷽷ؽӷŽӣ˿һ
ξͻƽһʼף룬ͻȻع
ʵ۴Цһ׷˳ģҲŹúúãЦʹ죬ǡʯͷǡߣ̧־ǹ¡ЩᣬЦˬ
ƽҲЦֱĨᣬ˵Ħʵ˼Ͷãϻûܱȵʿꡣ
ʵϵûʲôȳϼҸӸĵˡ
ʵЦҲڵԭǰһЦ̨̳Цһ顶еЦľ䡣
ԸЦ͵˷ָĹˣţɱζ
ԹʵãڸԼдһƪʣһŪõҲҡֻǸɻĹԵЩ
գڶддʯͷǡддʣԶԻĿӵҲóʵ
⼸գΪͶʵãڻ˵ЦǶԣɼӣһЦˡ
һգƽ˵ʿ꣬óؼˣ˳츮Էӣɲõ顣ʱҲˣվͻȥ㸮ϡ

Ը
ȥԷˣû󲡳úܺʵҲ˵ɫԵò԰ףȻһȥʻʵҪǮõõ
ϣͷŵذ壬˫Ŀ΢գڼ¡
ڴǰȱǮһ£Ҳǲ֪ȻҪڸøŵĿＷһܹܼЩġ˵ֱܱȥҿ˷ˡ
ҿҲ˼һŵʿӽ
Եϯңġ
ĵ˱¹ʵ˼ܵúܡǰǰȱãʹԣȡԡȥ£ǰȱǮһ·˵£봥ŭ£ϺСϸǣȥҲ֪ǸϵȻΪǸںָʹġ񣬸ʥѾ٣ôһֻ±¶ҵȶиѰ˼ţѾͶԣˡ
ԶԶԣȻˡЦ濴ˡ
겻ˡͻȻ۾̾ϢһЩ꣬ʲôӣҲ͸磬ǽǽôѺҲ;ƿݣҪ֧Ųȥˡ˾٣ǲڱҡµ©Ѿˣãٴط裬˭治ס룬ǣôڸ𣿡
໥˿Щɥ
ãĲʣϣǰս¹ϵҵ裬ûоãָΣ
ߣ˵¡Եɽ𢣬Ҿ㲻ܣҲġʵÿȥôԭǹõģ̾˲ۼһʣҲԽԽˡƫƫҲܲǣϼҪˡ֮Ի׸ǿдҵİģҡʾãòġ
ɫһѵҪȥʱҪֻ²ð졣ݿ缸Ϳʼˣ˭ͣ
δءԵ˲Ҷȴ˸Ҷ
۾ˣӺЩ׹ͻȻЦ˾ǳԲ϶ȸʹƨСԽȥȴˣеǧֶӦ
ʱ׸
ģĸˣ
ˣܶˡ


202 
Ϊʡܶͳ˧ǧһְѳйľҪ񣬺˼ٵ͵ɳ⣬ױӻҪģܶҲôڽһߣҲԵ档
ϸÿ궼һΣԼ˥νѾͬϸ˩һԴӶʮǰԼʿ
ʦǴٳι̣Ҫ˼ʹϵ
Ҳ֪㽭ǰߵս¹ϵʦԽÿսܲν龫ǣؽսù档ϧսĲǹģҲǶԳ͢ϵͳ͢Աһּ顣
ʵ˵ñδս໥ƺ໥ලڳƤϵĹսϻࡣңӲûһĺϵͳ㻹ͬطٸ򽻵жʦ͹㼰µںӦз֣̻ȥˡ
ʦһʨӵģ͢оò£޶һѡʮɵľãƮûڰ·ľﵽ˵ɡһǰߵĿԽԽ󣬽Ųˡ
ͬһţ»治˵
ԼǶʦҲ֪澿ô¡ÿ궼ᳬӵľʹá
ĸ߶壬ҺΩоϹᣬԱˡ
㽭սѾҪĹͷϣһ֮ڽһٽ
ǣ곬ֵ֧ľѱŲãҪɾϵǰڲãûһ򣬸ûпܡ
һսһҪʱ̣ȻϷǴˣҪ뾡Ϸ˻ȴ֪ҪȶꡣΪһ̣Ϊ˵ϵ᯸֮֮󣬳ܾ֮͢ΪľǱסԼǰͳ˧λá
̰ȨλʵǣԼֱܶλϸôꡣ񣬽˿ڹؼʱ̣һµͳ˧ȵϤҲ֪öꡣԪ˵ĺܣҲʱָʵ
ʱᣬϷһңˡ
Υ֮˾ˣ͵Һĳϵһ۵ɡΪɽһЩҲܲôˡνְýռЩáʦǱûˣֻЩ强ˡǷŭ꣬Ҫ֮ʱ룬Ҳ롣
֮У뵽̲ס΢΢̾Ϣһ
ʱ׾ͷ棺ǰฮˡӳ˼оѡ
ܣжԶ
Լʮɡ
ͣ
ͣһ¹ڡʾ׾Ӷڸ򣬶һ˴ݵسǰȥ
٣ҵ˭ԭǺˡŷܹЦӭȥȻҲǺܵĹˣճҲûƽռŷ˺ܶһȴԵ÷ǳ٬Ȼһ͸ҡ
ŷ˵˽üˣϹæҲǵֵܡ
ةƷ٣ȻֻһţȴںƷԱǰ˵ü̱
Ҳʦ˼ҿɺãæˣղŵ˿С
ŷðɣܳ˯
ܣʹȥʦ
ŷˣ˵ҵĹϵԭҲͨġСϽڸУʲôìܣһȥͨһĺáԴ
⻰ͻȻһᣬֻõ˵ͷ
촽˶סŷһڵݹȥѧԶһ⣬ҵһݣ㽭ѲѲݼ̹񶬵̿
ǰϸԼһ⣬ʲôʱܵ
ãҰȥ
ŷıӰܸоЩַסǽڣڴźһųϡ
ϸֺŴ壬Ա߿ǽı϶ųʣרΪǰͶ֮Ⱥá΢Щ֮ˣԿȥ￴衣
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ֱ˫ȷȴŷƵ˻лǸھ
ڻܣŷ˵㽭͸ʡˡݼ̹ⲻ죬˻ںǷݡҲ˻ˡ
ʦ˼ҡһᣬȦˡ
࡭ĵӣŷҲܡСʵŻ֪ɡ˥Ѿ¡⸮еĴС鶼С˵㡣ڸȨƣҲСڸ֮УǸϺˣȨԼǸ衣߹Ҳû˼£ž⼸ղŹ˸νڸ΢ᣬҲɲʲôԣʲô£С϶úܣԴ⣬ʲôȥԺ˽ֱ֮ȥ꣬ЩɼҲ겻
ܵͷΪȻģĬĬվŶʦ˵ѧͻ㽭ˡ
ȵȡ͵ıӰŷסСѾ֪ˣҴˡ˵һҲòģ£һֱܽܶţҲƮûһ¡
ܳһͬʱжᶼˡһ֯һսһٽܡϲ²ʦ
ʦлѧ
У˵ˣսµ̫飬˳׵ˣΪе飬粻׵һϷ˻ҲЩͷˣҲһʱάֺĿǰľĹ͡
ŷԽ˵ԽͣˣСһ仰²졣ν񾡣أ治̫еġ
⻰ͬһˮͷУ͸ġ
һõͷʦӦСϣҪذ
Щ꣬ϵȨһղһգ֮ûг׵̨Ϊսнܵ书ӦŲ֮
Сսȥʱ䡣
ǲԵģи¡
Ҳ飬ֱ˱ͨȡ˺ӣغȥˡ

ڵ˳츮Էһ졣
ѵû˯׼ȥԺǡ
˼ѩͣˣгϼȾ˶ա
Ī磬ˡ
ڣҲˡ
ڻɨԺӣ֦ڳ緹
򲻽ڿյ̫ȭ굽ӵ㣬ͷɿһߣǾӣá
Ҷ簡΢ЦŴ˫֣Ƿӡ
緹ҪЩʱ򣬹ȥϴӣʣʲôù֦׼
һ벻ӡ
ֿʼƵشȭ
һжһͺֻһͨ糿
˳츮Է񰡣
֪ˣЩȥϡ裬Ӷ
ڱˣǷӣôһ׼ûа
бһۣʣ׼ʲô
ץץԴ˵ȷʵо֮׼ЩʲôҲ֪Ҳûм¼


203 ǲ
һǻͷ£ɼͲϵӣʱʧҲ˼ᣬֻúҵϴѡ
ȵ緹ʱ˵£ȴϷŹʣӣô˵ˣ
ںһࣺ˵ʲôûʲô˵ġ
ӣ첻ʲô𣿡
ûػش𣺡ҸղŲ˵ֲŪñϴûȤ
Աߣ֦СЦ
Ŷ˵Ѷóɡ
ǡŴóһˣȫǻƳγεͭǮԼʮǧöģЦүģЩͨͭǦ⻹ģ롣ãֻҪү˾ˡ⣬ˮҲѾպãֹʮ̳þƣֻռ⣬ɫӡʲôģ׵ˡ
ڴϲӣԭѾ׼ˡ
ȴһ䣬֣
ڴ棺췢ҲôණôֲҪˡʲôѽ
ˡӽһţû˯ãȥˡ
Ҳڣֱˡ
Ūɶͷԣ˰죬֦ôˣӽ쿴ܲԾ
ŮЦӽǰ˭֣Ҳ̸үܲʲôġ˵еǣ˾ܲסУȨүûУʲô¶ûˡһʼͽ˵̫ߣ㲻þҪɽүϲԡ
ͻȻ׹պϵ˵ƷԼƷڷ֮ǰùˡ
СЩ˼
ЦùүǱضҪеģ¹һҽӴһ¡
ãȻ°סͷţüβסϲɫ
ճ緹ȴԺ֣кڽţ˵
Ժţʣʿǲס
᲻ǡһŮҲɫһ䡣
ʱһֱĶӳ˳ȵȥôֳ᲻Ͱĵġ
ԼƷľסˡ
ôͷˣɣںǾȣûʲôƷ˼
һ嵽ԺſڣӦʿүļңǡ˵ʧ
ſվһˣһķ˪ȴԵúܾ񣬴ԼǳҰܵˣƤڷ
ҲǴɥŭû±ϹզһЪȥˡ˵꣬תӡ
ڶȥһʿ磬ȴһٱ͵ӣмѣסźӣǺˡ
Ϊ⼸ʵڿ£һȺͯ׷Ź֣ټϽϵˣڵļſڶµøгһ
վԺſ´ڣζӣԵúǹŹ֡
Զһͨףв죬ǰȥʲôģ
Ҳڣ۾ˣʿ꣬˵κùһ컨ˣôŪģ
ͻȻһЦڣȻͳһҾ
ᶾߣһžǲκùһ컨ˣʱ仹˭
ȻæӷŵǽĵطЦŻһ񣺡ǰսӵƹţ˵Ѱ㡣ɢ˵ģϲˡǰǷƹһ飬ûˡ˵ֶ컨ʱ䵱һУ֪컨ǳΣк棬͹̡
Ǵҽʱ䣬ƹ֣ɫ䡣
һЦ֪Ҫأ붫鷿˵
ʱ˵ͷתͷ˵ͷҿЩ߶Ǿ綾֮뽫ֱۿɡ߶ȴ֫εҩ
ǡ˵أæԺŹˡ
鷿ʱҲϻֱ컨ġ
ڵ컨һִȾҩɾȡⲡԭ򡣲֮԰ȥڲ֢͸Ⱦֻò˵壬ӵֿ˿塣ϵǶˣȻͻȫؼڻ
˵ţż䣬컨ķԭͻһһͬʱ˵÷
л˲ִҽԺʱȻò̫ףϾǹּֻ΢һ˼еİʱϲԽҲϻֱϵֽϸϸؼ¼
ȻҲʵֶԤ˵ţ飬ţԭҲȫͬʱ˵ˡ
ҲΪһԽߣʱһ㹱װɡ
˵Ҳһֻ¡
ʱһ֣أ벻ӣȥ֮󣬵ԡ
һ̸Ҳ֪˶ʱ䣬ѵ硣˳츮ԺǱ߻ûϢͻȻЩˣѵҵƷĺľˡ
վ˵̫ҽȥԸ׼緹̸ȥȥϢ
Ѿ̫ҽˡʱһЦȻԼβϡ
ڸճţͿͨһԼǰʲôҲû˵ֻסؿͷ
ڣʲô
ǲ˵ֻԴĵ죬۾ͻȻˮӿ
һѽԵҽ̫ҽġ֦ĺˡ
ֿ죬ۣһ
һʽĺӿ޳Щϲޣޡ
ʱʱˣü˿鷿ԱߵһС¯ͻȻʣ˭ҩ
ԭΪȲ裬鷿Ա߶һС¯һˮ
ǡ֦ҩʱͽҩ֭װһϸɺš
ڿګګŵǰʱ򣬾һпġ˵֦Ҫ֮Ԫ
ʱ̾Ϣһ˲¹ƾǴ֮𣬿ЦҩҲʹһζνǻ֮ҩҲƩн𣬵ʱǽͷסˡò˶ãһƸɶȲˡ
̫ҽŮо𣿡
ô̫ҽͷ𣿡ʱ䲻죺Ѳ˽гɣҪ֪
˵ǹʱˣҲ̲סܹ̫ҽƾ
ʱЦŻ˻֣λأӼܽƢĵ˾ʮ꣬⡣
ӴϲʣҼҹأ
ʱ䣺Ʊٻһꡣ
ڹЦжԣ֦ɡ
áʱŮֵݹ˰ͻȻڻڼǲǷգԺѪǷȥģ
һ̫ҽô֪ģŮĲκ𣿡
ʱһЦС⣬ҪǲҩԵ̫ʧеߵͺˡ˵ŮȻɹȳƣҲνҲǸ֮ˣɸղλļӣֻⲡͲˡ
ЩΣȴΪϲ
ʱְοĺˣ꣬һСˡЦߵ֦ͨ졣
⿴ȥΪȻ˵ŮӲҪǲأü֮ϡЩСұζ
겡ֿһҩҪʱӺ½Ժ˼ҵһɲϲġ
һҶ磬˵½ˡ
һھͷޣ⹫ӣҼҶүˣһ档


204 в½ĵط
ڴ󾪣æʣô£
ǼҶֻǿޣҲ˵
ڶʱˣȵޣлú˵ûͷûôһ䣬Ҳס
һϺ󣬶ʱǼҶһ侲
ԺſôһͽӺҸŮˣˣʱҲˡ
ҶĨһᣬų˵ҼҶүԴ˼ҷ֮һֱûкȫԵڶԽؼʱ˿ھЩŧҲʼաȵٽ֮⼸ͻȻյԽظ˶վˣһɴͿʼ˵
ڣǸնѣôͲˣûУ˵ϸЩ
Ҷ̫ҽԺҩ˲ա̫ҽ˵ˣ˲ȥֻ¾ˡС˵ˡ
˵ҶЩ
ڳ˵ȥ
ҶŵС˵ˣ⸮үҲû˶⹫һѡΣ빫ӹȥүһۡ˵Ҷ˳
ʱԱߵʱͻȻʣ̫ҽµʲôҩзӣ
ҶһЩҩڷϿʲôСҲ֪
תʱһҾ
ʱڰ֣ʿ˵ҽ߸ĸġ㲻룬飬Ҳ֮žȥɡ
һ½Ӧ˿ڷĸգǺءʱڣӦܽȹ
£ҲϻһȥӹҺͶȥ½
û˵ǼҶȥͣС˴һ⹫ӸϽȥ
ʱ򣬶ӲŽһӣһҪӡ
ʱҲȰʿ꣬˵һˣ˳츮Էӣǹϵǰ̵Ĵ¡Ҫ£һȥˡ
ڰڰͷֿͬѵİΣʲôԣڼңûУҲǺް취ˣҲڣѲɻɣ
ʱ۾һ˿͵Ŀ⣺ȷʵˣʿ壬ȥɡ
ҲٷϻҲͬһȥڼǷϲ۹ӴʵҪֱ½ѰҾǡ
ǣүĺˡ
ɿس˳ȥƬ̣ʱͻȻʿԺаյӣνӴϲ֮˶ǰˡ
ڵһЦҲ˵һɴš
½½Ժ˰ţѾڴſڵţںʱ³ͽǽ˽ȥ
˵Ҳ֣½Ӳ½û˿Ʋӡ෴Ժﵽŵƽʣ˼ڰһûӡ
ǰĿյϰϯмҶѾ߶ŸɫӺȥȥæµ
ϯ仹Ų½ѧǣأ򻼵ûʧɦʲôı鶼С
ǰ۵λϣ½ΣһȻ
͢ĵضĵطһעӡȴϸһŵȭͷҧúܽ
һǰǸǳͷ֮ˣԴͬ½ֽ֮󣬺ηЩʲôһճϲڲΪ֪ĵط
ԣѧͬǹϵࡣ
ʱвѧӭҾЦʿ꣬Ҳˣϰ죬ǵˡ
ڲ֪Щ˾ʲôҲֻɻ󣺡ôô֣ʲô
û˻ش͢²֪ʲôʱҲ˹ʿ֣½ѧʿǾͲˡ˳츮Էӣ˵ˣвμӿԵʿǶҪϢүͶүҲ˾磬ˣþء
ֹԴӺ½֮󣬱ҹ⼸ѧҡҾһ˵̲ס˹
أʲô½ˣҲûʲôֵûϲġ
Щ
͢ȴǵȲѣȵϴҵĹҪ˵ˣǴүͶүðģȻλүż½Ҳûʲô󰭡
ܺãֹӿɱˣ½ӿĴӡͻȻˣһŽһߵڵأЦ˵һƺլԺ˼ңȴвΪ֪ıǰڻΪȻռˣٺ١ǣ½Ӿٶ಻ǣϾͬѧһÿҪˣǻ˼þƸ߻ᣬΪݣ
˵գҲ£ﳤլȥ
Ŷصͷֻ͢е棬ڣΪʲô˲𡣱Ϊüʫ;ԼǸƾٳϲż湦򣬵˾ˣ˵Щ١
ȴǲֻ½һȣƵм
ŶûȤεվ˰죬һګګˣôʲôʱģ
һŻشһ˵ҹʱӦöԪϲһͻ͵оٵʿͷȴǹˡ
һ˵˶ýĿЩ죬

˳츮Ժ֮С
ʵϣ½ѧ˵ûʵҹʱپѾȡеľ͵ٶԪˡ
һ죬ۺŷɿڹ˹滹һİԤʱʹá
λٰӦϼ½ǵλãֱලٺһ١
ලٺٵֻҪǼලͼ飬һפ˹Ժȫ̶졣ȻǼӣʵٵ쵼¹ʵϣƾƶȵʱѾ걸ҲûʲôɸɣҪǿӷʱһǷϳʽݣԵĽҲûκνȨͷȨ
ǰһλεĴ򣬸Լ٣ۣյ硣
ǰԶһСѱѡ͹
νǿڴ֮ҪֺסԺרŵ¼ɰⳭдһݽˡ
ѡȥľӣûʲô⣬ͻ滭һȦȻΡ
ȷ֮󣬻ýеľӵԭҳ˶ԣžһ֮󣬾ʽȡˡ
ԭΪīдֱ֮Ϊī
˳츮һǧ࿼οֻȡʮˣʮݾһһֽ꣬źãҲһҹʱ䡣
ʱ֣͸óˡ
ɵڣϻݣ֡
ѡľӣ½ǳķŭˣʹǰһŹܿٴ𣬶ͷ
ô¹ѡľӿв½ĵطܿҲη壬Цӭ½˿ҪȼյӣüĿʡ


205 ԭǳ̫
ͬ½طŵƽʲͬ½ԺȴһƬࡣ
ڻûطͿ·ߵĻﴫһСѰȥͿһһľ޵û鴤
㣬½ôˣͣ
ŷѾˣæ־ȥˮһԭڹˣүһ󣬺Ϳһģǲɵˡѵʱֻ߶£һ⹫ӵ֣οƾٷûСڹѾˣū澹ȥüһ档
ԵһȦȧǶˣ۾ݽ㲡
Ҳ˵ںʱ䳯ǰһߣͽԺӡ
սԺӣ½ĸ˻ߵĿ޺үүôˡ̫ҽ󲻳ɣҩҲաҪȥй
Ǵ½ķﴫġ
м½С½ˬĳҭ
ſڵϹСѾߺһСӣ˶ݲ԰ס
ͻȻ½үƽúͿȥʲôôǿ˼̫ҽԺĹ̫ҽǸүƲġ
Ҿǲ
½쿵Щʲô룬ˣҩʯѽֻˡҪԼȥһõǰȥտǸҪӣǻأ²Ǵ磬̫үϯֻ豨ϲһǹϵ½δĴ£鲻áˣû£ˡ
үү߰ط˼ɷ򲻹ܣĵؽ
ʱڵ½С㿩ЦЦǱǿʹ
Ц˼̵˶Ĥһۡ
ã½үŭЦʲô
ƫİֻзɲҪˣ½Ҳ⡣
½үһŭȣС治ТĶҽѵˡռ䣬̫ү㣬ΪҪ㳤Щԡ
ȻǡžһһǶ鵽½Сϡ
½С㻹Ц״ˣ֪ڵо˵Ϣ״ǿ϶и˵ˡǣҲ˿ѵͲҲ𣿡
½ЦСƽԺ֣½ҵˣе˲Ź֡½Ҳ彣̯ôһ۵Ķ½ҲٲһڳԵģһӺˡҲǸɾ۴
״˺úĳ½СҺްҺԼôôһ
½үСѵˣ궨Ȼ˳ȥһӶ
ˣŮҪлл״Ůຣˡ

Ů治ס죬ѹô׵ģԼӶҪˣ½ܲоˡС
ԱߵʱҲǲסҡͷ
طѾŮĻ׾ôסˣҲû
ˣˣСϣ½үȻҪ֡
Ȼ֮䣬½΢𣺡СãҪٳˣǡ
ѹˡط˾ϲؽг
½ˬҲһ硣
ôһ֣½үҲûȤһԼ֣æûͬ֡
űݺݵײˣھͿ½үس
ж½ҶүޱȱģҲȥ񣬾ôؿ
ʱ򾲾վһߣһ²ؼӡ
½Ҳû뵽ھ棬һ㣬ʣΪΣǰţҪϣʲô
չأҲ½ѧѧǷӣҲӦǰȺġ
ڵش˵ˣ˸й
½үһüܲؿʱһۣȥȥȥòšֽУҿɼöˣܹ½ҲһԵϧȴûֲͷӹҽ
ʱ촩أһ糾ۣ½үΪǸܽƭӡ
ʱҲָָڣĳʿཻĪ棬ǿӣ½ңҲǲġ
½үʱˣҲȥ
ڵŭˣүԼֲ½ҪһǮ
Ҫ
½ͻȻеڣн
Ҳ½үʱݡ
½үһתˡ
֮һʹһӳ׵ȥҰܡ
ڣ۾һỨڸ磬ˣΪҲˡ
⻰طһҿĺӰ˽½ˬĻ޳һš
ڹһЦ˵ʲôƨ㶼ûء˵ǰǻͷ𣿡
ʱ½ˬ͹طͲˣ໥һۣﶼǾϲ
ʱֹ֣£¼ĲβãҲûзӡ
˵ĲΣүҲ
𣬾ȾҶɣطæʱǰ½ˬҲŹȥ
æ˷СˣС㣬񣬱
վмؿһۡ
ʱҲϻѾֱӿʼ½ˣüͷһ֡
һأط˺½Сֿʼˡ
ڣΣ
ʱ½Ķͷе㷢գȴԼҩȡֿ˿ͷ̫ҽķӣҲûȥҲôҲܲ˶ãȻͻḴӲⲡεúã
ڣ̳ʲô
Ҳʲô˿ڻŧ˱ȻкȴƽԵ̫á
Ե̫óԳˣһ
ʱͷⲡӦƢϵ⣬ѾʮѡƢض磬磬ɢѪ࣬⡣ɢ֭֮СԻʳ֮֬ߡӲɢ࣬ƽֶʹ֮Ȼ²ɢ˷ðһǳ⡣
ڻȻⲻ򲡱ûκ֢״Ҳɲ˵ò֮£ⲡҲβϸҪƽﲻճȣö˶̰ԣҷ֮󣬲ͱˡ
һ룬Ȼжʱ
ʣĲˣָΣ
Ҳǹط˺½СĵģͿ˹
ʱ䣺ȿһӣóȸˣٸ룬Ԫվͺˡ
ط˺½Сϲл
ʱҲ飬ֽдΡġ֦֡Ƭ桢ö˸ʲݡ
ע֮룺ýѪжظˡ
˼ζҩءζӡŶ

ҩԼ˶ʮģȶ㽫ҩö˹ʱʱѾ½ϲ롣
½ǲĳѾȥͷ΢΢ȻѾʼˡ
ˣ½Ѿͬ˵
һ̫ҽ׹ǻˣһֶΰ
½һգԺ治ܳ𣿡
ʱͳԡˣˣӿɳˣ
ط˲⣺δף̫ҽΪʲôôʣ
ʱº͵˵ǿЩװɣûкʵ˼ң檡ȥⲡòãҪġ
һòã֢кһ
ӡ
طһ߳ˡ
һ㣬ȴ˼ģ
㾪ˡ
ι½ҩ£ʱֶ½Ӱ죬ڿʼأÿ춼Ҫʮ֮󣬾Ϳһۣ˼û¡
ڼ½ѾҲǴ󺧣˭˵ҽͲɿˣʱ˵áСʱǰ½ۼžҪȴܳܽˡƸղһͨģѾĵֿ
˵ˣõĲ򲡵Ĳ֢ѣֻҪȥָҲûôס
Ѱ˼½Сʱȥ½ʱͻȻһڵ
Ǵõλá
ѵоˣһ˾񣬾Ҫǡ
½ȥͻȻӴµأˣȥ
һΣͳȥ
Ͼڷգڴ˺üաղʱȻĽԪ࣬廹Ǻ
˫Ÿһأͺȵһ޻ϡʱ۾һڣͳϵȥ
طˡ½С㡢ͬʱУȥ
ۼֿ죬һѽסȵǿҪˣʵţȥʲô
ҡͷɣɣԹϵشҲܲȥ
ط˿޵㶼ˣȥʲô
½ҧȻˣûЦӺɷ£ôܹӱܡ
ĬĬص˵ͷӿȻ±çͣȴǸǿˡֻͻᷭĺˣеģԴġ
򡣡طۿʱ䡣
ʱȴȥߺðֲʲô˵Ĵ󲡣Ƿ˵ġ
£½Сһһҵط½ȥ
ɻ󣺾˭أ½͢»½ӣڡҡҿǳŽԪȥģԪϲһģûô硣


206 ζа
˳츮Ժá
ѡľӣ½ǳķŭˣʹǰһŹܿٴ𣬶ͷ
ô¹ѡľӿв½ĵطܿҲη壬Цӭ½˿ҪȼյӣüĿʡ
ܶ轫⡱ҧüأ½ڿ˽סûȷ֤ݣһ˵һϸع۲½ϵ顣
ȻͿ½ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ˡ
½Ǳܿ˵˼ʱЩ˵
𷿵ľ½˿ûʣȡ˸èͬҲǺ޹ϵղŲ鿴ֺŷľʱȴûһдĸһҪĹؽڣž½ĳҲû취ͷ
ʱͼۣҲ˲ʲôٵ棬һӣŭȵ⣬ʲô⣬ٻʲô⣿ܿٵñ˿ͷʱרѡЩŹֵľټЩϳˣҲ˵ʲôɵڶֳܴӣȴѡЩĪƨͨ¡ܴҲǽʿµĺûܿóɡ˵ǹ⣬˭ţѡ͵ľӣҿҲôȥѡ
½˵Ҫӷѡٶһ΢΢ɧΥƾƶȲ˵ѾǶԹܿٵĲΣǻĴ
˭ڹܿλãܵ裬᲻ݣҪ½ֻ
½Ҳ΢΢һüͷҪ˵
½ܻҪѡܿѾԿ϶׵ǷݾӶȻУж⡣
ҲɫһȰӦϼ˵һһʩʵ˾ӣһиֱ¹ٶƷҲǾúܡ½˵¹ѡľӲ⣬¹ٲ˶ᡣ
Ȼж԰ӦϼҲЩɣɰ˵һֱܺá֮󣬹ܶҲϸӦϼʮſĿʦ֮꣬Ҳ֮¡Ͼ˺εݣǲġһʿ
˵ܿһֱܾӦϼĵ£ǰΪģԼżһ˽׵СˣϽܲˡ
գҿ˵
Ӧϼһֱ֮ˣղֺŷľӱҲּݾòܴѡľϳˣҲûвʵĵط½һۣ½ҪоӴȥѡס
Ӧϼô˵ܶһɡ룺˹ȻǾӣֵҹܶ𾴡ǰɰˣС֮ĶȾ֮
½Ǽۣö԰˵ʲôֻܶԹܿٷŭʲôϳˣҿǹƨܴͨʲôͽʿɣ½ǿʿ˹£Ѳ㻹ǿˣ
⻰һ˵ڣ½ĿﻹаǫǫӣģͬоƤֻڷ·֮䣬ǳ׵˺
ܿһˣе½˵ѡľӹƨͨ˵ۻ軨ѡþãããյŰˡල١ٺ͸˵棬ĳ˵ҪôѡľǷ񵱵ƨͨ֡
˵껰ǰһѴ½нǵ˹ѡһţ֮ˮʣ飬ƅʷݣụ֮̃治֮ƪ
նȡܺϵ֮Բٷ֮ȱ
ʸλˣΣܿʣܲеþ˹
һԵеĵڶ⡶Ķ֮ࡷ
ͳⲿƵþɣеˣһһˡ
ٿɶʶˣȼģ۾һסһá
Сۣ£Ҫ˵о٣ýԪҲˮ˵ʲôԳˣǲС
ӦϼǰҲǶƪµģһ飬ɾô㣬̲ס΢Цصͷ
˵Ŀ佱ܿپ񣬽ͷľӷŵһߡֳһݣλһݣǡĶ֮ࡷ
ȡڻߣ֮ɱҲٶҺвţʣΩڰȣ㣬̻¡вߺڽģS֮ٲи裬̵ðĶҲѡ
ߣع֮ҲȶƴйΩ磬õף٣вѹߺڽٰܹ嵴֮Ʋޣ飬̵øĶڵҲѡ
˿˶ͬʱһͬغãҷҲƣһ־ʣ仯ˣ࣬ǰ˹ɴҵַˡ
ֺſζа


207 
ľѵñѡ𣿡ܿɫеľӣ½˵ѡľӹƨͨ¹΢ᣬ½Ҫѹˣܶȴǲͷйɽ½˸˵ѡľӲ𣿡
ٶͬʱ˵ͷҿžӾͺܺ½˷˵Ļʣ׵
ܿŪôһ½ּЦֵֺܿſ˲ŵĶడѡľҲƪƪǺ۹⡣
ܿٵ۹˵ϣ¹Ȼ޶ۣǽӻǻͭȴҲֱֺŷ˲żüãҲʦҫ
˵úã˵úã½ͻȻЦܴǣɣ
ܶû뵽½ǻḽԼʱһͻȻоһЩ룺ѵ˵ʲô
Ȼ½ǽŵȻܿٵֺŷ˲żüã϶©˲šٵģʥ⣬ҪΪѡ֮ˣʹҰŲšԣٽ飬Խղƪ£ͨͨˢѡƪ
⻰һ˵ڣֶС
½˴飬ҲǿƳһνʰţҲš
Щĵǣ©˲ţѸľٶڷֽ¨еԾԼưҹϸģͲ˺þӣټת飬ʱ¼ĿԸġ
šΪ˰ԼģģͬȻ֪࣬ԣһԶԶġ
ʵ˵ڹԺత˶ʮ죬Ͳͷˣֻһ㷢ؼ¡ְһͨҶ۵öᣬţǶһ١
Ҷ½Щ룺յɽԣǸȵƽ˶һ²ˣȥù͢ĥĹءǽڹϣǣӣ
˼½ǸȨ޷Χ֮ڣȴ˵Щʲô
ֻܽĿ䵽Ӧϼͼලϣܷܲ½˵Ķһ١
Ӧϼº͵˵ͬĽ̲ͬвֵͬõĿҲǲβ롣еķѧӶЩеķЩҲѡ;й̶ѡҲһ˶̾Ϣ֮¡ֻҲûоԹƽ¡Ҫ׷ĹǽĽ̲ĵطһ׵ˡ¤ƹƫƧʡݣҲÿˣٿҲʿӡҲʥ浱꽫ƾٷΪϱĳԡٿ֮£Ͳˡ
˵ùʣ˶ǲסͷ
ܶ԰Ӧϼľͳ羴ֶһ֣ǰĻȻɢۼ
½ǼڿٶԸ鷳һһ⡣ģͷϾ߳һϸ
ǰһϢ½˳츮֮󣬽Ҫȥȥһʵȱ½ĳ˵νһһɳĴûǣ¶ã˵½ûаͷĴѵﵽ
ʱ򲻵ǸٶֻβܣٽǷеĵֱܵӲءûͷӦϵһָܽˡ
޷Ҳ
ɰӦϼֻǸҪ飬½Ҳûа취
½ǵ׵ʧȥѪɫ
żУ½ͻȻԹǸվϵĹԱжڵƹ
ȥȴһٳ̵֬ӣһ˿ڹϣ䡣
ǡǦʰ½һݣʶڻûɽˮĵز
ǴǦʰ˵ʮһ֧ол˽ۡǰһӣүͻȻ촦˼֧áõʱҲ׽֮ˡ
½ǽ֮һҪ֧
ʱ½˶Ҳϡһ֮£ⶫǲЯдǳ첻˵ֲĥīϴô鷳
ҲһʹˣϡһǵװƷҲҫ˼
ԹٵҲһ֧Ǧʣ½ϲͬʱҲǴ󺧣ʮſͨˣ½һڿղ˵ͷⰲֱݻ־־塣
£½ʵˣ⻰˵òԣһ£ٿǳбҪ
ŶӦϼЩˡ
½Щ°ӦϼһƪۣˣҪѲɣüԹٴˡ
Ӧϼûа취ⲻһ£
תʼԹ٣ƾλ˾ϰɡ
˻࿴һۣվϵĿȴһЦ𣬶¡½ҲһƬģҿɡ
һԹٺҲͬʱͷԡ


208 ˢȥ
Թ˵ĻٶЩ⡣
ʵϣԹϿԼලɴֻǸ裬ԿָֻţһٵΪ׼
򣬼Թٺñ˿Цúõһƾٱ־硣˭Ҳ
ԣԱе˴Ƥͼ£ֻ
벻ȴͬʱ˰Ӧϼ޳½ŵ顣
ôҶЩŪˡ
ӦϼҲһ죬΢΢졣Ǹкˣ͢ƶȰԹȷʵȨޣֻεͬˣȻϴô˵Ҳֻˡ
½ǵ֣ĴָʳָԼ촽ϵһƲ룬˹ܿһۣԹٵǱҲܷԣֺŵľӶáȫȥš
ܿٶʱˣŭֺſľӺûйۣղŴѾѡľˣ˵ˢȥ𣿾ҪˢҲֻˢġ
һ仰ȴڿ΢΢Щջһʮ˳츮ֻȡʮˡֵÿҲĵˣơȡеԺԼ˹ٳҲı˳Ϣˣڸ󸨳⽮λϣй⣬Ҳôá
ˣѡӵʱ򣬷ʦǶǻЩģؽֿƺǰ;ľӾϸѡһȴϺŪЩ۵ȥ
һԣȻãȴҲܱ֤ƾٵĹƽԡ
Ҫţûٹˡ
иأʦٹ֣ѡȡҲʡ
½ľǴֺſ֣ҲϵܿһζͬԼӲһܶ裬ȻԹѾˣַ⡣
ԡڿҲǵͷҪţҶˣƾʲôַӦ⡣
پǲܿ˺
ӦϼŻһаɡճҪţɱʮݾӣʮӱ̭ľѰλ˿
ûһġܿٺݺݱͣ˵ˡ
ӦϼֵʮݾӷֵʮһݾʮˣˡȻַ˲żüãֻˢһȥɣ಻㲿ָץΡַľʵڳɫһҶǿģλ˿
ұҲԸ⣬룬ַղʶݾʵڳɫһȴòֻͬˡ
½ֻн˼ǺŵǷݾҳͿˣȻ޿޲ɡ
ڹܿ٣Ȼ˶ô˵ˣҲڷԡ룺ʣ»ٶžӣ˵ÿһžӶվǷӣҾͲ½˻۽ܽ˵ľʱĲٺ٣¹ⲻҪһݵˡ
ʮſڲɫٲó˹ģдľδؾͲá
ܿͻȻЩˡ
ȻôˣץΡܿ죬ͶҪˢȥֽҪ̭ľӴӿӵһߡ
ܿٵַž˵ʵڻдòҪһݣԸ
ãŴгһݳͻȻЩ̭Ŀѹңеġϧ½ƫƫҪţֻίˡʮ꺮ȴ䵽ôһ֡
ЩˣԼҹʱΡڿҲܲ˳ھһؿϱʮꡣһº˳˴ͽʿ
ѵҲҪһ㣬ʮ
ܿٵݹľӣӦϼһĿȴ£ѡ
ܴ˳Ծصɴ۾
һ仰žӵ˶ԣ֮˵Ϊ仰˲ͬ
ˡһȴҪõ
ʱҲҲ
ܿ̾Ϣһǣ¹ȥѡһš
ʵϣҲûʲôѡġǰеžţֻʣˡ
Уһ˽
ãղеӵٿӦϼȴͻȻ˵һʯ쾪Ļ
ӣַǸùҪжѡһˡ
ܿپ
ĿҲͬʱô
žӿλһʱҲֲߵ͡û⣬ڵĽԪ͵ڶв
ľֻһݶٵҫȻһţǴҡ
ľӣȴҪˢһȥǺε
ˣӡôˢȥܿЩڳԡ
Ӧϼȴ͵ص𼱣ȰѾӸĥĥе


209 ˮʯ벻
ܿٻЩŪףֻýղԼʶݾӵݸӦϼ׳ŵʣǷݾˢһȥѲдòõĵط
Ӧϼӹӣ˿¶ζЦݣܴˣֺŷĿʲôˣɶ
ܿ٣ֺŷһٶˣǾеʿӣлвԹҵӵܣܶ࿼ͬһԺѧ
ţô̹ܴˣĸԺĿΪɫӦϼϵЦݸŨ
ܿһ˼شˣ½ѧΪɫϾ½ѧʦʱѧڣвмֻͽԺˡʦͽ˳ϲҡĲۣ½ҳ½˵ʮʱݴǼŰ׹֮һš½δŮ͢£ڹҲһָʿˣ¹ǰһÿڵһʫһʣǾΪˣҲǳ½ѧ
ǰҲͬʱͷ̾ǰգںʫѾڹԺ˶̾
˵½ѧ˶߲֮ʿѹԵһԪʱǰˡڣͷԪ
ôӦϼʹܴˣžӻ᲻ǳ½ѧԱ֮أӦϼʡ
û֮ǰ¹ҲҲ¡žѾ½ӵܿѾԿ϶һˣʵϣڶľʱͬ½Ƕźѡ˼žӹȥ
ʵƾĶۣѡ½ӵδûкóɼ
˿ڶѡӵʱЩˡ
һ뵽㣬ܿЩ
ţҲôΪġӦϼ˵ҲûΣ²кηܴˣ˵žӻģ
ܿ룬֣صֻڡ½͢е
ûҲΪġӦϼ׿һ׮ۣݾһдã
˵˿һۣ˵Һ½ְ𣬲Ҳ޷ƾһҪͷԪôҶķźá
ȻѾô˵ˣ˿ҲС
½ǣҲġֻһ㽫йؽڵľҳоУڵòͷҲνԱտڲԡ
ܿ죬˶һ
иʮͷ԰׵ϿվžӶüڲοƾһݾӶ׵õһžӶǡĶ֮ࡷУһԡ֮ˮʣ飬ƅʷݣụ֮̃治֮ƪġԵ飬ڵ⣬׸һ֣١֡۽ѱȡһۡ֡
ڵڶƪԡȡڻߣ֮ɱҲٶҺвţʣΩڰȣ㣬̻¡вߺڽģS֮ٲи裬̵ðĶҲѡģ򲻾ڡ࡯֣հ绪ֲԣ֮ʣ⾽֮˼ˣһ޼ɵķӡ
ƪ£һųۣһԼɣӳɻԣѵðѵáϿҲ¸֮ˣҲ˵ʱЩˡ
Ӧϼѣˣƪѷֲ٣ɵͷг־ӣٵӦø˲ǣôֻһƪһƪȴ˹Ҳòд
ǰ˶ò⣬ʱ
ʲô֣춼ˣûǲ𣿡½ǻô΢ƽЩ
˵Ŀжɻ
ţ˵ͶһƪΪԪɣһƪֱˢӦϼ˵ղ˵öԣƪȷʵѷָ¡ɵڶƪȴûᣬһԽ̭ˡ
ɼֱͲɣİ˹ĿȷʵдϰߣȴӲԹ涨֮Ҫ½βдᣬҲһ˵Լ´⡣Ҳʮʮģ㲻дβͣҲûʲôסиɾζƫƫҪӸᣬ㣬Ӱµϡ
£˶һƬ󻩡
ˣддᣬ̭һ־ӵɣֻ²ܷڡ
λ԰֮꣬ԲѡڶƪûдľӣҰӦϼΪ˹Ű壬õı̭֮ͨݾӣΪڶݾ÷޼ɡ˵ŻӦϼһƪڳϣ˹
˵һʯ쾪ĻҿԿƪ£ǲǷǳͬƪǱĴʡԺʱȡͷףڣҲǱٵû´ݼ̭ľҲ
е˶ֱۣ޷
û뵽ʮſھȻͰӦϼʦϵ
ʲô½͵سȥǷݾӿ
ʮҲͬʱΧȥֻƬ̣ͬʱͷһַ񡣡
ӦϼӳƪĴʡԺʿԿġԭĩǮǫ档
ǮƷ⣬һдüáǸʿʫʻ£ǲʮ㡣
͸ղڶӣһ
˶º֣ο
ңƪҲûдġ
ڶƪϵļƪ˹Ҳͬûдᡣ
ûдϰߣ˵º˻һϲףԸ⽫˵ˡ
˵ܹϳԼ£ӦõͷǣôҪˢȥˡ
½ҲһͷһҪ쭡תһ룺ԣԣôܾʲôطԾûؽڰֲɵӣù͵ôܲȡУ˷ǲľ飬Ӧϼɵôܹ̭Լô£֮Ծȥֺŷ飬ܲҵǷйؽڵľӡûҲ£ѾõһԪʱ򣬱ٴð֮踣оӣҳǡֻ취̫󣬲򲻵ѣá
½̲
ٶ
ӦϼͻȻһЦ˵ʵڻò磬ǵΪһҵҲ˵ʲô
ȷʵˡ˶ǵ㣬ʣȻѾϳڵľӣΪ˱ӣŹˢȥˣδЩ࣬ΪΪֱֻסһֺ֪ξ˳츮ԣΪšʵ˭úãֲ˭ǰ˵
˶ͷȰ⡣
ӦϼͻȻЦ֮ԲȡڣʵҲе˽ĵġ
⻰ôЩˡ
ӦϼڽŶû´ʮ߳ͷʮɡݰӦϼ֪ҲǽſʼμӿƾٵģһԵԣԺԿڵһõͷԪν־񣬶δҲûκκôʵ˵ѧٻǺܿصġԴӵĲžߣ뺲ֵʡ
ڽŵһβμӿƾ٣ùСԪе㺲ֵˮ׼ٶզ಻ѡ
Ӧϼŵ۴ӵĲͬŽ굹мַ·𡣵꣬ŽʮμͯԣҲһСԪеġڲμӺԵʱȻüãȴĶʦѲ˭UϳˡѲ֪ԼǸţǣСС;˳ؿˣӦøһۣһЩĥԾ͹տٹⲻ¼ȡ
Žž½ڸ󸨳žʿеһ䡣
ƽ˵һЩۣһЩĥ˳ɲкôġŸԺԺ󣬻عʱǸжµģҲܱѲչĺˣûһ˿Թޡʵھһвˡ
һЦʱţ֮ڱȻõһԴˣӦϼӲɡݾӣپͶרˢȥˡ
һץǷݾӣֱӽ˷ֽ¨
֮ѻȸ
ܿһȣ¡
ߵӦϼǰһҾأ߷磬ֱѩ񡣿Цܶǰɴ˽׵ɣ¹پ
Ӧϼһѽ̾ϢһֻԸҵһݿģҪԹǡ
ܿʵ˸߷࣬պ֪飬ֻ֮имԹޡ
˰죬̭һݾӣѾʼ
춼磬ʱѾîʱԼǺʱӵӡ
͵ŻڣҪܶ๤
£Ӧϼ½Ҳٵ飬ڸٵĴ£ȥЩǰ̭ľӡ
ڿǶԼ̭ȥľһЩȥľӳˡ
½һѾɵֺſľҲ⣬ҵصһݾ¡
ǰӦϼЩ棬ƼľӶֶʱȥ漴鼸ų顣
ˣٶȴѾȥ
ò׵ȵֺţ½ǵѾˣԱЪЪñɡ
һ˵һ߾ǶѾϸ
ӦϼҲ۵òɣ½רעҲˣһϢ
½ҲǼ룬ղڴϷһĻȻΪȻлЩġ
˰죬󼸷ݾпһƪµⲿĸһִͷ
һɣһˡˣǲ
ֶһǷݾϵ£½ǲüͷʵǡʵǲôѹҪˢȥǰӦϼǰѧžڶšٿҲô¡⼸ƪ£дõҲͨ˳ʲôëҲͣͨ˳ĳ̶ȣʲô⡢ĲʲôģһҲޡʵ˵־ڿҲǴ·ȡҲУȡҲԡ벻Уֻڷʦһ֮䡣أвҲգǸ׳ҲãУ˭˼ұĿɽأ
ʵ˵žӸӦϼĿʱ½ǻǷǳŵģ±˸˻ȥȾ΢΢
ڰӦϼҲˣԼһžӣҲѰһ±ǿƳϵĶ䣬εҪؼҪÿǿס޳ʹȻĵƳпᰡе汾£ȴûҲеģеڤڤ֧ţ˼飬о٣Ƴйɡ
ȻŻѾתˡ
һڣѾ硣
˲óԷڿٿʼĻڡ
оٵľӰ˳ˮһˣȷΡ
ھϻԲȦǡȱ־ǺšУȦľӾͷԪ
⣬ǰܿеľµһݵԲȦ࣬˵һ
ڶú棬Ȼֺŷŵš
ʵ˵žʵ̫ͨˣܹоҲո㣬ξȻ˵ڶ˵۾
У½ǻЩ˼ġ
תȻתǸ١
ĸһͷľʱӦϼת½
½ҲֱĸȦתһ٣ֺݺݵض˼һۡ
ǿټȻôȦȻٲɣ½˵ӻǲܲҲʻ˸ȦҲ˸Ȧ˼һ¡ֵ漸ʱѾвٺȦ
ʱ񣬽·ȥ飬ҲôЩԺĵ˶ӺãԵѧ΢ˣڰɡ
ǣݾһƥһ·ɱڶ
ʵڻʱ䣬Թ緹æµһʱԲԲˡ
ֵõīַ⵱òУһ£ûʲôʱһһֽ䡢дãٳĺ󣬴˽ֽȸڰֽ˶ϣдúֽÿ˰ŷд¼ľ֪ͨӣӾȥѰſסϲȥˡ
¼ıӴһʼ
۴
Ұʮɽشѣ־ӱᲱͬԣ¡ջ

˳츮ξʮҰʮ˳Сرѧɣ־˳ջ

˳츮ξʮҰʮͨݿǮش־Ӷˮͬļҡ

֮Ƕû뿪סڿջݼеſˣ뿼֮ǰǼַ㹱Ժ۱ϲ
˵ȥͱӿһν˷ϲ¾ˬоٵľǶǳ󷽵ذǮٵһǮһӡΪ˼ͭǮɳһ󴮣ȡ⸻»಻
ȻҲһëε
ʱ۾ͻٿӣȻ˵һŪˡתߣ׽Ū
ȵǸүʵʵͳǮŽϲȥЦϲүˡ
ȻǽԴϲ
ÿԣȻҪڿһ£ջȴҲӯ
ֻΪʲôÿһ죬ÿΪʲôȡǧ
о˵ĶǾܵ˼ӣĳɣԽоٵԽǴܶ˶ǳʿʿ
˳츮ξʮҰʮ󶼶½ѧ߿˽־󶼶
ֵֺŵĿˣλ͡
ܿٵ˰죬һĵҲˡַľӶǳҲҫ
һֺŵĿ
ֺѡžӣѾһſ϶õһҲ֪Ρ
Ҳ֪˶ãһ˳츮ξʮҰʮ󶼶½ѧ͢£־󶼶
ʮˣַʣžӡֺŽƻǴͷˡǶǳԾ
ܿе⣬̲ס΢Ц
űӲϱͳȥžӶֺŵġ
ˣֺŷͷܿ˷ܵˡ
˳츮ξʮҰڶ󶼶½ѧ½־󶼶
½˭Ҷһã˵˶ѧٵģԾǵʿҲǷǳϤġܵõڶӦǸ˲õǰôû˵أ
ɻ£˿˿īһЦⲻֺŷʱѡžʵѿôĪص˵ڶ
ӱ¶ֵһ˲䣬½һòҰףǰһڣȻϡ亹ȪˮһӶͷͱôܣôܣӲӦڵѵǰӦϼӵǷݾ
ʲô½Ǵʲôط֪ĸһؽڵģ
ôŪ
ģͷȴԼˮ
ֻʣһžˡ
ǱҰĽԪ
½֣ӦϼҲЩԾȵȣⲻǰֺŷѡžºͨô͵˵ڶôתģ
ڿҲһЦˣ⡭µˣ벻˵ڶ
ҵҲһȦ벻ȴŪ
ҲεذͷЦˣԱõö㣬Ų˵˸ΡҲգȻôˣʹϲȥɡ
Ҽû˵ʲôһ룺סһҲǿƾٳϺʿеһŻҲȤ
ʣµľֻʣһŽԪˡ
īװھû⡣
Ӧϼ̾ϢһµĿԣˮʯ½ҳ½ɷǣҲǹԲ
ɷǹŴϷһרʣ˼һϷβĸ߳֡
пٴȤˣûǰ˭Ҳ֪˭дģô͸ҿ϶½
ӦϼֺдµģָҲóڣֻʣ½ڵľӣѾˢȥˣ½˭½ˣ½ˣôˡ
תͷȥȴ½۾ˣصţһ
½ǣôûͷһԪڵ֣Уš
ڲˣãѾ˵ˣǲȡڵġ⡣
ǡһȵòͷī𿪣˳츮ξʮҰͷԪ󶼶½ѧڣ
½ǸЦ
ôӦϼһ
αӣܿٳǰȥޣһһĭµӦϼǰ
Ȼת󲽳ȥ
֮ڶ


210 ֻʣ
󶼶½
÷һ֮
£½Сһһҵط½ȥ
ɻ󣺾˭أ½͢»½ӣڡҡҿǳŽԪȥģԪϲһģûô硣
ΪլʱҲط˸ǣڵȥ
֮У½½ˬ½СҲһ϶ǽӡľȴͬʱŮǰ磬ӵҲߵÿ졣
Ƭ̾լĿյϣͿһʮμ˱Ե쳤ӳŷȥͶʳ
ǣ½ҵūͺҲͬƣĿͶŷ
ڿףղ½ѧԱǣ½үˡ
үһ죬Ҳͬʱվһ֣أȻԴ˴ԿüҪ
Ƕү½ߵ½һ񵭵ûԵôݡ
СӲΪԼ϶ܿһΰɡôΪҲˣҪ˸ƧĽ¡
ɿ˿ûҵ
½ү߻пλȴԸȥ
Ҳ֪˶ٱڣŴıΪҩԵʣȼյöլûͣڴŹһ£ٷʮ죬½׼õǳ֡
ȫǺɫֽм裬̵ζѬ˲סԣ۶ɫҲɢ
ɷôôʱ̣ûϲ
̻ϵڽˣͬʱͣ֡
еҲʶЩã۾ﶼɻ
Сֹôûϲⶼʲôʱˡ
ԭԵĹأԵ賿ʱҪŶϡһͱӵĹͻ͡һҪʱʱҪȫ
ˣʱûӵϲ˵ˡ
ǵȻ֪Ժ﷢飬žͺȥһҹʱ䡣
½ʲôطڹԺšϢˮһ㴫ظУҲ֪ϲһֱûͳεԷʱȴ˺ܳʱ䡣
ԣƶ롣
ʱѾ磬㹱Ժٵ飬Ҳóˡ
һҶ˾
ȴ룬ãȴûϢ
ɻ䣬һ˴Ӳų֣ŪŪˣǸеĹˡ
⻰еԱǶһʧȥ
һӰˡ
ô£½үʡ
żضүĻղȥԺϢ˻ˣûžͺˣˡſڵūһʱûףΪѧˣȼһڣȻڽҲŷţ͡
ֳһ
½СͻȻЦ
½үſŮͶҲˣһҲǣ˺ȵһͿūţȥʮӡ
˹ڵϣֿһͷүԺȴǳˣʼͱӣ˵һеǷɽشһšȥϢ˻ر˵úܣסһŷǮǿջϰġ
û˵꣬ͱǵûˣڳˡ
ƵҰÿ٣ҶΪԼˣлġ
ţȵʮϲ꣬Ƶʱɣ
ڷŰˡ½үһ֣ʮҼ£ȥɡ
Ǹˣϵؿ½һۣȵСȻˣǰһϢҪӣԭװġװȥˡ˾ˣĽ˰ɡ
Ӱͷ˵½үСվʲôֳߡտֳĺӣҲ㿴ʲôж˵ҫ֪ƷΩжߵĵ
½С½һѣ磬ǾǱȥˣʲôʲôӣƾٳϣ˭Ҳҿ϶ܱУ㣬Ҳлᡣ
ô˵棬½үҲ㷢ֻüͷ
ûа취ڵֻ½үŴԲǰ
һˣ½ү½ʹôˡ
½ɫ԰ףеʣӿɺЩˡ
û½ӻػүһʱСʲô˲źá˴죬ҶǸмϯɡ
½һؿȵֱ
½үֶӲ֮أѹһֽ˹ȥֻ̾Ϣһ
ܿ죬ȷˮһ
ѧһԱܶ඼ûг緹úˣӶӣá
һ˶Ǹ˼˼Է
ʱԵôݣʱʱһӲƷһ䣬˵ʲôҩǷ֮
ߵĴʱȤͬС̸һʱҲͶ
ʱ½⣬ʱǸηȨڹ˵ˣҲ÷ˣԹ˵ͣ
˶ûжӣĬ
һٷԵΡ
ڣֹ˴ԼʮӵӡͻȻ䣬һ˳ߺߺźӣˣ
£һʱûлع
ŷʣʲôӣ
˴˽ųһҾүλǣԺϲĹˡСĿģ˳츮ĹôһȺźɫӣֱǸˡ
棡½ү͵վ
ʱŴ󿪣м˽Ϊһֳһ֣ʵ󶼶½һи߿˽ģ
½ֱ廨ص
߿˽߿˽ڲڣûѽЩͷ½ʲôطҲɲһ΢Цǳǫӡ
ңҡͻȻ䣬һ͵վ½ѧĸ߿˽
վЩײϣһ̶˵ϣŪһˮ
Ǹ߿˽ôôˡ߿˽Ȼ
Цϲүн˳츮ҰҰʮϲ˰ɡ˵Žϲһֳ½үһʩ񣺡ˣС˸ˡ
ӴȻˣˣ߿˽۾һͻȻһͷڵϣȫǰĭ
£ȥֺУǳȷ磬˳ˮ
Ǹ߿˽ȴʼսҧѲ
½ڿˣʮ½үһӣЦȱߣҳյ˵ˣͣ
һȺ½ҵ˷ɿӿҪϯ
̧ڴ𣬽ҿĺ첼ȫǻƲӲӵͭǮ
ѣԳһھƣָڲϹ˳Ǯȥ
ôһ֣߿˽ѹˡ
ȴǱҲ֪ĸļһ̫촽ŪˡѪסµΣ޺ˡ
߿˽֮һţˣﰡûйǵӲТЩΪ˶飬ܿˣ
½ү˵üëˣ˽񼤵ȥЪšúúãŵʮҼҾһ϶в١Ϊ˽һ
һΪ߿˽أƺȵ˵ζȴͬ
˵߿˽ƽҲһ۵ѧҵ̫ãҲͨҵùѪͷǰҿɲΪеġ
û뵽һβμӿƾ٣Ȼô˳
ɼƾٳϣȻ鶼пֻܷҪ㹻á
ң߿˽ǰҲС˼ҡΪ˹飬լӺ͵ضˣһʮˣƷǹԲҲĸһӵ͡
Ǹ˵ļһУҲԵġжͬʱһͷ
ⷹҲ첻ζ
ɵ˰죬ȴûϲš
ۼ̫ƫȥϵĲȶѾ͸
ڴԼһ£ӦǺʱĵ֮䣬ѾСʱˡ
ڿӣɹźʵۣӡ
½СסȥĶͷ
½үЩס˴֣ôû
½үҲǷˣȵãû˼úܡ֪ط˯һڹҲ١
һ½㡭𣿡
½½ߣȻֵܣɴͷβû˵һ仰½ӲסؿԣȴػӶӣһƽ
󲮸½ŵ𼱣ϲһ㶼Ǵβͷ͵ģԽ͵ó٣ԽߡСֶввҪȴҲû縡һĹ½ҵʦѧͬǲҲգһбиΣ˲õҼҵݡ£иϲҲ˵һ
𣿡½үתͷѯʵĿ⿴Ŵ
ͬʱ̸ڵҲˡ
ʱ
һȺ˽ʣ½ϲ
£е˶һ֣أ½ҲüëһǵˣϸӦõǰʮˡӦҰɣ
½үͬʱվʣ˭ˣ
λүĻ͢ү˳츮ξʮҰʮ
͢ҲˣǵʮøߵΣ˶ɫʶ
ҲЩ⣬벻͢ҲˡһƷȻɻмֲѧġҲпܣȴ뿼ôá
ףղ½ԼֵʱɫȻЩʧ䣬һ˿ʡ
͢£͢£Ȼˣúúã½үЦһתͷȴ͢¶һΪ֪Ľ䡣
вЩ֣͢£ʲôϷԡүһοԼδĳоˣҲĹʡ
ǣүУ͢ηηǰ֣͢¼үү
˵Ҳ֣ȴûао֮Ŀϲ
½ɫѿֻ΢΢˵ͷ
½үȴЦԶү˵ܣ˵ʵڻ״ѡ͢ŮʱΪֻЩԸ⡣͢˹ʿ˳ŵڲߡȴ͢һ˾ˡСС;˹δȴ֪ʲô⾰״˵۹⣬ӵ
Աߵ½ˬһߣȥ
½үҲͷϲתͷһȴûпλ
ֿ½ǸӣСʲôһȥλø͢óΪҪ͢˵ʲôǿƾٷӣͬкɣ
½ɫһ󱯰Ҳ˵վ
½Сȴһѽסߣ½ҵλ
½үдɷ
͢¼Ʋ֣үǱúúõģ͡ͲˡöС㣬㻹ү
½Сŭһӳ͢ȥҪ£ôطͲģǵҪйĴүϯҲöвǲǣ
½˶סˣǮĹҲһ㡣
ȴǰͷǿԡ
ڰһ⣬ôȥֻ½СҪܼҷˡ½ҵļҷɲǸǵģһȥƤСξܵס
վ˹֣үүλ
ߵһߣ˸λ¡
СҲһվҲ˵꾶ֱߵߣһۣҪ£һ
Ͷ˵رһƣͷ
һЦҲһ롣
Ҳȥɣ½̾ϢһҲվߵߡ
ʱҲ̾Ϣһ˹һ߷УȻ˼ͬһ𡣡
£½ү߿һƬޱΡ
ֱûڲ
죬Ƶȥ
ˣһӾͿ
͢ɷǳηҪ½үߡ
½ȴһֻλõסˡ
͢ûа취ֻƹ½ߵԱߡ
½ȴһֻؿһۡ
£͢һ˰ɫһҵһλֻƨɷڵϣսս
͢ºܺ½ӣǸɷ򡣡½ˬЦһ
ͻȻɳƵһЦԼ£ȻҪ۸ˡ
ô£˵˵
½ųؽ뿼ʱκ͢½֮ì˵
꣬СЦҧһëµҲȤˣ챾Сǳ⣬ڣ˵Ҳ֪ҪȶãȨǸǲ
ڣ˰ɡ
ǷҺܶӰɣ
ûа취룬ö˽컹ǱܴҲáˣ˵ǿĿġǣ˵һҽҶʿĹ¡
һ˵ʱҲԣ̲ס޵Ҷ෨Ӻ˼ղ˵ôи˵򣬻þƷδòֹǷ˼
½ˬҲǵһ˵ҽĹ£һʱ
ʱһһţղ͢оԵĵʮ
ʣʮһıûͳҲһСʱ顣
תѾ㣬ͷбԺĹҲ
һһΣһһ飬Ҷһˣе˶һƣͺͲͷ
ʵҲ֪ԾңȻʮһ˳츮ôӣδؾֵԼͷϡ
ֻʣһϣҲܷ
Ϣ
ʮˣǲƽһӵˡ

ˣϡ

ˡǸġ

ֻʣˡŶһɥ֪һԼѡˡ
½ҵүûߣҲ뿪
жǰѵ½ѧֻ½Ҳɽ
̫ѿʼɽ½סشŶ¡
ʱ俴һۣӵĶͷͷ˿ֿʼûݳҩˡ
ӵ˵ͷѵվڸ磬Сãһݰɡ
ʱҲһƣʿ꼸Ĺ£ȴѾˣҲҪˡ
ȴֽӺʱٵȵȣϲ͸óˡδûҺͳ
СһЦղ˵У˵ӲñСǡʵúܣûϷġ㡭ΣٴҲûκ˼


211 ˼
Сɫˡ
˾Ź֣ûûΣڸ½ĳ谮޼ɣɲǸҲ֪е֮Ϊүүڡ
үүһձһ⣬Ҳͦ˼졣һߣԵͶõ̬ȣӿ֪
ǰ֮ǿһǲڱǰˣǻ½õײƵˡ
ʱһȥֻʣ
˵Եĺʮпܱɣ߿һɷءȵǰʮ͵ÿ汾˵ûһ˵
رһŶǰʱ򣬿ٸ֮ľӾ飬ڸϾǰľӹϵǳ͢˳츮Ϳٵ棬϶á
½ʵˮƽôܽǰʮǰ
˿Ϊֹ˵еѾɱˡ
½ˬֻңֻһ뿪
ô˵ȴЦЦôûϷˣҾкܴܽ͸ֵҺͳˡ
֮ҲһʹӣǷڿ˹ؽڡȻ⵱ʱʵúޣӻشҲ϶˵Ѿˣһݾӡ
Իƽڳ͢һȨƣѾźֽӦϾ˼˾ӡ̫࣬Ȩ͢ÿûͷû취ͨң̫ǲǸֻʽ̣ʿҲ˼ּɵ
Ϊֺû̫࣬ٿ϶ὫžӶΣǵһǵڶÿݸĹԱһˣ˻࣬Ҳͷˡ
½Ӧûģڣһļƪ˹ʱҲЩ˼Ķ״Ԫġһƪ¿ٿۻпܣƫƫһ״Ԫģ۵Ŀ΢΢
ˣҲûʲôɵġ
ֻ棬Լ֣˭ýԪ˭õڶ
Լƶõһ򣬿ǵĳҲ̫ѿˡ
ЦžӣһѾ͸˵ĵϴ˴ȴûθڣЦŶ½ˬС㣬ҪǴģ͸ǳϲˣӽƾõڶ
һ˵˳˿ڣڲС˺ԡ
ʲôöĵģ˼𣿡½ˬɫ
½ӣҲ¶ʱΣÿջڶϵĹΪ߲ݶ۵ѪʱΡˣǮҡɫӣҪѵʱȴˡôûˣˣ
Цһҿɲ£νԹ壬ʱŬڿɶǿ۾ġڣ첻вˣүҲ̫ٵˡǰ˵ˣúýҪģôھûˣˣǾͶһѣӡ
Щôһ½԰׵¶һ˿ĺҲŭˣݺݵؿڣģҸģʲô㡣ҽ컹Ͳˣ˭ҡ
½Сڶ񶾵ĻҲûͬˣڣҪʲô
ڣͬһӣ㣬Ժͱҵĸˣʵܲ˰ǮʱҪģʵ˵СǰǸ߸ħѾЩˡ
ãˡͬʱͷ

ߣڲסع½ˬá
Ǳߣ½ҴүͶүȴʼ
ر½үԼ½мҲкǿġǰԶӵĲѧоӦòѡȻ˳츮˲żüãƽǰʮЩѣǰʮ϶֡
ǣһ죬ڻûϲ
һͲòƾٳʵ̫࣬Ͳ֪ʱᷢʲôеʱ㲻㡣
ڻʣ
½һǣ½үܣõĵġѧھ֮ҲŵϺŵģ׻˵²æϣԽǿ˵ԵԽáΪֿһźã˵ͷԪˣȴ½ҵĹʡа͢¶˵ʮĲѧù͢£ǰڻ¡
͢»æֺõؿ½һۣĲѧȻǺùСֶģҿȻнԪ
½ؿһۣɫƶȻ½־ڱصãڶҿƲءôǰԳҵֶΡ
Ҳǿҵõһ
Ϊʵʹ͢Сˣ½Ҳǫ˺͢µɫҲǷǳ
½ү˵˿϶һȻˣΪͷˡֶƱһڡ
½𿼳£رƪĶ֮ࡷиǵ⣬̲סָڴµٴó


212 ϲѶ
ȡڻߣ֮ɱҲٶҺвţʣΩڰȣ㣬̻¡вߺڽģS֮ٲи裬̵ðĶҲѡ
ʵ̫ˣи̾һ½ЩԼ
˵˹Ȼòһ֣г֮
ֶ޴ӰգҪʱδؾܳ֡
ڽ֮ǰҲҪٳʵڲȻȽǰļʮƪıþ졣
ɵõĿʱȴЩͷۡԼǰҲûǿдֻҲдʲôԾͷŵһߣĿˡ
⣬ŵ
ȵһ죬ۼŻʱҪ޷ʡ
½ͷһĵĿдüãһЩҲ޷ıӲдȻ㲻ϼҲǿۡŶεʱЩоȴ㹻
һֲ䣬ȫûϣˡ
뵽Ҳҵ飬պīҲ˼ôдȥ
һдȴֱͷȻˮһǳɣȻͬȻ
оȻʱˣµѾǰ漸ⶼѹסˡ
ƪ¶ԣҰһڻ¡
ǸŰһĻ½ػ󳩣ֱ쳤Х
ԣǰԼıһֱûȻ΢ЩţȴǺʵġ
¶вˣ۾϶Ϲġ
ţ½ү໥һۣͬʱɳ
½΢۾ӣаȵ˾٣±ضᱻϣʱҵҪ֣Ǻſʵˡ
Ĭƪеļ־䣬½ͻȻֲԣȻͣôôϤ￴ӡǰûȷʵһڼ֮ģǲСĳϮ˱ˡԣӣµϡ񡭡ȷʵڡ
뵽½ͣ͵̧ͷڿȥȴ½½ˬ˵Щʲôһ⣬иᷳʲôѽʲôɵġѲ㻹Ϊǰ𣿲ԣڵ£ȷʵпǰڿΪƪĶ֮ࡷǷķǰѧʱ򣬴Ҳʱʱƪڵҵʱһû·ǣ룬˵İ˹ĺܺãҲǻ䡣ҿͷϣѾܴӰ졣ڿϣ֮Уʶ˾еļζ
УͬдĵϰһҲûдᡣ
֮½Ҳ⡣ȥʵڲдˣЩϺͻζ졣
ȴɶСӵӰ졣
½ȴҪȥѧڵķ񡭡ô

½ľͻȻȻְοԼգֻҪУѹں½һͷͺá
ϲôأ
Ѿȵ̫ˣ
ǣȻҷڵ£˼δҲдͬҪ뿿ƪһʤⲻԼ̹֮
һ뵽½ЩʱЩ
Сһˡ״ˣԺǱߡϢˣȴһ˿ԥٲǰǰݵ
ʣ½ү𼱣²æϡ
½үȴЦܣ㿴ʲôˡµķȥ÷ãΪʵҪѾмƥھͷŶǳȥ
½ү룬͵ͷҲã˵ȵͷˡ
ܿ죬ĸķϱ˳ȥǵٶȣԺǱϢȻһʱ䴫
½үɳ̽ϯбǶ˾񣬼֪ԼѾɽ֪˭ͷҲǺõģԿһ֡
µЧʹȻߡ
ֵһʱ䣬һ񱩵ʯԶ
Ȼˣˣͷϲˡ
½үͬʱվ
½Ҳһ
źȻһӵײײ˽ϲλүϲ
ãˣ½үЦˡ
½ҲǻȻվһɲǣǼ̲סʣ˵ڼ
ڶӹ½үǰ
ãڶҲã½йⰡ

ϲ½үϲ½֣ŶӵϣͬʱҾ
½񣬲סЦˣϧֻ˵ڶδв㡣
ԼǾ͢µסԼݺݵֹһѣÿÿǵʮѡʱѾͬ͢˺ڶȷʵӵʮȨ


213 ϲ
͢±½һѣһܿ챻ǰϲǼ˱ϡýҧ촽۾ȫԹ㲻˵ڶ͵ˣ͢ҲǸˡηֺ㣬½Ȩƣ½ҳδǰ;һƬԶ󡣿ǣҲô۸˲ǡˣԺͬ㲻򽻵ǣ˭˭ѽ
½˵ڶ½Ӻ½СһƬҰףͬʱ̾ϢˣԺȥɣҲǵ顣
Ҳ֣˵½ھ˹ؽڣӦеģô½ȴ˵ڶһ϶ڵġѵӱˣ¾ʲôط⣿
Ƴʲôⶼпܷ
½ѹͬʱȴͻȻЩΪԼΪʵ̫࣬᲻䵽ҵͷأ
һ룬ڵҲЩҡ
½үĻڳ˸䡣
ʵ̫ң½үҲʵܲˣͬʱȣһ
ôҰ
½үʹڵϵǸӣϸ˵˵ô£챨
ǷֿһͷϲүС˿ֱ˳츮Ժȥ粻ȥɣǡÿϲ۴ͽסһʡ
һΣ
СϲҪʲôطͣˣһ˭ڶ˭˵ͷԪҪȥŴͬ
Ŷŵһ˽ԪҲ֪ʲô
ӣ˵½үеģСûȤҲûʡ
ôµģ½үɫѿ
Ŵͬ˸֣һǲҵļҾסﰡ˵һˡ룬˫ȭһȴһ̲סļססûϲͲܿ϶ʱ㣬ˣӦѾ͵ȥˡӦ÷ɿܹϲ벻УֻԴƬ֪̾ˡ
ǸӼ½үˣæһСȴʵϸʵڶ˭ˡ۾Ц˵ڶгǾ˲֪˲󶼶½½ҵĹˡСҪϲ˿ɶý˵ǰչأⱨֻ͵ֱϵûʸ񿴡
ãȷˣ½үһڳ
ӣСϲҵ飬ܻ档
Сӣµˬͣ˵꣬½үͽһ˹ȥ
Ƿؽȥлֿ˸ͷϲ̵ȥͬһǮȥˡ
ã̫ˣ½ʵˣϲΣˣȥүүϢ
һֱ½̫үϲ½һڸпν·˽֪½Ҳ֪Լо֮󣬽ڹٳһչȭţûүү֧֣Ͳ̫ĳɾ͡
ýṮԼ½ҵĵλֿɳһǰϴѹǿ
ˡ½ү滶Цȥˣ̫ү˵½ҽüˡ
½Ѿģɫȴƽһ飬Ŭδرӳôֿ࣬ůҲǶ־һĥ
ڸղףǷӷ˵ǡ½ҵĹˡȴû˵ǴӻǶӡңշ⽨˵ճǹӣ½ֻǸԣڶ㲻ûӵġ
ûϲ֮ǰ˭Ҳҿ϶˵½͸ˡ
ǺǣҲ֪½ʲôӡ
ڣæӣ̫үϾҪ뿪ֻ²ס
½ͷȷʵˣڿ½ŵѣѾνˡȥ
һЦǰŽ¥¥ˣҲһ֮£
½Сȴͷס鶯
Ůħͷʵ̫ࡣ
һ½˵Ĳ²ΡΡ˳˾ˣȻϲ½ɻԵúܸˣסͷ
ֶ׷ǰ
Ҳ⡣
ǰɡ½ؽס֪ûС
Աߵ½ȴͻȻ죬̵شЦʿֺˡ
½ؿ˼ۣˣЩ۲ҪֻҪۻվسɴ
л½һϡ
½ס佱
½СЦˣֻʿжȻʧý
ڵ˵ʧʧɣϲ½˵ڶһδزڵġ
˵꣬Ҳǣֻ½һ֣תصλȥˡ
ʱһֱڽ䴦½Ȼʶġڻ͵ʿ꣬Ҹ½ҿҲûбҪˡ
ڣΪΣ
ûˣ½õĺ½һĲǼŴѲҿֽѾľָ׶ˣݻҰܣ;ƿݣҲֻа֮
ڣϧˣǾͲҪˡʱ˵½ڣΪ£ϵͳѳ˥ߣִҽѧҲǺް취
˵ţ½½ˬҲݼүүںʱ͡
ʱͻȻбŴ󿪣һȺ˽½һͬʱ£ϲ½ϲ½ǧ򻽣ϲڵˣϦѾ£졣
½͵˵ɣϲ
ǡǲվ½½ү˳츮ξʮҰڶ
½Ѿ˳ȥӹϲõϲˣȥԾơǵڶѣҲʲôϲɫȻȴһ˿
Ժȴˣ½Щ죬ʲôطԣôˣ
۽ϲݹȥ½½үϲҰڶ
½
½Щڳԣæʣǲ˵ˣ
ûǹ½½ү˵ڶҲЩԣ֪ʲôطŪˣֻСĵػش𣺡үſɿⱨӣɶϸ
½һΣûչӣһϸӰһѽеϲ˹ȥ
ֵ½С½ˬϲֻһۣͻȻһȻۣһ
ȻϲһӣܵǼװǮϣץͭǮͲҪһȥһһߺޣۣۣˣǵڶǵģǵģҽţһҲ١һҴǣ
⧲һһǧĵͭǮһ鵽ͷϣֱѪ죬һţ͵ڵϡ
ûӵͷʮͭǮһС֪С֪ˣ
һ½˵ڶһΧȥϲΧۡ
һʱҵòҡ
½ӴһͳԱߵȥ
ڻæס
ʱӹӣģûµġ
Ǳߣ½С㻹ڴޣסǮͷϵӶӳȥˡ
ܼӣڿۣǮҲôҵá˵һС㣬ô裬Ҳӡͽӽʱ䣬æȥסˣ
ɾʱ½ˬȴһѽڱסͷҪˣҴ


214 æµ
ͻȻСסڱ͸УʲôҶ챻ˣſ
䣬һʧˡ
½ˬҲԣæſڣתͷһ˶ĿؿԼڡ
ʱߵͨ죬ҲһʱϲΣˡ
εò֪˵ʲôãƬ̣ͻȻ½үһӣŲңԩ˸£
ϲӣôһ׮¡½СȻڴ֮ͥӵһӣֱһ׮ˡ
Ҷ㿴ңҿ㣬֪ô졣
ô֣ˣ޳ܳ
үĺҶһ̼سһѽڵ˫ץסȴֻ۾½ү̫ү½
ſſСţסýżҶ
ǼҶθҶߵòסˡ
ۼųѾҵʰʱͻȻ䣬½ͻȻһܣܣ½ôеģΪʲôңΪʲôң
ǰԼĵ˵ˣҲ˵󻰣ɵϲ͵ʱȴ½
ڻͷȥԼֱһС
뵽½ĶУ˼ƽȻشЦԣһŪˣһڸҿЦǲڶӣ
ȥץס½үӲסҡΡ
½үӶӹǶҪɢˣһȴɷףҲû뵽½Ȼڣһ򲻿õĶ½˾ˡ
ԣԣ϶ġ½ڲסشУ۾ȫǺ˿ǲڿЦ˵ڶ½˲Żǲѧ߳ʮûɱȥġ϶ͷԪԣһϲûٵȵȡ
½үвȻе겻УٿǡءԺȥɣˣͷԪϲġ
½϶Ͳŵģһϲ˵ǲǣ󲮡
˰
ˣҳһУ½ϵȻȴһ˲䰲϶ô̶ܽӵģôμҵġ˾ǿϲ£˻ôһɥˣĶӣ˱ˣҳ½ҵˡԺճڹҿҲûʲôʹ
ǣ̫ү½үһһݣæ½һơ
½һǶ⣬ѹȻϣľһ㡣
½ү۾ںŮȵСͻԺȥҷáͽӣ˳츮ѧȥ˾Ͱ졣
ǡҶҪ֡
ڳһȻȥѧͬʵ۵ĹϵҲ£ԼСĹϵ˵鷳ġ
û취ֻһһˡ
һӺȵſԼȥ
ʱͻȻ䣬̫үүүλջƵү˵̫үĹˡ
½Ҷүʲôʱˣ̫үôͣҲȥ
ٺ٣½ҺɱͷӸŵáʱ򣬴źȻ
ھͿƽ̵˽Źձн
ƽһͨ˴磬Ǿ񣬲ȴصúۡ
ô󵨵ɱţˣܽүŭ
ס֡½۾ȴˣϯ˹ȥƽ˹֣΢ЦϻƣмûˣôÿչղŶеҲǸ֮ˣزͬС
ƽ˾ӡֱ̫࣬ӴʵۡͻȻŰݷãѵǻʵл
½һݣͻȻ˷
½̫ү仰ּͬͷϤģ
˶֪ջƵĹϵУݵλ൱֮ˣо𺳡
͢¿ǼƽģԼƽɫ԰
ƽ֣½żߣͷû¿ɲҹȴĵģֻҪһˣ½Ӧʡ
˭½ʧ֪ǻʵԼĺôûƽġǿʡ
ƽҲϻһסڣʿ꣬ͷ£߰ɡˣǸһˡʹӻͳһϲУ˳츮ԵͷԪǱӡ£ȴڼңͷӾ˳ˡ
ϲ͵⣬ԪҲûʲô˵ġ
ͷ
£еǶɧٹ˲ӿڹ֣ϲʿ֣ϲʿ֡
һϲһʯͷأӣԪûܵǰһġ
ֻ
ˣҪ£Ǳ߱˵ƽЩͷֳ½һ֣ھͳȥ
½үҪߣŭǰȥȴ½һסͺȣʲô
½ү̫үһɷʱסˡ
һߣ½ͻȻ˹ǻ
նˡʱһЦͳȥʿ꾹Ȼ˽Ԫ£ȵҡ
½ʶʱģһ̫ҽʲôʱģҵƬ̡
ʱ䣺½ѾһˡͲ߶ˣĲղҸԶԶѾûʲô󰭣ƽСĲͺáһȥʿֱƺҪ
ͷɿ׷˳ȥ
̫ҽԺʱ̫ҽʲôʱͬʶġ˸ǳԾ˵
½ү½״ˣղջƵʲôˣںʲôϵͬϤӡ
½үҲ˹һɻ
½˵ָֻմ˵ˮԱߵдһ֡
˾񡭡
½үͬʱŴ͡
½ص˵ͷ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻ䣬½شЦǸ˰ɣҳ˰ɡ֪ƽռʼҵĲѧͺ޲ҺްôļҪܾ衣
ӣܲܽŲЩ㵲סˡһֱֳĬ͢ͻȻվ½дһ˿ˡ
СˣСˡ½
½ɫࣺ϶һöӣۣȥ

½档
ʱƽЦҪʿСѵ칦ƣֻ²ʱͬлҪ˵
ʱ䣺ƹҪȥˣȥʿҵļ߻ϸˡҪȾƣڼȥ
ƽ̫ҽȻǸƢˣҵȥҺʿڽߣ˵
ʱ䣺áҲ˻ƽȥڵļҡ
ǣںͻƽƵڽš
һǹǵլڣϵҲ徻
Сĵظںͻƽʮɵĺ棬ףԼ󣬻ĸ֣ǵ֣ӦҲѷɫԼͻƽƹ¡
ڿ˿ͷϲѾȥ紵Ϻ䣺ƹôѰʲôѽǲҪдƪʣ㡣
дʣǱҪگ㣬ú׼һ¡
ڣگԣǺǡһЦԳƹҲ̷ʵ۱£дƪʣдЩ£ҲһŪگûʲôϵɣ
ʿ겻ԷƱĲѧúܡֻûйҲûʸˡ
˵ŻѾеһСϣˮʣԵ쳣ס
Ѿ˽ŵͷطסСľ䡣
ƽǰ㲻ǿõ˵ŬｫһЩǰߡʱŭһϼҳ𡣡
ڣôһ£ôˣдò׵ĵط
ǣдһ仰˵ó͢òطԳһЩáƽЦЦڣʿ鳯͢𣿡
һõɲС䵽ϣЩ鷳һܲġιһ־ǡӸɶ˵һ֮ԱǣӸȻãɸյ˰Ҫյġ򣬹ò㣬ܶ鶼ˡ
ĸ˰̫̫࣬٣Ҳһֻһũ˰ǣŴǲý˰ģĩ꣬ؼ沢ĽһӾ磬յ˰ԽԽ٣Ҳʲôöȥ
֮ʵڲ
ʵص޵ģÿũ˰ҲôЩҪľ״Ͳòµ˰Դ
ˣǷִʵдϣҲд˳֣һ䣬úܶڵطԼ취ܲЩҵ˰ֲõĲ㡣
벻ȴüξʵ⡣
ʵ۶ԽǮһУµ˰ֿãκ˶ġ
ûƽϽڣܲø³̳
һУƽЦүǿļӣȾ£ġʿ꣬ĺûһ£дõ³̳˱µ˼øһ顣
ƽĻһ˵ڣһֱһڻʵĿеĶλһ購Ū׽׽ˣȴûʲô֮
ܹƯˣԼڻʵĿеĵλ
ȱʫĲŻڵĴ󳼣ɶƵܳԱȴࡣžߣΪþ񣬲λһƷȨġ
ܼ򵥣ÿôĲ֧뿪ž治ת
ٻ뵽ʵʷϵЩȨس鳼ǣ˭ǲϵһѺ֡籱ʱĲ̾峯ĺ
ܹԳֶΣ㽫ξˣҲ¾Ŀռһķ
ڣã֮úдƪ¡
˾ͺáƽ˵ͷѾǮŪýͷöЩӵĿˣҲѹʿ꣬Ѿ˽Ԫվͻּһڴߵݵġ
˵һЩŷ֡
ȵؼңɫѾھ
ǸԺ߰磬ĶǸھӡ
˵ΪڸнԪ˵ϯðգǮ
ڻؼңھǶͬʱվϲ¿ƾүæͣһͨƣ£Ҳ˲ͬ˵
ڶգвͬоٵͬãȻһͨӦꡣ
ؾǰݼʦʦ
ͬһȥݷֺŵķʦܶ衣սݽȥþͱ˳ܿٴ˵С˵ģϽ
Щͷԣǰ͹ܿٿû棬ҲûôоͱСˣµϣ档
ڿǻʵߵĽ۽粻ͬҲͬȻͬԼķʦһЦ֮Ҳϡ
ȥݷø½ˡ
½˼Ҿ첻ھǣֻڳסһСĺԺȵ˵ͷȴһӶ˹ٳٽΣвƷĳ͢վԺſڹغţϵسŷ
ƫƫŷŻżӣ˵ҼҴǸ٣ġ
к棬ԱߵһƷԱ֪½Ǹղ˸ʵȨְƹ¹Աˣˡ
һ½úÿ졣
ǰȥһӵݸŷͷ˵
˵ʲô˵ŷڵӷ㣬дΪãҼҴ˽¼ȡľӣ˵ˣʵ̫æû취Ӽȵ¹ʱҲ١
ûа취ֻȥݼӦϼӦϼȴڡˣȴ˵ƣȥɽɢȥˣмղܻ
ط˿գû취ֻؼҡ
ؼҺ󲻾ã½ǵǸŷȴѰһЦе֣˵ǰ֪үʣеҼүԵõġֻϧʱйҪãСԹһ⣬Ҫƴǡ
½ǵǳʢлдӣԼĪֱܴʡ
ڴһʦѧµˣ벻ͨ
Ȼ벻ͨҲȥ룬ɴĥһ£ʵдƪ¸ôŪ
¹Ѯ֮ǰȥ½ѧðлл½ү
ȹһΣֵÿʼ׼ֵ֮꣬׼ǽʿơ
ʱ仹йæġ


215 Ϊگ׼
⼸գڵļҿνǶһֵĵطպ˵֪һ¿ƽԪһڣһ˶὾˵һ֪ʿү𣬾ǽԵͷǱǵһӡ
ʵ漮ĴϾϰ߻̸ֹһϷ˵ʡת˳츮ַھӿɹܲô࣬Ѿ˾ųүǡ
һ֣֮жһӻʳǸµĽ
УһЩǵζ
ʵϣطҲˣֻҪһԪǿһй⣬׷ĶȳһԣֱһԪΪֹ
⼸ȻѾ붬ɼ̫Ⱥ͡һ磬мүɰڽֱߵ̫ĥ
˵о˵үɶϵ·ʿհᵽʱҾ;Ĳ֪֮Ǹ
ۣ˼ҸԺʱ˲ǻںĥӣ˵˺ò£է߰ýҲ֪һǺϼѣһŰˣʲôסҿ˼˼ⷿǴӱģͬйȥѰ˲ˡ
Ա߼кҲЦ
˶Ȥۣ㲻ǿ˼ҶӴˮ飬ҹȥǽһϴˮ˵һȭȥڽ˰ʱڻؼȥˡ˵ʲôүǷˣǺǵġ
һǱЦø졣
Ǹ۵˲˼ץץͷһ˵ǾͲ֪ˣʲôһȭһָҲ֪ʲôаҰǽϣͻȻһָͷҵҸ¡ҲʹɾǽӲˣòþؼ֮˺üŻָһҹǽͷҲ׸ȴһ׮֮
֣ǿӴ°ɣ˵ˣƢ֪ôġ
ͷһڣʲô£Ǳңӻء˵ſǽϾͿүڶ顣һҵѽԳ档н˸컨׹䣬Ů衣Ǵ۽ˣףүɶ·Ѿ已̥ˡ
˵֣أĿࡣȻˣǰүоҺȾƵʱ򣬻ԸҾһءǺø
˵ÿĭɽ֮ʱԱˡͣһЦʿʲôʱôˣֲȻһָͷܽһ˵ձǰҪǿ࣬Ҫٽ
һЦ۵תͷȴһ°͹ͺͺͷЦվǰ
˶кĥƤҲƣʱ
˳Ժˣ
һ߳ȴ̫еվȺС֪ͷ⣬æӭȥƹôйү鷿£Сȥ
ƽͷʿ굹ڿ죬ͷӸ˵鵹ûе顣
ȽݣͿǦֽϲͣдʲô˻ƽڣߣϾͺã޸ġƪ£ʯͷǡ½ѾдףԱߵȵȡ
ƽã͵ȵȣѾȵòͷˡȿƪдΡԱдõĲݸض
һȴһⶫϵʵ̫ȥҲ֪үôڸ˾һܾ
ڣŪͲŪһŪһġ
⼸ȷʵЩæҪַھӣýӴõͬ꣬ͬڵľ˼Ļᣬǳδٳϵ
ò׵ͣٹֵòμ¹磬ȻҪȥ½лʦ
һæ½Ҳ˲ȥˡ
½ӴŹ˵һˣ˼ҳ׺ˡֻǲմȣЩƣ˶Ƶġ
½ҵΣڶҲûʲô仯׺ͻûȥԺҲ֪ʲô̬ȡ
үүǱ͹ճþߣùط˺Ǹ˼ա
ƣүүΪһ·վͻ٣ʿƾͲμˣƾȥҲвˡ
һУ¹ʱ˵
û£һ
ѾǺüˣµ־ͽšϽ˿ܾ顷֮ʼԪտʼҪٸӵϵξʱ򣬱֮ңǸʱʼܾ໥ᣬʼڽϵдģľ»
ƶȵѾãֿмѾùӵصĳ̶ȣֻ֮͢ǲרˡ
Ѿʮ꣬ӵСС򣬵ǧɳݣѿ֧Ҳʼμǡ
ÿܶӻڴΪ˷ֲԼĵӷ
ÿĲҲİ򣬾Ѿͳȥ˰˰򣬼ʼ궼Ҫ߰˰
˵Ĺⶼⳡս۸ͿˡΪ˴ǮΪ˳תȥξʵҲƵķӡΪҵ˰Ͳӣ˵۹Ҳũҵ˰棬ҪҳǮķӣǼŪСԸũƲСξξҼҽԾ˵
ʵҲǲ֪ôȥҪӣΪ˽ⳡսȥȴòҧ֡
ڴʵʷ֪ξĩѾƲٰ·ȥҽҵʰˣξݱ֮󣬼λ¡۲ŲѴžһ޷λƣùӮࡣ˵žĸĸĹ˽ʮꡣ
žĸĸҪ϶µߣ̫󣬻ĿǰܼģҲûҪ롣
Ŀǰռ㹻ľãսǵ֮µûа취
Ȼũҵ˰벻κΰ취ңصĽһ沢һ˰ֻήβҵ˰϶ЩԽʶҵ󵰸ɱũҵÿ죬öࡣֻҪеĺôֻҪԼҵһʱѿһ׳ïʢ
ʱδİ
ΪһССľˣĻ;ȥȵҪнʿȻ󻹵ںԺ嵽ޡʵϰϣҪ·ŵطٿ졣ȸɳܻؾáڸ󣬶ϰʮˡ
⻹һ˳ǰ£֮ξʵ۾ͻݱʱ¾˼ҿ϶ԼǱʱİסʱž߹һ˽緢Щ˼ξʮĽʿǶʱǲž߻󶼱ڸࡣ
浽Ǹʱֻ¾ûʲôˡ
ˣھԼһǰչֳԼھϵĲŻ䡢ɻڴ
ʱҡ
Ҳģͷ˵ʱ޵ʶû˱̣ȻûѧóΪ£ǽľʷͨһ飬Ѿľйһ
ΪǰߴڴռһϰľҲ򵥣Խϵĸֻ΢Խ
ܿϷʡľȨϷʡľռһϡ
ֻҪӿ迨ҵ˰˵һһһǧյ
û峯ĩƶȡ
ƶʼ峯ĩ̫ƽʱڣʱ峯Ҳôҵ˰ҲŪǮͬķ⽨һͳߵĿ⻹Ǳ︳ޡ
ɵȵ̫ƽ֮ʱطãĽϵݵ֣ҲԴϾ︳ֻ°ղ࣬Эҵĸࡣ
Ҳе˷˵ľãþڸùؿ
һʼֻǰٳһսӵٳʮҲǿµ˲Űս̫ƽаͽɵȻﳹ׽ɾ
ֺͰ˳ս֮սͻԲˡͷβⳡճ־õսۣûһǮ
ɷϣҲǴǸʱʼҪѾӴͳũҵ˰תҵ˰ҲΪ֪˹ҵĺôź˶ʱķˡ
ĳ˵ƶȻһĽġ
ȻҲвٺ󻼡
ȴӦòĵ飬ǰǽܣȹԼڻʵĿеλԴ˸ԼӮø֮ŵ
ͣ˱ʣ˿ԺӣɹŸϴ·ŮһУ֦ʱ俪ҩ֮ɫҲˮˡ
䵽ŮϣһȺӷɹ춯ĸڡһͨ磬һжԵðʡ
Ǽξʮһͨӡ
Ԫһꡣ
ͻȻ䣬뵽Ҳòһʱ䣬ԼܾСʱҲͬˡһ֮ͻԼĺӡ
ҲʱշҲкӵġ
ǹԪһ꣬һģҲ˵ʮͻ´ңͻʬɽѪ
ڵĽʮ꣬ã˾ʮҲпܵġô˵ҵ϶ᾭǳҵĶ¡
֮ڲ
ڿʼıЩʲôɡ
ƶȿУк󻼣Ҳʲôĺá
һշӵ飬һЦĵЩٵһɣСٴһ꣬ҵȰȾȳ
ͣ˱ʣƽӹʣµĸӣֿ˰죺ʿ꣬˵䲻Ļһϣүֻ¾Ҫˡ񰡡
̾ϢһֵνͶҽǱƣҲˡ֮һֻ½ҵս£մ˰ү۾ǮˣҪ⣬뻢ıƤȴطĿܡϵڸ˾һҿԻ˳𣬱Ͼʡһֱ֡Ϻ͸߹žֻ½ԣ㽫㳡
⻰Ѿ˵úֻֻµּдһ¶ѣǷУǬһϣ˵ЩΪʱ硣һȥֱӲأ
ƽֻǿЦ
˵˰컰̫£˵Ҫȥתʸξʵۣʿ꣬һȥվͻԷگˣȵ¹֮ϸ˵ЩʲôЩǸ˵ģЩǲ˵ġ
лƹ㡣
ˡҪţƽͻȻͣЦеؿڣԹŲӶǳ鷳ȴǲֵΪ䡣
ЩͿƹ⻰ôˣڿǴ뻨ģ
˵֮󻹴ûν¥Ժʲôġ˵˼ԼʵԹŴҵǺܺҲЩġֻ֪÷ֶйģʱҽˮƽ˵ⶫǲ֮СȾˣִִᣬǲ
ƽǺһЦʿ꣬˵Ѿ½Ů˽ˡϲϲ
һҥԡ
ƽЦøȫɶˣ½Ǻǣϸ˼鷳½ӣүҪġԼµķʣԼ취ֻһ㲻Ȣ½Ůӣд鷳ġ


216 
һ죬½Сװ׵ģԼҲúܡ
ǣŰգ½Со٣ϲ÷˿ȥȰ⣬˼˸Ͷ
ʵҲ⣬Ůзǳʱ򣬾ŮħͷҲ⡣ھѹʱϲҼһܲңھ
˲ˣʼǡ٣ھЩܲ½ˬACUPϵļȸ߿ǿɰ
ƽһϯǸ˸ѣԼȻǸʮ߰ɣȴһʮĻϹʮִỹǸˣڹŴѾˡ½úܶʱҲǵСѿȫûԱʶ̸ֹҲ⡣
䵽ʱЩͳ
Ժ󵹲ͬŮħͷ̫ˣְȫбҪ
ǳʿֺ׼ӴǼξʵۺͻƽݽ겣Լؿýˡɲñ˿һΪ˹»ͰͶȥ½ҵƨɣ½СԽ󡡣
˵½ϾҪ군ˣڿɲ᷸Ǹɵȥ½Ů
һҪȥ½лʦл½Ҷλүھ;һͷۡ
ξȥ֮󣬲գ͵¹ڣ˳츮ԺټҲǰ˹
¹ûӲԹ涨Լܾһ붨ա
ڸմԽʱ־ҪڿƾٳɱһƬԶǰ֮ʱҲֹһ¹ʱΣҲҹصϣ˼ܿʷС˵ꡣ
ǵôǰһС˵пĳ˴ԽŴ֮˾ˣʡѧĳ¥һ¥ȻһͨԺˣʫʲôģЩ˼ͬͨżҲûʲô
ɵȵӵ˵طһ֪С˵Ǻ˵˵
¹һ飬͢жƣͷβԵнһ˿һá
Ҳûھ¥˳츮ĹԺ
ȥҪҲǳԺȣǰݼʦ
Ȼõϲ֮Ҳоٵľ˵ȥݼиǰᣬһǿηǳǰǰʮȥˣʦҲӼʮоٵѧһһӴʲô鶼ˡ
ԣ¹ʵϾǹͬʽʦᣬѧͶӶԣʦˣҲ㲻ܻߡһ㣬ͬĴѧʲôṹԱȥΣһʽη֮ͬ
˼ҵͶãҲ˵ʲô
磬ʰͣ͹˽ȥ˳츮Ժ
ԺǰĹ㳡Ѿ˲ˣоٵԱǣһϲɫ
𵱳սʱϵĻ֣̿һΡ
˶ͬʶģ֮󣬴ҶһĻᣬҲˡ½ΣмӭҾ֡
Ԫ㵽ˣҸղŶءͷǿɲ˼Ժȥ
˵Ĺά΢΢Щ⣬һһֻ񣬾ʣôҶɵ˽ȥʱ
Ц֣Ҷڿأ
֣˵Ѿӵϲˣʲô
ҶЦ˵ҲҪģϻľٵ֣˭ľӣЩҪлģٲá
ףҲ˳ȥ
ڹ˵һƵĽԪ˶ܿһߡ
ڿףȴҲһ׮洦δﵽһȦȦеģһӣνְˡڼװʿƵİҴϵУ֮ΪȴҰԲ̫һ
ֻȻλеλãиСŰӦϼ͹֣ܶһʦһǷʦ
ǰڷ½ڰϿרע
ΪͷռλãסߣľǶЩ˼ǵڶ½ҵȴǡ˵ȵ½һãԪˡ
½ӴΪʲôƨӾǲá
ԻʿӶͷ˹ģ˹ġ
ڸˡŻعæõһߣЩ˼
ڹһЦⶺ½úѽأ
½ץץͷڿʦͷʦأҲȥлһ¡ǰҲȥݷùˣûˡһȴҴˡԭ۵ļ½½ˣµúл˼ҡ
ô˵˶Ǻ棬ȴ½д½֣滹ֵע⣺š
Ҷȵؽгԭ½ѳģ˵ڶǺ˵
βߵڱֹ½ֺôĸҲ⡣ŽţѵĶǹٻ¸ӵܡ󶼶ʲôطҲ⡣
½Ӷ⣬⻰ŭתͷҪȫˣȴҲ
ʱͻȻ˷ޣҿʮ꣬ôвˡһеĶ󱲣ɼƾٳϣҲ׵ģƽƽ
˻ͷȥȴһõڵϿ޵һѱһᣬֲסؾԼ׵ĺ롣
ļǵس˹ӵϼȵô£¹磬ɲң߿ߡ
ڵŻڴޣҽȥɣⱲӻûǺεȹ⾰ءֻҪһۣҲĸʡ
˿жЩѹ
ʱһӹԺЦеغλүῪʼˣ˺½ҽȥ
͸볡ûȥǸš


217 ¹磬̹ȻİӦϼ
е˶һСзӣÿװлʦӡ
½İأ󲡳áЩģˣ˽ȥ
ҲмûˣлҪ˵
ھʣӣĿѾյˣΡ
Ѿȫˣ˵̫ҽҩǺáЩѰҩһ𣬳ȥúܣҲоˡ̫ҽ͹һŷӣ˵ǰһҩһӣоӲãͻһһԵòˣֻȥǰһ⵹ˡЩⲻˡ
ʱΪűдǱݸĿԸھͣڼסգ͸Ƕȥ˵ҪȥϷ
Ӹ˵Ļһ˼еĵʱ½µŷйһǽѪǵģɳڳȥδеѪǵļһоã͵ûһšȵѪȥֵĻͷȥԵһҩ
Ȼ̫ҽô˵Ͱ˵İˡˣ˾ˣֻﲻ֪˳ʲôģɡ
ôʣ½һȻǸ˵ÿ˺üǵûһ
̾һļҲ֪ΰοѡѶϼ£½ҵ˻治ۡ
ôһ˵ߵҲ
Ϳ͢мشӶ߹ȥʱͷԹؿһۡ
ʲô½Ӳˣ˻ȭͷҴ𣿡
͢ˣ֪½˾Ǹʲô鶼ɵóҲܳϡҪӣ汻ʹԼҲûط顣æͷˡ
½һЦͻȻһĴָ
ڣʲô
½Ӽ˼۾ڸ磬벻ȻŮħͷ˽ˣô÷пǻϲý¿ڸдˣ˵ֹͷе̣ʲô½Ҵȥһʸ½ңڿɱ·ӡûȢСá
ʱջҺӿ׵ģ˵Ůħͷãô𣬾ȻԼõڣ
½һ죺ôֻҪܹ͢ºÿ飬۾͵ȥ
ӾǸƣͲںֶÿЦ
ԣԡ
ڣôˣ
½ץץԴ૵͢˿ǸûûƤģƤҪȢСã˭ôֻµҲԸúܣֻҪܹ˳ؽŮħͷ޳ȥͺã
ɣ͢¾Ȼİã
˵úܡ
ڻǲţ̲סʣӻðɣ
˵ͬŮħͷ׵ģôڹˣӹЦһû£ǱڷѾһˣ˵ˣֻҪҳһֱӴȡУ£޵۾ˡ
ֻðͷ̾Ϣ˵Żͽ˹ԺĴá
ǶˣӦϼ½Σ
÷ǳ󣬰˼ʮӣĲҲܼ򵥡̣ȲˣһȵĻƾƣֱߵĽŷĻɫͨЩ
ɰӦϼ֡
Եزߣ´Ҳֻ˵Щ׻ȫûǰĴԺʱķɡ
½Ե÷ǳһϯ硰λѧӶ˳츮Ľܳ˲š٣ϲ͢;²աơ
У⣬˵쳣ϴſܵĺ
˵´ϣȻһȺʦУԱʿ߳¹
¹ʳҰ֮ƻмαɪϡ
ϹĻɣпǽ
֮ңʾС
¹ʳҰ֮мαѡ
񲻐fЧ
ּƣαʽ԰
¹ʳҰ֮ˡмαɪ١
ɪ٣տ
ּƣּα֮ġ
¹ǡʫСšƪдŴʢˣ蹦̵ʱΣǶԱƷµּα֮顣¹롰»ͬ¹ƾټ֮⡣¹𽥴ӹָݱɹٸƾټڵʿӵר
տʼʱڲ֪ԱߵľǴ質һ
ڷɵʱ͸ѧϧڲᳪֻſͺҵغŪ˼䣬ĳ
һˣ˵Ҳֵͬʱٱʹһʱ䣬ʫԻ֮ڶ
Ļڡ
ֻͣʣһĹĵ㡣
ֻϷӴӺֲͣš
ͨɣǷֱ١ǡ񣬱߾ߣΪɫֳۣ壻ϴɫߣϷװеı¡ñֳֽ𶷡ʣͷүñ̺ۣɫߣֳֽԪ
˶̤Žģҡ壬Ȥ
ڻǵһβμĳϣȻǴй񫡣
˵ƾٵᣬһԺĿ磬һǻԺ磬Ҳ֪ǺεȵĹ⾰
Կ迪ʼǶȾƳʫ֮Ҳֹžŷκ
ĲʽȻ򵥣ɳʦղȲŮҲǳڳԵ컬ɿԱߵ½ӣ˿ϵľ⣬룬̾Ϣһȥֻһڻƾơ
Ⱳˣⲻܳԣǲմÿն˰ײˣܲһڣɴſȥеˡ
͹סͣˣⲡúҪģѵͲ£ڹⶺ
ãһ½ͻȻЩڸ磬ǲҪȥҸУ
һ˵Щͷۡ½ѧоٵľȥлүӣԼ½СŪǸе¼½ˡ
ʦ죬治ӲͷƤȥ
Ƭ̣Ҫȥģôˣ
е죺հл󣬵Ժȥȱϲƺòã
ϲơһ㶡
һۣڸ磬ʲôֲҪȢŮħͷ檡
˭
˭ȻǶ㡣Ӳ˼̫ҽЩףоĿܣҲˡ׵¿Բӿ˶˵
һЦ֣ϲ½֣ף½ӡ
вŮˣʲô˵ˣԺ˼ǣշһҲþˣԼҼ˺ȿھƾˡ
ãʱһ׼Ȼܴ
˵˰컰꣬ѽˡ
ٺ͸˽Ҳ½˳ȥ⡣
ҪĻڣʦ
վڴſڣڷȥͼʦڴС
ţоٵʿɵ͵ߣֱ빫ãڶʦǰݣȻϸлʦ
˳츮Ǿصأ˶ǳԸ˼ңҲǴ󷽡
ʦʮϰ
λʦǰͶһСɽ
׳ÿ˶ǧʡҲǹԱǶԸٵԵʣö죬һƾлʦӾһٽ̵С
ȻӦϼ˾ӣԽҲô
һôһ˻ϲ顣
üҲˣüͷչ
ʮоٵĿãǻ˲ʱ䣬ȵں½ʱѾһʱ˶ȽЩᡣ
½ͬʱȥҵԼʦ
ǰӦϼģʦˡ
ӦϼĴʱ͹ϵУ¼棬Ҳлϲ֪ӦϼǸ֮ˣҲû׼̫صطһӷϡ
ѧڣݼʦ
ȻڵϿͷ
Ŵ֮ûй˵ϰߣǼ˼ξʵۣҲһҾһڼξҲҲЩϲֲݡ
Դ֮Լٲ򣬵Ҳûô鷳
ιӦϼȴǳʵģǸӣֵ𾴡
ӦϼӹڵĸֽڷͻȻ̾ϢһڣҲʦϵһֱõĵо仰ʦһֱﲻ֪ͬ˵ǰվΪûø˵ʲôǣΪʦŲȴǽˣǾΪߣ̹̹ҿ˵ģҲûʲôܻġ
֣ʦ뽲ѧ̻塣
ӦϼʵʿĵϷΪʦѾǳϤˣĴԺ֮ʱǰе鶯ȡͷס˵־֣ڵҲͷһݵģиҲʲô¡ǣߣȱûµĳʹĥǿľ;ĳɾҲ޵ý
꣬ŸߣμʱľӣøԪҲڻ¡ʦҲǿǵһ㣬ⲻȡҲΪɽľŸڳˣ֮һõͷ˸ʿڡ˻;һ·˳˳ˮڸ󡣡
ΪʦҲЧ´˾٣һĥѡڶӵʱ򣬹ⲻ㡣
Ӧϼô˵סˣʦ˵ȥ
Ӧϼ̾ϢһˣΪʦھзһƪºַ񣬱Ϊ͹⽫ˢȥȴǾһ˵ģξиˡʵžҲͷʸΪʦôҲƽ
Ҳû뵽ʿ·Ȼ˶䣬Ȼ²飬ΪʦŪɳ׾ҲͶ˼աȴͨˣͬΪʦҲûʲôģֱ˵ˡ㽫ǺҲãԹҲãΪʦˡ
û뵽Ӧϼ̹ʣҲһӣʵˡֻг羴ȴ˿Թ֮ġ
һʩ񣺡ѧ֪ʦߣмԹ֮ģ
Աߣ½ǹһЦûϲĿ⿴ڣʿ־н࣬λԹˡ
˵ϣӦϼĽᾡȥҲϲ
ʦ½Ӱ½ˡ
ӵǺˬͽһӷŵ½ߡ
½һ΢Щ˵ʵڻΪʲô½СӾǴʲôط֪ؽڵģҲЩͿ
ӵҲʵǣ֮͹ڵͨͨͨؿͷѧ½ʦʦ֮ɽˮ˼ң½ⱲҲһΪ˲ݵӵܡ
˵ԼЩڸܵί½۾һ죬
½Цʣ½֪˾˵ģ
½Ӹղſ񿴵·֪ųģһյ˳Ը½ǣָм
ԣǺ½°ݵģʦ˺ȻԼĸ½ǸȡšĹأʱΪĴ󾴣ɼ½Ӷ½˸мεȳ̶ȡ
ȻĹؽҪءӺֵͬܣлԼ־Ͳ˵ôмĻˡ
½ܹнľˣиᣬȴĨɱ˵ġ
½Ҳ½Ǵʲôط֪ؽڵģܵ˴󾴣Щ⣬Щ⣬Ц촽Ʋ룺ΪͨҲƣˮ£ľïԺͽï֮ɡ
ݹʦ֮һʱѾȥˡ
ڶգԥǲȥԷһˡ룬ʵҪԼдǸ¹Ҳûʱ䡣
ͬʱĳϵ³̲ͬʹַ֤ʵʵĲֶοԽʱ˵ޱʣҲмǿ˵
򶯻ʵ֮Ӧòѣ˵ǺŪɡ
ڼϢһ죬ȵƻ裬˽ȥ½
ȿ½ҵĴʱЩġ


218 Ҫͽ
½Ժӡ
붬Ժ󣬷ᵽԺӿһС¥˵ůЩ
סķЩ֣ڶ¥¥ʱҪͨһʮȵľ¥ݡ¥Ҳխ棬΢ЩһŲ顣
¥ϣһС䣬ԵЩ谵ֻһӶӦ˺ڰ۾һ󷢻
Źȥһ¶̨
һ˵ôߵλãվ̨ϣܿķ羰
ȴЩ̨֣ͬĸߴͬȴߣбڼУͷ
̨ϿȥҲûκη羰ԡǰȫӵһݶֻܿϸһмѾ߼ܹȥ
ľ￴þˣ˽ס̣ͺҪޱ޼ʵݶסˡ
С¥ƣδС巿һһǿҵɽ˼ҵĽ
ԭǹط˵Ժӣ¥ҲΪ½С׼ġʱĸ˼С㣬һʮҪס¥ֱ˵һ졣
СǸöˣûһ졣̰ط󣬾ʹӹط˹
˿ѽƻ裬һ֮б仵ơһϾǦܲԵú
͸ĵ
ٿǰݶĿռ䣬½үֻоĿһ󷢶£ͺһţë̲ȥ²
ͺһֻèһƤسţүѾЩûˡͺһƵأ˵ʱ۾͵ģ˵ý
һ֣½үиǰգһתӣȥ
һѾ߻æǰȥ¶̨Źϡ
½үûо˰ˣһβμԣãв˲ʲôϣĴǣһоٵĿû۶ܲˣô̵ģûϢĶ
ʲôҽ̵ĶӣһŮ˼ң̶ܽӵɶ׵Ρ˵أôˣƽºͣһ㲻ˡӣһǺаԵҲТ˽ͨ½ҵɶˡ
½ˬ½үҧÿ֨죬ȭͷ߬ÿҪˮҪ룬ȴǿǿŭѾ¥ȥҪͬ˵
ǣүѾҲԣݲ԰ףæһʩ¥
ȵСѾߵĽŲ¥ǱʧʲôһоٵĿû˵ҪЦ˵Ĵ͢²ҲǵһοĲѧǱ͵ģôˣУ½ƽûҳ飬Ǹֻ֪ˣĺôҲˡѲɣвŻ
½̾Ϣһƾٳϵ˭˵أ½С͢¾Ȼˣ⣬ֻʱҲҲҲֽͰɣ
ͻȻЦЦ½үЩͷԡ
½үЦʲô
ﻹЦ
½үջˣ˲񣬿סڣ
ˣûүĿҾǸˣ˵ʵˡЦүڱЩñΪסˣ浱ɵˣ
½ү⣬һ½⻰˵òס
װﱯߵؽеΪԺʲô֪½˾٣Ҳûʲô˵ġûУĲѧôܵõڶ𣿡
ǰ½үһûܵģֲϹӡ
ڳ˰ɡǱߣȻ㻨Ӵͨؽڣͬ˵ˣǽǸȡˡбƽռﻹװһػӣĿУ󷿵ķվҪЩһαޣ
ܣ½үһѣһǷǱʹӡԣڵٰӦϼǸֱӣҪ·ûпܡڸ½ǣ˼ҸУˣôΪԻǰ̣ܵġ
˵϶Ȱ˰ͷ϶ˣ鲻
治ʹӣ˱ˣֹͣ½ү
治ңƳǿвɵǡ
̫ү飬˼ҵ˭ҲͻȻˣҧгݣ϶̫үٵ˻ȥȡ½ҿ̫үĶƫˡ
½ү̾Ϣһ̫үƫ½½ˬ˶֪ˣ˭а취ֻϧˡ
ӵؿǺãˡүӣҪȥ̫ү
ȥ̫үôˣֻٵꡣ½үİŮѹҲܡ
ǰȥֱο
˵ˣԷŰգ̫үԱһֱڷա˶գȴáӵģҲܵýθȥ˼ң
¼Ȼ֪ģÿռ䶼밲ġɷɶƺǿϣү֮ǰ㲻ͬ˵̫үеӵԺֻ»Ҫȥ٣˲ţ¿鿪ˣÿ׼ˡһ٣һ߱û׼أ
ȷʵ˵ģΪԣ½ͨԼڳ͢ȨƣǰΪ½ҵӵҪ˼ݸ׮ѣһԷµةƷ͢١һǽ㶼תʹ˾й٣Ʒ
Ѿͬ½ү˵ˣһ½о٣ȥԷµة
⼸գ߶¡ϧ̫ү½үһֱ̺ҲŻ˵̲סѾȥ˹
½үüͷȻǰͲȥةǸšְƷĳ͢٣ûʸȥ
أ
½үͷƷϵĹԱǳ͢٣ֻǽʿ˵ΣΪֻҪ٣͢͵÷ھֻƷµĹ٣ơˣ̫үĹϵҲ¡˶ǣ¸Ͳܰ졣
Ҳܣ취ȵ
һǳ⣬½үŭˣˣ
˵꣬һ˦ӣ¥ȥˡ
Ƿ˻ߵĿ
¥ʱΪûע⣬½ү˽ţˤڵأֻý۵ģ·Ҳһȳһա
澣ɫҪȾˣ½үؿڷ¡
һ·㽫¥ϸͨꡣ
ǰǿһƬ԰ˮеķƽȥ
۵øҪ˹ѥǱ̾ϢһңҹͤŲէ˴ĺԼסȥ
ȣ˭ǧЦһƬǧ˼ûŴ
½ġ
Уһ䡰˼ÿŴһ
½ү˲ýʹæѰȥ𣿡
û˻ش𣬵һͺͺѼ£½ͷ죬մؿѾȥգǵĿˮϳһ
ôˣԵģ½үдʹ̲סһץסĸ첲סҡš
½ȴǳԳһЦֿʼ̸ʿ۶Ի÷򻧺Ըһʶ½ݡԳԣ°˵д£ҲڶҲĶдðĿ̲סģ֮ġ֮֮̾д˵ʫڣ˶ˡүƽȻ˸½ΪʲôҪһڡ

ںˣоˣҪչ߷ɣƫƫһҪ½ƬССأһ̣ҲûлᡣѵⱲӶҪ𣬲ǲ
ںˣˣ½ҲˣΪ˵Ц
͢£͢ǣҲЦ𣿡
½үӳյʵ۾һȣ֣صؿŶӣĺˡûоˣҲΪıһõĹְźˡ
һҧɿ½֣󲽳½үԺȥ
½Ҵү½ϴˣһ㶣Цܣôûѣտϲ¡һѧоٵʿлң½С檡´һ֡
½үҲشһƨϣѥӣȴŵĽ׵øƵġ
½үеѾߴ󾪣æҩƹȴһָϳȥ
½үܣôˣ
½үֳܲȥһˣܲΪְµ鲻áЩԾ
ôˣ½үһæʡ
½үæղ·һĻͬ˵ˡ
½ү󺧣ˣ治ܲ취ȥҲã̫࣬Լħˡְ٣ȥȻǲʵġ̫үǰһӣѾ׵ˡԷµةһְ͸͢£ͬˬ֮󡣽תʹ˾йĹְ̫ʣҲûõȥ
½үһɥֳµģѵû취
½үüͷ˱һڣתһȦӣͻȻȴиõĵط»õͷС
½үʲôְ
ҲһƷĹ٣ӪóȱΪٲȴðţǱȥ̫үһֽŹȥܰס
һӰƷ½үЩʧ
½үȴЦˣܣ֪λΪʲôһֱȱûȥ𣿡
Ϊʲô
ΪûԸȥͷи̺ӡ½үһЦӪԷ
½үŴִͣʲôû˱ˣǿүүľ
½үŵά޹̿ɶǳѲϴιΪү񻹱
а̵Ǻηʥ
½үǸӣ˽ΰǸ˵˰ɡλүھɺúܣν˼¡
ΰû˵˰
û˵Ͷˣǰû˵ǵ֣Ϊ˻Լ½үЦ°ͣΰŮУûйͷˡ
Ůܸ׺ֳµЩϣ档
ϣ氡½үΰŮ˲ãǵԣ
ԭǡδĹɺ͹˰½үʲô
½үڣȥͬΰӽƣǰ̣½ҴкôУԣǷ½һ飬ȥ٣ҸӶҲӦ
ã½ү˷ַܵ˾ͺã˾ͺãȥ
ĽţЪϢɣǱȥ˵½үֽס»òμأ
½ү˰죬Ȼѣ½үͻˣܣѾã̫үӦˡ
½үæվл硣
㰡̫ˡ½˶ӣ㣬̫үҲųˬǹߵòˡ½үЦͷ
һ½ˬ½үɫͱˣܻŷĶĶ¼ڣͽ¡


219 ۼޣҳ󲻿
ֻ»á½ү˰ͷ
ôǹ˼ڱǸ࣬ǷѾͬĹϵ仰˵˵ǻƽ˾ӡ̫Ȩ˵Ȩڸ׸Իǿһ֡
Ͼȥۣڸֻν֮Ʊ˾Ӿͬ
Ȼӻ˾죬ڸвͬԾִܾУν֮ⲵ
˵ص໥ƺ⣬ͥڸǣƣټԹٵķ£ѳۡǿᱻٹټܿճһ裬Щεζ
գнԪʱ򣬾ȻͶ̫Թϲ½үΪ𺳡Ҫ֪һܹ½Ტ۵ǿˡҲˣͬԼŮֳôһ½һˣûвµԭί֮ǰûҪô
˵ȴӦ½̫үԾġϧǿгоٵԱǼ棬˷磬ͷڻûȬҲκָʾ
ղ½үҲ˵½Σ̫үֻʣһǲƽġ
ǲúõ̽ҲõһЩõĶ˵ڣЩ֮ǰСˡ
ֳ˵ĹϵҴҲ֪һЩ½ү˵ڳɶʱڵһŹŷκ¶ӵ컨˵С£֮һµġһ½һ
˵ͦ˵ģʵҲһ칫һĽɫͷ㣬Ȼͳȫ֣ûǿҲǸͷ
ǻʵյģ½ȴ֪˺ͻʵȴûκιϵҲڳκһɣǸԵĽɫͻᱻġ
ңһָʹѡʵҲѾˣǾѹܵĺǧ
֪֮ҲǴͷͼһլӡҲû棬Ҳ׷ӻһ飬򷢵ɾͬʱϵУ̫ҽסһӣཻ̫ҽΪ˹Ű壬ͬ˭ȡ磬¾Ͳò֪֡컨̰ɣɼڻЩŵġ
һ̫ҽѡ
Ҳǣ̫ҽĹ֣ͬĴٹǶкĽ顣˭ϣչһ䵽ϵġ½үüͷܣƽʱգΪʱһС̫࣬˲ʱ˾ǣסڼѰ˹ȥ֪̫ͬҽ鲻ǳԾϲڣʱһӡ
˵̾ϢһҲյģνĸ䣬ǻƽְԵӲҩĺ;ʳ򣬲ʲôҲԵʣƽûԹ֮ǰþҲǳ⣬ʱ俴ġ֮ǰپһƷһ֮֮ϣӲȥ
½үѽһ˵ˣôȥ̫ҽ
½үĲ˷纮˭ƶһ̫ҽ˵˼ҵĲûд󰭣ֻ農ɣ㲻õġ
ʱ˵Ļϲɫ΢΢һ֡
½ү̾Ϣһû¾ͺãֻ轫ˣϼ£ӦþֻܺҪӲʣڱ̺ˣ½ҲյĻԻ͡ҿܾ˳СǵǷߺƽˣȻƽûκιϵͶֱˡ
ס½үҡͷ
½үֳǹ˼ľݣ
һϾǽͷҽȻپţɴһԪʻͷһ׮¿ơ¶̫׽˳츮ѧƴɡϾ¿ƽԪϵǵӡ
ѧЩ鷳
鷳ǲ£ҪڣҲ֤ݡ֤֣֯Ҳ˵ʲô¾¡½ү΢һ
½үֳ˵а취һкͷ֮ޣһϲɼֳ̲סʣʲô
£ǡ̾һ
ֱֳ޷
¾µʱڣþ֪ˬڵĳ£ʱֵǷ꣬½ҵӿǶˡôˣ浽ʱҪ벻©̸ףҳ󲻿ﰡ
ѵͲˣ½үؽҧҲ͢ǺӶ£ûΪˬڻ˾˻顣򣬷ҼһҪΪ˵Цˡ
ǰ͢ǺӲίˡ̫үˬѡ£Ҳǿ͢µĶغ̫үӲãΪֿһЩ飬Ҳóϲû׼˼һˣͺȫˡ
½үֳһ仰Ϊǣֳ֮ҿ¿Щˡ½ѾӦּңֻҪ͢˾پˬ飬һλ
½үɼдŸɶ֪Լ͢¸ĸǲٰ¡Ҳһµ顣ʱ͢ҲӦˣ½Ҳȥˡ
Сӣ½үдΪϲһСãÿĶջ𡣲ˬ֮͢󣬿϶ȥݵġ
Ȼ͢ϾҪȥԷ٣Ѳһ˵̫үֳˬ϶᲻ߡΪֿԽϵһƬԺӸ͢£ٻׯ԰ȥˬļױסھˡ
Ҳãһиġ½үü䶼
½үܵĲԣôˣʲô
½үˬҵŮ֪ŮĪǸΪġסھǣСֳʲôңҲûȥˡ
½үһе¾һ׮˵ˬ̫ͬүԼֱһģġһͷţҲƫƫǼӡٳ£ҵ͢½
½үݺݵ˵˵㽫ٴ鷳ָԷҲ˲ˣɴཫСֱºˡ˵䣬Ѿڳ֮ΪСͬ½ˡ
½үҡͷ˵С¶ò½ƺڵһš֮ͬҲ˵ˣ̫ү֮ҪӵܽѧãһӪһõѧϰΧҲΪ½˲šֵ
Сʲô½үݺݵ˵һƤЦоƤһ˾ᷳ
ҲǣԪ㲻˲ţʲô˲Ŷ֡Ҫ룬Ϊϸϸ


220 ط
ڼϢһ죬ȵƻ裬˽ȥ½
ȿ½ҵĴʱЩġ
˵ԩ½Ӹн˳츮Ұڶ½ˬСϲԽ˽Ļ
ִҲƽ뵱ڶѧʱ򣬱ŮͬѧȥһгȻҲϲ򣬿ֻϲףгУûŰ
Ů˵һϵһֻǷ񱣼ؼʱΪͬԣܲȥһɤӣһ
ʮӣڶжȹЩгԱļʵ̫°볡ڴɻͣãȫûаͻĵϡ
ͣʱڣصӿһĵõ˱֡
ȻŮ˹סھһͨУڶʧˡ
ԣڿŮʱϲ§סЩʲôڲߣҲӲŮħͷħצûˣԱߵʲôҲᱻŹ
ڷ⽨ᣬһ׮ţӦ˵һ׮š
½ʲôĵطһ˶ڽ£Ź
뵽Щƣ˭˭ˣӺŮħͷûдСѾͷǸɥǣմ˭˭ù
ѾԤе޺磬½ȴܲӵ檱ϾԼֵܵĻ£ڣ
⻹˵ǽԼл½үʹࡣ⽨ִͬʵûʲôйˮ˼Դ˼ҶݣǷʣǶ׳һֱѣΪһʿӣˣǲҪġ
ԣ磬ܲ
˵лʦҲ࣬ڡ½͢º͸߿˽ĸоٵѧ⣬½үʹʱ
ϯ䣬˶ҪǰһһҾл½үʹϼ䣬ȻЩ
վ½ҵĴſڣ΢һ̣һҧҪȥͿ߿˽һһԾߡ
ΪԾЩ߿˽һΣֿ콫סҪſ
һǰúܣϴáһȴ⣬ϵ·ҲϺõĸ񣬺Щͷ
о֮󣬿϶вͷ͵عƾٵǵţһԾȥˣǲͬ
ǰҲ飬һǮںЩңַ͵˰˰飬Ͷܾˡ
л֣ҲǸյ롣߿˽ڣһĹæ˺һ
ֳ׵ȼȻСȴǽͷȻȻسΪһھŵ䣬Ҳٳ˵ʿֵĹءе״Ԫ˵ǿ϶Ľڸ󸨳㲻Ƿ²˵ĴͰذѹȥ㲻ȥͬڵĽʿû˸ұٴ
ã롣ںЦͷͬһȥҲǸղŵģ֪ΰŵġ֮ҲҪȥ½ϲ𣿡
ϲƣʲôϲƣ߿˽һͷˮȻЩΪʲôôʡ
ѵ㲻֪˵½û㣿֣½һͬ߿˽˵ˡ½û߿˽ȥǾĲˡ
Ŷԭ檰½ֺ޸߿˽ֲǴ飬ʲôϲƣ¶ѽ
ⲻǴ𣿡
治ǡ߿˽ЦЦһ˵ֻһΣСȴΡÿһ檾Ͱһξƣ˭ͷ½ͷͬ۾ۣȾ˵ˡ˵檣ǰһֱӴͷģʮ꣬ƻŮͦˮġҲдԼѡ
治ھƾʽЩ
˵ʵڻԷ⽨һ׻ǲ̫Щ档
Ҫʽ𣿡߿˽ЦƮƮ˵һ䣺ҲǸˡ
ͻȻĻЩŮ˿ɲͬĵ¹мĳͻ
ûע⵽ڵı飬߿˽Цղž仰ңҵ¾дһŸҵһͬоˣδȢޡȱһŮˣӣҪ˵һԣ˼ҵŮҲǹˣҲҰˣ
߿˽־㳩Щģ첻
սţһŷӭ˹Цԭү͸үȴ֮磬үүʹûȥأ
һ˵һֵڣȻǻζͬ½С§һʱһĻ
ۣͷ
ԣҲͬ˵ģ˵ǾүǲȻʸĵۡ
̫ˣ߿˽˷ܵش
סش֣˵۵Ʋ¼ĲŮʫʸ踳ǵһƫûò㡣ǰѧ˵ƲĴ֮κ½ҵĵ۲˭ܽȥģңûֲѧֻû֣˵ӣǸ˶
ڳ쵰ȴһ󼤵Լæſƾ١Դϴͬһ֮ûҲ֪ѾõԼͷϲҲ֪Ỷϲʲôӣ
߿˽Žеֵܽ۵飬ֵܻǷǳʣҲЩܵýԪȻȥõġ
ڽͷתһߣǸŷڿȥ𣿡
ŷǹ죺Ҫȥġ
ڣʲôһݣֲõԤС
ߣ߿˽߶Ҹ߿˽Ҳ˾ˣѧȻȲ֣ȴʸȥˡ˵꣬һ̬ͦ
ڱĵöҪˡ
ŷүڿǹȥˣ˹·үԴƬ̡
ôˣ
̫ˣȹȥˡ߿˽˷ܵشסڹ֣֣Сһһ
ϲ̵һȥˡ
ȸ߿˽ȥԶˣŷŵղ½ү˵ǵ㵽ȥԺȱͬһȥϾ½檵ӣ˵Ҫүġ
ڣ˵Ȱл˴үүʹ֮ٹȥ𣿡
ŷӾôģһĸࡣү룬Сǰ·
û취ãͷˡ
ȵ˹ط˺½ӡ½ˬסԺӣûǰȥţͷһǸŷѾһӵԶˡ
ȻѾҲӱܣֻӲͷƤ˽ȥ
սԺӣһ͵Ȼ½Сô
Ӵɿɿ䶼챻šѪˣ½ӵĲҽС
С㣬ſӣ졭Ƕ۵Ľ
Ȼǹط˵ĵǾְɣְɣҸɾһǻۼ˾ˣһȴֳֳ£ңˣ
ʲô£ôͳˣҿ׵ģСǱߣϰڸҽСҪͬʡ
ҵСڣ㻹żڰҲ±֪ط˿Щ檵ʱǧڹ򡭡Ϊ͵ҷҪֱӰڸץ
ɣ½ӵʵڲУһطڸԾƾǣֲһҪԺ
ˡҲáطԵһ
ɣڱ¸˵ˣ½С㻹ǲ
û취վҲǰ취ֻطˡ½֡
ﾲ˶ͬʱ


221 å˭Ҳס
ڣҽд½С־ŭԳ㣡˵꣬һ󼱴ٵĽŲ
Ȼһͨң㰧еС㣬㲻ܳȥԺӶү棬˳ȥȴǺã
ſſңСװףƾʲôͲܼˣ
½ҲеСãͲʡЩˡҲȥҺͽڸҪȥˡڸ磬ڸ磬ߣҵ¾͹
ʲôܣ²˵˭ҲߣСУűһŹˡ
Ȼ½ˬ˳ǱõײײĹطˡ
طԩԩôôµŮ
ţ½ӺͶҲ׷˳
ˣС㣬ӣѾ߾ɷףعſߵϡ
Ҳоһ˿±֣֮û취ͣͻԽԽڡ
֪ﲻǾ֮أæطһҾطˣС㡣½֣أǻǿȥɡ
½ͷǣ͹ȥ
վס½СüҰѻ˵ˣ쵱˵棬ʵ˵½ˬû˽飿
⻰˵˵ڣط˶ʱ۾ףеø֪ߵϣ㲻֪ߣΪﻹ֪ҪңҲûˡ
˵գһͷҪԺеɽײȥ
öһѱסطˣޣˣˣǧ򲻿ɡӿԼģи̣Ҳˡ
ʲôҪʲô֪ߣ½С㱩ף²˵ھ٣ǲûˡڣʵش⡣
СѾͷ۾ȫŭͱˡ
ֱ壬һԹط˵ˣ½С˵ںС׵ģ˽顣ںôҲǾ˳һʥ飬֮£
طֹͣڣ˻ɵ棿
ɫ𾴵ĳСֶƭ㣿
طԥƬ̣ȻµʣǡڷŰ죬ôô˵汧šҶ˵һ뵽һĻطһڣͨ졣
Ҳò˼ˣմҶ˾ƣȻ󡭡ͻȻ˾ˣС㻶ϲ˼㣬һʱѳֲסͱסСֶʵ¡治ҺСġ
ʲôұס㣬㵹ԼƲøɾǲˣ½СһԾɸߣָھһͨǰСǺ˵ƣıЩΡôƿǲռұˣ
ڿƵÿͿˣͻȻôһ£ǾҲѽⲻˣåå˭Ҳס
ʲôû½С˵½ˬҲǸòŮӣѵû֮ģߺߣƭˡ
ԴˣŮǶƣɵȱ𣬵ֶ˵澹Ȼ˵ֻ̫һŮˡƽﱻ½ߵòӣЩ޼ɵˡټ̫࣬Ӹˡ
һ˵һ˵ڣʱ˶òˡ
Ҳѻ죬ƨӻѱ߲أ볩ֵͬܣµͬ˵ôϻҺûκιϵ½ҽҪҪɱܳˣ
ԭ²֣ǲ룬ڳ˰ɣ½ˬͻȻЦסƣ˵©˰ɣ
죬ôħͷˡڳ̾һͻȻǰʱΪСļһŮӣ˼һͨǳʱΡ½СͷֱһִŮ˵ķ档
ǴԽҲǴԽ
ŮԶҲӮ˵ġ
Щɥطһ֣ˣ治ǴСֶԩģСֶˡ
վסŴҵ棬㻹ûǵĹϵ˵أ½ˬװף裿
ΣֻõˣСС㡣ںС׵ģԼ⣬ɫ仨⣬ˮ飬ҵĴҪҪɱˡ
С㿩Цţʶࡣ
½ں泯¶һɫȻ˴Ĵָһʿ꣬Ůħͷ֪˰ɣǹԹͶĺá
ڳһۣӻͳһǮƱݸӣף½ְúϣӡ
Ȼ㬵˳ȥ
½СЦ㿴ˣҺ׵ġҲԺ˺߷ѽⷿ˾ˣ͢Ҳ˾ˣǺãҥġǱһ£ʲô˵ģ
طֿˣˣ½ҵǶˡ


222 Сͻ
˵½˺ֻ򲡺ͷ辢
˵򲡣½Ѿڣʱпܹҵ½ҲúýҲë
ڷ辢½ʵһºͺΪԭúˣһ½ˬԶϿԿڳ֮ϣ½ָʹҲΪƣӲ׵ˡһ棬飬ʲô鶼ó
꣬ʹʧ𣬼ξʵ۱档˶ҽȥˡ½ָӣ辢һͲܲ˵ȥ˾ȼ֮
½ˬûеõŴ½ӷȴѧʮ㡣
ˣ½ˬ˵ϯطŮͬûκιϸвһɡǣŮһСңȻ˵˵Щˣֻ޲ˮϴɾ
ٷչȥεˣ
һ׮ȥˣһ׮
ùط˱ʤʹ
һӵϣëĵëȰοȰοƽȥŻЪϢȥˡ
Ժƽ½ȥۣȴ½ˬһסһ£лͬ˵ж㣬Ҳһ¡
Ҳ֪ŮħͷǺѵģȴҲȥֻúͶһȥ
ݣղһ֣ͨ½ˬմЩҡ
æˮӸ½Сšë
æ½Сָָǽڱһ̴ľӵӣЩΣǮʲôģһ𣬴ԼҲҸȥȫˣǮƱ
½һӣ㻻ôʲôʲôѽ
½СһۣЩʲôǲһǮ˽
һ޽䵽˵ϡ
½ӣɣ˽ʲôѽڸã˼ҰԪǰ;ԶûǴˣôǺ𣿲УУݺݵȭͷ
꣬˭˵Ҫͬ˽ˣҲͬ𣿡½СЦ
æڵϣС㣬ѽѽ
ţû˵꣬żʲô
ǡŴӵվ
½ӣСãô£
½С㣺̸㣬ʲôʱȥ㣿𣿡
½ӵ˸㶼תʹ˾йٵĹְĲμĽʿƿԣҲ뿪ȥˡ
˾Ǿ˵ʵϣְλȫǽ㽭תʹ˾й١ҪִὭա㽭͸γۺ䣬ʹǶƷԱͬ⽮ִйҲƷպüǧζȨƼ󡣱һνλʲôĶ硣˵еʵǵТ̰һЩһӵҲܼŵġ
Ϊְλ½˵ǽͷµȨƶþˣɼ½Ӻͳ谮
½ӻشѾˣȰл֮ͻ¡תݣӾǳư¾͵
һһڣȥ½С˫ĿŹ⡣
½оһ˿ãҪ˵Сʣ磬˭һȥȥȥ
½ӻش˵ȻҪȥģֲһĸĸ٣ԴҾġ˵һ뱧ӣ㲻ȥƨ
⻰ߵýͷȥüĿ֮ȴϲɫ
أ½Сʡ
½ӻش˵ôСӺһܼң̹ܼҪһȥġ
̹ܼҲȥ˵ǲ
½⣬ҴѧѡһģûоٵȥĻţžˡСЩʲôΪʲôҪλǮƱ
԰ʲôΰ˵κӣúܣҪһסСһİƣôˣʡô鷳
½ӺͶ㶼Ŵ͡
ã½ڳԣҪ͵͵ͬһȥݡϾҪ͢³˰
ףƾ͢£ΣСһСɿһαӣװģġǰôͽ½һ¼Ͷˣϼôˣͬһߡ
ǣǡ
ǺǣǰǼҲãñΪҺ˽ˡһҵˣ˿϶ȥҪһȥ֪Ҫʱ䡣ȵѾ˳˳ˮˣ˼СЦ
УУҼӦ½ͷڵúͲ˹һСãǰòκֻ֣ҪȴҲɵ㡣ȴЦģϲСԺҲҪ£ҵĸףС
Уôǣڸ磬˼֮ܲԩ˲


223 Ӧòʲô
ŮħͷˣŶͷϵһ½ߵصۡ
ǰ½ˬ˵ǶλܾǲʵʵĿЦ֮½С쭣ϵıյˤ˹
½Ӵ󲡳ʱ־أһʱС
ڣͷǸ۵ûƤһѪ棬ɾͳˡ
Цôȥݡôˣ˲֪ἱʲôӣҲ˵ˣȵñɡ
ϾСѾ͢µģƹ˶þͻ飬˿ǴӦ˼ңһ͢оٶӭȢŮħͷô÷ڡ˳ȥ½һкڳ㡣
Ȼ½͢˺ܲ˳ۣҲԸ⽫Ӽ޹ȥɼȻôˣýƸ¾ûлء
˭зӣ
½ȻҲǸֻʵӣɴϻǿġִ治飬ȴõġ
У˼ҽڸ壬½н죬ǰ͡ҵĲѧ˵õڶǶһ飬Ҳвˡû´϶ĸһֵĹؽڡƳ׿ɱͷڸΪֵܣȥˡ꣬ǷҲˡ
ŮħͷȻ뽫˽ͷϣ˲
ţԲôҵðˡ
ȭͷ½һȴָоͷϻġ
Ȼȥʹ󲮼档
룬ۺһСϪǴȪˮΪȪˮǰĶˮֳĵ׷
˿Ѿ죬ӶѾոϣҿˣһƬС
Ϫˮţע븮еĺ
½ۺȥϪˮһ¶ͷͷϵĺȥһЩ
֣ڵ𣺡ˣ¡ʱڣɪƫƫһƬⰻȻҲ½еһͻȻһӡ緭񷭷硯Ҳϡ
½ΪڷԼкЦ߳ȥЦ˵ڸ磬Ȼв֮ǵ˽˭֪˭קʲôģҵǰбҪ𣿡
ɾʱͻȻ䣬иŮӵĺɣʲô
ǸŮӣ˭أ½к棬ͷ̽ȥͿһžգһϮˮµۣƲ˭
ֻƲ΢ЦſڣĿȫǻϲúҪ͸ˣ΢΢һŮӡ
½һ𣺡˽ͨģղŴһΪڸŮħͷ˽ͨ벻ȴӣڸ磬֪͵˲ӵķġ
ǣѩӳ÷÷ӳѩ
ǲԵùƫƫдһɶů縧ҰζƲ΢Цӣҵּ÷Ҳ꣬ȵ÷ţ⸱ˡ
ֻ¿ˡȴһЦȰҲ÷ϲŪլӣڳһڳٽڳں¶ѳСɽһȡһ֣Ǹڴ÷ͷҲֻѴǲɰӡ
һ÷ͷ÷ͷ˼õӡƲ̾Ϣһʿ꣬Ҳֻ֪һֲʵʵĻ룬Ҳֻˡ
ʿꡭʲôʱôˣԱ͵½󾪡
ġڹһЦ涼ţѾƽԪϾǻԣ˽ʿȥŰɣҲǼµʱѡ
ȹϲʿнԪʿƵ˵׼ҲΪĵġʿˣ
嵶ңһץס֣ѵ㲻ң
ӼýгͷһײһϣҶ׷¡
ںƲûз֡
ƲͻȻһ죬ͷȥεȻȻʿġˣеĴԣ½СʿĽ
˵꣬ЦЦؿڡ
ҲЦһСŮ޶ѣ½ӵСãҲڵСã£˵ˣһϲдҷ緶Ůӡ½ˬŮħͷ˭ǣ͢ͷȥɣ
Ŷԭʿϲҹ㰡¿ƾˣûжףҲ֪жٴ󸻴֮ҽŹף֪ʿѡһңС΢Ц
ڣ¿Уѡ½ҵ۵Ǹá
˵꣬͹Ц嵶֪ƼλүûУҲ֪ʲôΡ
Ʋү󶼺ܸ˵ӣԼʿ֣Ƚȥˡ˵꣬ڵ֣תۡ
½үҵ֣ʲô°ôأ°ͣЦЦ
С뿪תͷ½ЦӣݵûУɣͿˡ


224 ʿδɼҰ
ڸ磬ʲôеݣ½Щɻʡ
Լ˵˳죬֧䣬ǽһ׮ҹ
ڸ磬ʲôʱͬƲˡӻЦ˹ڣǲյ֮󰡡磬
ȥģڵģһһˣ˵ӡЦЦʵ˵Щ
˵꣬ҲͽԼСлԼԼƼΪӡ鱻һͬ½˵ˡ
½ӾȵŴ죬ŵԭˣǰҲԼ֪ڸͬƼйϵȴԭƲδ򡣰鷳ˡѾ˹ӣһڸҪԶصȥ
ЩأΪչܹӵġ
֮£½ӽڸ磬˶ôȥ
ڣ㸸׺ʹ󲮣дˣġ͢¡߿˽ҲˣΪȱһڵءͬҲ˵һƣԳߡ
ǺƲĻɣڻЦߣǽȥɡ
лʦȻ˲࣬ڵȴҲԵ
½ѧĸ¿ƾΪйģҲùݣֻǰʱ½үҾ˵ЩлЯĻ
˷ֱ˼䣬ָЩǡ
ÿһһľֽ½үÿʮӵĲͷ
ڶ½үûʲôøУʱնԼĽ̵뵽Ӵ֮Ҫ뿪½ѧδЩѹ
оЩѧҵʦͬѧǵΣ΢˸С
ˣ½Ӻ͢±½ˣûָдڸ߿˽ȫ˼䵽ϣסСʣʲôʱѽôѽ
ʵŭ
лʦʽ֮ʽʼ
ĳ½ү½Ǹˣ˶ǿƾٳ֮أȻ񷢰ɽ亣ζɾ졣
ҲǼ̣һζѵıơ
̴ȼ𣬺Ųڴƿ÷һ
ò׵ȵ嵳ȴǸƬḧ٣һ嵭ƽ͵ġˮơ
߿˽סŲӳȥȴοһץȫȻûжӦеݡ
ֺ˼ھƣ˵˰컰˼ӣǽˡ
߿˽ΪûСݣвᣬȴֻεվҾȻʧظǶȥ
½ӶԹûȤ˰죬Ͳͷˣ½үʹһʩ񣺡󲮡״ˡ½ȥҲ½֣һ߰ɡ
Ҫȥڡ
ڽҪͬС˵仰ĿѾﵽҲҲվλүڸˡ
ү࿴һۣţ½ү½ӻ˻ӣСҪԼȥǣ͢Ҳ߰ɣͬʿл˵
˵꣬͸Цʿ¡ЦԵúܴ飬ͬһ¸صߡ
׵̬˺Ͱ½һһȥ͢ȥʱݺݵضһۣȫԹ
ǡ£֡½үһԼûʲôôС
ֳ˿˿
½ү촩㣬һװһ²ؼģ۾ֻʳָСӡ
ڴȴЦЦԵù졣
ʶЩԣƣ˷ҪͬԼ˽̸
ѵΪ½С£
йסЩΡ
ĥŵ¸λػ½ү˵ˣʿεͷԪϲɺء˵Ҳ½ѧȥģҫҲ½ҵĹʡĲѧдϢʮ˰ɡ
ǣڽʮ
ţСС;˽Ԫ˵øʿӴ˽˹ٳǰ;Ȼ˵ܳࡣٳϵ飬˲ܣõģ½ҷ֣Ȼ˳࡭˵˰죬½үͻȻʣʿδɼҰɣ
Ĺһ٣ȻСҲо˲ԡ
һ֪½үϾͻ˵½С¡ض豭һڣ½С㱾׵ġ˿̣Ե򶨣ûУҸǰȥҪТꡣ֮Ҫμӿƾ١˵Сû£ǶҪȴϡ
˵Ҳ֣⻰½үȴ˵ص˵ͷʿ֪ѧҵΪҺοҲйſѵûף
룺û׻治֪һ쵽ûعңУҲ϶ᱻӸϳȥ
½үͻȻ˵£ʲô
ѵԼ½СţΪ˼ҳ½Сڡ
⡭ɾˡ


225 
ԣġ
ѾԿ϶һˡ
֮ô룬ʵҲ⡣ȣԼͬ½Сڴ֮ͥ§һڷ⽨ν˷绯½ҪԼ鷳Ҳ˵ִŽأֻ轫Լһץ֯һ񣬾͹һġ
ȥӲҪ˳츮ѧһһ˷绯ܹڵĹ
ȻҪȥ½ҵǳ׵Ļˡ
ҲǳٳٲڵԵʡ
ȻѾ˽ûв͸ǽһᴫȥġ
ǰҪǰ¸
Ҳ½С޸ڣѴ취ɣ
ǣŮħͷ
һ뵽ŮħͷӴԺҪԼߣղͣڣھŵúëֱ
ңС
ɫ䣬æش˵үûסȥ˵ūδ𣬺ԼΪǰѾԣнʿסһ˼ңܵǣʲô飿
仰˵꣬һƳ»ͺСЦ
ʶ˵ʲôԱߣͻȻһЦһӣʿ꣬صѧо仰ô˵ģҡιƽ¡ұˣ޲ޡ롢Ρƽ·ȥԼƷ£ΪȴΪҪһƽһһһҲǵӦ֡ʹأʹʶԣͬвнʿͻҲڴˡǰ·ϣΪʦͬ½λү׼˵һ¡ʿûýװɡ
⻰һ˵ڣھһĲˮ˳СҲǵͺһͣ
ڰȻˣ鵱СᣬⲻǡǸ½С㣬Ƕ϶òġַŮӣ˭ȢȻ˵ٷܶʮ꣬ɾԻٻʮꡣ
ӻҪģ¾ܾʱίЩ
ͽӷ£λүʹ˿ڣѧимȴ֪ļҵĹ
½ү࿴һۡ
ҡͷϾϵ£ãöү˵ɡ
ﵹǺЦ½С½үŮŮĻ£ȴҪ׵Գ㶨ɼ½Ϊֳ׮֮󣬼ʲôӣӶˡ
Ҳã½һ򽾺ᣬһɫҲһ֮¡
΢΢Щ⣬΢΢һЦˣͶл½үˣ׼
ȴԹ
½үӦҲһˮչ˵ʿΪ˿ѣдһۻĺ²˵һҲʦ緶Щʱ֮ķɡ̹֮꣬ΪʿּѻҲǸŵ֮ˣҲòô񡣽գȴѾǹˣȿ
һô½ˬҲˣԣԣҸ½С֣Ѳųɹϵǰͷˣ
һоЩŹ֡
û˵½үŤͷ⺰һ
ɫ䣬һͦȭͷס
ˡһԲĶʮѾͷڣƤ۾СüʡԲƣƫƫӺ촽öĿ
һʩ񣺡λү
½ү΢Цŵͷɡ
ֶ˵λǷֶŮȻʹЩȴ˳Ǹִҵġʿ꣬Ȼ㻹ûгףͽ˵㡣ȥý˵װɣ˵ˣҲȱǮҲҪʲôƸ෴һׯ԰Ȼ΢Ц½үȴһ˿ġ
ǴΪ֪̾Ϣһεؽͷȥ
֮꣡С̲סЦһµ
Щ㶫ֵζ֪ǡߡǡϲ󡷣ǡס
ȻǸִˣҲͨɱŭˣһ쵽˲ӴѾǶʮģͷŮʮҪܻɸʣŮģҲһ׮¡
½үȻԼ˵ôһ£Щˡ
Ҳòӣ¿ƽԪ½ҾȻָ˸Ѿģ˸ңҪҳףҵǸеūͿ
ڲŭЦү˵ú°
ôʿ겻Ը⣿֪ȢȢֶͣŮҲǸСұ½ҵݣ֮ϡ½үҲ÷ֶŮʵڳû۾
µþˡ
ԴŮͬڵ˵汧һ֮½үĶˣ߲ԽεлƽͻȻھߣҲҵ
֮½үҲȥʹ½ˬ
ʻãһʣ½ˬһûµӣˤ˾
½ү֪̫ү谮ŮڸеλԼߡǸ֮ˣ涯üҷСֻͻ㵽̫үȥ˭Ҳûޡ
֮£½үֻط˶Ůϼҹƿͨ˰졣
طֻǿޣ޵ĳҪԴȥײǽ
ֶҡ
ֳֳͬ˵ҲǸ˲ţδв˽ʿδûдϢ½ҡ˵иֶŮڸУڣס
Ҳ̰½ȨƣͬС˽ͨġֻҪ޸ڣָլӺأ¸߹ٺ»С㽫˶ˡ
ʱپС޸͢£Ȼͺ庣̡
տʼﻹԸ⣬˵ں½ˬףԼֶŮ޹ȥûš
½үһ˭檣СѾǸˡ̧һλҪ檣˭סֶŮ޸ôҲӣ˽ʿδزھˡȺ£ȥͷʶ̡
ˣŽ˵ˡ
ڿ½үĵ飬ŭػش𣺡ֻҪүˡ
½үû˵ԱߵĴȲ̲סˣ˳½ү½ǣø⺺Ӱ⡣ûƤҲףܲܰð
Ȳˡ
Ҳ̲סΪ½ǹŪһѾͷԼкյͷ֮ޡƿڴȥģѾͷӣҽ½ˬȢүӦȥʦӦϼס
£ֿڶˣ½үΪŮ˽ͨҽˣôϼһ
ϼ˶ŵһݡ
֮С֪˵ʱ̲סꡱһЦҲһˡ
½ү촽һ󵨣ʲôݣһССľˡھǴѡľˣûһҲаǧҲȢˬ


226 Ϊ״Խ׼鵥
һֱڱĿµ½ү½͵۾С㻹湻ģʦӦϼȻҲЩȴһƷй١վҪţڳУҲ㡣½ƴ鷳ҲҪ¡
ڸղһ֮ͨѾŭˣϾִƽõͷĿ֮дһɱ
һʱ
ʱһд󾪡ƽռʱ򣬶еѧһͬʣҵòãѧʱ򣬸÷ʱһ档
ʵȴǸ߿һ۵ġ
ô˵أƽ￴Ҳۣȴѵõʱͨʵдĺ͹оĽǽΪ٣һѵõܳ
ѧ˵ԣ½ҪڵһλȴĸҲǲͨطӡ
ڣонʿδǰ̲ϧڰ˹ȻЩܣƳϵżȻʵ̫࣬вУȴ˵
Ȼ˽ԪôʱͬʱҲ⣬ѧʦ棬ͷھꡣ
񣬿½˼ȻҪ£ȥ
ʱˣһӣŭȣ˵ʲôʻСװף˻ڣȥ½δ棿̫үأ֮£һҲġҲǶʥģƽô̵ġµоûоûУɺҳϡѧһٰٲ˵ġ
ʱ仰˵ĺмɣһ侲ҪҳԼ½С˽飬ֻ¾Ҫˣ½λүСҪ½ҵҪڲҪ½ֻ¾ҪΪǴٹǿеЦˡ˵½̫үͿɾڰɡڵˣ½ҵһҲҪ군
˵꣬һָڣ
Ҳ֪Լղһʱ˵˻ҲǺڡ
ԼԲҲǸм
ɱϣװߵӣ͵վ󲽳ȥһһߴЦҲһССľˣ½ҵͲʲô⣬ҵù
ˣǳͬ½Ҿˡ
½ңҲͶԴĻмͬ½ֵͬܣˡߺߡ
½ү֪Ǹ׵ϯң˵Ļ½ұ˻áĳ˵Ļ½Ļ
һѣҲɥٲô
˶ûҲסڴȣһССľ˶ѣ˽ʿڿ񲻳٣
ڵıӰҲѹصĵӣ½ҵĴЯʮ꣬ؽΪ½ҵһ¾ǻǰһ½Һԣľ飬үδزܴáʱ֮½ң֮ԡ
˵ʲôˡ
½ʱеһؼ֮Ҳڽͬھǵ룬еĻһˣпд֣׼Ĵǡ
ʿƵĿѾˣҲ졣ʱܹнʿ̳һһľӢˣѧһھ©ƣⲻҪЦңʱΪûơѧϵ֪ʶҲĿȫǣʶˣòϡ
ڵץһʱúöһ¡
ΪŶ飬żԽִҲץһʱ䱳õ֪ʶ
˵λִڷʱԽزܿ
ȣԽȥĴԽԽ١ңִһҲԽԽʵһδȥʱμһελ֯ʮӣȻûһ۵ĸо
ǳУʱ򣬲СıһСӭϣֱߵõڵϡһС׵úһƤ
͵ҽԺȥһƬӣ˵ǹѣҪ¡
˵Ҳ֣˵ʱȻһҲоʹͷβͺڿһӾ硣
һ˵״ԽԽԽˣҲҲȥˡ
ʵϣѾϰȻûеԵӵƵ绰һж⡣ؼǣ磬ԼĿ꣬Ϊ˷ִܶ򣬻Ե
˻ľһӾѡԶ硣
Ȼʶ״ԽԽԽھͳʱûĥһԼʲôû׼׵
ʲ໥֪ͨʶ־ޡ
˵ףܹ֮÷ˮ𣬿Ƕʷ֪Ⱦͳǿļ䡣ܹǰ֪ԵԵп⣬ǰù졣
һ㣬Ϊø״ԪҲһ¡
˽ʿٳǿʼʮܹ꣬ʮ꣬ʮꡣ
һԣⳡȴǰõĿʹ𰸣Ҫƾ汾һһؽ
ڣĿǡ֡
ԽҲģãֻá
ƾϵĶѾ׼׵ˣѧ֪ʶҲ𽥻ۣһڹŴҲܲΡִѧѧͿѧ֪ʶڹŴҲûѧȥһץʱִ硣
ܿ죬ھ͸Լһ鵥
ȡѧҼѧġѧαҪˣҲ⣬СѧžͼҼѧ鼮˹ɶʲôĶҪ
ȻЩ֪ʶۻΪʵʻкܳ·ҪߣһʱҲδõϡ
ܹã̸ıʱģÿҵ
ǰҲûٿܿʷ顣
뵽ľǴԽ죬ȻСˮ೧СʲôģЩĿƼˮƽԺ׵ؾͱƳ
ΪˣѰŵСҵ̣һһˡ
˵䲻ĻԼ;Ҳڼ羭̰쳧ɵй
ΪѰĶȽңտʼʱҲ׼򣬲֪ˮżȻĻῴ˼˼ȺܿС˵硶ٸ硶ʧһĶͬ
һһĲҵĲǿϧˡ
ʱڸоԼһỤʲôϣҵسǿ֢ˡ
ִȣʱûκθоɻص֮ھͲˣ۵ǽһĶǣҲöӲסᡣ
ִѾҽʲô·ЩѣҪһȡ
⣬ҪȬҲ˶ʱ䡣
ֻΪУڲôţҲû취ȥ½ӡ
ʮԺ󣬳ְ͢ˣ½˴ݣȥκӡߵŹ˵Ϊ岻ãͲȥˡ괺֮ʱ䣬ȥѰˣӡ
ҲǸƷĹ٣ھȻۣɵطȴȥˣͷȨбǮʵһ
ͬʱӦϼҲˣȥɽϸ֪Ǹ󸮣ѾЩ󣬹ξ͸ҲԲˡ
Ҳˣֽȥһݷĳǡ
鱳ϡ
ڼ죬һװС̫ţ˵ǻƽģȥ档


227 گԿʼ
ϻƸʲôҹȥ棿ڲסͷ
գ
Դӵһѩ֮󣬳ʮ̫
ҹͻȻ¶ëѩװعԵ÷次
ǰǱˣֻоˬϧСȻЩۣͳſѩȥˡ
羰ϻҹȥѩɣЩգ˼ڶʱЩͲס
ϻƹ룬˼ϯ࣬òȥ
Ҫȥ
ȵȣ˻ûкãôܡҲǵġһͨԹŪЩΡ
⼸գûеܣմڼСӿڵȣȻѹȴоʵֻ࣬þôŹӣȴ˼õսš
β֪˼һЦӣģһȥǡҲ÷ˣѵͲȥߡ
Ӻһ浱ŸȥˣӣǷĲأȻ˵װͰ͵ģüȴ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ΪӦвѩ浽ͷȴЩʧ
طλڱߵıˣŸںλڱĵشͷطܻƧũԶԶػܿһСӣӱȴһƬѹѹɭֻ֣̬ϧֵ¡϶һƬѩһƬݻƵҰݣͺͷһ㡣ľҶӣͺͺӭ磬Ե÷ǳɪ
˵طںҲǳ֣2008˻İģڱԱ߾Ǵˮ񳲡
ȻرԽҪİٶŻ֡
걱˻ʱҲĹһӣ֪Ρ
һۣʼ䡣ռһƽףɽŵʵƻֺĽȺһĸóԺ䡣
ȥŷªúܣȫǰΰҪĵöû깤ܶطҲЩƾɣԷξʵ۵ľò˶١
һĺǽߣȴԵú˷ܡվɽǰſǿ˰졣
СѾͷϷˣƽһοѩݻƵľһж͸ʡ
ƽԼ棬ȴûˡм̫ģ˻˱£һһվţ⣬ȴԼн䱸ļơ
Ҳ⣬˼һ̫Ͼ࣬棬ⱣȫȻҪ
̫ڶʶ⼸˿֡
ǰȥʣƹûС
ʻǸ̫һ䵭ƹûԼڹš
ΣֻôŶӽ˵ۣ棬ֻƬ̾ͽĸԺӿˣ൱Ȥ
ʵ̫䣬ҲûοͣͯӶżŵġ
оЩ䣬ȥҸܱܷ磬ȵʲôġ
ɶȴֱܽϵҵؿıϼԪϴЦݣ૵˵ԭԭ
ڵˣʣʲôԭ
ӣӣǰȻûȴ顣⾩һ֮Ϊ嶥ׯжֱ⣬⣬
Ķ䶼ʮСһĸ׽áһĸ״Ůȥ϶Ҫϴ㰸ɣĸסĵʿȰ˵Ҫȥһиģˡ˭֪λһ裬ͳĸױʹ֮ʣµȥ䱱˷ˣ˱ĸֻôŮؼң˭֪ڹ;ҪĸִӦˣΪ
˵ӳǰһǺ棬η塣ڰʣӣ˵𣿡
ڹһЦôܡ
ʱĺſתˣһҲЦҽһõ˵壬ǼеļȮҲһңڣ²ɣǷҵ˵ǵҿɲһס
תͷһǼξʵۺͶ˾ϯ̫º顣
ξʵһĺ޲ֻۣܱһģз
һ濹
ξͷϻһڣһѸڴԵƮޱȡ
ڳº飬裬һǸĺ֮ˣҲͬʿ磬ֻϧü񣬸ѩһӷ׿Ц
һ׹ʲô棬ǻʵ۵گԡ
ʼ䣬һͨĵۡɼξ꣬Ϊξĸ׷ǳϲķ羰㻹Ըʲôġûʵ۲һʿӴάޣö֮ͱ˻ʼҵۡһӵ۴ϵҶ飺뷽еǸ뷡ܿ
ѹܹξʵۣʵگԼһˡ
ڻ֣ʵҪԼֱ˽ԷǣֺαŪô鷳
ڻæһҾڼ¹ǰӻƹ棬ȴɣ˳ϻ̳Ͽ֡
ǿеɻ󣬼ξһӴ䣬öӣƽˣ﹩һġ¾չ˵㵽ˣ͹봫ȥģﶼˡҲˣ档
ûȼξ˵꣬ԱߵĶӾ;һۣɣɰ
ǰȥϲסͷϴˣǧҼҹӴ󸻴彡нʿ
ȥ¹ڴ󾪣ԼûüرܣֻҪ㡣
ԱߣºҲɫһ䣬ɱ󵨣ͽճɷȭļơ
ͻƽһҲȭ֣Ҳƹܶǿ
ξȴǳº˰֣ɫʶӣСŮʲôطɵģ
̧ͷþĿ⿴żξɣ㴩úʵѾֽŷľͨ˴˼Ҵô·ֻʱͽˣһʱԶȴ̸ЦǺ֣ǲ𣿡
һ仰ɦξʵ۵ɵȥˣҲоˣʱϲ´멣źƫƫǿ±ԳԼ볣˵Ĳͬ
£ʵ۹һЦСѾͷۼ⣬ʲô֣
æصĻжӣҵѾߣ¡
ǸŮӣЩǸĹ佱һ䣬ξЦԶӵûҾɣĵѾˡҹӴ󸻴彡ʲôģɱӲˡһнжΪ
ӻϲȦˣɱӣӽ˽ʿ㡣
ξЦøһӣӣȡúáɶ˻ڡһ̣δزɳֻȥɣͬҹӻлҪ˵
ǣּֿһͷȥ
ºҲȥ
а
ξϥϣڣѾҲĦ˺һӡڣôӣȻôһ⣿ٻʲôģԿɱ㡣ɽ˵һжҪᡣ


228 ŪɳĹؼ
ξĻ˵úƽҲ쳣ƽһɭɭζ
仰а˼һҲԲ׼Ҫڽ͡˵⣬Ȼڵģ˵òãٺ٣вġ
Ȼ֪Լϵµ֮
˵ף˵Ķȫհĩƶȡطսùؿȡҵ˰ûдռá
һٴȻó͢սڼ䲻ûһǮãɺҲصġҪ˵ӵĺڸеɹҲͳһ˵ǰߵʿÿһ·ԵÿһʳӺ󷽣ɵϵӦ
ˣͿòȨǿԾӵĿơ
ƶһ˰Ȩ֮󣬾һץ϶Գ̶͢½Ϊ㣬˭³٣
Ľǡݡ
Ȼˡ
ξʵۿɲǻ裬ȨεͨȴҪ֣β֪е
ĳۣһ䡰Ļϲ⣬Ŀµٲ
ʵۺǰʱһ𣬼ϲڵʺС˵Ҳ˽⡣֪ڲһССľˣͬиҲûκιϸҲܳ˵⡣
˲ûеܻڣ̽еϸڡ
ƶȹϵʵ̫󣬺пһӴľ¼ţƣСƴǿطǿ֦ƶȵһַ췭ظݣҲΪ
Ϊˣξʵ۾ԷĿڶ࣬ԾͽگԵĳڱ
ξڣȴЩȻ˵޵ǰˣ˵ֻͨˡвͨԺҲᣬҵϸܡ֪ⲻͬķˡ
Ӭ޷ĵһñ֪涯Ĺ롣
̲סһüһϧڰڣҲ֪޳㡣ƽ̺ޣддʣ£˽ʿ޿϶иõȥκΡãվͿھʲô֮һ֮նж߲ۡ

ڵȻ֪е˵ʵڻξʵۻǴһͻȻϮˣֻˣ߱һ仰ŵû겻塣
ڱϾһִˣڵȼνȨһ档⼸ҲԤȴĦگʱ˵ʵۣи塣
Ҳη壬ȴһЦǸСˣεºܣҸ⡣ֻθǰߵľ״ижʵشˡڸ˵ֻҪ֮ܽȴҲ˲ˡ
ξһƽȴŤͷ⿴ȥ
һѩͻȻƮƮ
º黹׺ȴ£ͬ壬ʵ̫䣬ûбܷݣ¯źá
ԼǾöվԺҲүڵگԡºӦһ䣬תԱߵһ
綬ѩ˼ʱڡλʮ꣬ûһйʵȴһһĿ¡ξΪһ仰˵ʮ޵ڸĹԱһһ磬ܶ˵ֶǲˡлٱڴĦĵģ޴͸ġνһ٣ɫɫôˣֱ֮֮޲ͼһ״򶯵֮ģͼ֮١޿þˣҲˡлֱ˵ҪŪͷ
ξ⻰˵ѾЩˡ
ڱ΢΢ǵ͹˼ξ̡ΪԼ˵һЩʲôӺνӾѧ׻󻰣ܽʵ۸ƹȥȴ룬ξʵλʮ꣬ʲôûܹ쵽ʵߵĳ͢س˭ʱ˼ӡûֱ£ҪǸܿˡ
˵¹ʣ˵̣ڸͲ
Ҫ͹ۣˣֶΣԼ̹֮֮
Ϊһִˣڳ˵ļʶͶʷ֪Ⱦ
κͼڼξǰڲŵΪעʧܡ
һҲϻֱʣǷһ˲ȨͲƣɴ󻼣
ξû뵽˵ֱӣһʱЩԤ벻ĳӼսսÿһ仰ҪòŸ˵ڡң˵ĻŪú¶ܶʱ򣬻ʵۺͳ֮گԸǴգҪôȻأҪôҶһͷˮҲ˭°ѱ
һףþ죬Ǹи֡
ôͬԼ˵üξ΢΢죬һɫѿ
ģԼ˼Ӳ³
Ҳʼ˵Խ֮һΣǽԼһŪɸɳĹؼ

ѩھţ¡ı־
ھ뱱ǧĵطһ磬Ұ
ȥһƬؿտˣͬ¡ǼùͺͺİԵüȡ
˺ȴдֻԵ֡
Լʵ̫󣬴ֻеĺҹźӣرȥȥ̴
ѾǴ˺ӵݶΣӾǳһ·̴ûжϹ
һγţһжԵȤն½˵ֱáûԺЩĶǵĸ¹ϵ˼ԼһĹүүغֱͣš
⻹ǿʼһһһ֮أΪʹ˾й٣Ȩһ仰ܾһɵй̵衣ʱǹЩζˡ
ҪǣԴӳ֮ûԼʲô͸ʲôҲ
ֻǡ
ͷһһҸںĶ㣬ȴ΢΢һ̾Щͷۡ
СŮ˸ͬԼԲ󣬳Խؿü֮һβסϲɫҲǧ˳ֻʳһ׮϶½ƵüϡһŲһڲ￴һǣͬ˲β͵è˵ͷ
ϵĴҲ֪½ү𣬼⣬ĳի
ʵ̲סˣͣļ϶͵͵ܵϵľƹ
ˮڵ̹⣬Щ¶ڸ첲ȴԶ滻ռ±ӣ˶񾭲ˡ
⣬
½ȥΣеĳ˶㣬г̹ܼҺū͡Ҳ˵ˣ̹ܼլˣʮ꣬һ򲻵־ȥǱķ䡣ͷǸ֮ˣҲ¡
⣬ͬеĻһĵţ½ѧͬմЩסѧҵܲоʦүȥݷơһϴ£ε߻أڴš
ʲôѽ½춹ײˣˮ޶ˡȻ֪ҲǰʣлǱһ˿롣
үҪ
ѵͲܼӵ⣬ʵڲУŪҲ԰
үܰ
һʧ
ʱһŨţζӲﴫ
£½ĿˮȴƲסдϲһѱס㣺㣬ҵľˣ֪ˣ
㱻ɷһѱסһȣȴ͸ˡҵس¿ãΧǰããĴҲᱻ˿
⼸գӶ֮Ϊ£ֻٳöãӹǲֻ޲ˮ·ٳЩԶûоͷźá
ӻ´Ƭ̣ѹɫһ䣬͵ƿ½;ȵؽһ˭ţ⣬֪үֶ𣿡
ôģҲǲ졣
治ң˰ͷŭһǴϵǲ֪ôءΪ˸ûйүһӣͷնúúù̹ܽܽǣүҲܣ
˵꣬ͼسȥŭ˭˭ţ⣡
˵ǶΪԼ׼緹½ʧ̲ס̾һ
ɾʱȴ㾪춯صĴôᣬô
ż𾪺η塣
½Ϊʲô£һҲ˽ȥ
ȴеĵذһɺɫĵ̺Ÿɫ̣һ󲧰ܲţ⡣
һţⶼϺõıⵣϡãְ͸״滹һɫţ͡ѩ׵ܲɫʷ˱ǡ
½ˬ½Сϥڵ̺ϣһֻţ۾ƱĹӣһ
Ǹɪʹسǽ꣺С㣬ơƣȴǡȴǡò𡣡
СԵЩ࣬ΪǱЦȴԵûڡ
Сã㣬㣡½Ӹ߸ߵ
ôų磬㻹Ǹ𣿡СһоƣСѾ΢죬ϵļȸҲûӳģѾĴˡ࣬䣬ֳ
ӵϣ½СתͷԶ㣬׼һͰˮЩɾ·СҪԡ¡ãյûа׷ѡ


229 ջ

һҲϻֱʣǷһ˲ȨͲƣɴ󻼣
˵ֱӵĻЩš
һεùȥ
˵ףڻǲһŪ購
ȣĿǻĹٶ飬ƾ;ˡĹټŲǾκǻȨҲҪԼڴһʼͽԼλһ˷ʽԼķչмӰ졣
νһһξʵûûˡȵ¾ǻҲûʲôˡ
ԣĿǰҪһиʿõ뺲Ժʸ񣻶̳ϷԼһӰ졣
ΪһִˣϰôơŪɣ׾лֱ˵ˡ
ξУȨıԣŽǰ̫ͳ档Լô˵ȻĲ죬еĵȴӦס
ԣҲ˲üξѿɫֻôȷʵе˾ٲȨ֮ߡƶֻΪϽˣһƽңͿȡѲɣսƽ֮󣬳͢ڽϱʮ򳣱ɣ
ȷʵֶսµĺֱܵܶžͲһĻбͷΣΪⳡսۣɳطһսܶžͻ
峯ʵеǶơܶѲУܶͳȫ֣Ѳֵط
Ȩ֮ߣξɫЩһ룬ȷʵֱܶʱԳҲ˾ôȨ֮ӵأи֮£һҵս¡ڸΪʡǮҲմ˰´ˡЩ˿ɾأ
ʵЦһһҪǮˣҪˣһɥȣ캰޵ͷ
ξķ߸ڿ⣬ͬĲƶһϵÿµͷһ죬ڸ˾࣬ټϻʵ۾ͻһһĲԤ㡣ţطҪöǮй涨ġȻлҪһЩԱʱ֮衣
ǣý࣬Ҳܲסķ֡ǣԤͨǰŲһա°һͻ¼ҲֻץϹ
ʱĹǶ۾ʵ۵强ϡǻʵۣ¶ģҪǮʲôѽ᲻óѪǻűʹԹɡ
˵Ļʵ۾ǱЩĹǻƳɲԵģʵǱǲ̫ࡣֲӹÿడ
ȻҲһëεģ裬ŷ㿪ԴĹٵ³ңǣͬѧһӹһ˾֮еķ͡
ҲˣҲˡͻȻ΢Цˡ
ξ֪˵ҪĹͷҲŭʵϣҲӵĲ״ŪýͷöһޣϷŹƶʵ̫ˣ˴һսۣÿѿ͵ð˰
ĴÿĲҲ
ȵžĸʱʵλƶȣһ޷ֵ̫֮İٵ
ⳡսϵʱʵǳ˵㣬͢ǽǽ©ԽԽȫļ
ͼξʵ˵һƣҲúȥ
ξ˵ȥ˵˵޴ںδôҲˡɹŰֱӴ޵ƤӵˡϲҿⱱںܳһʱҲñƶһͬı߾Ҳմ˰ˣӰ֣ǱߵɽءԶű߶迨˰ֻµʱһһƲסˡ
ڣϵƶֻǾڶսʱʱãսȴǲõġ˵ű߶Աñɣ֣ؿǮҲûȥǾ򣬵طֲ֣̼Сǳ͢רӪܲþӵԭȥ迨ɡǸɱԭȥҲûб߻һ˵
ڶڣڵս£طһƬã˵˰︳ֻҲղֻǰѳ͢ʧĲˣԹ˵ûκʧһ¡˵ƶֻרΪӦҡ裬浽Ǹʱ򣬹һŻң³־˵һľͳӵν֮Ҳͳ˧ͳסûƶȣҲ־
׳һڵ˵ˣҪʵƶȣ֣ҲþԼ˵㡣˵նپն٣ôþôãǲܵġ͢ȻɳԱ֣ල˰;ȵսһӽɢ߸齨ƣҲܽûõĲ˽£ù黹⡣úִܶƵϷʡ˵Ǹ֮أһǧҲпܵġڵǧпܡǰ߾ѲŶ٣˾Űˡսһǧ
û˵꣬ξȻվ棡һѾױɫˡ
ǧǳ͢밡
Ȼʵʲ϶ÿŪİпܵġ
ô˶ģ
ֻһ˲䣬ξתͷеͷһ׻ӵĹâڸˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ξξҼҽԾ
ξʵֲϹӣ֪Լģβ֪Լļҵ׾ô¡
ڸղ˵ƶȲǶսʱʱٴ롣浽֮ʱҶ֪ʲôˣֻҪܽҲ˲ڳ־ҲǲܿơƣСͻһ׵ξ飬һ㣬ξʵۻĵġ
££ѾùˣȻ졣ڿ϶ص˵ͷξɷı飬͵͵һ֪һԼǹȥˡ
Լһȥˣڴ̳ϷԼ
ƶһֵ֧ĻǷԵģ϶
Աǵͬӣô˵ڿ϶ӵһͬ־δ̳ĸ
úúáξʵ¶õ΢Цһɳڵϡָָߣϸ˵˵
ǣ¡ҲѧŻʵϥ£Ÿƶȴͷβ˵
ȻƶȫհµһףʵиоݣȻмǿ˵
ȻҲ˵©ʵϣȫȻհŲǱصġ
ϾռȫһϵGDPũ˰׵ȸ߲ĻϡҵȴǱȲ
Ĵʱѿ׶Σҵᶼڡֻҵ˰ϣȴҪ峯ʱࡣ
һξҲˣʱʱڵ˵ϵĴ΢ЦⰮΪأϽ˵ֶʵ˵ĺãÿѹ͡
ЩȣҲû뵽ξСһЩŵʰ
ܿ죬ھͺͼξһһʵеİ취ֱܶɳһ֣͢ɳʹලʽʹҪʱʹȨ
Ȼʵۻɳһ̫࣬ȡ֮ȡһɣʵ²
ξʵۻǲлȡ˺ôһս½ಿֳ⣬֣Щˡ


230 
ѩھţйѾһɫǡ
һѩ䵽ڣʼ
Ҳ֪ڴ˶೤ʱ䣬ɰػһùŻѾס
ξʵվһ˦˫ϣȻ˫ߵſڡϴϲɫȥ궬붬ʮûѩ˳츮ũǸգΣӦиճɡѩ׷꣬ҽ˸Ӧ֣ǶҪگ˴ѩӦûʲô˵ɡ
˸Ӧһھø޻̸֮Ȼʲôʱͬĵǣһˣ
ν˸ӦʱĶΪͬͨ໥ӦܸԤ£ܸӦ졣Ϊϵ˸ΪΥ⣬ʲ壬ͻǴ;棻ͨ˺ͣͻήԹ
һƤȻܷԣֻǰԸ̡
˵ⲻҶԾȨһԼȨڣȴҪܵļܣΪ
Ѿ˺ܳһʱˣͨ磬һҪýӲˣҲûѪɫ
ʵվһ̫ˡͳشվŹߵʵ󣺡ǻΪµĵС
ξһЦڵˣ
ڴŶ£ǰ֮壬已̥ȻȲˡ
ξʳٲͣѾܹաȻȥúȿȲ裬Щ㣬˳סֽǲṩڹ˵ġ¾ȡһۡ
ڸ˵ò˵һǸá
λڴԱߵĶ浹ҲţǽϹһţͼ
ߵſڣЦ࿴ǲǸи֮ˣڹ󲻹ơ
ף㶮ÿࡣº͸һ˿ȣ˵껰
˵ˣһΪưأһ˾ͺȻ˺º磬ûͬ׽ҲįúܡЦЦǰһַͬɩĵʱ˵ϵ顣ţ˵׼˵һ˵жϳĲƲƣԿ㽫ٻǷơ
Уһλܴ˵ĲλþǲƲӡƲλλһ沿ıͷΧλöԽƲƲλ˵ĲʮʺϾ̷չһġƲԣȵб𷽷ҪͷͷλбָᰴѹͷλеԣڱͷϷɫް̺ۡƵȡ㽫ض󸻴󣬲Դ
˵ºһ̲סȥԼıӣҲһ˵ģʲôĶϣҲûơ
ͻȻһۣһΪأȴԭᶯ
㣡º־ŭôӣ
ֺһ㺰ôʲôҾƵ˵˵ֵ÷ô𣿡
󵨣ºֱ£ٽУͻȻ䣬ſڴξЦ
վһߣ
ԭˡҲվֳξһʩ񣬲˵ӣƵúܣҲͬ˵˵ȴȴˡ
˵겻ص˳ºһۡ
ξ¿һۣʡСѾͷûУҪҪԵ㶫
ӣȱЩҪ߰ɡ
ξæͬҹӻл˵Щ㡣
۵Ĳʵûʲô˼Ҳ̰׸⣬һӡ
ڽˣӲ˵ˣСĵվһ̺ºҲǽǣҲҶһڡ
Ƭ̣סֽһᡶ¾˹
ξæϴ֣˿
⻹ڵһο漣档ͬξһ߹ۿһ˵лҲн
ǰҲ˵λ⡣
䣬ʵۻ˵һιڵ¾Ĺ£Щ˼
¾ǵҵϵ伮£ȻҲûʲô䴫˵
ȴ붼룬˵һΡԶġһͯԴʵԽԽңׯһ¾㻯Ĺ¡
ξȤһ̾ɷׯε
ԱߵĳºдǶƽǻƽ̺ʵۣҲ֪еΡһ֪ڻʵеĵλȻҪ˳̶ȡ̶ܳȣƶԵ½
һ¹ҪȽȽˡ
Թ㣬ʳҲˡξһҪ⿴ѩ̺
ûа취ֻܴ˳ȥ
ξʵ۱˫ڿյţһһ˵
ºȻҲҪлݣȴҴ˻ʵ۵ӣֻԶԶظں档
ķӣɢڲΪ֪ĵطԾ䡣
ǸϲֵˣǰЩϲվڳºߣס˵壬塱иͣŪóºЦãƫƫֲ÷
λڱߵıˣȻڽ⣬ȴǽǵҪ֮ء緹֮·ϵ˶ǰµҪϹس֮ǰؼңǰµҲʼ½뿪
˶ã·
ţꤶмƥųɳӣö
Ѿˣ̿˴ľ̿Ƿľ̿䵽ϣȻһͨ
һʢ»ԾȻξȤվڵԱߵĿյЦؿš
Ƕ̽Ե÷ǳţΣøɰ
үһһģ飬ͷţҲ
öһ£ֿ漣ξ鼫ѣⰮ뾭ǮǸк֣ȴ֪ʵµΡֲݴ֮·ӣҪһʹͷȥһ¡
ڿЦֻȥˡԺʲôطǿǵĴӪûʿȥˣҲҪ
ȴҲǡξһЦ˵㣬ҲҲϲ˽Ԫ˵ʿҲСɱϾһˣ
ڱͲȥϣֽ˵һ׮û¾Ǵǣֵɲһ¾ġ
νǣǿƾٿеĻԡڶũ¾աʮաʮգÿ졣Ϊڴ쿼ԣֽдԡ
ѾũʮѮҲִʮһ³ԣֻʣʱ䡣Ŵֲͨӱ˴ȥϣһһؾ͵¡۳м䵢飬Ȼؾǣƻ˶ˡ
ԼȻлʵ۵ĳţнʿŽ׼ĳɾҲ޵ý
ξͻȻЦһⰮ鶯ʵ̫󣬿ν춯أҲûоѭ޿һԶʱ򣬻ڸ˾һ飬鶼пܡǶڿԾġҲüŻػһеȿʿ˵Ĵ㣬κûнʿûд飬רı
ξô˵һ¾»ʵ۰Լȥ𣬴ԡƶһԼֻ˴ˣЧӦԽԽԣδʷҪη˭Ҳ˵֮ȥڿûκġ
лмܡ
Կòû޶ߵˣɽЦξŵ˫ɿмѩķ紵ֻ˷磬߸߹𣬿Щɷǵζ
һ²ӣûʵ۲עʱ˴Ѿľ˫֡
ξֵλ׼ˣ
ڣڱǶ飬ȴûκΰա
¡ͰԷһ߶飬һ߹ɡξһԨУˣҲȥֵ
ְϿһͼԱĽɫȴڸͻʵ۸ǰߣҪ
Ҫл
ʱͻȻ䣬ԱߵĹٵϵһװײ˵ţԾһӡһͳ󺰣Ӵ㣬Ӵ㣬ȻҺңˣ
⺺ͷĿһȻǸֺеƤ
Ϊлʵۼ٣ĵʿл͡Ե쳣壬Ҳ·ڶסˡ
ͻȻȴôʼδ
º鱻Ӳ˰죬տʼʱЩͷͬ˵˰컰ͻȻСѾͷƬӿȻףΪȴǲסض˵ʵ̫䣬׳ϸƽҪഩ·ơ
ºЩƣԼλȨأ˼սս䤱ϻҶ˵һ䡣ƫСѾͷԼ˹ģǲκιĹػо֡
˼ұϾһƬģºоһů
ͻȻָšӴ㡱ºɫ䣬ͽȭͷսֻһȭȥͽ⺺ӷŷڵء
ʥݣҲֻһͷײɾ
ۣôˣϳˣϲؽһ
Ҳһæʵ۸һ˹ȥôˣС㣬ͬһ˵𾪶˼ҡ˵ͳξһۡ
ۺסһͬƽϲţƭǮΪ
ǰһӻŪףƭ˼ˡ
ֻʧ֣Թ˾İˣȫҵȴȫ˽ȥ
һļξһͷǺܴ󣺡үɽˣˣˡģ۸Ǻͬͷϣ۵·Ĵүǿ̣岻̡
ڻл˵˵ʵڻƤǳУƽͬ˵ڵŻʵ۵棬ȴܲ취ˡ
۱ǸƤҲüɫÿŵ˵үҵĴүǰͷͬӴָ㻹ԸžһȺɷ˳˼ҵլһͨҷȺ˶úܣֶ࣬Ҫǰȥ赲ΪҲ֪˵˾ʲôˣؾصվŵòҶ˼ִ
ǱϾǴүھӣһͬģϿԿǲһͨ룬ɱȥιѲأһٶ򡣰ӴСϻһȣڻ۵ֱأ
һ˵һ߿ŵɣҵȥƣҲ֪ûҩǮСļƲúӲǰǡ룬ɣҪͷүͻȻһͷײǣҪԿʹײ˵ţϹ˼ұš
˵Żסգ۾˫ֳ̯ȻҪЩǮ
ʵϣҲǱôһĿġ£ûʭӣŶҪˡЩޣӾ͹ȥˡ
ǮýŪǮӣȥĳ
һҪǮģƣһ˵һһ룬ᡣҲһȻɱҼȥˣ˭ôӣѵǡ
Ҫȥӣξʵ۲֪ʲôʱߵڵߣ˳ºһָָۣۣǮѻ˵ꡣ
һӵѩϣ۷ɿУҧҧȷǳʱϲöȥˣλţʵ°ɣС˸Ҫȥȭͱһ߳ԺӣҲֻ̫ԼԱ˵Ƕôߵģʲô½ˡ
󶼶½ξ˵ʡ
ԶԶԣȻɰ֪һ룬ȫ֪ڨЦɽȴŴָͣʹ½


231 һ
ڼҡ
ʹسڵҲð˸ڳ½ү½Ѿطŭˡɱϣװһƽģ˿ԼĵĽ
Ϊ¹½ԼŮڣҲôĵعʹӴýʮĸڼΧס׼׳졣
ʮõĽѾҷ䵹æµ·ӡ鼮ʲôıԵԺ
һŮӵСޣүǿˡ
Ů֦ҪүɶѪ
ͬ˵һˣ򲻻֣ڲͬʵȻƽǳڴڹͷȴӲá
֮ô˵ΪǰԹĿЩǰ˵Ļ
½ɷسԺ֮Ҳǰȥʲô
õĽɲǳԸɷģһ֪ǸֵĽɫҲϻͶ͵Ϯ
һʱϾͳһȭڣһһȣǺۡ
Եñ
Ѿȭʦ磬Ҳңһ̫֣Ƽһط˳ȥ
⼸׳罡ţǺ֣ȴͬСһ㲻һ
Ҳǵ⣬һЦȵˣӽ£֮ľǺҲ÷ã֪ʲôط¿ƽԪүġۣ
ͻȻ䣬ɤһƣһѪӿϺͷ
ֻо᲻
ԭ⼸˵ȴҲڼȭģһǿúܡȴɳ͵Ϯ֮£תͿ⼸˶Ŀ¶׹⣬֪ɱԡ
¶ӣֻ»ҪǸɱ
⼸ȻǸ֣͵ϮԲ¡Լ˳ûл֮
ǿнһѪȥֱͦš
ʱһ˽ŭݣһƨڱ˶ϣͽеʲôԪ󶼶½ҿɲ
ԭ½ϵġ𺳣벻ھȻǵ½壬ѹȺ˰Եһ־Ҫɱˡ
үҵĹʤ֪γƺүʲô£
½ү˭һСܼҲ֪չҪѰһʲѣ
ǣ
һŮסޡ
־Ҳ᲻ֻӲվǿԳŲȥ
ԱߣƷ״ΧģֻҪһ춯顣
½үҲ˵Լʲô
нг棺үûˡ
үûУ
ڼҵҾھӵΧۣȽſ˼æȥ˳츮
ϧ˰ҲΧ۵Ľַ˼ţ˼Ҹɢˡ
½үҲˣԽ롣
Ůҳһ£ҲǸղ֪ġ
տʼ½Сʧʱط˻ұȥֻչڷᡣ
˹գֽվǰסϢڴ½ү
¿ɽ½쿸ˣܹط˰졣
طֻ֪Ů䣬ȴһ֪
һڸɵģƤȻͬ½ˬ˽ˣ֪վͽ£ֱµȵýһظڣβܷŹ
½үһŭ֮£һŽߵڵأȥҴ磬ִʮ֣ɱڼ
ϧȴ˸գֻһͨй¡
ȴǽ⣬ؼǵȽˬҳ
ǣʲôطأ
½үԽԽ룬ʱһ̽ӿ첽ߵǰү鵽ˣڱ㣬һȥˡ
½үһ񣺡ڲڣ
̽ӣС˷õںѾ߶ӣûˡС
ʲô½үͷʡ
УھӵĿڹ⼸նûİˣƣơȴǲ
˵ʲôϻ
үСΪҲð죬ֻҪץڣһʣʳˡǸ̽ѯ֣Сĵѡ
ԣ½үһĶͷͿˣүǼͿˣߣˣȥ׽ȥ
һХ½үʹʮȥ
½ү뿪ڵء
ôˣ֦С
û£˵ˣһʱͺˡֽһѪȥ鷳ˣղȺ½ҵģү֪ôؽǵˡ

˺ӣ½Ĵϡ
ӵϣ½СתͷԶ㣬׼һͰˮЩɾ·СҪԡ¡ãյûа׷ѡ
ϰѾߣû˼תĶҲ롰һȥСѰɾѡ
㣬ʲôʱҴˣ½Ӵ
ʲôУٽҾͲˡСһԼЩˣҲһѽ糶̺ϣһѹסĲӡ
ֱ½ֱͷ֣֣ٿҪˡ
СɿԼĲӣʵôģô㣬һҲ֪ܲİ
ߣҪƴϻ򵥡СһЦһغ棬ŵҲһʼͲ⴬ϵġǹһС棬ȵɽڣԶˣĴ⼸䣬ССϻҪˣǶů͡ôϻʲôҪҪһԵ㶫
ðɣһ˱ǵţ⣬½ΪĶһǸûԭˣɹ˼߶ȴЩԥˡ
Ծͳԣĥʲô½ˬһ˫ӵݹȥ
Űư͵ؽ˹ȥܲСã㻹ǵ󣬾ȻӾ˳Ҳ֪ἱʲôӣúõھǴŲ𣬸𡭡Ҫһȥݣ
½СЦ֪ʣûСӻġһ͢ͶģҪҼ޸ˡ
½Ӱ˰ͷ飬Ǹĸ֮ý֮½ҵȻûѰռô˼Ҳѻ뾭ѵ飬õġСӣģ»·ϢһҾ͹ؼҡ
ôˣ˹٣ͱˣΪԼǸˣ½СŭЦѵˣ磬һֱ㵱֮ˣʲôĻͬ˵ȴǱС㿴ˡʵ㣬ҳ֮ûŻȥ޸͢¡
һ½һ£ȻͷⱭƣյ־һʹ͢£ǾƲģˡ
˵껰ҪĴ˺ȥ
;ԣæסС㣬ɣ
ÿ½ˬһ߹ȥߵڵϣᣡ
ŴУС㣬С㣬黹һαСҪȥԼȥˣ͢Ҳûʲô˵ġ½ҵĴС㣬ʲô͸ʲô˭
СתŭΪϲ⻹˻Ҿˣȥ׼ķΣԡ˯ȥߡ
תڵȥˣĿɿڴ½š
һһƵع½ŵүôܹӦСһȥݵġǹ鷳ˡ
½ˬȥŵ飬½ȻԼʦүԼұ˹û𣬴ٱҷ򵽰ˣȴҲ¡
½ǴƷ͢٣ν̲ϴ򣬼ҷɲʹż½Լиж½һȥݵʱҪΪȥˣʦүܷݼҵУ½Щеġ
оԼǸˡ
ģҷĹܲס𣿡һϲ̲סʡ
ŵ˵ͷȻԱǳ͢档ȷ˵½̫үƷү;ͨ˸ࡣʱ򣬾ү̫үĻǶ̫үүġڳ֮ϣ̫үһʱˬүһ䡮СͳڣҲǺˣ˵Ҳ
½ӸǻϲȻǳ͢ҪҲǹˣ˹˭ң
㡰ꡱһЦ
ֵʵС»治ôرɣһһأֵ졣үȥʹ˾οƵģ󲻵áͻȥɣĲ˵÷С·ˡҿȥݣȻһŻظУӡСزȥ·ܲܣǾǸ飬ͬүҲûκιϵСϾСԣû׼һӣʾһأ˵ּֿ͢ȡ֮Ը޹ȥҲ˵һŶǸóƺִˡ
͢ѾȥԷ£ƷԱ
һֶ½˵үԼǡ
½ǸˣϲԽҲͲôɣд˴ظüȥݽСá


һӵѩϣ۷ɿУҧҧȷǳʱϲöȥˣλţʵ°ɣС˸Ҫȥȭͱһ߳ԺӣҲֻ̫ԼԱ˵ʲôߵģʲô½ˡ
󶼶½ξ˵ʡ
ԶԶԣȻɰ֪һ룬ȫ֪ڨЦɽȴŴָͣʹ½
ǮѾˣߡº鳯ǰһ
ȻҪˣ½˭ǵģ֪½ҵˣҾͲˡ֪ˣǻͷˡһɷף亹һŰ
Уҵó㼸գùΪһƤΣձͨҪеöࡣ£ҲϻŤͷһԶˡ
ξͻȻЦһʲôʱ½ˣ𾩻ģ
ºǶᶽͬԸôᣬⲻҪ˵Ǽ仵½ȻǸ֮ˣΪһϣвҲпܵġ
Լﱻ˵ңȾҶ˳ˣ⻹үǻǿЩȥ֦ӲãŻ˲źá
ҲգͳξһҾڼг£ȥӦʡ
ξС£Ҫɨͷˣ㲻½ѧô½ҵ˷㣿
Ȼ֪¿϶Ϊ½СЩΣǰ𡣿ɻʵʣȴܲش΢΢һ졣
ξֳǰɢֻøȥĻһᡣҲһʱߣŭģǣһ޹ŮӵڡΥʥ֮


232 ξǸ
Ŷ޹ŮӵڣȴЩ˼ˣѵ˵ǸŮ½ҵģξɫ΢ϸ˵˵
ڴΪΣ˵Щˡջؼ֮룬Ѻڡ
ȻʵȻò˵Ҳֻôӷգлʦʱ½үһ´ͷβ˵ξˡ
ȻСԼĹϵȴǲ˵ġ
ԭξµе˼ˡⰮ䣬½Ůû˽ɡ
ڼʵһڴƺĺ½С㷢Щʲôϲּ
ξǰԡ
ڿһ΢죺ûκ˽飬ԩúܡҲһʱգſڲԣ½˶ˡЩ¡
ʲôӶξȴǲΪȻǱʯͷǡд˾ʣû׼½С㿴ˣ㷼İҲ˵
⻰Ѿһ˾Ӧ˵ˣξҲʶһ㣬һ̣˻ӣһƬѩʵ½ҵ˶òãŮҲǸӡ½ҼҲã½׽֮ˣҲһ׮¡Ⱞ˼վ۵ʱýˡ
ɣǼξʮĽʿžͬơֱޣ̫䣬Ϊдһֺʣξ谮Ϊɣžһ۽١
⣬ɵλϰϼ꣬칻͸ˡ
˵˵ķ·ӺȫһֻڻȱһʿˡȻǰԷ֪ǰʫʱԼֻ࣬ԸǸ˭ܽܵڻʵǰҲǴҲŲһƨͬʵ۵̶ܳȣȻȲڡ
ҲǻʵһεģΪԣǻ˲š
ξĻڴ󾪣ɡ
ξͷζؿڣô½С㳤ó𣿡
ڣǸŮ
ǲͽˣȻ½Ȩ죬ȢҵŮӣǰ;󣿡ʵȴһ˿̣Ǳĸɶ֪ĴӵܣΪҪȢ½С㣬ҡһ䣬Ծ˹Ʒĳ͢𣿡
еĲƣ׿ԼСлԼһ²˵½Ѿ·ˣͬǳһԻǰ̡
һڸĿɫ٣ҲΪҲЩʵ¡ɾ뷨ҲҪ;汾ڿƾٳϿӳݾӲΪ˵͢ٵƶȣڲҰܻ
ûԱǹ֮˽ܡξĿдһ˿ɭȻ
ڲϾȥʵ۶½ҲװŵģԼ԰ɣҪǵûʵ۲ˡͣԼܹ½Ҷݵģ˳ȥȴҪ˲ݡ
һЦ⽫һߣװһ޷޲ƽģ½С㾫Ź֣׶ý˭ȢȻٲڻأ˵СѾͷϲˣ֮дⱾʯͷǡҲǱƵġǰһӣΪ˴߸壬챻Ʒˡ֪½ҵ˶ô𣬶ΪŮħͷǲҲ㲻𣡡
ԭʯͷǡ˶ġ֮󣬼ξֺֺЦһһҲһμѻ˵߸壬ҲдʵںÿҲΪȲûƽֱӽ׽Էȥġ˵½ŮȢãͲΪˡ
ڴϲ͵͵Ĩһ亹лл
ظģȴЩˡ֪ȢҲԳԿͷη绢ģҲһ¡ξȻЦǰһ֣ʹݼ̹⣬˵ų޳͢ͳ󽫵ͳ˼ֱǶҵҲʹҲ֪ʲôԱ硣һž;Ȥ
˵ξͣͣͻȻʣڣͬ½СҲӴΣǷͨšǣûУ
ڲסűӣЦǣأƶˡ
ʵۺǰ˵ЦԶԶںĳºмۡʵۺͽ˵ūŵȻյǰˣҲ֪˵Щʲô
ʵЦ˻Բǹ£Ǽҳ̡
ǣº֪үһṈ֮̀̿ˣ˭ûкɫͬһ˵ЦѾܶûпˡԼ½һʱ
˿ڻʵĿеĵλѾͬ½ˡ
Ҽү˵ʲôѽܿĵӣʡ
ºѵõЦЦģò˿ģǾͱȥˣںš
Ӱһۣһ߶ţ̫䣬Ǹٵģû˼úܡ
ºͬ˵˰컰ͻȻЩϲЩ׶СӲȫЦݣ㲻ϲңۼƫƫҪͬ˵ôͷˣ
ôܣʵ˿ף۲еͭ¯ղŰ¯ӸңЩܲ䡣壬лˡ
ȣ㺰ô壬ۼҾˡ
ǸãиˣҼү۸ҪҲǷǳϲϹˣסɡʱꡣ
ôס㣬Ȼ˵ۣȴǵʿº룬ͱһԼڹԺӵסַȴͻȻЩڴ޹ʣÿȻɶӹͷЩ˻ĵ
Сͷʵʵ⣬ʹˣĳȴˡ
ʵº겻ʮꡣϵÿ죬̫ˣ̬ʮ˻ɣ
ͻȻԼʱΪ֣С⼸ʮνůҾʲô龿ʲô治֪
º΢Щ˸Уӣ˭۸㣬˵һۼҾÿ
ллˣҲû˸۸ҡЦ˵
ղҲǱ½۸𣿡
ˣ½Ȩƴ󡣡
¡º鵭
һ˵ŲȴЩ
תۣξһ˵Цһ߾߽ԱƬȥˡ
ºۼ⣬ξַһŹȵڣЦ˵˾ʲô
Ϊʵȫıͷӣº󾪣λүôȥˣǻǿЩȥɡ
ȷʵүǸʡĵģû·Ƚֲ㣬ˤ˿ǺãҲˡ
˼æǰ׷ȥ
ɾʱǰٵȴһ󼱴ٵ
ºһȥȴԼʮƥһس˹ϵʿű£ȴһ崺⺷һ޼ɵİģ
º˲õ֣ʱҲˡ
ͳǰȥվ·ߡ
ӣ壬ʲôк棬Ҳȥ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʮѾ嵽ǰ㼤ѩǵء
ѾͷڵѾߣ˸
УʮͬʱͣսȻ׷ڵϣӺͳºΧġ


233 ôӣ
ʲôºһ̲סʡ
ͷÿ£ǾŮ仰ΪǸʿñӵ˵㣬Ȼ裬Ǿǣλڴ·ϣȴҲΡ
ʲô½ҵˣӺ׹
ǸʿʲôܣڵѾͷأ
ӣǾ½ҵˡ
ΪߣСѾͷһͨ죺½ǹ֮ңүȴҲо˹˺аԵ𣿡
˵Ļ˵һССľˣٴٶҲΪһЦֶԳºȵͷ顣
󵨣һǳʱطĶǣʵ۾Աߣ÷ɿ±Ҫ췴𣿡
ʲô֪˭𣿡ʿǼôӿ⺷֮ʿʱʲô·ô˾ۼһԭվã̲飬ɱ⣡
Ҳǿˣˣ
ºֻѵ˵ģʲôʱôǳ־ŭȥȺȻǱ£ϷŽ崺ϻһľƣǽ˭
ϱҲûʲôøУһ룬ү棬ͬȺ޹ؽҪ˷ͻӮˣ䵽ʵҲѹ˵ɡ
ǿѹеŭ𣬳һ֣ʲô£һ
˶ˡ
ͷºѼɤӣһ̲סֳϸؿһۣͿеĲԡ
Ⱥʿ磬ɽ϶Źѥף룬Ҳᡣ
⡭ⲻǹĹ
ô๫һô͸ŲѰ
˼æºһҰ
Ƭ̣ס棬ºһ֣½˾ٻβ壬ڰһ׮ӣ
˵ǳ
Ӳ֪ʲôطɽֻġ԰УҼүûʲôӣǽʲô
β壺ںڣҪʲ֪ˣηˣ
һæԳº壬ǲ𡣴޹أĪҪǣȥ֣֮ǿ߰ɡ
ºȴһЦۼұһһغѾֶŮԼ£ôһأ
ؿβһۣҹûǱõģ˭Ҳø㣬β壬ϴ˸ۼҹ
ۼҡԳƣʮͬʱһѾ֪ºǹ̡
βЦԭǸˣղŶеȴĸŵ
ţһ̲סʳº飺㲻Ǹʿôֱɹٶˣ
ºӣѵͲܴ𣿡
Цſβ壺ôûκһŵǲҪץۼһȥ
ңʲס¹ϵ󶼶½˵ҵȾͱƲҪˡ
ԣֲʮĹӣֱˡ£½ү˵ȥºֺӣҲ˭Ҳ˭һء˵ˣϽ̫ȥδؾǶķӡ
β廹ǾЩڰͷλֵ԰꣬үϾ͵һе֮˵
ҲǷࣺⶼʲô¶ȥ¿ƽԪļңֺһȺ̫ˣ½үĲ治õ
ºǻߣŭһҪתһ룬ﶼֳˣүû˹Ҳգٵȵȿմôණ˹Ҳˡ
º飺ã͵Ǹʲô߰½ү˵ۼҵҪֳʲô
ӻǼţߣȻǹٶȴ󲻹½ҵˡţܲҸ͵͵ܽȥڿӡ
ϧȺȴؽͳºΧм䣬ȴֱºһ˷Χûȥ·
££šºЦʣӣе¯ûУҪСټӵ̿
һС̫ԾشӶϽͭ¯˹ȥɵö
˰죬㿴һɫشδ½үڵˡ
ԭ½쿲ܲ˷ѩȴ䵽˺档
ȽӹβǰͬС˵˼䡣
½үãָŶӣôµģȽ£ʳڵ䡣ôĥ䣬СֻҪˡǹôǰ참
ºŭЦŵ½쿣ôĵӣȻ


234 ʲôˣ쵼˭
̫ͻȻԼ֣̬Ȼᣬ½үе΢һ
ǲʶºġ
½쿲һ̫䣬ְλ˵СôҲƷԺ·ŵطҲǸְ֪λҪ룬Ϊ
ȴûʲôʵȨһ㶼ΪõĹԱǹ֮á
½үλҲ½⣬ҲǾλΪִƹҼ룬ͬҪǶнӴܾۼһҲڴ졣
ЩҲȷʵʶ˲ٹˣ̫Ϊˣ֮صҲû취μӡˣԳºڶͰȫسȴʶ
ʵеĳ͹ûʲô̫ͬӴһֵÿҫ飬˳ȥĹǵıġ
ҲǵƽʶõԵʡ
˵ºˡ
ղβ˵ǰ⼸ʿ˶ǹ̫ʱ½쿵ʱһΪʲôɫˡ
̧ͷһȴ⼸˿һʵģ˿ûκĵط
̫మǮӣúõģʮŵĹǳţ˭ƤãŭһȻһĸȴǶȷ˱ȵϵġ
ͲڶͷϿһǮֺ֣۵Ĺټ
ΪǼ̫ˣӣҲϡ
⾩̫һǧеģһ˾ͺ£Ҳˡ
½үҲη壬ЦһʵǺˣôʶ˵ģ
ôӣۼˣ˵㣡½쿣㲻ʲô½𣬾ȻšºŭЩʶȥϵĹۡ
ϧԼʵ۳һ£˰죬ŷԼһƾɵĵۡ
½үһЦתͷԽȵڡ
ܿ콫һٷ˳Ȼԧ첹ӣ½ү
½ַ˷ñһȵ֪֪˭ʶ𣿱½쿣̫䣬Ʒ͢١ǺˣʲôƷĸְĹٳ˭ࡢ¼ࡢб໹˾ࣿ⼸ŵĹӱٿɶʶȽվȻԱ·ϣȻ׽ǵĹӺ
⻰˵ùˣģʲôˣ쵼˭
ʵԪ谶̫ȨƣҲмߵľ衣ˣ̫ȻҲǹԱƷǳ͡ƽº˾࣬ҲƷʳ൱һ֪
½үΪǰһ̫֮ʮŵ̫ͷӣ̫ͷӿûʵġԣǺηʥƷ϶Լֻ轫ٷһ赲Լץӣһ·ϵȴܲġ
˿ԼϴٸЩ⣬ͱˣͷٴдҪץŮʰͲƽˡ
ҪۼҸͷ˴º鱾һխ鱩֮ˣʲôʱֱܹʱûҲָ½쿣㣬áˡһ̫µʲôȨץ󰸡ۼҽ쵹Ҫ£һԽȨ֮
㵹ǵһˡ½үмЦ˾참̫Эڷ˵ùȥ̸ԽȨ
ɵҲ˵ùȥЩļִ
Ȼһɼĺ˼ṹִδЩǣǿ
½үǼΪ̣ûйȻ޹뿪ǣõﰡ
ƶȣ̫˹񣬻פصģ޹ʲóǡһƶȵ峯ʱϸ޹뾩
ȻִִУ˵
һͨףºҲ졣
Ա߾С̫࿴ȥˣɵһССƷй٣˼ͬʲôӿԼģԶ
ԣˣ̫඼½ү׵ؼŭˣͺȡ
ǰں󣬽ѹסǶ£
ôӣȻ˾ǰ֣ˡ½үҲǴȡ
ס֣˼ҪºȻ±çȴ֡
βں濴һĻǸ참ĻϹڿʶף;Ⱥ˵ĲԾرС̫һһɵغһݡ
ܹڹոɶӵˣָͷ
Ӧǵһˡ
Ҳͬʱ֣ʾͣͷȴ΢΢߳ˮ
û½үãβ⣬ô֣
βЩΣ֣°λ½ˣһ׮Ҫ˷ֵ˴󶯸ɸ𣿴һһˣھ߶ģ̧ͷͷλ
类ǰĽž˵ʣŰͷҼүǲģ־ͳ
º飺ʲôˣСѾͷۼҵֶŮ˭ץ
½үڶٽţ֣ˡ
ţͻȻ䣬ڿ첽С֣ܳѹҶˣ˼ϲӡ
ڿˣСһΪŲ¶أۺ졣
½үһ˫۾ҪôҲǸˣΪû׶ʥ飬ߣٹ˲ùԱͳһץסڵڡ
ס֣ɷһǹУǷŭҪǰȥ
ºһѽס𼱣ۼڣû˸Ұʿߡ
ȴЦŶ½ү˵һᡣ
ʲôᣬС½үĿˮ絽ˡ
æתԳº¹˼ҵ˼ôҶɢˣôû˼ġ
ǡºͷֱߵβǰһ˹ȥߣ֮¸й¶һ֣Եۼ
βӹֻһۣ;ҵزˮȪˮһӿȻ˫ַº飺ˡ
תͷºߣȥ
ٲͣսҪ֮زز
û뵽ڷܨΰٻȣߣҵģǵͷڲߣҲõˡɫȫ
ǡȥβɢ˸ɾ
ôˣӵǳһþȵĿ⿴ųº顣
ǣǡһ½үû뵽˵߾ߣֲʶԡ
ɿڵӣųº飺˭ŵģ
º飺ۼҿɲʲôࡢ¼ࡢб໹˾ģһūţֻ֪ʲôְλʲôƷȴϡ
ôŪôŪ½ү૵˵ͣ
º˿ȴһʵͽģڣүӻʲôԸδ½쿣
ڣ˼ҵûзԸ
ʱȺͻȻһ̫µ˾Ȼܵ׾ļҵĹأ
̫඼ͬʱɢ
ξһ۵վڣͻȻϼԪϸ㣬һƪʡ


235 ѩ֮
ǰھ֪ξʵһܰԵˣֻǾ⳼ǰҪһׯ֮״Ҳֻڡ½ƽº׽֮ߣŻ¶
һ㣬ӸղŶں½С˽ĺϾܿ
Ҳû뵽Ѿĵ߽Ⱥ￴֡
ʵǰĿһںͼξҲѾˡ
Ҳ֪Ⱥ˾½ץԼģɱϻװһĻģξεػߣ¿ߣȥǺΡ
áξгºڣҲˡﾰãߡ
˵꣬ͽ⳶ƾ棬ڽʿ׼ôˡ
ڵһͷɵȥˣﻹ˼ֻӦȴǣеŮ
ȵ½쿵Щȷʵ½׽Լġ
Լ˽£ֵʵȥˣ˵ЩΡ
ڼæԼξʵ˵£ǳĲԣͳȥʥݣ
ȴ룬ξȴһЦʲôĲԣߵ˾ûвԵġ
һ䵹һ㶣Ҳû뵽ʵۻ̻
ʵۣһϲһӣǧáһˣǧŵ㣬Ҳ޿ȡ֮
ξٺЦţ̫µ˾Ȼָ޵Ľ׾޿ϱŶ½ˡúýֻʮˣٶЩ޵Ҫȥ½ӾʲôȥǶɢˣ޼Ҿ
һЦԵɭķɣκһϵľӵʮϣִĵΪıɾ͵ظɱ
½үֻʮ˹ʹˡ
ǻʵ׾ֻʵһͳ죬˾Ƿ˼ξɻ䡣ǿ½СϣˣⱲӾˡ
û˼ȥ½үˣϾԼ˽£ִ˶ˣͼæ߹ȥôҶɢˡ
½үһڣͳȥץסӣ׼ֱ£ҸƧĵطϸϸԼŮ䡣
һ֪ʲôʱ򣬻ʵܹˡ
½үʶʵ۵ģǰ̫ʱ½ĹٳĶӼԺԼڻʵٳ֡
ˣڻʵ˶ּԴ½ȥԷл
Σʵڲλһ꣬Ҳûɳ
ʱ½εط½쿱ϿºͣʿʵҲǸģͷ
Ҳǣ½үס˻ʵ۵ģ
һʵۣ½үԴˣһһ͹˵ϣ½쿣ʥݣ
׹үẉ̂տ϶ġԣ̫Ŷŵ۵ġ
ǻʵۣŵָżξ𺳡
º󾪣ӣ°ݼ꣡
ˡξܸ˿⸱𾪵ı飬һӳ䣬ЦǴӣɣʧˡ
ɻӣүĶӣǲǱɻףӼæȥؿͷӰݼɸ׵ү
ξֵùЦе˼ɡڣ߰ɣ
˵꣬ת˵ۡ
λڹٵԱߣҲ࣬ǿҲͳ
һ˵´ӵŻʵ۳ȥֻʣ½үһ˹ڵϣѩϡ
º뿪ʱͷ½үɭɭص½ˣղŲۼңʲôƷĸְĹٳ˭ͬ˵ҲˡûۼƷֻͣǸƷ½ǹٴһѹѽ˾̫࣬ٳлƽҲʲôӡˣһǶ³ӡ̫࣬ʮšǻ˼һ߹ȵϴ˵硣ҽгº顣
³½үͷϵĺˮ¡
ѩϣѩѾڻϡմһ
¹Ҫ׽½쿻ض½쿾ʥݣڲ⣬ԸܴһŻؼȥͬ˵һ
꣬㻹½ºһЦɤӵû½ʥ죬½ϰʱͿԻؼˡүǸѵӣҲģ˼ҵһˣҲ˵һŰɣʲôʱүȥˣߡ
ղű½쿵ﵽ㣬Ѿɱô죬Ѱһʱֻ¾Ҫýˡε½ЩʱܲͦȥͿˡ
½Ҳֲۼͷ


236 ˼
½үѩдʹ죬ʱܵ裬Щü˼ȴû뵽Ҳû뵽º½Ѿɱģ׼½쿶
һ㣬Ҳִ˺͹µ𡣹ˣΪλߣҪôҪ͵󻼣·Ҳ˻ᡣ
ֻֽĳºľͻȻͻʵڵ˸һƪʣȻַԸ۵ĵʿγһϯի
ϯ䣬ҲǶԼξʵС̺ذÿˡ
ȵ꣬ξʵذڼݻع
Ѿ΢΢ڣ̧ͷȥѩµø󣬾Ȼһ졣
ǰԷ̻ʵ۵ʱڻʲôڱһ죬ȴЩ̲סش˸Ƿ
ӵĴѾеԶˣںͳºȴûϳسȥ
ˣһǶһǻʵ۸ǰ¹󡣽Ҳǵһεһ𣬱˴˶бҪúý
ֻӽķ⣬ȴ˭֪̼ǰȴ֮¡ͷβ㶼ʮֵСģ˵˻Ӧõģ˵һ仰ǰŬҪ֮ʿЩܲס
ºһߣһ˵Ż
ŹƵ̫࣬ҲԶԶظš
ȴЩˡҲǿЦ
º̸ˣʵȫƾүĶ衣óʱǹ˵үһү㲻˳ˡռ䡮ɵɵȵĶǣ㵱ʺȶòһšʿۼȴһ׮óĹٳ˽ʿʿͬ¶˶һңһ򲽽㻵¡Ҳ˵ûƽ̣˾ǵˣûлᡣʿ꣬ҲһʣۼҶĹݿĽýšĴǣһˡ
вУһ£⣬ȴ˵׼ЦЦʵĹҲĹٵĿദҲСĽ֮ڸղϵǸ£Ѿû·ˡ
ǰڳիʱ򣬳ºҲڵ£ʵѯºûǿеģϻƽ˾ǿ϶ڵ顣
º̾ϢһĹٵĲǳ˵ٵ˼ʲô˼أ˼Σ˼ˡ˼䡣֪ΣҪ֪ܣ˼Σ㵽˼Ҷעĵط˼ˡ˾ͻлᣬ룬ԼǰˣԺôģ˼䡣ʿϵӾʵ̫û˼˵ˡ
˾Уƽһݡ֮ˣг֮硣ºȴǻѵȨıңȨʶãһ֡
΢΢һЦ¹ҲǲԶΪ֮ҲˡȻѲӵĻװͿ˵ˣûйְ뵯Ҳͷףǡ
ͻȻɽĿյϹһѩˡ
˭ڳһסͣ˽Ų
ºȴװſֻóѩָָ̫ǰȥѩĨĨ
棬ӼⲻǰǸʲô½ү𣬶һˣҵүǲǶˣ
ҲһȻ½ү˼ұϾ½ӵĸףԼͬ½ֵͬܣ½ǧ㲻ԣҲԼĳ
¹½жѸߣѩϹôʱ䣬ֻ徭ܲס롭
º鿴½һۣĿһ˿׹⡣Ȼַɿ
죬ڵ˵ͷʾԸ½һ
ߵ½үߣɣүѾݻعٹһʱžҪգٳپͽ˳ˡ֮󣬿ɱϾ½Ķӡ˵ˣүҲ㾪ݵˣú¡
½үֱͦͦعûзӦ
ºӲ
½үûж
żˣǰȥ
ȴ
̫Ҳǰ½ˣ½ˣɵ˵Իȥˡɵ½˶ˣ
ºŭװģ½쿣ǲѧĽƣ׼ѩ𣿺úúãۼҾͳȫ㡣
˵꣬һӣһ֣ʿ꣬ռǵԷǱ߿ȱˡ
˵̫꣬ߺߵˡ
Ҳ֪º۾ﲻɳӣͽ½ү޵͸ˣֻ°͵źá
εذ˰ͷһѷ½쿣ӣ֡Ϊæ
ɽԱߣһʿæܹͬһͽ½̧ȥ
½үȷʵǱˣ˸ľͷһںһСʿֱ̧ͦͦ˽ȥ
ǸˣֽҲڸս½̧ʱͶһڵϴˮ½쿵ĽžҪ͡
ڴһʹãֻҪһˮ군ˡ
ôˣЩ⡣
ڿЦСѾͷϷˣ֪˵˲ˮȷ󣬷ˡѩһһ꣬ȲܾȻ
ԭ򣬶һա
ΪҪ½·Ӿͺһ˳ȥ
Ժѩ࣬æһ죬ӺһС
һյΣڲŻعүǲΣȻүˡУүȻү˵Цġ
Ǿ֣Իǽ
һЦģΡ
ˡ
ʲôʡ
ӵ˵ҼүʲôˣǿĴһӣֵͷԪǻʵҲĲگġҺ֦Ϸ˿ɿ٣ʲôΪ̣ĺãࡣ
ʲô߰ġڹЦӵ֣еȴֵûнֳȥҲûзŭ
ʱĵʿڣˣˣ½ѹˡ
½ֻһ£ϲסŶ¡
ȻҧأһòȻģȥһֱ´졣
¯յʢӶӳúˡ
¯ߵľȴװѩһʿץѩʹš
ã½үһ˻ǻţ
½ȻǻŵġԱߣһϵʿһ뽪½쿵ĿУ½ˣ˸½ͬоɣǵõ½ʱҲʮ͡벻һۣôȥˡ
Ǳһõˣȡ⡰Ҵһù񸨣سŽ񡱡
ǻʼҵۣһõ⼸ʮʲôĴٹû뵱½˵Ժաż꣬½˾Щꡣ
½ǻ԰׵Ҳһ˿
һɳ½ү̾Ϣһ΢΢˫ۣȴˮ
ڼ½ᣬȻ⣬ȴҲѹүسˣҪظһ˳߲סһҹ


237 浽ʱǸ
һõܹڻƼҵһʮ꣬ƽӴĴǳ͢سԼӺеģȻ֪ڡ¹½ҲԸѾ֮ضĵز
¾һף½Ѿûˣƶˣ£ֻԸһˡ
Ȼʹͯ˳ȥ
½үĬĬᣬöӶЩġ
Ȼǵ죬ȴ½ǰڿɶȴҲһʮĳ˿޵ø˶һ
ͽ־˹ȥ½ˣ㾿Ҽүһߣ㶳ЩؼңѰпǧ𶳳ôǡ
½үȴûȥ־ĹٷһĨЦָָԱߵĴ󿻣¡
ȴһ
ڿߣ½үͻȻ˸̬ȣ΢΢飺ү뽲
½үЦڰڣ½쿻СˡҲþ˳ӣȴֵͬ˳ȥڣٺ٣Ϣˣܹ˵ϻˣô쿴½쿵ЦǲǾΪ⣿£ӽΣشܴ󲻹һ֡
ʲô£ȴˡסү½ֵĸףǳ½ʲô̬ȣҿɶǿеģҲۡˣڣ£
½쿣ڣԼҲûˣƴҪһ䣬ˬȥˡҪ͸ҹؼȥ
ŵáһʲôСҳˣ
װ޹½ү۾ҪˣСѾˣҲǽ֪ġڣʵСǲȥˡˣˣ½ҵˡ
˵ʲôҼүôҲǸӣ˾ӣôͬŮ˽Ѫˣˣָ½үԼҪôҼүǿɶˡղҼүͲڳǰ飬˲źأ
½үŭȣʲôݣһŮͬ˵ʲô죬ڣҵĹأ
ڿЦһĶӰ˰֣ʾ͡شҼҵļһǶӹģҵĹء½үҲҪ룬Сҳһ£޹ء
½쿲ţֵүںôҲǸԪϾǴǣôܸɳԻǰ֮£Ӻú׵ġ½ңɣ͵ҼɱǺɱ½ˬŮŮˣڲ֪ҿ׵û治񡣻аСҪң϶Ҳ˵ͬû˽飬УѰű׽ؼȥǰ½ΣСڴҲ˵һأ
пܡ½үȻѾЩڵĻ
ڣС˶ӵĴ飬ȻһͻŹ֪żʲô
½üͷڣ㡭Сû˽ȻѾЩڵĻˡ˵֮ǰ̰ͼ½ȨƣԼŮ췹Ҳ½ҵı˹үĻɿͬʵܣºֵƣȴҿ϶ˡ
Ͼڿǵ˴ԵȻ½ˬ˽Իǰ̵
ʲôССȻӼĳȴТһһСû治񰡣ڿһ䣬һѾ˵ݶˣүҲҪٵһ֪ˡʱûŻٵҼҺɱ١Ȼ
ƵҲɱ˴Բ⡣үմôɱȥҼңŹҵĹܼңҲܾôˣ񡣡
ڰڣ˸֦ɪȻ½Ǹ
½үм½ѧ˰ɣΪ˽ѧûдƪ£ʲôһţ۰ٱ÷򻧺Ըһʶ½ݣȴС棬Ϊʲô¶дʲô֮Զ˵ڡʶƽˣͳºֵˣӼǰ˵ϻˣ̭ϷҲƽϣ½ȴǺˡ
ΪӸǰߣͷɵȥˡ뵱꣬½ҲҲݡ֮ŪΪԣ˼׮¶
Ҵ³綼ԣġүڿͷȻ˵ȴ½ҵһ顣浽һ죬Ҽʱ浽ʱǸ֣


238 
½½ի
ҹѾˡ
½ҵļҪﶼĿ䵽½ϣвͬȴʵ˼½û˵֮ǰ˭Ҳ
ͷӲǸҵˣԴ˳츮Է촵˷֮͵ղϣôҩҲѹסҲֻ֣¶ȸߵʱһһȴȥ
ѾҹͷС࣬Щֻ̧ǵ񲻶ɫؿŶӡ
Ҵ³綼ԣģүڿͷȻ˵ȴ½ҵһ顣浽һ죬Ҽʱ浽ʱǸ֣仰һ˵ڣСɫͱˡ˵ʲôҪ½ҸǸиĹܼҸҩѣҴˡС˵Ҳ½ҵˣȴͷǰ˵Ծֱӡ£ͺݺݵһӣ˵ʲôүǷֱйۣϵӹȥһ֣˼ҵǸ¾Ͳꡣֵ˳츮ȥҲҪһޣҲ֪һүһ뵽ԺүһǻʱĹ⾰о£ֻһݻسѡ״ˣҲϡ
½үѾϴϣһʵĽۣϯ˵üɫ裬̲סҪһڴϡ·ˣͲܱԼĵ⳩졣
ֻϧѩϹһ磬綳ˣիסشű飬һҲ紵˼ӣԵЩǱ
˵⻰½үͻȻǰڱвʱһȲм̾ϢģȴͻȻŭ
ʱҲǾɥһʱΪһ᳡˵ôһݻ
ȴЩڡ
½үȴЦϾˣҹԵüΪҲãҲܸһɫƣΪ˵Ͱβȥˡ½ûƽºûзӣССڻסֻһСľʥݣȻû㡣ȴܲϸӣˣɸ״ϡԸ״˵ʥ죬¶ҲһЦ֮ˡ
½Įؿ½쿣ûӻӡӣǳ׵ˣȻͿ黹ᶯӣȻһĶȵӣܱϴ¾֪ɣ˻֪ӵƣȥ©ĺá
Ϊ½ҳӣ̫ûеˡ
Ҳ½½½ҳԭȻ϶ɲɰӵѡ߸½ߵһ
ʱȾͿȥˣ½ϴһ֣½ԲҲ
û˵꣬½ϴһվ˫һ΢Ц£ݴĳ˵ꡣ½챣֮Ҵʥ£Ǹɵġ½ѾһûϳֲС׻˵úãݻö߶ܽǵάϵסˡ
ڲдһʯͷǡȻƿЦȴ¹ʶд͸ˣǸϰɣĵٹ֣ȴҲ֪һʼҪڸԹǰ졣ʶˣ˵ϻˣʲôҪҲᣬҲ֪ЯһˣһҲͬһ½үж裬Դϴһ´ŭ£Ѿ֣һ겻棬ʣ֡ʣ棬ҪҪĹͷǾ֮һСᣬҲû棬ֵҵĴү
һ˵һ̾ϢŰͷ
½үһȴ÷ϾǸ״֮ˣǸ׵⻰ʲô˼
½үҲԣֳ˵ˣҵùϸӾˡ
ͿͿһֱû˵½ҡͷ
״ˡ½үסˡ
½ָŴʱͬ
ʱ¹ϵ½棬үӣԹǾͻʡ½Ҷһ¿ƽԪɱô̾Ϊʲôȥ۽㣬ֱȥǡӳУ³ƶȣộ˾𣿡һ»ãǣ浽£ֻ½ʣͳɥʧˡ
½ү˴е˼кˮ£лָ㣬ѵ֮𣿡
Ҳǣõķӣ񣬴˵£ҲøҩǮ
ʲô½үû˵½ϴȾͰͲס͵ָŴʱǸ첲հȻű˵ҵˣڿĵӡʲôҪ½񣿡


239 ʵĶ
ʵĶҲģǰ쳣䵭½ͻȻһŭҷҪļһɣô˻ȥô𣿡
˵껰һԡ
һȣֱȵþ춯أҲˣͷҲˮ
ǰһήҵҲڵس鴤ӴӺڵشϢ
һ˲ݴӻͳһŰ־ϡ
½ү½ү󾪣뺰һ״ˡͬʱȫȥסס
ִݹǣҲûٷöͬʱһᡣ
˶һˮ½үæӹšõëײ
ܣ״
һ½үŤͷȥȴŷ־мɺɫѪͬ÷
½ү۾һ죬ˮ״ˣ״ˣöȥ񣬶ȥˣǧӡӲТ˳˼ˡ͹ȥСǹǰԣֻҪܿġ
ģԼΪῪ𣿡½ҡҡͷɻغ۾ˣٲ˵ӡ
½ϴ϶ͬʱ۾Ŵʱ
ʱŵλү½˼ˡ
½үһʩ񣺡±ç֮ԭ£ԡ
ЦŴϳż㣬ݸˣʵ̫±çˣһСҳߵϢ϶ΪҲ׾ʦɱȥκԩֹϵ˼ҵǰ̣㼱۲Ź֡
æӹżһһ½дģ˵С͵͵س˴׷˹ȥҪһȥ档˵Сԣϲ֣һ˵һһ֮أ̲סȥѾڴˣֲרͻԴȥݣһӡĻ»һӣȥӡ
һ½СдүүģдõǼ򵥣˵ڼ÷ˣȥˣӡκӣеǮҲ³ڳף֮ɾûôõĻˡүүͿҰɡ
סЦС뿪½͵͵طУ½ϲǱע־ϡիż鼮öڴ⼸Ϊ½ӲãҲ͵ûȴǴˡֻҪȥͨͷţܽסС㡣ңҡүԩˣѧҲţƢ˵ҲΡ̲ϣʦ֮衣
Ůţ½үɫ֪࣬ԼˡһǸԴģԼȴշ񡭡ͽӡ
¹ϵ½ҵʤСڣæòɵ£үڲ˵顣ҾðɣݵɴСүͲϣϾ½ʥġؼϣѧ˽ⲻŸ߹Ϊңܾ˼ůϿˮӣȴһ¸浽˳츮ȥ˵ССڲڣү㾪ݵҲӲȥ浽Ǹʱ½ɾͼӡ
½үһСѧõʱҾ;ŲǸʡ͵ĵƣҲһʱͿҡǿ̶ӣȻҪһġ
½ϴҲصص˵ͷΰ˼ҵļҶˣִˣ˭ʲ½ССľˡֻϧǶ˽־ӣȴǲҶ
ˣҲõ̫䣬䡢Ȼ㲻ϣȴҲǳ͢ԱȥһССľӵǸ
½үҲɫȻСӵͷ첻
̾Ϣһ½ѩҲ½ү˵ˣĲֲҲܲ³飬ֻ¶үҪ֮ѵͲֵͷ˵һǸ
½ҵλ磬˵ҲһĻţеĻȴ㽲
һڲ˵ҪõǸ⳥ҩѺһӦʧûָҪ˭ԵǸ
λ½үͬʱ۾һ໥˿Ǯ½ҲȱؼӲܶ
ҵʱ򣬶ֵõķӣŹڹܼҵҲõķӣүû˵Ҫֵġ춯ֵļ˽ھˡ
½үͻȻˣմ˼죬Ժû𣬻ôˣģһûе˾һɢͲôˡ
ɿƵı飬½үֻƵص˵ͷ


240 棬ʱ
ܿ죬½үһβԼڼȥġڴ˵Ķʮҩ½үԼҲûǮи˼ͳɡ½ʲôݣһ̨ףҲҪ
һȥ
ջعͷȴ½ͻȻץϵһ̸ڵؿ
ʱΪƵСԣŴƳɣмӡ֥顢ɣΩûзǡ½ⲡҲ֣ر죬ȴܶԣֻҪһͻᲡҲܶš
½
½ûͣ£ɺݺݵسţһɵĿģźݺݵҵóԣöգһҪܼͷˡЩɣһ˵аɫķĩ·ŵѪĭӣôʱһۡ
æһˮݹȥ½㣬㡣
һˮͣЩ½Цô󵨣ΪһƨͶýʲô׾š˭׾ǻϵģǹˬԸ޸͢£˽Ρ½ҪȨûŮֵ÷зҲû͢ѾһƷĹְҲܶиˡϴ϶ýȻͬ˵һӹʵġ浽£ȴҪ֮ǲƨɣҪڻʵǰǵˣٺĿ⣬޴͸
λүҲǱӸסˣ˭Ҳû뵽ھȻڻߡС˵Żӹ½еıӣ½½ֱ档
ҲΪ˵飬˶ʮˣһͶȥˡҲڣЩûкúý̵Сˡ½̾Ϣ½ǲɵˣڻȴҪҪʱ̡
½˼ǣ
½½ĿǰֻҪסȫסЩµ˶ˣȵԣһǻȫ̰ˣи㡭һ¡ȿȡ
ֽȥסԼ͡
æ½ıģ½뽲
⻰ô˵ΪǸֻ֪ʸ˵ڱǰȡ֮ˣǶСˡʱҲΪȻΪҵʦ;Լ͸ˡ˵½ҲճǱǸۡ˵Ĺ⣬ڰٹֺγСˣ½̧ͷ۾ȫỨЩ꣬Ҳսս˱ˣ۹ٴС𾴾غһˣҲⲻһ;ñӡϴ϶ȴôͿһ㰡ǼҵĸȨƶԻϣϲˣˮ¾лɼһɢˡ
֮նҿ½һͦȥ㿴½ִһµݸʱϵӣڸ˾ˡ
ʱӹȥһϵ£һӵڵϡ
½ϯңοеʧⲻΪĿʵ£Ϸʡɶϵˣڡǿˣ벻㲻˵ϸϵߡ˼ͱ£ɲҽ̵óء
г⺰ȥȥѴүͶү
á½ȴһЦ˵ǻʱ㻹ΪǸ֮ͽǿˡҲǴĦˣʵֻǻʵ۵˼ֻǱһӰˡΪԣԱµֶΣҪԻסңһǽܶڻϿ㲻Ǻû𣬸˰Ȩأãܴ򣬶ڽңúúã֮ʯȻսƽֱܶҲûҪˣؾǲɡ
Ҷǻʵ۵˱ˣүӢţҲֻһӵϻܹ֪һ˼ȴһһ׼ֱ£ǽ־ֲ½ЦҪˣֻнʿٺ٣үİţҲС㿴Űɣδڸܹһϯ֮أ˿ɶүԵеģֻ꣬óˡ֮ڸү̶߹žϳټںѪգ;ġϸϾЩ̹˺ôѾ˵Ļᣬү
ʱȴסˣĿܣһССľˣ𣿡
ôܣ´ﶦʢʮû⡣괺нʿ㺲֣ꡣµطһ֪꣬ؾλϹһ£ˡžǼξʮĽʿɣʮ꣬ҲˡүˣҲְɡֻϧǿһˡǳ½ҽ£һڣϣ
ô½ǰҪãڶү𣿡
ԡ½ɭȻһϸӣʾ֮ͬ飬£һ½ȥһּóöǡֻҪסĹλδ½ҾжɽĻᡣԼԼ궬ġʱ򣬳үĿˣڵǷڣ½ǰ塣


241 β
½һѾ˵˼ЩԵζ
ʱһᣬһǰάֵĲɫ򶨵ģٲڡ
͵½ƺʱ̡ϵȻֻҪͦ죬δûпľ괺ʱ̡½ҵ֧ɵõء
½ȴ˰ͷˣ˵˵ûֵˡұ֮ǰٲ˵һ䣬ӴˣԼͷӵĻδýȥǳҲãҲգԼѡġǵ½ҲˣݻһءʱЩңίˡ˸ң˭Ǹ߹ٺ»ȴһֻڸһСС˲ãΪҿأڣͷ׼ֲܵģ֮ǰȴûк³λǲٸģҲẦ㡣ֻҪ㿪˵
ʱѾһƬ˳ϵϪˮһ£½治ǵǲȵģô٣ЩߣȴҲܵ޾ٹ⣬˻Ʒأο½ļˡǮƣЩҲЩ޶ŮҲûʲôô½濴ûõķˣȥݡ
ãԽˬȥվߣҲüŻͣͣĴܹҪϵ˵ǱҲûʲô˲ţȷʵҪİ½ַڴʱֱϣģˡ
ʱ֪Լû취ͬ½˵ȥѾ൱йˡ
ͽͷһš󲽳ȥ
Ҳ֪½ûպûһߣ

ϧٲˡŴʱԶȥıӰѩڲͣţڵƹͬһɫĻ
ի໯÷ƿװ˰ƿˮ·÷
ƿϻһָ߸ָ̧һֺա
ָո
½֪ԼʱˣԵҲҪˣֻҪ֮һ
ڣ缴׺͸߹
δž˵ġ
ǲǼ籡һֺա
ᣬð
½ر۾յʱ⡣

⼸գѵõ봺ǻ¡ʵǱߣѾȫ̿ͣۡ˵컹治ʩġɻʵӺò˸ģҪۣ˵ҪģĹԱǻץ죬ǲǸԼҲ
Ϊ˼ӿȣЭţԽ̰˸ԣĸΰ硣㲻ʵӣܵҪδɺ͹˵ӰɡǳѲŶ֡
һֿ̱֣ЩʮͰʮٶȵζ
ξҲֱܲӰȥ»ʵǰסıطʵҲܲɾãݷоСϢԣطʲôģ»ʵס棬ϲټŮӴħ裬úס
ǣξʵҲʶزȥ
ڣΪûȥ֪ǰסһӡ
طˣڸ˾໹ûʼһ£Ҷ֮УҲûʲô¡
ÿһȥһˣʵʲôԸдһƪʣ¼һΡʯͷǡ򿴼˾תӡЩͨܰá
û£ܻؼˡ
֮ԼҲЩӣеļʤ˻ʹȥо黹ûԹýżڳúù䡣ԳԱˣ飬²ʲôġ
ʵ˵ĺܶ¥ķҲôû֦պáѾþƲθڵںͶӶûʲôɳԵġ¥ԷҲͼմ־ԶΡ
ǲôŮģȴûϾǸִˡϽֲӣʲô˼
ǣŮҲһˡ
ʱӻЩԸ⣬һ仰͸˵ˣӣһִŹˣ˿һǸͲͬɱۣƽ׻˲ԩǮ
˶ӵ㣬Ҿ֪Ҿ֪үǸң֪ιˡС˶ǣɣһǵøһȥֱƭˡ
ʵŮҲϲֵˣôڿںһż棬Եú˷ܡ
Ůʱķӣ˶ݵСбƣɿݵͷҲ𽥺
ŮӴͷڴ󿴿ʱͷӶ˵ϼʲôʱЦ
أ˵һ仰
⼸մľ¥ڴŴҶԱˣԾͿʼϵͨСꡣ
С꣬˸λãҲ䣬ֻϲѩ˺͹Žֵǹӹŵζ
ŮӻվڽǸǺ«ķǰ˵ͣڿۡ
ûиڿе˵Ҳñ̫ذѾˡƤ˵򲻻ڡˣ˳ȥˡ
㱻͵Ϯȣˣ˶ڣǺ֣㻹Ǵ˼ˣҲ㲻֪ʲôط𣿡
Ѿ֪յ飬Ȧһ죺ү֪С϶ϵԩˣҲġȴ֪СĴʲôط
ָָŮӣչ֦ڼһβͬȻģǼͬ˽֣߶šʲôĻˣԺšɼ˺û취ֲˡû֦ŮɽңҲڵˣȻϣ̡Ժ飬ȱˣ̸ˣ
ǣСסˣү壬ҸŮûѱС˲Ϊ±˰ǡ˵ţͳֵָָ
ŤͷȥһЦԭ˵⼸βͰǾǺüˣйģ
ǼǱ£ȻǸ֡Ǳ͵ϮȣҵĶ֡үҪҹȥǸʰˣ
ĵʰʲô׹Цء÷ģһСƿӣǺ«ûС

ֶ棬õļɥվ
ͷ¿ôѽ˼Ұ˲ҪǮҲҪġ
Ŷ˵ЦڣβҾ;ڲԾ½үߵˡ


242 Զ򵥻
˵ҲְǽǲҪץʲôˣʲô¶͵ð˷ĵϸһ顣ϣͿؾͳȥǵɫԱģǵһΡ
ǰºˣү½ү澡ɨȴǳסҲ룬˼ʲôôЩȵС;ûܵġ
õķСš
ˣͱˣ˭֪ССһ˾Ȼߵˣôһ¹ϣҲԩβ岻סͷ˹أȻڵļˣĲȴһûȡҲûΡҲ֪˾֡
˾֣ڸ˲ˡһ¿üͷͷ⼸Ǻû˵ͲԺͷϴˡʧҩǮҲһû٣˼Ҿǲҵʲô취ڰҪ½ү½үϴλүȴ϶ݶʹʲôǸɹ£ͷϳеΣҿ½Ҳǲɵˡ
仰һ˵ڣ˶ɫ䣬ȴԼͬ˵
Ƿֱţ˵Щˡ
ˣЩôܹ˽۹ٳβɫһ䣬µۣȴˡ
ͷô˾ʮıӵҲûְؼǴģôȥҲǰ취Ӽգ첻ò½үǾǻ쵽ͷˡ
˵ôβ巳յ߽µĻѩֽŵ׵·Ϲ˹Ρ
ͷ⼸ҲûţǴڵһϸܹ׮֪ڵլǰ˭Ĳҵ𣬱õġ
βЩ⣬̲סתͷȥõģôȥģ
ͷԼ֪ɣںͽϵլӾ˰͸ڵġ
˶ؽгˡ
β૵Ҿ˵ڲ򵥰ɣͶϵУҲǽ鲻ǳǱ˿˵ϻ⽻ã˼ɴܣǷǣȥ֪ô
ֺһЦͷʵҪҲãͬµķеݹϵ·ӣڣû׼¾ƽȥˡ
ãµôβһҲȣֺõĻֺáǣڸͲǣ⡭ָΡ
Цͷо仰ֻЦأ⼸վںˣʲôʲôһǮˡүʲôˣȨˡȵүˣ˵顣ʱүֻº޲ϲӬһǸߣһҲôҹȥˡ
һϯһ˵ڣ˶˵á
βĿ죺ðɣǱϾǽ׾»Ц
ЦʲôСǶͨˣ˵Ҳòʲôطͷ룬žŸϵ°ɣΪֺϸϣҲд蹦̵µʫʡŸϲЦʲôѽǱ£Ҳϲ
βƬ̣Ȼ԰ɡ

ζΣһʶӣһֽһǴŹǼнǰĵ
ǴŹòŹǳʽɫ滹մ֥顣ղų˼飬÷ǳãе㽭ķζ
˵ڣСӵɫ˻Ǻзζġ
ԲղǱǺ«ʵ̫𣬰ʲôζѹסˡӻش˵
ŹȷʵòȻүϲҾʹһȥܲԼǵŮôֲ˿ڣһһ飬Сĵҧţڷеĳɷݡ
ĳˣСԺ͵ʲôĵǺó
ȴͷóԣ˷ˡúõţһըֻʣͷҲûʲô⡣
ڿѵҲһε顣
Щ˼׾ƣСʡ
˵Ѿ˸ǮˣһҶ͹澹һǴŹǣ˵ǸǮ˵Ȼλϲʳһ㣬ôȥƷ
˵곯ָָڵ˾Ϳſվŵβˡ
ӴŭֽҶӵϣ˭ҪǮģûǮ𣿡˵򣬾ͽһǮϡ
Ҿͨһڵϣ̣ͱǮˣС˻أүɵﲻ𡣡
ԭǵѾϳβݡ
ҹ£·ַ׷ΧۣڲΧֻۣüͷ߰ɡ
ڵļƻǹ֣տʼʱСǼɶɶɻûʼۣԱ߾һ򵥡
Ҳÿڣκζֻ迴һۣ˰ͰͶ͹
۶η쭣ǰһֺõЦݡ
Ūý϶䶯ˣΪӺ֦ļҵĹ΢Ρ
ֹȥҲûκ壬ֻôشظ
⻹ꡣ


243 
صңƨɸӣûһˣӽԺӾɨԺӣֱ̧Ϸߣ˵ڼҵмѾˣҪµġ
ţһ󳵰ײˡ
βǾûֻҪԺܻһˡ
÷ȺƤȴûκΰ취
ڿֱͷλĽžϰոɻˮ鰡
βգʵûͬĥ䣬ͬ˵һȥԷҪʮ£һжɶ
ڶβ壬ʵϣѾʮˣմĹأÿʱ򣬳͢ҪĲԤ㡣ΪڻʵߵĽȻⲻҪȥæ˵Ҳһѧϰĺûᡣ
ңڼ䣬ͬʵһƶȸˡ
һΣԾڶգڲ£ǹϵǰ̵Ĵ£֮ǰȥ񲿰ϡ
Ȼ˸ԨУְ񣬿ڹжΪûƷҲֲۡˣڸ˾ƶȵʱҲûгϯ뿴סž˾ʲôģġ
ҲǺŴӻƽ˲ĴΣƶΪǣ漫һڸ󳼸߹ļԡ߹ӼȾϧΨһķߣ˾֪ξֱԵ㣬Ϊʵ۵ļūȻԻʵհ
ڸ԰ͲԼܹܵһ󡣶θһ򲻹£⼸ͱϸѹģȻûзžһʵߣ룬ƶȿС
ԣƶûκ赲һ˳ʵʩĵʽ䷢ۡϣͨȫ
Щϲ㽨ͬҲûκιϵԷʮգЭʵ˼Ŀ֮󣬼ξʵ۾һ¼٣һȥ񲿱Ǳ
Ҷգؼ֮󣬶ӵ˼ڣȻʮ־ϲСӷүڻˡųУμӴǵľӣүҲûˡӼգֻ¾ˡ
ڹһЦǰλؼңȥοġˣǼƨأ
ʵõļʻãһʣӾŭɶǼʵ̫ÿһһ͹ڻ뿪ηǽҲǡҲǱܲˣǵ񣬴ǻȥˡ
Ӻڱ½үһɫȴ½ýףڼ鷳
ڻ½үһûģֻһζί½ļҳǰ;Ҳ޵ý
⼸Էϰ࣬ΪһĿȴڹŴ˻Щˡ
ͬ˵һֳЩϴЪˡ
һҹȻ˯ڶʱŴ֤˶ӣʳǵĴš
ĻʹҪΪʳǺͽС
УоνϽǣǻʵۺͺǵסʳڸصڵء
ҪμӵĻԲͬԣֻ˳츮ĹԺɣӦȥ˾
񲿷Ϊĸ˾˾Ƽ񡢾񼰹ѧ񡢿ƾٿ£˾Ƽ˾Ʊ񼰽Ӵ񣻾˾
ΪԼ磬ʵϻǳˣϸ飬˾ڵԺʱԺѾˣ֮ޣһԺӼˮйͨ˵˶îʱڻʳˡ
ǰһʱ̻ʵߣʲô鶼ޱȣȴûʶֻðеĲͷ
αҪݣϾϵرŴûƬ֤ЩҪһһ˶ԣٶȻ첻
ʱһһţܿ͵磬ԺĿûȥ˲١
ֻ綼ԴϵѩҲȵһͿòӡ
һ˵ÿλԴҪȡʿͽʿͬʿʮȡһ㣬μӻԵĿһˡһйľˣ;ÿ£꣬Ľ̲˲Ǵعʣˡ
ֵʱѾģ
˵˳츮ȿƽԪͼ¼СһĽ˵ˣ˵ͷڳ˵ãһʫҲдüã벻ȴ㡣
аԵ⣬ҪСȴڵŵϣȴǱ˵ġ


244 Ĺ
Ǹռԡ飬ֻЦʡҲٺݣڶװӲҪӦУ߲ѡӦһ
ڸ׸ڿ֮СšǡĶӣ㵸βסϲáһͷѩ׵ķҲ޷Զ
ξʮĲԤѾƶҲѾöһжźõòںõķǰδһĲδҪõ֣һǿϵ
ʵҲϸϷǳأɢʱר˵˼仰Щ
һıԾһüĸо
Ǽʮ˷κЦȴֲңܡ
ѵøһأҲһϲɺص顣
ֻСǰͷʲô
δãΪڸ󸨳֮һ湤ɵȴûвμǰ顣ˣղŶһһｫͷβ˵һ顣
մƶȣǶ˷纮߻мûд֮ǰܲμӳᣬʥΪĵֿͬһС彡˵ҲʲôɶЩ󳼶ȴġõǴȾȥμӳᣬһӰ˶ȾˣôҪͣڡ
ҲΪˣСϾȻôһش顣
ֻܿ׵ĸճ͢ߵĶ
ƫƫϸǽʿ֮Ҳϲ£кŨصշ˵ҲǼ飬ʱʱһʫʣʲôġ
޿̣һûõĻͱ˵ˣص̸ɡ״ˣЩġ
Щܹ֮ڸ׸λ֮ȣǿôĦʵ۵⣬дһֺʡûԼλֻһ춼ȥ
ǰһӾΪԼûԱ߳⣬ϵ֮ƾʹǰˡ
СƣǶɫ䣬æųݣŹϡ
һԣЩΣס죬ګګͳһֻǦʣֽдһ֣ˮƿ
Цǰ֮󣬱Ϊ˵˼仰ô˯ÿɺáô˶ʮ֧ǦʸΪʲ˽ۣʹҲǷ㣬ʱдˣʾ˵ڸĸǶϲһСӣһʲôСϼҲǡǺã̫ˣ۲Ҳ˵ˣͿĵʱҲҪϺõİͷȥ̣ʳ֪֮谡
ˣ޿ˣʵ£ͬҳǦʲô
һ𣿡ȻؿŶӣ㶣ŵϼҵȨȫȻԱµţʥĴĦдһֺʡʧȥ˱µĶ裬ȻҲ̸κȨˡգµΪ˵˵ΪүĿлеλģ˼һյ֣ϼҿϲ°
״ԲäĿֹۣʵҪҲɲҷƢǿѹͷŭϼҵȨƿĿɲǻдƪʣҲǿôĦ⡣ӹŵ񣬴Ħʥ߿ɶûʲô³״ˣܹ֮Ϊûʲô˱ҸǮԣǮܳ͢ĿʲôӣܻӲǽǽؽάֵڱĵزүҲˣֻƽƽİ꣬ԸˡҲֻҸӣݱ¡ȴˡ
ȴˣһ
գڸ󶮵ƵҲֻҶˣ񣬻ʵȴž˸ڱõʱʾϵֶΣʹõķӣֻ±һǿϰ֣ڸȻͽǸӱȥˡֻҸ׵ʥֻԽԽԽ˵Խأס̾Ϣһӣ֪͸ǿȥμǰˡ
ûôذɡЩΪȻǣԼӵֶκͱ£׵Ƕӣϼ͵²֪ٴˡ
ǰ飬һԤ㣬µƶȡһϲѶ˷ܵüͷֱʣ겻ȱǮͷǧϷʡǸ֮ء˵ˣ֣ʡ迨˰һȨ֣һɲҡ֮ҽ֮£ܶͲˡ˿͢Ƕҷǳεġٳ裬֮ǰй֮
֮꣬ϰأһЦֻԶˣһˣҸҲ֮Ҳ
ʲôôܣ˼ǱҪҪˡǸӡһǦ߶ˣʼ̽ġȻ׶˵ʲôǰ˵Ļ޲Ӧ飬ԶӵĲܣ׸һäĿΡ
ûɫɭûСҳ꣬ͳ󽫾ȨһץԽ͢гＯǮʵĳİ䷢£ʹǿˣֻΣ
ʹǿˣƶ鵯Ҹӣꡭʱ򣬰չأҸӺͺְֻܴܶӡһбѪа
ûմٳϵĹأȷӦˡ˵ľˣ͢͵ڼ䣬״ԪҲΪи׸ĸףܵʹǵĵ͢ŲòһҪְ̬֮ʢһ£ҸײְɣȻɨأƱȻһǧɡȥڸ󸨳ְɣλı˼һҪҸӣ뷴Ҳ֪֡
ԶԶԣǸӸô
ô־ƶʹˣүǸɱġͻȻƽһ֣˵
֣
ԣϣǾǲȥһְ֣ҲƳ٣úܸɾˡ˵ϴκؾʱǲ֣ÿ꼸ѽʿǶһһιˡȻɱоܷƣʲôܣⶫս£ҿҲѰԽãʿǷԽˣ˭ȥǰ߶٣Ҳûް취а
ĵ˵һ䣺״ߣƽȴýϢӡ빬үɵǦģˣδܱҸӻóáһһͱһȣ˭ù˭
ԽһײײصһϣһϯǴ治ˡ
Ż̻еĸף̾Ϣһ״ˣƶ˭ŪģҪϼڷ˼ⰡһܹƽȥǼҲҪԪˡ
ګګǸڵд£ڱߣǸɽˡˣ˸Ͳ֪ôһ
ŶԭϴдʰܸˣҲǴǴοʼ˾ϼλˡޱ飬ǿŻӿҲһƬҰסɵתͷһ۾ȴɱ˵˽ԪƻμĴǣǱ߿ɶǸ׵𣿡
ǵˡ
ã취ĹСˣ͵øһ̵Ľѵ

ʳǣ񲿡
ֵʱѾģ
˵˳츮ȿƽԪͼ¼СһĽ˵ˣ˵ͷڳ˵ãһʫҲдüã벻ȴ㡣
аԵ⣬ҪСȴڵŵϣȴǱ˵ġ
һ̣ѲֻзɵĵطСЦ
ʣСƤһϵĽʲôףҪ㳤úƲϲ
Щ
ԡСָڴǶļ˵д߲ߣСƤڰɣȫԲϡ㿴㣬һʮϣòãĿ࣬ļ˵𣿡
ԭ򣿡һʹȥôˡϴοԵʱΪòļǼ¼ֳ鷳аӦϼڳ֤Լݣ˳˿ΪҲûʲô˵ģû뵽μӽʿƿԵʱˡ
Ϊƨԭû취Цִˡ
־͹ԼûӣҲΪ̫æһֱûüȥ˳츮޸ĻڻƲᣬ˵ЩѾЩˡ
æ͵ǰϾסʱĻƲᣬʱΪزףҲǳһΪõҲһأģˣҲûа취̣¸ôŪʲô򡣡
СЦЦʵҲܼ򵥣ȣûϾӦ츮ŰڵģһݻƲᣬȻٸӦ츮ſĻƲؾʦ˳ż޸ĻصòȻ󣬾ͿԵˣֻҪȫˣû⡣
ȥϾӦ츮޸Ļڲˣɲһ⡣
ͷͨ㣬Ȼд˺ˮ˱ɴӱȥϾһһҲ¡⻹һ˳ǰ£;鵢飬Ҳòμˡ
˵ĹִһУ˳ؽеļ׼׵Ҳѱط⡣
ܲܲȥӦ츮ʡ
ǡ²УΪû֤ڰСͬؿһۡ
仰ڣĴһǮƱ˹ȥ˳츮ͷԪһͬоٵʮλ֤֤ͬҾڡ
һʮǮƱСд󶯣ˣȴЦˣҲֻ֤˽Ԫ֤ڡ
߼ڳˣ֪ôͶǷϻֽһǮƱݹȥǶʮ
һǮСѹʵϣΪƵӵαҲͬȻо˹ȴΪ֤ȻҲûзӡ磬ʦҴƶȣֻҪнʿ㵣СȥȻڹʲô
ڴϲ͵վһ֣лѣȥѰ֤
ˣǵһҪнʿϵĹʿж֮ˡ
ڵıӰСͻȻ̾Ϣһޱľ£ֻʫһ˭˲ʶϧϧʿ˴ţƫƫȴ躹ޣŪôһ֮£˭أСҪ㣬ʲôӣҲﲻʲôҲǾ˳֣ȴҪΥ֮£
񲿳֮ڱΪ·ǳ򵥣ϸһ룬ȴЩ鷳
öʦӦϼԼ֤õģϧڼϣû취ؾǣһͷָˡ
ȥҷʦܶ裬ǼһԼгɼ
ƽº飿
붼룬һ˵Լ֤ˣԺҲûˣˡ
ȻһʵдʲôòǣСȥһʵۣЦˣֻ¸һ˵ڣʵĿһ£õıǩ
·Ҳߡ
½ңȻǿ֤ݵġ½ҺѾȻˡ


245 
ӳɶ֮Ѿϰ˳˳ˮܶҪȥ⣬ˮɵˡ
ȴĪ飬ʱЩ֪֮С
ʵµĹؼ֮ˣҪԼĽȦ̫խЩ֮󣬳оٺļ죬ͬĻᣬʶ֮ͬ⣬ͬʿҲûʲôӴһǻʵǱߵǣ̫ྫԼҪÿƾٳȫƾ汾˵ʶٶ࣬Ҳܲʲôá
ȴЩˣ֪Ͷʶʿеǰˡ
һʱ䣬ҲûʲôӺ룬ֻøԶڼϵĶʦӦϼдһţ˴ȥʶʦ˼ܹܰԼд֤һ¡
žʲôãʲôʱܴҲұ֤Ҳû취ڼȡ
Ҳû취ڼҾĶ飬ԾϽִϢ
Ŵڵٽ֮һսһգеĶҲԽԽ࣬һҹֶ׽´ۡȥģҡΡ
Լһ£ͻȻʿӣǴ˹ġ
һ۳ϰߣĶԺǸ˵¹£¹ġ
ж˵ĵطⲻ̸ߡ
⼸գڳȥǼҲݾΪĶǶүǣȥó˻ҲλáֻߣֻŹͲ˼ҲݵκܸߣһͨƬ͵һǮӣƽռ侭гġ˵
Դӱռ֮Щ˵;ˣ˵ĸ̸档
Ƕ˿Ҫ⣺͢°䷢ƶȺͼеĴǡ
ƶΪǣ̫㣬ǹٵصĵһΣ뼯ȨȻһͨʹ
ˣʹǻ׷飬ԣ˹һ鳼ɱƽƵġ
úЦԼ֣֮ɰȴԣϻԩ˭˭ȴҲ칫ص㲻ֻⲻ򣬰Ѻ¶ռ˰ɣ
ҿһ裬ʡϸϵĵˡǲͰһĵ̣ѵһҿţǸܲ٣ı֮ѾȻˡģĶڴš
ҿ⳯͢ҲǺͿˣѵͿطȨĴ󺦡ҳ䣬ڿɺãβ󲻵ˡ
ֶˣΪֿ»ʥġ֮֮٣ǹѾ鵽òһǮõĵزòд²ߡֵܱĶϰգҲ˲ˡʵڲУȽ֮ٲó־ǡ˵һɤŵľˣǽ׳˶һЩ
һȴЦҹƱҲǲԶΪ֮ǣܲһǮͽƽȥ¾±ʳ֪ζԺҵս£ҲҿȷʵʥģӦǾͷˡҲŪڼҼҽԾĵز
ȣ֣ǲҪ˵˵δǰɡھѾ˰ɣ׼ˣ
ɤŵľʣ̵ǸЩɥҵĵ촺ˣ뿪ǸʱҶӲʮ꣬񶼳ˣҲ֪ʲôģ밡ҲĸһҪ;ȥѡҲةˡƾֶϲϣԽǿȥԽС꿪Ľʿơ
ЦŰ˰ͷȴûκˣʵûǸˮƽ
ɤŵľ˰οҲԷƱ˵ʵڻԺȻǿһĿҲͬȴ˵ʵڻܹõ˹ģ˭ڰ˹ʱ¹ʮ깤ģдҲѷֳӡܶʱ򣬿ȡ㣬ֵھô꣬ʿҲмģҲˡ
վ˿Ц̨Ҳðοң㱡ʲô˵ԲһҪ¼ûīǰ˭֪˭ѽ
ɤžҡҡͷ˵Ҳô˵ֻҪ㹻󣬾㵱ʱûбʦϣҲᱻѳȷһʿ˿Ҳвˣ˵ٵˮƽʵڵӣĿǳ͢档Ĵµĵز㲻ȥ񲿺ͿҲġ
̾һ㶣˵
ôûУɤž˵ʵϾƾٵʱ򣬽ƽѧʿûȥʲӽʿʱϾѣ֪ôģȻ֪ˣøãҴ³㲻ǲǲΪݰҽȥɡǣһͨգû취ڵǹı½˿
ɤ˵þʣʱҲ
ɤżͬе⣬ŵӵѧʶǼõģдǽһʣӦõͷ״Ԫǡ
ʲôôǵýںһʱõǶ׵ߣ̲סʡ
Ͳ֪ˣΪѧʿʵ̫ã̫߻ʵҪΪ״ԪǣΩӹ鳼ʼɽĲѧ˵׿ƼףΪԪȡ˳ġִ𣬵Ϊ״Ԫơ𡯾㡮⡯ڹ̫ĬȻ񣬱ʹȴƣյȡϼġκ̩Ϊ״Ԫ
Ŷԭ˶ǻȻ
̾˸пˣ׵Ҳǳ˲ˣܵøʿҵ컯δزֻϧ¼ֻһѧʿҵȵҲó͢ͰͶǿ
ǰ¼ѧʿߣмˣ˶̾
⻰һֶĺҪԼһ꿪ʼӪڡ֣ԼǵʫδʣֻͳΪµһӣ̳ˡ
ʱֻųһ˵μӽʿƿԣ񲿵˻òһΪ
ʧʧˣǹŴ˶Ŀȴִ˽ġ
ҲԼǸնһ̳޽˭ɫҿμӿƾ٣ѾǸ񲿣͢ˡ

ȡ¡
ü
ĬĬض豭˼ڣͻȻ⡣
ʱڣӦϼû취Լ֤ˣֻԼ취һ
ǰһԼ˳츮ͷԪǵĻӿǣСܿͱ嵭ˡνһٳ֪㲻иǰףҲֻһٳط֪
ԣڻԼڵֻжٱ˻ǵá
ڸļ֪ԼģȻˣβֱȥĻѣ
Ĳ
ͻȻЩԼˡ
֪ڸĸ߹סžɶ´ңʱеѧɾߵļˣ֪Լµķ
ԸӡͬһﻹǱһľΪá
ǣھòݵϰֽʣڲ¥һ죬ϸ΢ҳÿҳһƪɢġһƪ˹ġһԡһԹźһ״ʡ
ɢѡŷ޵ġ˹ֱõĴԺʱĿĿǶŸġǸߡԹάϪƻÿϪˮɽתȤ;
״ʣȻǡڣղƹ顱ˡ
ģַ񣬻йŵѧĸ߷ֻ֮ҪϲϹӣ϶ܿеļֵ
ڶԴ˳ģõһλݽдԽ忡
оɣڷ±ʣ΢ЦƳ׾׵Ĺ¡
˽ʱΪ˻ȡõΡǰԼ֮һӣȻͶݵϣ׾ʮʱӽϵо˼ʱĴʿ˿˿֣Ц˵׹󣬾ӴסʫоСҰղ紵ʱ˵вˣѣ
ҲΪй˿Ƽ׾׸нʿ
ۼԼогϮʫʣάײڰ׾ףŸ࣬Ӧûκ⡣
ڲԼ֤ˣҲôʵϣֻҪܹͬ۵ΪԼȡʱ򵥣
ڶһμҸĸžĺ棬ڵĵһоͶݵŸ
ŸͦģլӺܴżҲߡ
ɾӵݽȥ֮ȴܿ챻˳ŷضԵڿ˵˵ˣʩֶҲΪֻͬ಻ͬΪ˱ִǲĺáơ
ٿǱоӣ˼Ҹû򿪡
˸ϴûȤֻøǶȥ
ȥ˸߹
ڳ˸ŷӽӹȥûþͳˣȻ󽫲ҳǰһӣһСˡ˰˳ȥ
ԭ߹Ѿ֪Ƴ֮֡ĿУھһСˡ
û취ֻȥ˵ҲЩԨԴϾʱϵѧţͽͽﱲ
ϧǸʵˣ˺ȣֹؼʱ̣ôһӽ棬ֻ˵˲ͣоãٿ١
ڲ֪没Ǽٲ˼ҶԼȴģ֮£ֻƵػؼȥˡ
лһ˿ϣô˵ҲԼоû׼һϲأ
ҲٵȵȣҲվϢˡ
գҲûšÿվԷһˣʵ۴֡
ξһĵʿûȣڹиˣһ̸˰
ڻ׼ˣθڻʵǰ˵Լûϣֻش˵һжѾ׼׵ֻȽˣ
Ϊ˻ȡҲ˼ͬʱͬǽǲμ˲ĻᡣҲ׾ʫδʿɾس룬ھǶȦ˲С
⻹ǲ
ۼǴ¹ȥˣǱ߻ûϢ
ͷҲȥΣǹ׻
Ӧϼŵˣ˵Ҫܻ֮ؾ
Żؾʱƻ˶ˣЩо˵ЩİһʱȻ֪Ǻá
ͨʱڻʵ֪ͻȻ׹֮ԲԼҪΪڵʵУֱӹϵǶƵ̬ȡͬԼӴ̫УͬɣⲻҪܵʹǵķ񹥻Զøһ³װģȻȥڡ
ѩȴַǷˡ
ڲ¥۸̸緢ĿǣڻµΪͻȻһЦģҲǲһ֮ˣô¾˷磬ȥ߸ǵӣû˿֪ˣЩΡۿ־ˣôͬ졢߶ˣԼ̫Ǽ棿
ˣÿԼ
һЦͻȻ泩
ʱֿڲ¥˵վ˺Ǹɤš
ɤţ֣ûվҪˣ⼸նָ࣬󣬸ɴЩҸطӣ˵ǶݡһµŮӣùɫ㣬黭ͨѽǰĻƸѹһͷҪҽһȥ


246 ˮ˼ҺУƫƫϸ
ڿǾΥ˵ģĴʱƼҵʫϣڵĴʻĿڣɶҲ˳ɶһӴ
Խҹ֮󣬲ƾ˱
ַ绨ѩҹ鲻̫ðѧҵæ֮ûȥ̻֮˵ͬҲǷ֮Ȼ᲻Ȥȥ̽ˡ
˵̸ƹĻͷֱһʲôµ˸ȥˡ
£ڱҪһЦ֮ȴһ̲סվɤž˺̵ʿһ֣⼸ڲ￴ϰλͷˣľӣ֮λ̨һ𣬿ɷƬ̡
ɤżкԼһ˭
һЦƼƯ޸ӾĪʡ仰ȴǵӰſջ̨ˡ
ɤź̸̾·ţֿ߱۳Ŀšϴһɳ߱Ĵ۾һͬʱͷ˾߶ˡ
ϣæò販ʿӰ˵
ɤţմһڴǵĿ
Ŵ˳μ棬˻֮ͨ⣬ñԼĹͻȡӣԴűȵٳԱǼ棬ҲһԼһĽʿΡ
ڶһǺܲðξͺλпãһ˵廪ҵģǱоϿ˶ʿʲôģδЩЦ
ףȻͲòչ˵ķʽ˽
ֻεػشڣʿ꣬˳츮ˣյ˱ͷԪ
⻰һ˵ڣлЩ΢΢⡣˳츮üǧţԼõһҲһֵҫ顣ڳУҲһСĻ˰ɣ
ڵҽ֮ǴɤŵľȴЩЦµ£ѧϡƽúܣȴ˼ξʮͷԪڼģʿֽҵļɡ
ڳһ벻һȻҲǸԪԼһ졣ʵڲģ˿أ
̾˸˲ãԵõ°ϵĶ룺ģģˣȴ˼ξʮͷԪ
ҲǽԪĿɿڴؽ˲ʵ̫࣬ҸһʣǽԪΪԼ˸ԪҲǷǳ˲õģܽԿģ˭һʱ壬ӢеľӢ
ΪԼ˽Ԫ֮ôҲˣ鲢ˡһ֪㲻иԪ״ԪҲò꣬־ͱ˸ˡ
һȻ̾˺͵˶ЦʿҲμӱڻԵģҶǽԪԺδزͬ꣬ö׽ǡ
΢ЦȻ
һ˱裬̸
Ҷв֮ˣ˵õҲͶ
һھ;⳶ͷϣ΢Цŵǰ˵ھѾ˺üˣض⾩ǵķ֮ؼΪϤŶλ˵Ҫȥ½ȴ֪¹Ǻεк
ȥӣ̾ǻ֣һɦЦ˼˵Ϊ⼸ھǴǼįýڼʲ̻УҲǲЩмȡ˵£겻ʮͣȻ̸ϣɸ˵ãκӾһƽһתζ澫ͨ黭ͨھ̻һһŮߣһ˾ǽɽȥҲδܼһ档
²ʵ˵Ůӵĳ࣬治ҪֻҪùۣ֪ʶȤֲŻڣȻ׷˵°ɣ޹أδؾƯȥһһ棬ӴΧʼһٵһӡͨҤУñÿҲеģֵֻһǮӡܼ򵥣˼һɤӣֶ飬ддʫһʻⱾ£ȴһŮܱȵġ
Խ˵ԽϾЩӡ
вΪȻȴͣʣ˵¸մӲͷ˻ô£֪ҲǸŮһʫܸһֺð
⻰һ˵ڣ˴ΪϲʿҲʶƣ
ڣǰ棬ӣô˵أ֮ҲΪڳɶʱҾĳ˵˱ǡӦԣټһ档
ԭʿҲǶӣȻӳɶ׷ˡ˴֪֮С
ֵ̾ƹҲϰһ֮£Ϊˣ˵ֻҪһղ;ʲôסǣϵˡҲΪһֺãƹһͶ̻еĿס
ֱ³
ƵӺǺɤӱ˵ȴһԼ⻹ˣؼǲƵӳȥףûʲô»ɫþˣ˾ˡ£ʮһֶüãܸ˾ϲ
ΪµûһǴƳȥҲϴʡҶܣģƵĻͷξ˼Ҷȥˡ
˵ָ̾óӣָ¥¥ԶͿʹ˾ӽҶ˼ࡣʫӡǰոճʫգɶϾӣھǵľӵУѾöˡ
һʫʵڲôҲͨˮ׼ʫóأӡȫʫﳭһϵƷҲʫһء
ʫҲǲˡ
ƲƲ죬˵ЩʲôԱߣҲ֣̾ʫ治һŮεüһ
ô̾һЦ˵һ¥ŮӣǻľˣҪһʫʣƪƪҲһ׵顣ղСôɣ
ԭƷ˵Ȼ˵ðŴ죬̾Ҵ֮ʵ׿²ۣʫһСƷȻȴǿϰղʫСӽҶ˼࡯һ䣬ĳ˵˼ϸϸˣһһˣ£˵갡ʫʫ
νӣǽơĳѧҪЩ˳֮Ϊӡ
̾ŪԼڷ³еļʶһЦʵϣµʫʿɳС֣֮룬Сϵʫ¾һӹ֬׷ۣҲú͸ǡ
һõڸ󸨳¥ŮӵôˣǺ컯
̾ˣû취СϲµˣָŨˡΪݹϵʫҲ˿Ծͽ֮մԼСӣݡҹֳ֪ʲôӡΪֹƣϰӦԵľ˻ȥµ³ʣ̳һʢ°
֣ǻʲôǿЩȥɣˣֻҲˡзߴ
һѣ̾˼׮Ӵһվȴˣɴھ͹ȥȻδܼ¹ȴʫܸŮӣٰһƲˡ
һۣʿ꣬һʣһ
ڼûܾҲûӦʵ֣һʫʹ˻֮ڣ˳ǽ֪Ƿ֪ˣ
̾˿϶صͷȻ֪ʲôǻǿǾһһڡͨϰպʿǿ֪ܲڸ󾿾ļ˵ȴԻһڳʫָơ˵ˣ׷µǺε˳͢ĴٹˣӦԵˡ˵䲻Ļʿһʫ֮ڣͻᱻ֪֪Ҳͱ֪ˡôʿе֮Ҫ׸¹ЩѰ졭ȼ棬һҪһ֮ѡУֻСϵʫ˵ģأ
ЦЦҵû˵ֲСϣ˼δؿϡ
ˣмᣬʿĻ
ӣһµĴûᰡ
ֻҪ
ԴǴʱ֮ͬϼҲǷˡ
£ʿ꣬ǻǿЩȥɣ
ЦЦҵȥ￴ϾЩûˡ£׻˵úã²£˲ɡ
ʿǶ֣˶Щ̾˵ȻʿҪȥˣҲƹҲÿడģƹػǳжġ
̡˼ȥݡλãҲϻҪǡ
ȵȣһ£ƹںδݣæסˡ
̾˻ش˵ƹһֱڳĳӰ
֣һüͷ
ԹݺҵһֱܷУĵ¥ȡʵڲôʲôˮ˼ҺУƫƫϸ߰㡣
ʥԣ˴꣬ͻȻЩ½񱣬ʱơ
ʵ˵ȥ¥֮УЩܲˡ

ȷʵЩɻȴǳĴ󻨿סԺ˻÷òٿ
ƻ裬ѩƮţ΢УŨƢ
ʫ⾳
ʱ磬ûпãǲƽѧյʱ
ôҲ᲻񣬾ôؿڽϣָһһزңˡ
ԵЩң֬ױ̨ϰڷš̯һд˼ֵֽëʴ̨ϣīеī֭Ѿɺԡ
ϣһʯͷǡһ룬Ͱ͵š
ʱ˵ƾƣԴЩκģҲЩ죬Ҳ᲻
Ƹյʱ򣬿һã׵ض˻ƺţҲΪǲĵطԴϸǸµСճÿʮһʫͷȥ֮Ҳòʧȥ˾
ĿǵҲһղһգտʼǽʿˣèܹ߶ˡ
˷ʤ
ѧٵǸСʮ꣬ѾڹʮˡǲƵѧʵϻѾߵְСѾͷҲˣٹͿԵˡ
Ƣ̫ãֻҪԿġ
ԵԾؽ÷£ѾЩˣҪ͵£ֻ¾Ҫˡױɡ
ˣҲʲô˵ġһˣҲǡ
Ҳǰ¹ÿնһεģӣڽ졣
ѽֻȥˡƵһЦ³ӵӣдСʿȥһΪġ
Щûĵġߵվҳȥ
ɵ㡣Ʋ˵ػ˻ʾȥ
˵컰иƣͼǱûġʯͷǡҳһţοýȥ
ʱ򣬾ЦŵҼҹӲã㣬ôûȥֵúܰ
һ㣬ĵѵ¹ˣô磬ˣлҵİ
һ룬ת̫ôǳ¹ӣδⲻƽ
Ҫ¹ӽ
ʱ˵ˣȴ¹ӣˣȥʲôҲƹġ


247 Ȼ̭˵
²𣬲лһ˿ϣȴ¹ӵңҲԵϤɲ˰죬벻ʲôʱôһˡ
˵ԼģȴǹԼʫƳ͵Ĳʿ
ƺ棬̧ͷȥȴһôվԺſڣƮɵİѩͬһˬ磬ô
̻ҲǴ֮ˣʲôĿɲûǰȴûͨ𪣬ǲӢʵϣǷͦεֻ迴һۣӡ
ŵҲֻͨһɽۡɲüüΪճΡ
վñֱһɴݲȵƣվֻ΢΢һЦĴѩ
ˣʶĴ磬ɶһӣʿꡣ
ǰԵøЩƤҲЩҲЩһɳصζ
էһۿȥƾȻЩˡ
ûһڵ״ʣڣղƹ顭Ϊд
ղ΢΢̡
˵ʵ˵ЩҪͬûгϯ³ϣ֪ô˵¡ңЩҵ˵Ҳ⡣
ȴ÷̶СȻûݣڳЩꡣװ绨ѩµĳϼöˡƽ￴öЩŵĲǶԹǰٰǻһŹţʲôʱ
ʱˣľҲƹģҲҪŰΪ˭ͼ
΢΢һüͷƹ﾿ڲڰڣҸˡڣҽȥ
ŭЦżڿࣺ磬һƾۣҲһҲĵط߿ߣȥ
ڵһ㣬Ѿаû˺Լˡ
ʱﴫƵأ빫ӽô졣
ȻڰһЦһӣ󲽳ȥ
㣡һôסֻø˽ȥ
һݣȴڴϣЦеؿŲƹ
վӯӪһü価ϲɫ
ûֲƹɫʲôͬڵ⼤ŭˡ
Ĺүǹƹ˭Ǿֺãû˵棬Ҳһģͼע⡣СҲ˲ٺûƫƫͺصԼһ⣬Ҳûиֻ֮࣬Ź￴
㿴ƹҲͰˣӺٴ𡣿ΪʲôȴĽ͡ݣȫڿһͨھСӣɾ࣬⻹¥ʫƳз֮ʵ̫۸ˣ
ѵһˣϺò衣ڿ˼ۣƵֿʼˡ
ţǣݺݵؽһߵĲ輸ϣ޽ǰļϲסšʣʹ䣬Ӻζ
ڶ豭һڣҽڣϡ£Ҹط̸ʫ˵ȥݼµģϧǱʵ̫õȡ˵ƹһµŮӶȥ˻ͷΣͥ䣬ûˡ˰͹ˡ
䣬ֻá꣡һԭŭһȻСĽϵĲӸϣˤˡ
ϾǸʮСӣʱ÷ɷףָŭҪҼҹ˵ˣȴ˵Щʻ̭ҵȣǺ˼
ڻûֻȵؽ豭£ЦЦСĵ㣬ɻûУ
㡭˵
ʱ򣬲ȴͣһЦͱˣһСӡˣ˵ˣôôòŵ徻úܣɷʧ
һŴ죺λʶ
΢Ц˵ͷ⹫ڳɶʱѾʶˣ񡣡
ڣͦ徻ģԺ÷òϲ뵱꣬ɶ÷ҲòϧΪϷȴЩ˪ĥ£ܹЩϡⱱص÷˪ѩô⡣ϼҵ÷ɻΪ÷ࡣ
һ䵱Ϊ÷࣡۾ȴˡ
Ѿ֪ԼҹĹˣԴһӣеպȫˣо÷ǳˬ
ºһ⹫ӣ첻Ϊ￴÷İɣҲҼҹľˣô֮ǰŲλˣŵߺߣҿҲý
˵ŻͲסЦ
ڣ㲻˵ˣҼ£ƹȴſȸǱ˶˻ͷôʵ
Ȼ̭˵ġ


248 ˭
ɶʿ񡣡˵΢üվΪ˵ˮ
ڳ˵ͷʾ޷
ֽŶЦȴ̭ƹģҹﱾǹʽƽֲϲ̻֮أôôþר˵Ļ
Ϊζ
ڵǰҲƹ֣һõǳ뻯һô˶ȥ˻ͷΣȴǲգھΪƹضỨһ¶
⻰۾һ
Цǲű߼ˣ˵Ͷѽ
ڣ㣬±ƹΣ
ʲôɱȵģͬ˵
Ʋؿһۡ
ԼҹɫأסʵòҲĿãͱȲƹᡣŴһϷŮӵˮ㡣Ҳǽųģǰ¥ѧʮʫʸ踳黭ҲͨҪԣͬҼҹֻڲ֮䣬ȴҲֲ
ڷʣˣƹΪʲôأ
»ãˣиʫ´ʡ⾩ݵˣ˭¥ʮոģ˭Ҳ˭١ɷӴʷȥǼףþˣҲˡ´ʳ֣ȻҪռ֡˶ϲɵӣÿʮµĴ֣˻ô
˵ߣڣЩʲôѲҲдһֺʫʣ
ܲдʫʣҹúܡƵ˵Ȼ·ϣҹҪ˵ˡ
ġ֪ʫˮ׼ģʱú۾ؿ˹
ЦҲǸ๫ϵĶˣֻҪü飬˭ܺϼ䡣дúõģȴû١֪ΪдʫʲôҲţ
һ뵽⣬оЩˣûʲô飬һȥɣҼҹӲãͬ˶˵ġ
˭ѽڹһЦֵղҺʵǲƹѾ߰ɣô
ҼҹǸ污֮ˣþܾˣų˲ٿҵññƭˡһý֪¹дʫʵ˿ǴСĲѧҲŽǰģҲѶãѲ㻹дӮ𣿡
Ŷԭʲô˲ģڱСѾͷһͨףͻȻЩˬСϴαʵʱֲûӮ
һʵʷǲСֻԴĦʥдһֺʫȴǲɵġ
С϶ϣģҲ֪дΣС޷޵ؿڡ
С˵ͺͬ˳ܡ
˵Ҳ֣ƺϲӣҲֹôЦؿŶˣú˼ģ
ѾԿ϶ڽԼдӴʵģʫʵˮ׼ǿҵġæ򲻰
ͻȻЩֶ˼ָм
£һյҲ׷ȥ
дκ治˵ʫһｲСһвǿдҲζͬĿ
˵ϻ߰ɡʼˣ뽫ظϳȥһƤȴ֮ᡣ
ȴûжֶɲý˵ɣкþƾҪУϺûС
Ҫƺˣ
ɾʱ򣬲ȴһľϻӣͳһƿˮɵľƿ浹һСյ͸ľҺ
Ϻõ׾ƣȥɫȴ˱ǡ
ھһ񣬽һã벻ôã׾ƣʮȣҪԡ
Щȣ֪ƹѾղ˶꣬һֱ᲻ÿ⣬벻ȴǰʵ
ȴЦŰ˰ͷߵ鰸ǰ̨˵ˮĥīʿûˣƺεºܣ뵽ΪдһӴʡ
ƾƿƾ㹻ˡ˿¾ƲûУڳһƱҺę́ʲôĻࡣ
ãȥޡƳһȥֻʣһһš
Ƭ̣ͱҾƴ̼ͨ졣
ԽԽ˳ۣɼȻ˰ţȴ˵Щʲôֻ۾޷޵ؿš
ˣͺȶٶˡڽӷ£ߵǰʣҪʼдӴˣˣµʫһдʲô
˭Ȼԣָ¥¥ԶͿʹ˾ӽҶ˼ࡣСԺãʫһҲ˺ܶ깤򣬡ʫȷдòͿʱд˼Ҷ磬ǽˮ龰ڣȻһ壬ꡭôҲдһƪǱˣôдҲдСϵġ
˵Ҫд𣿡һҡͷߵǰ΢һ˼ӣ̵дȥ
ȻڷǳزãȴͻȻû׼дõʫʡҼҹղŶ˹ش˶ȻЩֲȲСϣֻҪˮ׼ҲһƪƷòƹһЩơ
һ뵽Ҳû취̲ͬסߵߣȥ
ֻһۣȴ͵һ֡дʵ̫ƯˣǴʦˮ׼ʫҲͬƯɡ
ʵνòĲ̫Ҫٲǳ̫󣬷³̻еŮӣ˭ǧģɫ˲ǵȶ֮֮¡ʿ򡢶׷ҲǿˣƯ񣬶ǿǷŻڡҪ̸ţ黭ͨʫʸ踳һᡣ
ˣǴͻᱻ¥ʦʮ꺮ҲΪ
ȵʮˣų͡
̣ͬͬĽֶΣʵ𲻴
ĿǰͰڲѧϰĿУƼĹʵȻʮǣҡ
˵ƺʵҲû취ֳ
֮Ա˼Ҷȥ˻ͷΣΪÿʮʫ
ʵŴЩӰǣΪŴҵ׷ĳ̶ȱҪ֡
Ŵʫʳʿ㷢֮⣬һܡиϰд˾Ǵһʽĸ֡
ƹвţһɫȥȥʫʣƣˡ
һ㣬Щһĸ֣һ죬ֻ׳ʾǣûڶµרÿרôһ׾֮
ôߵϣԩ
ڵƯһʼдʫֽϺдʮ֣룬Ĩˣֽ
㾿ڸʲôѽ
Ҳشдһ֣˭
һֽ¿ʼ


249 ̻еĴ
ڽԱʵֽˣӽ¯
һҫ۵Ļ¯һš
д˰죬д⼸֣ЩŭΪڲϷŪԼüβסĻɡ
˴ףɹĵ죬ȴûдκζѵдκζΪ˵ȴ²̨
ˣ㻹ǱдˣдҲдСϵġ
˵һֽ¿ʼڵԽƽѵûд
۲ѧӻ֮ȼ磬ɵʫһСϱȴҪǿ࣬ҸղŲ˵𣿡Ҫ˵ɿ򾲵飬ȴʶ̿һϺõİֽ
ϰʱ򣬲ƹһ־úתĸڶ̶һ֮ھͶ˾ǻšɾ£ȥͻ𣬽ƹѹ̧ͷ
֮ˣΪһζ䣬ʫʴңÿʮһʫƪƪ
ôһʦʫڱ֧֣Ȼվߣɳȥ״벻¶ѡ
Сϵʫʵȷüãܹ֮һ̵ģֻνĺˡ
νӣǼξ߸ѧңꡢл黡ڳкס
ᳫţΪʫ塢֮󶼲ֵһֻҪֳɴǣǳƪģ˾Ϳˡ
˵̲һְΪԣ⣬ڼϡ
Ͼ̲飬л黴Ҳ˻꣬ڳԶڸȥ꣬кҲûھ١
֣ܳСһƴ֮ǶǸɣΪҲֱַ֮ܲ档
ң˶ʫԣдúõȴɢġڳƪһ顷ǲġ
꣬óдϷϷĿɽʦ
ĽƣдϷûıƪתϣʫȴҪ
Ī˵ԲƵ벻ˣҲδʤ
¼䣬ܹʫѹСϵˣֻ»ûг
˲ɣǰֻ˵󻰵꣬ǲС
һˣȴЩˡ
̻ҲУڲ£ȻҪѧ־þաƴƳǻҲȫѧˣνٴһǻ洫һȻ󣬲ʫʣҲҪȫ̼̳ȵʦһСơ
ˣ̻ʦͽϵУܶʱĸŮϵס
ưϣӸϽȻͬиšʵ˵̻еŮӣˣֻʮܹ꣬˼ױͻѰ˼Ҽˡ
Ѿʮˣͻ˳һС
Ȼ͸ӲƵİˡ
ƻǸΪ洫ӣȻҲˮǴߡ̻ҲŵȣĻҪһ棬û²һ˵仰ɻֲƤĵҤʮľ˯һϡ
˺˲ͬһеľΪĵӣǾһվڼߵ㡣
δҲԼ㽣ҲΪԼܹڲ¶ҡ
һУ¶ȥ˲ƵĻͷΣһա
ԸддɣҲдСϡһ뵽ʧȥһߣҲٴڡ
ʱѾʼд
һдͺö֣ٿдֵĶ΢΢չһˮƣ͡һ֮硣
ʱ򣬲ʳнˣд֣ĿȴǾϲȻʮ㡣
ŲŵؽʳϣֶһߵߣͷСĵؿȥ
һƶ˱ӵֶ˰ա
ˡͻȻеëϡ
ǴʣƵΪ˲شһ˿
ûǴʡڴ˴֣Թʫĳǲ׮ǿϽȥɷ½һˣڹʫͬȴЩ˼ôƣҲôʡҳţʵЧΣپдʲô
ιֲ𣬾ͻȻЦ
æӵ˹ȥ
ֽס˻ϣϾһߺȾƣһÿӼʳеСġ
ƻվڸǰ棬ôؿţþòϽ۾Ų
һ״ʶѣôдܹȵùСϵʫͻȻЩֹһ״ʲʮ֣ƹôô죿ѵòɣ˵ҲǿɣϧóȥȴҪСϱȥָûȤҼҹҲԥɣ


250 Ļᣬбԣ
ƻĬĬؿӴʣ촽΢΢⶯ʲô
òŪζ̣ȴѵóԵֺȵ׾ƣһʱ̰ʳȵЩ
һ΢΢죬Ҳչˡ
ԽˣԽԽǲ˳ۡ
üζ̲סԺǳ⡣
ҵñһңѾмûˣѾߵһתͷĿ
Ҫãһϲ˲ͬסг⼸Լҹɥǿģƾͺаһ﷢ҲˣҲˣԵ
ŵˣ˶һɾ
ѵΪڸղд´ʣ
һѵڵĴüãѾͬСϵʫ
ˣ龰ڣˮ磬ȴǵһþֳܱġ϶ͺ٣ܽеļ㷢ظ΢΢Ե÷ǳСĵؽصطŽ૵ȥٵĹöϣ˲Ӧơ
ȻǴƣҪţȴҡվЦߣȥæţҰסַ£Ҫ´ʱ򣬾˵
죬ʿţҶӡƼŶ
ᵽľΪ
ȴһһǮƱ͵͵ڵһʣֲʿ´ʵһȴǲƵһ⣬Ҫƴǡ
гһԼǰĲƺԼͲʲôͬ˵ϼ仰༸ˡ
ϧ¶ȥͷ֮ѾóʱûнпҲЩ׽ˡ
ңһھǣҲһ˼ҵҡ
ڵĴʣֵôǮ
ȴһΣһЩòֵӡ
һЦƣǹʽˣģǮȴãһ⣬ԺϲˡˣͣԻȥ
˵껰ʹ󲽳ȥʧ÷֮С
ܹ˵¥Ȼвʵ¥һʦҲͷ
ٵϹ飬ǰ񲿵Ľ̷˾֣ǹּ
ǲµõӴʣھȱһˡϵҲǿԵģȴΥһƪ˼Ұ￴ܲƿسӣ˹ȥ
ϹЩˣʲô˵ĴʣҪ𣿡Ȼǽ˹ȥ
һҿ˵αŪô鷳
ʿȻԣȴ֪ġһЦǰǳ߶˵޲ܼ仨˶΢˫ɡ˫һ𣬽ռ棬ô䵭
˫ɣһʧȥѪɫ͵վֻоؿƵÿҪըˣ޷
סʱڣղƹ顱ǲƹ֮ĳ
ʱһ״ʳ״򶯣ֻһĶ챻е⾳ˣһգ¶ʡ
ֹһεػܹдʾģǺε˼ķӡ
û뵽˾͵ԼǰˣȴôĪش
ãϹͻȻһȲʣɫĺ벻סǶɬһɲʪҪ佫Ϊ˼Ѿ䣬ͷӺ֮У

µԼδʣȵĦ͸е⣬ٺôҲòղܳ
״ʣڻǷǳĵġ
ϾδеĿ֮Լб־ƷֻҪϹӣκ˶еĺô
һɶ칤ֶɡ
֮£ʫȻҲ㲻ʱһͬδʱȴԵýʮ㣬Ͳһȼϣȶñȡ
׾ʵҲߣڲȶ˵㣬ֻÿڸԴۡ
ؼ֮󣬶Ӽںȳ֣ں˶٣ȥʲôط
ѽͶģղȥ¥һˡڻû˵꣬ͷһᣬ˯˹ȥ
ŭݵĶӶһߡ
ڶգҲûȥԷڼһ졣
˵Ҳ֣ȴû˵ʲôԽЩϰߡ
һӣҲǸᣬǻ˸Ƶġ
ɶͷ֣вϴģһ̲סʶӾô£֪ԼȥԺˡ
ȣϲȥֵطˣǸᡣͽƵͷβ˵һ飬Ȼָԭģ
ڼϢһ֮ȥһԷһֵҲܲȥ˵ϲȥʵ¶һ棬Ҳ׵
ҲЩԼڻʵдʣʵû˼ý
ãξڱչش˵Ҫܹһ죬ֻƽһ̺ȥ
ͬƽ˵˼仰ά޹Ǳ߻һĿҪ˶һά޹̶õǻʵ壬߹Ŀġڲظƽܣϧϻƽʵ߲ͽ˶һίиڣ˵¹ϵүǷ̹϶á񣬹Ѿɨβ׶Σΰæ
ϻƺԼĹϵȻû˵ȻҲʣɼȻУȴƴǣֻóΥ˵ȥ
ʵϣǼξϲĵطǻһֱסֻϧΪطʵ̫ƣźģһޡξסڱ
뿪ԼϤĵطʵ⼸Եһȥ
ߵͿѾ깤׶ΣٵطѾεĿȫǡزɢ½һ飬зݵ߶µģˡ微ǽҲᡣ
ѽ̲סп֪ͳʮϹһĲˣƼξʵ۰Լ⼸ʮµϵ׶˳
ξʵûǮܣһ׮ôôңöԼǮ峯Ĵ̫ûǮˣֱӽ⣬ԭ
һʶֵĹĹǣҲʶڡ
ڹתһȦ˷򣬾ͳνĹָӲȥ
ߵſڣЦ½½ˣҸ״˵ʮ٣½ҲĺţҲǺ죬׼Ҹʲôﰡ
ǹȻߣ˰Ե
ڷΪ棬˵˲֪Ǻηʥ󲢲½ҷ
̧ͷȥȴվһƷĹԱԼʮİ׳һп
½ڰǰƷٷͷЩηǸƷԱӡ
˵Ļ½ȴϲ̧ͷʣԭϴʮٰҪĻأʫʱԣ
ԣԸƨӸӶֲ๫ɶȻǳԾ˺һ
½һʧҾͲȥˣϴ˺á
㣬㣬㣬ûκαʾ𣿡½
ʾʾʲô½һãȻĻᣬҿ϶ǲȥġ


251 ԭδĹү
½⻰˵ѾЩˣұ˵ʱˣҲһ
½ҲǹӪƷְְڹڸıǸ㲻ʲôӳȥһʯͷʮ߰˸ˮȴ㡣
Ӫƹܾйҹ̣Ƿں൱ڱйֳָÿͷӣûһ٣ҲкüʮԸ⣬ץһ㣬͹ͨ˳ϼ
ʵţҼȻһ𣬳Ϧ£漰ӣ˴˶Ҫһ𷢲ơ㶥ңҶ㣬㶢ңҶ㣬ôǮ
˵ˣ˭ȱǮģһѣ˼ҲǸӣǷʮӹȥҲûʲô˵ġ
½ȫʣ½ֲȱǮֱӾ;ܾˣǲ˺
˭̲
ң˿ʲߣƷҲͣƲ;ĹԱкܴǶˣ½
֮ˣƫ۾ﲻɳӵˣ½ƻ鷳
ȻһûκκøУɻ̲ס˰ͷ½ǲ̣ǹꨣ
ԣ⳯кûʲôĺŰ
𾩳ǵĺŴ󸮣һֻ־Ը½мү
ȻǸһ⻰ͱǿˣ
һ仰ǴһԵñ䡣
һҲŤˡ
½Ȼû˻е˼һãԾʲô˼һȺһ𼸸ʱ˴ֲϤҲûζʵҲŪôӵģԼʿʫƳͣддʫģǿһپʳ߻أ
˸ŭڱˣһӣںʲôҵмʮ١˼Ҿϲ֣ϲ˶࣬ôˡСһ仰ǰĳĻᣬ˼ҲˣҲˣǼᶡԻʫƣҡͷԣһϲŪɥſģ½Ǻξģ
һڹϣ½һҲȥګګҡǾŪҲôˣ
òòЦҵջգҪϻ
濴úЦ½ӻǸ׳ա˼˸ϵ磬ӺˣôôŪᡣ
½ǰôģôˣ
½ȻҪ֣һҲã½ղʧˡ
ͣһͻȻ룺½һӣԴӽ˹֮ʲô¶֪֮￴飬Լˡ
Ҳãˮ֮һֲ£Ǹӷơ
С׳ջ㶮µķϣҲͬϻˡ
˵ٶĻҲˣˣɴ˵ˡ
ſһӼϣû취Ū˵Żᡣ
ȴǿϧˡ½סͷ½Ĳ飬бԣǵһЩź
˰һۣ˵ҲųҲҸ׺ò˸磬㲻ȥֿϧġȻͬһҲøҸӳסˡ
½˵ʲôֻʶصͷ
ˣ˲ٿˣչأҪӵģǲҲ˼һ㣬ôҲú½ҵǡ
½һãҪǮ𣬶٣
û뵽½ֱӣ΢죬˵ͷҲ̫࣬ˡ
½ãǮкܶǮġʹﲻסͶ
û뵽ȻôװһͳһɢӣһһΧӣһʣĵģһֻӡ
£һ𣬻ߣˣҾˡ
ǡû·𣬺ôҲ½ҵĹӰɵۡ
½УһҲкü˵ˣеɵǮҲûãгкȣҪǮ
ȻǸɵӣ˲Ȼɫһվ
Ҳһ⣺½ɵ˰ɣԷ˴̼ģ뵱½ҲǸѹӣǰ;ɾΪִ˴ۣͱˡ
һվͿվڣһȵ˭վʲôٽ
˿Լղʱĳ̬ɫѿ
һЦ˽ȥֵԨУڣղŵ˾ӡ̫ƽ֮˶֧Ŀ
Ŷԭϻɹġ˵ǻƽˣɫÿЩȴͷؽ£飬ʲôҸӵˡӺôҲǻ׹ݣүɻûйҲп͡ҽɣҪʣ棬Լҡ
ԳŻȻ򣬰һѹִ˰裬˴³ģԭԣĸ硣
ʷ󣬼ξɷԣλʷ¡ʵۡϧ¡ʵǸλˣֻ¾ʵۡ
ٳɣ֮£ֻž˾̫뱣ֱӳˣŻʵۡ
ڰѳֹڼ䣬žеʵвĸžһ޷ɷڼƹʵСҲΪοٵصĸĸһŤתˣԼξľ״Ĺ˽ʮꡣ
˵йʷϼԺɫŮμңʷϵҲǼߡ
ֻϧĸ׺͸̰Ű裬˲ٷ֡
ĸΰ͸а̣Ƭϡ
⼸գΰæڼ׼ᣬȴû
ڵ˵ͷ߽ӣֿһ½
˵ʵ￴½леΣǿЦһ˹֣ЩӲˣһɺã
ʶЩȡ
ڵͷ˵Ļǰ½ѧһӵ飬ܹ½Ҷݡ
һ㣬ڴӲġ
½ȴضڿ˰죬ͻȻԭʿ꣬ˣżУҡ
ڰ˰ͷȴûС
½ͻȻյؽˣﵱﶼҳš
Ȼɵˡ΢΢ЩѹҪο䡣
ԱߵڣҪʾͿЩɵ˵ôϻʲô
ãͿ
ʰ飬Ͻʱҳ˰죬㽫ֺ˶ԺˡۼŰʱѾȥ½ɵԼǻͶҪȥ
ȴסڣڣдΣ
һ㶣ɡ
úúãдúþͳɣﱾһ¡
˵
ҵʮ٣ҪдͣкܶûŪдˣҲдϣӴȥ


252 ĻᣬҲҵĻ
ˣץһƽ׵һʲơ
ְλ΢Ȼڵģⱱֵ֪ҲͻƽºڸļԱơ¶Ҳ˵ڸļ󸨳ԼҲûʲôøС
ңڵ֮ǣʵ̫ԣֶԹٳ˵һֱһܡ
϶ǲ֪ڵġ
һǸʵʷϣȵʵۼλȨһΰʲô¶ɵóģʲôǮҺڣǸ˲̯ӡΪǵžų˴
Ӹձ͢ãǴ⣬ζ״֮ʱָûȤ
֪еϵҲ˵ԼݣһЦںεºܣȻ˵룬ϯôҪᣬңҰ
˵꣬ҲϻֱԼһָһżֵӵ񵥡
ˣǸƽ²ű˷µ̫౨ʡ
һ˴ֱʣΪˣ˵ˬҲһݺøС
һЦűʼʣˣҪЩ򣿡
дǡ
á

ڸ׸Դˡ
ڸθ״ˡ
ڸ󸨳žҲˡ
룬ֵҲŪȥ

װһԾӣά㣬ڸүǶõ
ЦǵȻʲôˣ⾩У˭ҲҸӵӣ֪ʲô𣿡
ڣ֪
֪ͺáĺ룬ǰҫҲܲ룬˵һˣ١дһдԣȻү϶˵ģ϶ǻ͹ġ˼ҵڣҲʡ
ӣⳡܵòãҲʮϡ٣죬ҵǸϲֵģѾ˾ǻ¹Ȼһѻ˵³һγ͵ӣǮȴǲʡġ
ʮϡһֱԱ߿½졣
ŭҪϻ
½ֽͷ鱾
µ֣һ⳯ù󰡣бҪҪͼ֣ϷӣȴҲ֣Ҳôࡣ
Ҹʷа֮ʲôǮգǳѿ绨ѩϵĶһҲðֻҪᵽһ֣ͭͻð⡣
ȻڵĻ̾Ϣһ˭˵أҵⳡϸ˼ҺϲʵҪǽͷӻؼʡסҲ֪ҼҲ¾ҪǿҴδӡһչĹأƾͻΪ̫ʱĸƾӹҸӺǾϵ͵ذݼҲ׻ؼˡϲʲôˣǶ̫Եʡˣֻ˼ظȥ
ŵʵϷǸ⣬ֲôǮϲˡӾϲ˵ֵʲô취
Щ߿ˣһ£ΪӣҾͲɤǽģ
⻰˵˷ָȴһЦ͵иӣȻ˲һǮˣ£뼸ǳֵˡ밡һ£˸ˣܶ뼸ϲ
۾뵽ˣǻģ
ڵõڿ϶Ļش֪˵ֻҪһǮͳɡ
ĳڶЩˣиӣˣ֮ǰһʲôƵ֮ʵͷζýͬǲʶԸ˵Ҫһȥ㸮ΪүӺ١ųһ˵һֱϲƵɤӺãĻ˵˲ݳֻеõĻϲĻ˵˶㡣һˣҪסͷΣһǮûУҲġ
һĴȣⲻҾѰǸбݣӣҲδǽԣôɣϰѷųȥƲǼٻڣдӸʲôƣȥݡ
ôǳڽдƽ˹ȥ
̫ӣڣҸӻѲҾͲȥˣʱ˽ǡ
ڣҿҪȥģȴҪù
ƽǷˣƵʱҲȥȥΰ٣ЩݶҲƽһȥˡ
֮дһţ˵һûᣬ
ĻᣬҲҵĻᡣܹƶػλãڵʫʱؽǡ


253 ֻϤ
Էæһ֮󣬵ڶҲûʲô飬ȥ˲ᡣ
Ҳű£ѾǾӦԵʿϲĵطҲܵõõϢ
ͳν׼ɲ֣ܶʱ򶼴Ź־۵
ֵ֮ǰʿ˵ľδĽʿƿԡ
绨ѩµҲز١
СϢǳ˳ģôʱ䣬ڻûŪʲôѶϢġ
ֻһʱ䣬磬ȥݳһ¾ھǵī֮ɢ
ͬʱܵĻλ¡
ͬϼô͸Ȥ
һҪͬ±ԵϢʱ򣬲ļʿӶһ㣺ƣǰλ˵ջƻˡȥǼӣ䶼ϼˡȵ˼£ÿʮһ´ʣᡣȴҪȡ𣿡
ŴҵִȣԵòпᡣ
ִʿ⣬ȶ½Իһ·ӣ費ˣȥϷĵϷû˿ˣȥСƷʵڲУϼĿҲһ·ӡ
ɷ³еˣһҪѶȴҪöࡣû취ҵӾôÿ궼˲ϵӿ֣ļҳ̶ȣȴִ˿ġ
һ㶼ʮʮҪȥҲ⾰ֻҪᵽţܶڻһĲƸ֮󣬴ѡԻ͵ʱҸǲӦеĹޡ
Դӱ¶ȥͷ֮ͥѵ˷ʽĵزܶ˶Ϊķ³ͷѾĬĬŵؼˣȴͻȻɱ˸ǹֽϯҪĳϣѵΪԼͬ¹ﻹһƴ֮
ִӺζ
Ͳò˺ˡ
¥֣ͨգ佲ɫֻ࣬ҪŮĺã۸˾ͺãһַй
ɶ˸Ȥȴһָ߲εĶ˵ʱܹ飬ȡʸٵģ˭Ǹ˼ӵܡƾȻȫ᳨²ΨһͨܵûԼѾݱһִľӢΡ
ᾫӢϷ򣬺ϲͬһȻͬ
ʿֲȱŮˣ˭û檣
¥˵һָŵĻŮҪҲߡмߵĻˮ׼ٲһţˣ̸йͬԡ
ԣβƺµıԣͨ˲ǿ֣ɶʿ˵һĻʢ¡
֮ԺˣΪСÿʮһʫ֧š
һʺѧŻԶʮʥ첻飬Ƿ䲻ܵܡ
˵СϵѧŻʱŽǰںܵϯĻĳɡ
꣬רעڶս£ʫ´̳ȫСһ֧š
ѵµ˾ʫʣͬСһϳ̣
Сϵʫ˾˭ܱȵˣ
ܲǼξԳ˰ɣ
ӶûھǰмѾȥǡڱĳ֡⼸˶һͣʫһʵ˵кܴϵ
ν黳ʫ꣬ȴóıƪ֣ʫд塣ˣ㣬ֻдɢġ˹ˡ
ӾһʱҪʫֻҲдʲôʶ
ôôأ
Ĳʿַз֡
˿ֵǣǶǾˣ˵ĶĻӢڴˣĻġ
֣ȻܲȥܶʿӶȥո֡
ӵУ˲²ĳرˡ
ɾû˲µϡ
ڵڴĻ磬һµòµˡ
ֻڳɶһϤ

죬ݵ߽ļҡ
˵ȴլ˵Ǽξ굱һȨ䶨ѫլӡ
ѫǿӢĶʮξʮʱ£õùѺһ꣬С
ѫ󣬼ҲҲû
Ϲʱ̰ڳðвټҵⷿݵ̾ǧ䡣
֮Ǽլӱʵ۴͸ԣ
үֽת͸ͶΰӣǸĸ׺͸һ֮
ò˵լĺܴģ½ҲСʲôطȨŵĳǱһҲһɴ˿ɼԣĿеĵλ̶ܳȡ
˵ĸ׺ʹǰɻòô
иأҳԱͬеȨף
ˣǻʵۻүӣȢĴͨŮӡŮӵĸ׵Ĺְ߲֪ܳأٸ߾Ҫˢȥ
ȻҲ⡣
ĸΰǾ˹о֮󣬿ʮ꣬Ҳв˽ʿΪûйϵҲû١
Ĵ磬һ鶼ûǸ졣
ļͥڴһͨˮ׼ǰҲĳҲǿԷѡ
ɾڼǰȴʱתԴʷﱻѡԣ֮󣬾ʹӴ˷
ѾУ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ˵Ǹ֣ƹ֮ǰͻ
һԽܳˡ
Ϊѣԣ·֣ΰһְֽˮĹ̷δĹɺ͹ˡ
ҴӴ
ϾǿˣףϾǶ˳˵ͳһ޼ɡ
νϸʮٵĻᣬȨúõЩô
˼ȻˣֶָܵںѾżˡ뵱꣬ԬĶһȱǮͰ磬һ֮оĸգƤ˷ָĳ̶ȡ
ұϾ˼棬˹֡ڸǿһûطӡ
ȻǺùٽӵ֮һЦ֮Ҳϡһݰˣʵ̫ȣڸŪûҪʹɣҸкѲ
ǣɼ˻һˣЩ£ǶʮӵҲǸ˼
ԣҵ̵Ǵˡ
ĽԵǵǳִ󷽣Ҳ࣬һϰˡһⳡĻʢᡣ
СϢ˵ԣԹһʸ֦ĺûᰡͬү˵ϻԼ;ȴǴкô
оƤгײʳϰףϵ˵һǼڰϲ£ͻỰǮһʳţһپƲˡ
ˣڲľǣȻǳŻӭ˵ˣЩǳҲ󷽣ʮĺķᡣ
йְҲ£ȻΪϱ
ҹĻѾʹ˾ϯһʱ䣬УŽء
¿˿ȴûֲƣЩżͳԺӹȥܼܲ


254 и
𾩳ҲһΰиݣͬĻҲմκαߡ
ˣŷȴ½İϡ
һζͣûôءˣԺ߶
Ժʵ̫ˣݵλĻлСˣҲֻԱˡ
ʵϣ컨ĵҲլһЩ΢΢ĻңĽѾõľǶǰȥͼԶԶؿһۣܹ˵һ仰ȴҲС
ǻͷܴ󣬹ʦһѣСѾߡʲôģƺƵĺöˡ
ʵ̫࣬¾Σȴ
ǰ䶨ѫʷϺûʲôйŵѧʷȴռһϯ֮أİǿ飬רſӡѧˮ䰴͡塷ܹ֪֮ͬĴƹĪϵ
⣬ϲϷ磬ֵķչռкܴ͡
ˣԺｨһһСϷ̨
죬ƺµıԾͱСϷ̨ϡ
СϷ̨һŵԺӣһ㶼ֹϢ
ƵˣӦþš
ǣڳҾҲžǳȥ
ɸսԺӣͱµŮסˣ򸣣˵λүλүҽӲãû취ңˡˡ
ȴ룬ֱŲӳ￴ȥֻϣܿǾһƳ
Ҳףɿ˰죬ûƣµʦҲûš
вЩ᲻û
ʱһ£ͷһȴǰڲĵ˵£Ǹĵ˿
ԭǵ֡ڳ˹֡
Цʿ꣬սͬһȥ£ȴȥôշˡ
һЦŮӺٴ㿴ãҾͿ𣿶ˣôģɽӵ
ҲһССľˣʲôŵڣôյĵǲҪټ¹һ档
ڵҲҲˡ
ȴ컯㲻үҲԺʵ̫˵ľڳһԺȥ˵ˣСҲ
ҲҪЩ΢΢Ծʿݣһ㶼ԸͬݽύȴŵԹΰ٣ȷʵ벻
ɵȴסش֣һ˷ܣСƷȻɣһʫȴһչ϶ǸģŪûʫҵҲܼС๫µĳǻһ°
Ҫ˵ȴڵǼԺһϤӰһȥȴǶº顣
һһ£촽ϻ˺ӡ
ܹöĳԳӣȻв˵鷢
һֲóº鿴Լ֧ͬ˼䣬͸ˣԱһԺȥ
լĲַǳӣ½ϼ֡
һ·Ȼʧķ
ۼʱһһȥ˵ƣɫҲȥ
ЩգôתȥҲǰ취һСܵլȥˣҪ˵ɵͽӣ
ˣҸūͼʲôʸ·Լȥ
˵Ҳɣʱ򣬾һСЩߣǵˣūֻѰһϵɾ
ԲСѾͷˣҿ᲻áһŮ˵ǸԲҪЩһ˿ϣ˵ö߶˲ŲѲ
һС˵Ļмֵҿںߡˣ̫ҽ˵ˣ̥λʱΣգūĺõİ춼ڷǰΪ㵻档
û£µģˡŮ˰οŹԲһ뵽ѲʱΣȴЩ
һŮ˭ô֪ҵ֣ʲôʱͬ˵иҪ߶ŲѲģ
к棬̲ס̧ͷȥ
ȴһͷײһĺ֦ϣһ
˭Ůͬʱ
û취ֻô󷽷˳ȥһһЦô󣬶·ˣָ·
˵껰̧ͷȥȴһ
ͬʱиҲһԭʿ
ŮȴʶģڵǸʱɽǸķˣ
ԣ
һ𣬺ʶʲô


255 һ
ȣŮ֮Уа˾ŸС֪ûŮҲûи
Ҿˣΰ
ؼΪΰٵӣٿŮӣԼʮͣȻء·ӶǴƣճ͢ĹأپһƷҲܴѡ
ңŮӵɷ˵ոӦǼѵԣ
ʵʷϵļأҲڹǰʵ۵ġ
ŮӵѺ֮ˡ
˭
ϴɽڵûô
żȥȴһһ㡣
ʵ˵и̫Ư
Ů˻еʱ򣬸أ趼Ρڼʳ󣬴ᷢ֡ټΪмңƤҲá
ȴ⣬ͬʱƤ԰𪣬һʯĹ
ҲüΪ°ͼ˵㡣
ִʱΪϤʷ硶žһ顣
Уռкܴƪ
ǲУİ÷á
÷ȻĴˣʵʷϣʲôģҲ÷ǳһģ
ռˣȴ÷ø͵ŮӡҪȣЩʱӱֻ°ͼ˵㣬üëϸһЩͷࡣ
ȻҪ֡и𣬶
ΪһִˣڶŮһȻֻһۣ
Ҳ飬һҾءƽݵ˳츮ʿӣڰݼϴʱڲ֪ݣͻˡ
֪ҵݡ΢΢һЦ˸֫ƣȻ˳վ
Ҳη壬ֻؽԼеƲ⣬Լβ³ݵԵһһ
ڽӵ˵μϴ˵硣ղ̰羰һС·תȥˡȴãָ·λصǰȥ
˵꣬εЦ
Ȼδĵ˶˵˵Աӡ˶Լ;Ǵкô
ŮбɫҲȥȴ̫㡣
˵꣬ŮԲʹǳڣʲôݣȻָ·£
ȴЦԲ֪Ϊʿʲô𣿡
һﲻˡ
ЦָָڣԲ㲻Ǻϲʯͷǡζں֣ڹ¼ǰ˵ܹдˣȴ֪Ǻεȷգ߾ǰˣô˼ߣ
۾ؿڣȴվԼǰ鲻һ
ñòһӼҪôǾΪˣһ겻ĳҪôսս䤱
һƽԼͬһѰ٩٩̸ȴͷһ⡣
ڸ߿һۣȴ֪˵ˣһߵ֮ǷƷ
ȴ֪жߡʵǣִᣬʲôŮû챻ӰƣͺըŮ˵òƣˡȻƯɷִᣬҲ˾ʮֵĳ̶ȡִŶӣ΢΢Ҫȥʮ֡
ݣڼξǰ˵ʲô˵ʲôȨȴϡ
ǡʯͷǡߡԲһ۶Сǣ̲סһѳסڵӣסҡΣǰҲܹдģҲ֪ǺεȿƮ֮ˡռˣȴǡȴǡ
⻹ǵһܵ˵ĳݣʱЩܲסЦʣȴʲôǲǺʧ
Բһ΢΢Ǻ죬͵ۿ˿ڣΪӦһСе˵߽дǣӦһϰʮͷӡǶˡúøߣ߳ˡ
ֻεЦ
Բֵÿôдˣе˺ϲ½أôмдȥĴһʲôʱһѯǴǹмܲס
ЦԲûء
Բű͡
£ŮԣԷδĴ̫ھٴȥҲ׵ɺãǷҲˣ
˵үãӣ·Щ
ڣָȥ·ҲõǰȥλºǰƵĶԾоܴ
ţˣʫʲʯͷǡĻЩ¼ҶⳡԵǺȤҲҪȥģһȥǡҵһʿ
ڣ뽲
ϴɽ֮ʱ˵Ҫ߶¼ԭţΪ̥λ̫ҽ̫ҽ˵ҽǻúãʹþ糩ͨҵӣֻ̥ˡ˵Ҫл¼ҲУͲлˡ
æòáȴ룬ȻǸŮӡѰ˵ԼУݣȴ˵˴󷽣Ǹ֮ˡ
˵üɫ˵̫ҽҲ˵ˣү岻õĹϵǾУҲౣסι¼һ֣ȴӲ̥λĶˡġʯͷǡУиƵĵҲмء¼Ҳãһ£αסүѪ
ԣһֱãʵϣҵ˳Ԫ谡ûʵۣ˶ӣϵԲҲ࣬ԣ¡ʵλͱݱˡΪϵüѡֻһվû
ĻпδĴʵۡǶүǶҶشȻܲġ
Ϊ̥λмѲ浽Ǹʱ򣬲ӱסܷ񰾹ȥδ֪֮
ӣ˵һּ尾һ뵽ʱֵܳΣգл̿η塣
ͻȻڣ̫ҽ˵ģǰڵĻǿܶ͵ˡ
ԣǰ;һƬҰڵĳȴһ˿ϣ
ڻзӰɡ
˵Ż̧ͷڣĿϣ
ĽһҲ⸾ƵһүǶʲô
̥λǱȽҪڹŴи档
ν̥λ˵Ҳ򵥡̥ڸŮӹ֫ͷ½ϣʱԴȳȻӺȣֻҪ̥λҲҪʹκҽֶΣ˳֮һ̥ĸʱΪԭı֫ƣḀ̥̊́ǺλڷʱΪԴλḁ̃˫־ͻῨڳλãѲ
Ҳ򵥣һֱƸ
ǹŴû취
˵򵥣ڲҽͲøô
һڻؾһһη壬ȴЩ̡
ԹŴŮ˵һսܶŮ˵Ѳһϡ֪Ůͷ̥ѲҲ֮һϣ̥ĸ׵ߴʮ֮һ
̥λһɵĿѲ
һεεĴŮôˣĺ̡
ҲЩܣѧֶԾǿԣоǲУȴð١ڿƼҲֻܿԼˡ
ҪԻؾο䡣ȴһݣͻȻһҪ飺ʷûзκθı䣬Ķӻʮһ̳лλΪʵۡ
˿϶оյؽġ
ʵʷʷ޴ĹԣԵ޹ʵظı䡣
ȻЧӦҲɺӡŪǸƶȣͶʷ˾޴Ӱ졣
Ӱֻڳϣδ漰ʼҵ˽
ô̥λһͻ¼мĿܻδһʱָ˳Сʵ
һûᰡ
ܽͬߣִ˵ĳʶĿӡʷϿǳİ֮ˣžҲܴﵽĵĶ塣
ôһǿԮȻδܻһžڽļʮ͢سλҲʲô¡
ǣȥأ
صģʷ޴ĹԿɲڵŤתֹġ
ôƴһ°ɣ
ǰڿϵʱ򿴵һ٣ʲô٤ʽר̥Ϊġ
٣ִ̬ȡ
Σȴһԡ
ȫûЧ˶иҲкôġ
ʷûзı䶯ԼָǸգô̥λ񲻳δ̫ͻʵ۵ľˣ
ͨһ㣬Ҳûʲôõĵˣ̧ͷŵĿ⿴ﲻõģһ׮С°ˡдʯͷǡʱҲĹʱסǰһӣʱ̫ҽҼ̻գѧһõţھи̥λȴǴ档ڣһԡ


256 ȷʵ
̫ҽô˵ɫдžϲ
ʱĴѾõˣֻһֱԵüɹ˶ڴ˵ɰֶΣֻϧѾְ꣬һֱΡ
ԴӷԼ̥λ֮Ҳȥʱһ̫ҽƮҲˣҽȻֿĿ͸ѧȴ࣬ҴǴִŵĸˣҽˮƽҲò֤
ʱ䶮ƣҲֻǣͶҽο˼һ֣˭ܱǿ
ŵаڣԴӿġʯͷǡ֮ͻȻһĪΡʵ˵ףҲһʮͷŮӣŮִ᲻һͨѧܲ졣ڣȻһַ˿żĳݣֻûʶһѡ
ԣʱ̫ҽ£ѧѧ׷š
˵˵Բ֣סҡڵӣϲüҪڵĳݣСѾͷңҳǷĵģҲΪӵǡзӾΣͼˡ
һЦԲſĹͷӶ챻СѾͷɢˣ
Բŷſڣͷ
ڵҲƴǣ˼ƣһ׶
ʵͷ١һν٤ʽһ׵ϥλ
Ҳ֪һ׺Щ룬٤ʽԡҪԭǣٶѶȱȺһ״һ㣬ЧҪЩţʵûʲôЧٻһס
٤ʽҲọ̈̄ʵ˵ЧҲûףͽһʽʾ
һʽĦ칦ȵ˫Ųվã˫ָ߾ٹͷ⣬ǰͷ౧
ôڱȺöûжԴߴ١
ǰ˱ȻȷʵЩףвԥ
ɹԲȴûԾѧڵģ˫־Ӳ㣬ūѧɡ
⣬˵ͷ
Ϊ֧㣬ǰ壬ƽС

̧ɡ

̧ɡ
ִԲ֣ࡣظ飬վֱ壬һЦˣܼǰɣѧʽ

˵ʽĺܼ򵥡ڶʽǶ׹иֻȥȻվ
ڵʽ򵥣ʽûκζκ˶
ǹԲЩӤʣԲģһ򵥵ĶȴЩѡ
˷˼֮󣬹Բ΢΢̲ס˲ţ׹ÿ飿
ڣҲ̫࣬տʼʱÿξͺã鶯û̫ȵϰˣͿԶΡһ˵һ͵͵
ղŽ̹ԲʱһרעȻû˵ɿóĬĬ
ʽЧΣҲûеף󲹳һ䣺գЧ˵Ч̫ٻһס
ŵͷõģлʿֹ֣ķȻǼõġ
˰죬ĿѾﵽֹǰΣȻͣ
æֵǲƺͻµıԣٵֻ¾ҪˣԲָָ·ڸǡ
ΪйҰ̲ס¶ɫ
ĿһתͻȻ΢ЦܹǱߵΣѵԲƻĽ
Щмܲס뿴СʲôһΪ졣
ʫʹȻɱʯͷǡĻǷֻ򡣹¼ȴܹдʫħ֡ڽʾʿῴϱ˵ƷЦؿڣ϶бԵʡʿͱƭˣ
ղǡʯͷǡġӽաʫħ֣ʯԳ˪дڳֽԹƬ˭ġһƽºǧŸ߷˵񡣡
ʫ˵ʵڻ̫ߣȴһɵ˸Уʫ֮УҲϳ˼ٲ
ڸղԼʱݵ֪һֱӡˣ˵ڲƻµɫԲšڼ϶бԭ
Ǻεĵİգͬʱ˻ǿϼ֣οһ㡣
Ҫ֧ϼӦ£תһ룬ֲˡδĴ̫ǰԼҲ򣬷˿
Ҳرܣֱ棬ȴǽˣȷʵɡ


257 ˭ʫʣĳҲ
ҪαԼյӦԵľӡڸùݣֻһ񵥣¼Ա˲١еΪʸȨƣеǾΰʵѲֻ»ᱻ鷳
ˣùڸҲΪ
ȻˣȻǰͲ֪Ϊ֮˾Լ
ԣһȵ£ھͽȥͷβ˵˸
Ȼȴȥ񲿲Լһ£Լɣ²õӡ
֮һϲʿţʯͷǡеʫѼȴҪԡоšܹʫ䣬¼ҽǲˡ
˵һЦǰ븸״лʱ̸µıʱ״˿£¼¶ġȻʿڱֲ֧ƣôҾѺƺˡ
ʿҲõģƹѾˣںЪϢ
˵껰ùԲָ·Цˡ
йԲָ·Ժת˼ȦǿһƬԺӺϷ̨ӣǾǰԺ
ӵģһֽķϣŵ᷿һͬݵĻһƷԱͼˡ
ұ˴˶Ϥ໥֮ͨ󣬾͸λϡ
Ѿ׺ȥԺ˲֪յȣյͬһ㡣
Ϊģվڴǰ濴ȥ
Ժʹ˲˿ľ̿С¯Ե÷ǳůֲ÷ƹУѩƮ˸š
мͭ¯ѬƮ̴㡣
λ˾á
ԣһ˶ԱߵĲ߶ĵеλˡ
ڴǰվƬ̣μʿŶѾˣ½߽ԱߵĶ
ţԺвҲй
֣ͿһͷԼһŴٷ˹
ͷɫۣԲ֮縻̣òԵúƽ
ǸƷĹԱúɫĲߣԵЩ΢֣һֻ۾򷢰ףǵ˰ϵӣ˵ʱϲԴƫһߡ
ƷԱǿùٵļڳҲԹ󡣶ңƷѾ߱ƷˣھǹٵĵطҲټ
ڲСһӣǻͷӦþĸΰˡֻ֪˭ѵ
˹˷׷վСϣϴˣ
Сϣϴˣ
һɵֺá
ӵļҲ׷վҾ

ŻȻԭԵĶ
ǹɣڸ󳼣ȨƱ׻Ҫ֡
˵СϣȴǷǳųӡʫ£ʱڼξ䶼Žǰ
ľͼʫʿѧϵ߹ξӣִ˵Ŀ⿴ˡ
ϵģ̳ϵĵλҲһղһաĳרͲʫˡ
塷ˮ䰴꣬ټС˵һڹŴĻеλߡ
ԣĿǰִξĩѧ֮ţһ̳ơ
ֻϧ;ûƾ١ڹӼ飬Ȼٽٳġ
עسΪһ㣬Сϲû̳ʦ
ĲŻʿ˶Ĭռѧͷ
ڽҪľսξѧʵϵĴʦ
˵Ȼڻʵߣһһ׽֮ˡΪݹϵ˻ƽͳº̣дԱ಻ʶΨһľһˡ
ˣǺܺġϾ˵ͷʵ̫󡣾֪ģдļƪʾͷǳǸС
벻ȴ
к棬վڴ󶨾ȥ
Ҳϳ˵ͷֵ˵һˡ
΢Цų˹֣ˡ
ǡʲôأȣԡĿҲһСǿӵķϣǡ
ҪԼ֣ȴͷתȥ˵¥ˣ¿Ϸ̶֥٣Сǰȴֱ֣Եúȡ
ЩΡ
˵ҲɣΰλڲԶĵط
⼸˵쳣
ԱʿŵĹάһİֻ̬΢΢£Գһϡ
ҸԵúǵ⣬ôˣһʱСҲԵأǸӶй⡣
˵УΰߣǸϲ֣ʱͬеĹԱĻǴ̸ֻƬ̾ͽŪ
˵һУԼ飬һҲ¶Цݣʼ˵ˡ
ռΰ磬󻨿ıԣ˵ĻȻȻתƵȥˡ
һСϤЦ¥ϻԣȷʵǼֵһ¡˵¹Ƕ¥ĺ֪ȴ֪ΪʲôʫԶ¥Ĳ飬ȻǼõġ
ŴҵѷȻǰҪö࣬ʿ͹Ա¥˽ȴҲĻ˵һ罻ʽ
˵Ժȷʵô
ŮҲŵȡ
һͿ½ĸģֻǷŸɵóġʿ˵ȴǷǳġ
νˡˣеʱ»߽ʻһ࣬ͬǽʫʳͣͬƤĵûκιϵһֱϿɵ¡
˵ڹӼʦʿˣֱơ
ѵõһЦͷתȥʫСҳݡ
䵭ȴ͸¶һֵ⡣
Сţⳡ֮Ҳûʲôñȵġ˹άȻ˼ּңܹʫҲ㲻һˡ
ǰ˭֪¹֮֮죬ΪСÿʮһʫšһʿֺõز죺˵ʫʣСȵģ£ΩӺĳҿҲһ㣬дѡ٣ȻǺܺõģʫɱȲСϡˣȻˣ⻨֮ҲñˡѲǲƻʫ¼ʫСȵģûأ
Ҳ׷͡
΢Цŵһ԰ˣȨżҲֳӮڲƽʫԺ֣֮ȴҪĳҲϡ
ãСǲ÷ϵģ˶һкá
ǰ˭ʫС˵ҪҲȲġиԱƨ졣
һ˵ʵƽҪ˭ʫҺ˵˵ȷʵǵһ´ʣ˳츮һˣʲôڣ˽ͷԪ
Ԫ˲һΣŽԪûһǧҲа˰٣˽Ԫ֮Բڣһв˽ʿĴڡ
ǰ˱С˳츮СҲ֮󣬽ʿһֻȥľ˭˽ʿԵĽԪ˭Ҳû֪ˡ
ԣò£˾Ҫһ֮
˵Ǹ֮ͽ


258 û˱ȵù
ôΡǰΪԼ˽˳츮ͷԪ㲻£ôҲˡǰͬºǸĵľ˽ʶ֮󣬲֪ҲǽԪ
ôʡǣÿͳһԪξôҲ֪˶ͷж˱ڸʷĺ쳾֮С
˽ԪȻһʱҲֻȶȣ£˾Ͱˡ
ȫ¶˵ĿⶼۼڼʼĻ棬ڵͱˡ
ҲǴǸʱʼڲʶԼ΢㲻ʲô
ô˵Ҳֻܰͷˡ
ǿɫͻȻһ䡣
ԼͬԺһνġʵǴαʣдʾСϵʡ
ǴΣƾ賭ϮӮԣһٵ춨ԼڻʵĿеλ
϶֪ԼֵģҲ֪ڵʵϣڴͳελļ˭֪ҵ֣

˵УʽʼΰȻδĹɺ͹ˣƷȴߡв˵ĵλ硣Ϊ˼ңǻվξơ
ȵƹѲҸӾƽ͸¾ĶԾˡ
УԵЩˡҲվԼߵļ˵һյʫ׼ˡ
ڼξʵǰʣ֮Ҳø¼ֽϣϸĦáȻܣȴòϣǼƪˣνһӶ࣬һȴ١
ԸȫСдһֺʣȻдһֺôʵҲף˵£Сϲʲô˲𣬻ȲԼ
ڵΪĴʦѼһȣУҲܵĪΣҲΪƽһС
дֻãˮ׼֮ˣдʫҲǼõġ
ԣ˵ıԣƽҪݳʳڣͻȻЩ
ⳡҲûʲô˵ģһϷ
¶Ǻ޼ɣԸʹȻҪʱһ£Ҳܿһֺʣ»ûʵۻġ
ڵĳȴѾȥĶҡˡ
α԰£ˣʲô裿
ңƶȾǳԴ֮֡
ΪֱֵǺܣϵǸѾڼڻϿʹǵĵѩƬһ
о֮УСܲ١ҥϡ
һеʼٸ߾ڣɼҲŽϼλ
ΪдһֺʣҲǸк֣˴Ǿϵ
ѧֶ£д֮ǰñһǿģдĶǴƪӾµһ
ֻн״̬֮һҪɽɽҪˮˮҪ顣
û״̬дĶҲ͹ѵÿԵ
ˣҲסˣ׼ۿ׼ˡ
˶ǣ¹ȻڣСϵʫʺεȾܽıֳȴǲ
ͬ˷ϻس̨ȥ
⵹ڡȻҪȥֳָҲ󰡣
£ҲӣһǱȥ
Ȼʶģڸں棬Ϊӣû
ƹȻѾˣСϷ̨ķ
˵СϷ̨е˼
ǰ䶨ѫĺѫǸϷԣеϷ̨Ѿ峯Ϸ̨ĸ֡
Ϸ̨Լףִֿ󡣵СϷ̨ȴŵأһ
ƺµķǸڣߵſڣﴫϸ΢ɫԭʦڵ
ͬʱվſڣСһ㶣תͷڣһʡ
Ҳ£΢΢֣СϺãڣˣ
ڣСͫ͵
һЦ֮СϷϵڣСǰ˵ֳʤΣƫƫҪӮһѡ
Цϣ;ֱ߽ӡ
УͷڵźٵңһԵúƳ࣬ڻܴⲻһ˿
ҲЩӣŶס޾š
ڲƣȴһģ
ΪϣһˮССڵغţϴ򾲵Цݡ
ڽ͹ͷͬʱͣڣ˵
ǲվ΢΢һˡ
׼ˣʣǷˣ
ƣıԣƲ֪ٴΣӮҲôأˡ
һ˾ͺãƽôھô
ǣлָ㡣Ƶûʲôģ͹Щ
˿֣ڹؼʱ̳⣬ֻҪˣЩġ
ڼʵڽţ֪ôȥС룬һǵĽЦǰһд˼£׼дˣһ𣬺ϳһӡҲ֪Ҳо˹ƽռҲμӹĻᣬ˲ٹϸϵЦǳȤ
ϸǵ׸˸˵ЦȴǲţԲ˫Ŀ
ڣôͲˣҳˡʿ˽˵ЦѣѲϼҸӻҪץ˲ɣ
ͷҲǣ󡣡
һƤʼ˵˹£˵һ죬ϸȥڸֵֵһţž͸߸϶ЦԲ⣬ʣЦʲôҿǵ׸
ŸϺ͸߸ϲ˵ֻЦ
Ц˰죬ۿԾҪ²̨׺ϸ׼ң̿󣬾ͺ˵׸ˣûԼϵֻЬӲһһֻƤѥһֻǲЬǿؼȥһ˫ɣ
ΪĻǰҲڳеĴٹʫƳԳеҲ֪һЩ
͹ͷ˲ôʱ䣬Գ͢Ҳš
˵ڸ󼸸ϵ飬ʱȤ
ʣǴЬҲûʲô˵ģؼȥһ˫ˣֻʲôЦ
ڵһȻֲʲôЦ˻˫ˣƫƫ䵽ϸͷϣȴƽ׶һι¡
ŵһģ⻰䵽ԵĶϸȴҿϺͿˣҼЬҲһֻƤѥһֻЬؼʲôã
ͬʱһ룬ȴͬʱһЦ
ͷЦеĺٶ䵽˵ذϣЦ˽˲ƵĻסĨЦ᣺ϸϣ涺̫ˣ
ҲЦӷᣬô˵Ϻˣǰŵò֪øЩʲô
ؿһۣдΪ涮˵
ȵ˵ãڳ濴ȥȴѾ˸߳
Ҹӽ˲ĸߣһһ˶ˣ˲ţײײػЪϢ
һܼģ֡
ҸһߣҶԽҡ
͸󻨿ıԡ
ȳ£ֻһȺʦƵشӵһŻƤŮӳ
СҲصλϣأȻЩġ
𣬱ºͼŮϷ̨衣
ڲ赸Ҳû
ȻѾʼٴڲƵҲûʲôô
Ų˳ȥ׼ҸһλãԱ㿴
ճƹϷ̨߲ͿԱһıɴĻˣ¶Բֺ
Բڲס֣Сʿ
û´ŵӦ
Ϊݹϵע⣬ĲñɴΧסϷ̨Ҳǿݵλá
٣Ȼþֻܾ˽ȥ
Ϳһͭ¯Χһë̺ӣأһиͺһͨˡȻͨҲûôׯ١
ڹʩ
Ѱƹˣλ
ѾҵˡָָԼλá
ŶôƫƧͷָָеһӣ￴ɡȻƹҪʫ¼ҵЩڴһҪʤ϶¥źá˹Ҳ֪ǲƹﳪΣ
ڱܾµ赸ѾҪˣٻԼλֻ¾Ҫ
Ҳ飬лһϡ
һĵ֮·
޵ܱ
ױ
ɽЪ
ĺη֡
ȥ
˼ơ
̳£
ӰΪ

һʫʷϲֽСˡСڻʱһ¥Ůӵķֱʱ
ʫ˵Ҳ̸򣬻⾳ʫ䣬Եýʮ㣬Ͳֵһᡣ
ڱϾǱʫδθڵģһ˵ʫʣȾ뵽סŸĴʦѧ޽
ʱյΪûơʵʷϵѧ߷ڲδ֡
ˣ쾵Ҳѧʷҫ۵Ĵڡ
ʫ䵽ʱ˵Ķȴϳ˼
ʫʸֱͲ󣬶㷢ССΪǹٳ֮Ӧ֮չڣѾ޲һѧá
ʽݡ
ٽɡСɽڣϦ족ʫ䣬ȴҲʱ޷ġ
סˡлһɵ꣬ǽټĺƷرһ䡰ȥ˼ơǽдˡ
ңµĸתģһеֵ
ˣһˣ
ߵҲȵؽһСǲˣѵãѵã
ͷβΪЩģվϷ̨ǰ棬ûлԼĲ
ֺõĹԱʿҲΧߡ
ԣڸĻܹСϱ
òϣµıʾǳ
ȵȲСϵƤ¶οЦݡ
һƷԱԱ߹άСһҲòһգܳǡڽƽҪʲôǸĽԪʲôʫȴǲҪˡһԪʲô˲ģСڣǺĹ棬Ҳֻһ֮ͽˡ
Ҷ׷׵ͷ˵ǡ
ȷʵһʫдֻҲ֮á
ҶΪ£ʲôʫܹȥ
˵һ治ñˣϧ̫үүˣ˾ʵʫ䡣
Ȼ̫үǾ˳ܹᵽС๫ʫе⾳ǲݰһҲա
Ѿƶòƿ϶£ᳪЩʲôҶûȤ
ԳԼλȥ׼ƣһ죬͸ǻȥǽⳡֵӦȥˡ
ʫ֮Ѿ֪ԼӮˡϲûдŰЦݣסͷƨͨʫǳšˮ׼ʫʣʫһץһѣҳϮ÷Ѿ
䵽۾ȴͻȻЩ΢Цʿ뵣ģ϶¥ʫȻдʯͷǡǰˮ׼ʫ䣬δزӮ
Уȴ֪ʫһҪСʯͷǡеʫʣѰûУֻһӶдһ¾вδܳˮƽӡ


259 ͬ
˵Ļ֪緪ղʫǳȻҲ֪ڡʯͷǡеʫд÷ǳãȴҲڲ֮䣬δؾӮ
ʱǫûó
ڹһЦԷϵıӣһǶûˣڿСϸղʫ޲ʮ㣬Ϊʫǿ˵ʫҴԶӣʫ䣬һҲ˶䡣գСҪһ£̣ͬ飡
һΪʫǿ˵Ҳ˵ȥˡ۾һ룬˵ʵڻ϶¥ղʫȻдúܺõģҲɶȴܾЩʲô˵㷢ʫʣдúˣ֮Ȼ϶¥ʫô˵أ¼ҵôҲ
Բ죺˵ǣղ³ǺūҲϲʫ﾿˵ʲôȴ벻ˡ
˵ŻһʵĶƮ
ͬһƬ÷ͻȻıĻ㣬ؽС
ʣⶨȻࡣ
ܵͣͬ˵ĵͬԹеĸŴ̨ԶȥıӰ
ɾȴżǿĴ͸Ժеκν䣬
־ƵĿǶͬʱʶȥ´һ
ղŻ˵͹Բɫһֱӡ
һȻ̫ɰֶﴵð
̧ͷȥͿǰСϷ̨ѾСԲʡ
Ѿ˵ϣͷһ塰õáǽ࣬кһ
ḻηƺ໥ӳ
кһһŮˣվڹŵߣͤ⣬涵ظ
Ůᣬ᳦ᡣе򳤳̾ϢСĸο
һͬʱȻԭӴʣҪǴʡֻ£ʱʫʺݳ׼ģȴ֪ǴʾΣҪΥ̨˵һֺöͺٲźá
ʱ򣬲Ʊ˳ڵпŵŵϣһڹһ಻У̴ڣУԳͤЪ
Ƶĸǰڳɶʱһ˿񣬼ϸӳ죬һһתԲڣʲôطǰȻʵ࣬ȴһִ֮
ʱʿӺ͹ԱǷ׷׵ͷòµ˱Ƚϡ
ʵ˵ӴʵĿͷһ䲢ûκγ֮Ҳһ̵棬дĻƻ辰ɫ
ȻڶҲûʲô֮۴߷
֪˽еֱУųͤٽĺɫһոͣЪƣ֮۴ߴٳ
ΪʵڲƵɤҲܺɢȥˡ
ʵĿƪдò̫ɫȴǿ϶ġ
˭дҲδزܱдøá
˸ҪмȴһȻͨİ裬ȴƻľѾйµȥᣬȴһдõġ
ʱһое֮
ѧдʫдʣģ˵һǼӷͷβ޾ϸ˲⡣дȻ׵ȴζ
һ־Ǽпޣ޹صɾƬף˼Ŀռ䡣
ĺôǣƳдһ鶯
ִɲַͨдó
ߵҲǵͷ΢һ˼ͱɫ
˵ǳ٣ʱ죬Ҳһͷ
ƽŽһ״ʳȥִ࿴ۣҭ
ȥȥǧ̲ĺ
ǣֻ˵κλһǧ̲ĺƻ谵ޱ
ǵģϮ״ʾγĴ塷쾰ɫкȾһｭͼִ࿴ۣҭһ䣬԰ַ˷ֱʱĲᣬԿ̻΢Ȼ򵥣ȴӴ˽ѭ򽥽һڴзΧ֮С
ÿһ׾ʫʶǻģһ磬ֻҪȥˣٲ
ʵϣеĴʶΪƬƬдƬ顣
Ҳס塷ײô޵Եʣϸһ룬ȴȻ֣ƬｭŮֱľôسԼǰ΢
ղʫȻдúãȴûôǿҵĻС
ͬдͻдϣǸС


260 
Ҳ˵Ѿسϰס塷⾳֮УڵҲΪƵĸסˡ
СѧͿʼʫδʣѧʱѧרҵ״ʿ˵ǵƣˡ
һʱգԼСֿŵƹвƮѩͻȻ䣬ôȥˡ
ƻʵسţ״ʵ°ƬԹ𣬸ǿڡ
£ߵĹԲҲˣ̲סͺһһԹ𣬸ǿڡ
ѣתͷȥ˸ֻһ⡣
ˣҲСؽ
Щ䶯ͷĺĲ˵̾Ϣ罭ˮ㲻ɶϾ
ְƽ״ʳ꣺
Ѻδ¡
ȥ꣬Ӧþ衣
ǧַ飬˵

ҹʱںδ߳ˬ¸һԶȥǳ£Ҳ衣ʹȻǧ־飬˵ҵ

ͱͷ뱾ǹ˵ʫģۡͤŵվɿõ󡣴׵ġδṇ̀ͤͤάġȰһƣ޹ˡƪ
ֿװȥݣֵͱͬš޷롢˷֡
Уʿ¥Ů顣ʫΪڶ࣬㣬һֱϲݳġ
ˣһԣںС϶Լͬѡ
ֻѡԭվ˵ļϡ
ڵıΣйŵѧһ߷壬δΪδʰշɷΪԼɺͺ֡
Ϊ֮ۻ
ԼΪڡΪԼıΪΪԼ΢ʡԼ롰ġҪдŮ鰮˴⾰ʽ̽壬龰ڣг
Ů֮飬Ϊó
ס塷Ĵʱ¥£ԻԣдŮ֮Ϊ֡״еġ¡һ䣬ǧ䡣
һδеԼɣȾͻյġ˱ȻƻݡеӰ硢¡
νоˮԳʡ
ʫãôȵ
ҪȽϣȷСϵʫǸ߿ģǱѡѧĽ̿ķˡ
ͲһϵĶ
һݳӵʱΪʫʵƪ̫̣ᳪϼ飬ȻľϷ˲ܸڼӡ
ʲڳʫʱҲˣֵݳڵġ塷ʱȴֻһ飬ͱվ΢΢һȻת뿪
ƺ֮˾ôʣ˼ֻܳһΣظȥȴʧȥŨûϡ
ֻߣ״ʣԼĳмġ
ǵģڵĴʣƵĸѾ˶ˡ
ȵ˳Ժ˶վѩ䵽ﶥϣɳɳ졣
˿ֻ̣˵沿顣
λо˹ӦԾӣвٴٹˡ
Щ˶һ飬еƽռҲϲддʫдд飬㲻ģһǰʫҲǼߵģô״ʵĺô
ĺȲʣߣȴ֪˵Щʲô
ãðãԲ̾һֺϾۣʵʿ֪ôģʣͻȻʯСʱһ¡ȻͬЩͬǡūлһѹܿ𣿡
ȴϣϴűݣػ֣СԲޡͿްɡ
ҡū澻ǲˡ

ı飬֪Ѿˡ
ܹϯⳡģǾǣ˵ĻľӢúĻ˵ǹ֪ΧĴVĻķ۵
ԼôһӮƲĳ˳ĻȦĻ϶¥벻ѡ
ʿ˵ĿУھǽӹĻֳƺŵĵһѡرƺϵɹ˺ľ¡
ֻգԼ־ͻ飬ֻųԼҪμӽƴǵϢ񲿻ҲԼ
ˣȫµĶһһĭҲ񲿸ûˡ
¶ͬΪһ壬⣬ߡ˸ҶڣڿƾһϴǶԶ׼һս
˭ģô֮ãĬ˺óһʱ䣬кȲ
˵ǽ˳츮ԵͷԪڡ
ԣǰ˵֡
ͷԪһʫ˵áܹμⳡģһʱ壬ھûУ
ûУ
̸ͬ۱˳츮ԵĽԪǰ˻ϡ񣬵ȲƵһ꣬һĻڴҿȴ˼
УǰΧߵĶǶɢˣѯʡ
վСϷ̨ǰȭͷ΢΢һɫ
һۣСϵһѾȻ޴ˡ
һʫʣֻڣ϶¥
УԲܾô䣡һźʫʽУеһ֮дһ׿ù۵ʫ䡣ײˣֵһ塷дδˮ׼䡭ÿʮһʫڿ𡭡
ѩ׷䵽ͷϣˮһðˮ
֮ãڿɫԼϾŵģ䣬ȥҲǺ壬ĿҲﵽˡ
һҾٲ˵ʹ󲽳ȥ
˵Ҳ֣ԲĨᣬɳճյЩʲô
֮ǰڻȥͲ˵һ¥ݳӣ¥档
ҪƹСϷ̨·Сߵʱ򣬿ǸȻʧ飬һЦ˵Сϣ״֮󣬾֪ⳡԲӮˡҪʲôʫʳԺ֣֮ĳȴϡ
ԭֱӴˡ
һ˵ڣƤǵͨ졣
һ˱ƣߵ޵ݣ֮ܿ¶ȻնԻȥ
϶¥ʲôôڸ󸨳ɣ̳䣬˳СҲһٻָʹˣƽռ˵ССһˣù٣ʡʹҲָűһͨѵ⣬ܵô衣
Ϊһֻ۾аϣʱܳ
һתͷֻ۾ڣŭХڣʲôݣڱǰԴ󣡡
׺ȻЦСϣ˾ۻᣬʫʱԣż϶ѣиߵ͹ȴѹˣȥЦ
ڣǸղס塷ߣ˶


261 ͻ
˵ղһ˸ľôʵ߾ǰ߸ߴȲ꣬еʿӶΧͬʱ֣ʿꡣָԱ֡
ǵ²֪ʲôʱ˹һ˷ܣʿ֣ǰ棬;̨£ǷƷ벻׺ôʾȻ֡ȻС϶ȥˣɣ
˵ŻںԾӣϵʿƬӣ˷ܵ΢죬ҲͦøЩ
ڵȻһЦһס塷ˣǰһУżãֵһᡣСˣǰˣ˷ˣȴȻζˣˣ
һ֣Ҫȥ
˶һѱĹͷر֮ıԣʤΪڱ˫ݵλȴҪ⵱̧ԼĹλƱˣ³ˣЦ
ǣ˶ñĵĿ⿴һۡ
ʲôʱԹıԼղ񼤷ܣһʱʧԣѳʿеһЦֻ޲õ϶ȥ
һ˵Σ͸ȥˡ
ΰȴҪ£ûãοϴظʱɫְֺףȫǼޡ
ݺݵشԼҲͣȥٲߡ
ʱ򣬹ԲͻȻӲ˳
ԼǾ涼ǰڽʶĶˣʵ̫ͺʿʿ
˼ûõСΪѾߣҲ˵ϻˣΰ͵סͳԱߵ˼ѣãã
һƣϡ
С㱣һʱʮѾͷƵһһͷײԱߵǿϣɳɳУϵĻѩͷ
ڼԲæȥԲзԸ
ʿŷ˸СѾͷΪڵļˣܿõһߡ
ԲСʣʿǰˣеڶ¶׶ʵ̫ѣҼӳأʱɲ˷ţ
ڣԣʲôЧһʽ
ŶԲˡԲͷлʿȥػˡ
˵Żվӡͷ˻ѩͷϵһѩˮʪʱŭģļ澣ûĹ֣
ϵʧ˲ʹһƢСҲ̲סƿڴ
һʱ䣬Ի
ʿӱʫΪɽյСﻹڸ󸨳ģһоƤ
˺һһľ롣
Ů˺˳ܣҪЩԲȻɱϾǸСмܵסʱۿ΢죬ᶼˡ
ЦһСϣȻһŮˣʲôͳ
ֻסԲԲ߳ŭҲҪͬһʶ
ʶʶƨЪ˹ؽеڣΪҲ֪˭ʲôǸСˣֺõĶλүĳ谮̭үүˣ㲻ҪμӴ𣬾ͱˡ֪ǰһΪʲô𣬹ζΣ
û뵽ڸ󳼾Ȼ˵ֶӵĻͫһһԭһжСΪҾ˵ʱΪʲô˲˳
ͻȻ׹񲿵Ϊʲôڿƾٱһ϶Լ˵ѣԭǵ
ˣ˻˶裬ǽˡ
֪ںޱҪġСϽնѾҲûҪһ𷢷衣
֮衣СϣպǡҪȥ
ٺ٣˵˰ɣû˰ɣشЦ
ڻȻͣСǸɫҪȾˣնȻҪơ
ԲСؿţʱĲˣ¶Ŷׯӡ
һüԲʲôʲôӣСҪ㼸䣬ˣ˵ȴ㡣
ɲʶ˵˴أִӣΪһͨˡͼģȴû뵽ܹеģ֮ˡ
ǺˣǸղ澵ˣˣʲôʱˣһ׵ĸˣȻôͷ¶棬˵Ŀ㣡
Сôһʱһ㶣ȴεسһʿͬ˶˵һҲǶࡣˣ¼һǻɣҵĳһߡ
ǡڼͬˣкЦСϰСϣػػأȻδĴˣϵҲûˣ۲ʰǸӡ
ţлᣬڵ𣬸ϵһϼҸӰѸõ˶ˣǽƣΣǽ֮£Цȴ֪
ôһ룬ɿ
Բ߰ɡ
ԲĨ᣺ǣ
жһܹи˳֮Ϊԣ˭
ղŴŮֶ񣬵δĻʵĸףǰǡ
˶ͬĿ⿴СϣҲһΣȻһҧվֱǿţЦĿڳ˴š
ϵԣͻΪУҪ˵͵ﾡˣҲ²ôࡣ

ȵںԶҡӳµôˣôԾƣԾơղɶˣ˭Ӯˣ
û˻ش𣬿СϵĿһ
ǸѲӣҵĶ֪Ҫֳʲôӡ
£ڹԱʿǷ׷ǰָǣһôɢ

ᳵĳҲΪͬһ߳֮ھͿһһůΡƥëɫವЩ䡣
ͽӶԵƾɣԯᣬϵƤҲ˲
θǸ򶼴Ŵֲѣȫû˵ɡ
Ȳϳе̼֡
ò˵ʵܼӵġӿʹԪ谣ٵڡڣ¡ʵۣݻĩĳʵۣԼĿѾŰĳ̶ȡ
Ȼξʵеࡣ˼õԼǮӲ֡
ΪͽøڣȥǶůӡ
ֵʱº͵˵ʿΪⳡҪӮҲѵġȴдôһ׾ôʡһ¡ù¼ȴҲѹˡԺĪҪʫˣòã
һ㣺ڲס
һ̫̾ҽԺ̫ҽ˵ˣñʫҡĶһʱ侹ֲסöȴҪ̥
ڴ󺹣ϾǴǣҪֻҲû취дĶ
ԲѾָɰġʯͷǡʲôʱдǶȲˡ
ʯͷǡѾµʮ£Ҳûٽųȥʮ¾ͽѩ۵鳭ˣڸ߶ʮأûгϮļֵԼ
һ̫飬̫಻̫ࡣ
һЦ޷ʿдʫдʫʾΡСϵΪ̱ƫֻģȻٴνֻ費ù¼ҿˣһ𣬹¼ԺһοҲá
ڣüͷ
ԲЦ¡ʯͷǡҿԿģ֪Ĺ¾ͳɣҿڽúܡ
ЦСѾߵԴùԲһͷСϵӣУ¼Ѿ߸Ϻ̷۹Σ˻˽ġ϶¥¶ҪȣֲԼüءα˶ȥ˴ӵĳƺţοϰݣ
ڿЦ˿ȴѲҲ֪ʲô鷳
СӦòֱӳֵģϾݰ󻨿ʫһϳ̡
ںǺһЦãѿӶ
˵ЩףԲ͵Ц
·ûƵģ˵ǰһЩӮɵһ֪϶¥Ķ֡Ͳԣһϣһ£û취ȡֻһʫĿ֣ղġ塷ѰһӶδдһסСٶȺͼƴֻδʤСԼ̰֮֮
ڣõģǱȿ۵ʫʣܿڣǳʫףδףһ쳭һ׿ƪǺѹܿң
Ϊ֪һڵʫʺС˵ϲռˣӢ䲻͡
ʵʵʷϣһ֮ˡҲΪžĲѧţֲϧš
вţ־ۼһ߹̷ڡžһһʵҲĬүǰԼİףɵͷ
ֻһ֪ǻʵ۵ˣܹΪүƽһ
һֱΪСԣүѾʮûм档ܼʵ棬Ϻܶ΢ĶҲղǸȡ
ʵб˽ڣƽͳºҲβ
ڣͱüˡ
Ȼ˼Ҳֻһţȴ˵
ҪڣҲõȵ˽ʿź÷֡һүķۣеǶڸ󳼣һССľ˼УҶΡ
뵽ʣʿ괺ǿаգС˵񲿵龿ô£
ڲ֣Ц޷һ԰ˣͬǰԺԺҲûʲô𡣡
⻰˵þᣬͺ˵һԷˮһ֮£ȴԼɢһǿš
ˣڵֶ֡
Զȥ֮ͬԲһůΡ
Ƭ̣ŶԹԲԲѡһ£¿
Բ֣ðȻʿӦýдʯͷǡġѾû½ڣȵġ
һЦСѾͷֻſʿĻ˵ҪԵʫʡ
Բūֲôѡ񣿲ʿĶܹǼõģһǱѡˣͳͳ͹ˡ
һ̾ҲֻˣʿǰţؾҲҲǼԹ𣬸ǿڡ潫Ůǵдʮ֣֡һ׾Ե伮дء
߰ɣȥ״¼үҲϲġַͭ¯ϣֳ濴һۡ
ĵƹУѩƬƬž
ηŵؽ̧ߵƽСġ

Уɫ˵ȶɢȥ
֮УŭضС磬۵ͷˡ


262 ʲô
ҹѾˣŤдΪм
Ǹ޵īֻ֪ок졣ԣпδĹˣС϶Ƶġ
ʵҲôƤ
٣֮¹ϵشֱսºϵ˥衣ˣȻ˴󣬺ֵСϻǲڸͳһƤڻȨǷƨ
ϣҲֻ۾ΰ
ΰϾǾ˳ôҲ֪أЩһζ֮
ղŭŮѾ߹Բһ£ΰҲѾ֪ˡ˿ӣԴţһһһ㣬żǾһ̧һͷȻֽԴȥ
װɣЦһˡ
ŭˣСϾҪһ
ǳ֮˳ۡ
һ׺٣ȴǿֻ֣һʾûС
ޣϼҸѵްӶ᲻óһëΰ
ִ֮ͷβڳһͷߣ˻Ϻүȴ¹˭
գǲӣҪÿ
ȻһЦɿΰһһҵȻµˡ
µİڲظǮ˵İΰһ˯ӣﹾ˼ſˮҪ˵µģСǹɵġ
ͷ˯ˡ
ȷǹֵģԼ𣬷ҸӣЦ
ǰ̽̽ΰˣȷڲظǮ֣ɴͷβǷ˵ġΪɣֻලա
֪ˡЦһСϿǾǸʲô©ҪʦͷβŭС϶ûһۡ
ԿԽպ費һڸ󸨳ˡϵɽǰǣӽƣ㡣
Ƶأ͵תͷݺݵؿһۡ
ô˵Ҳڸ󸨳ԴԲ̫֮ڸһְѳ֣쳤վãȻȻһǿ
һۿƱ¶ҲһƤһӵȨƣڳаԵ˿ķϣ֡ȴǵһ
жʱˣͺһͲؽӳһ
Ȼջײڲ輸ϣһ豭ӿĻھԵ쳣
㣡ʶԼʧ̬֮ŭٹ˲࣬Ҫ˽ϳȥ
ͻȻͷ̧ͷ微Ц
Ц̵࣬ĶһۣҲЦôסˡ
ãСϵЦͣ
־ŭЦƨѣЦɶ
ЦȴͻȻһźףụ̂ҹмලյְ𡣿Ǻεô죬ܹҪϸģҲڡŷЦЦԼԺԴ󣬽󸮺٣һҪˣͬλ˵ûйϵ
˵껰ʹͳһǮƱŵΰߵĲ輸ϣϴ˽ʮ٣һݱ񣬿룬ȴ֪ϴϲʲôԾͲˣһ⣬Ҫƴǡ
̰ƣСϸԼǮе΢˳ЩƽЦʱ֪ǸӱʾǰָʲôȥˣˣѾȴʮܹƽϢģǮͲ㣬ղգȴҪүү顣
ҪԺǳ⣬ȴһֱռµĸȴ͵۾̰Ĺâһš
жʱһ㣬֪ױԼǮһúôõѰĿѾ㲻θڡ
ѵСϳֺܴ
к棬ǰһȥΰҹѾˣ˼ѸߣˣͷЪϢ
۾ȴ䵽ǮƱ棬һ͵һ
ȻɽݿһǧǮƱ
ЩͿˣǧһʾ޿ʡ͵ڸ̿ҲǧҹҸӾֳ֮󣬾ʲô


263 ´
һֱװ˯ΰͻȻװģ̾Ϣһˣ˯١СѵǸһΣôҲðá˵ӾǼ꣬ղŶС˼ʲôø󳼣¼һһıѧʿͬƽϰˡ¥񡣡
ǣ˵ǡôǮĻŭţǰͬǵҲڽǮǰɢˡ
һѽǮƱץεؿۣŷɿ˸ŵ¥˾ǱƢû飬ǰвĵطϡ
һԸڽǮǰĳ̬С๫һġ
ɱϻһºͣ޷Ҳǵһͬλ˽Ҳòĵطǰˡ
ûϵûϵӲһᣬҽʱͬ˵һˡȻԣԼһ㣬ǰ԰ڡ
˾Ͷлˡԣǲ壬ҲĻϡ
ˣСϵˣպ£˵ǮƱλ˲豭Ҫ˲Ϳ͡
ʱΰſһһŨ̵µűߵ̵һֺ˵Сϣֻ²Ϊ°ɡ
Щεؿ˶һۣĵӹȻһڸԵãǺô򵥣
ΰЦЦΪϴ˺ǰղⲻһ⡣ʱ򣬼Ҹһֱң˵ҲϴˣҲճϲΣ˼ˣ䣬ӲʣҰǷݺ
ϸҲҪ񡣡˵ղСһ־ǧ֮ޣڸ׸ôҲӵĳָŽùȥ
ϼҸӵʶ֪Ȥֵһ
˷ܣ̲סʣǮƱأ
⻰˵ЩˣҲͳ
еıĸ̫أϴƴǣȴûд
û˵̭Ǹ𣿡ŭʲôŵڣʲôĶûأ
ʱΰͻȻʶʲôֹסӵ̧ۿСϻлԡ
Сϣ˵ɣ׸﾿ʲô
ͫͻȻһҸӣ絶һ
ֻüЩǣͻȻЩη
һһ˵üҸʮϴˣ
ΰҲͬʱг棿
ʮǿһְľ޿̫һҲ򡣶һƷ֪أÿٺ»Ҳӡ
ξĹʮ൱ִҡ
˴ֱʣҸ޷
ͬʱվ࿴һۣͬʱԷеȺ;塣
ϷԣȻ档صػش𣺡ȴ֪ϴ˺ûеǮ
ڴͣˮԹԣʮģöǮͷɱͷҲá˭áδ̫ӾֶӣӵĵӲ¼û˱Ҵġ
һãţֻܽһ
ΰȴͻȻСôһǮҪǸһ£ָٲǰǰʡ
ЦΰǸϺͿǸ̰޴Сˣд£ҷ
λˣҪʲô£һ⣬ǮҲֱ͵С黹ôά޹˵̣óٶ强Ǯ֧˹ͲϷá
С˵°ΰЩʲô˵ȥ
ȥ̵Ǯڲظȴҹ𡣻ʼҵĹ̿ûһ׼һשһߴӳ͵УӼۣǮƩһƥשɣһһƥ̵ʹĵϣͱɶʮάްɣϸѹأҲһٶ¶ȻٶҲûҪ˼ʡǮ·ԥˣϲųݻ̫ڼ󣬷ǵ˼ҲˡԽЩǮˣѲ°ˡĿ飬ҹ𣬵ʱ򣬶λֻǮȻڸǩֻѺˡ
ҸʲôͬǸһʣά޹̵Ŀҧһ
ϣǸǵ˶ʮôϼͳôһ顣Ҳ֪еõĺôԱʮöࡣ
˶ʱоһ˿ףΰ˻صϣСϣ´Ҹ˼˼Сȥ鷿
˵껰ֽ۾ˡ
Ҳ򶨣΢΢һЦҲǣҾȥ鷿ȶλ˵šɣһɣҲ޷Ȩҽûû˵Ļ
˵꣬Ҳֱͣ˾ң鷿ȥ
ղҸʱ𺳵ıе̰һ˿ؿСҸӵĵΪǿʲô鶼ɵóġѾȥˣɵ϶ϹģԴˣġ
鷿ĬĬغŲˮ˼Ѿɵֱܶţ˺ϣɵ˶ǰߡ
ʵ̫ȱǮˣǰʵ̫ȱǮˡ
꿪ͻһսɾӵĲڳٳδѾȡٴǰʿ͹ȥ꿪ľжû취ڽС
жҾʵϣս¾ϵ棬һݡԵ˼ڶάһʤܣصľ档ֻҪ̴ȥ͢͵ýϵǸӾܰȻȹһѹء
Ȼ˵ƶȿúܺϵСҲ֪˵ףҪȥֻ»кܶ鷳ȵȫ̿˰Ҳ֪Ҫȵ¡
ңΪ𲻹һӣǻʵ۵ıҪϵ˵ĹУӵġʵвʵУֻ»ʵ۸ͲϡңôһߣʵҲźڶ󣬱Ȼ֡
ԣСǷǳðġ
˲󼺣ٵȲˣΣ꿪ӱ
ñȥݣܸһó͢ӿĿǰǲġ
νά޹̿Сһ£ܴеõʮĺôʱ򣬸ǰʮԼʮ򡣼㽫ʵ۷֣Ҳ˵ȫȥǰˣһӣʹƶȵı׶Ϊϵϴɣ˳ŵһҡʵ۵ԽɽΪأǮõܵľá
Ǻǣ͢˵۾ɶŻʵ۵С⡣ʵǮǻǱʹһһĭ㿴ǴһĹＷ˵ӳͿڶϽһ˹ģսۡ꣬ĹҪǹҪƶԺͱˣٽԺӣٽ强Ǯõܸܽºȥ
õһǿƶϸϵΪϴռãԽƵ˼ϡʵƶȲûʵеĿܣʵҲ˽ȥ
Ը̺˼ξʵ۶ʮ꣬ү֪֮ס
ӣ¼һһ֮ˣ̰ͼݣճ鷳
ȱ㣬ֻպˣҲ֡
ƶѻֱʵͷϣüξ澡ʧ
ǺǣʥȻǺľˡ
һССľˣֻҪûʵڱҪԲһɫ顣
ڣСϺ޵ҧгݣڣεúÿҲҪϽݺܴѹʫ˵ģҲҪӮ
õ⣬ΰӽˡ
û˵ֻЦЦǣһжԤ֮Уҧˡ
һСϣǸһ£¸ɵá
һЦֽվǰסôʵǲܵġʱǼһԿȫˡ㸸ӣȴҪˡΪΪʳ˳ϲҡ
վװһ洺ӣǺǣˣǾͺúýԲˡ˵λڽͶ֮ǰҾҲΪƶϣô˵ӶһЩ
̾Ϣ˭˵ǰǰӣǾһ࣬ĿడСϣҾǸ±ç˶ǰ˵ҲҪϡ
޷һСᣬǰԣڣмˣҲ򲻵
С˵ɶأʫһѣûʲô˵ġ˵޵һ޵ڶ˼ǣĻ˶鰡û취ָʤݵ˵ɣϲ塷ȴƫƫϲ¶ӣζͬѡڲһᶡżȻдһ׺ôʰˡȥдϼףҪ¶ӵġ
ڣһֽһá
Щɻ󣺡СҪдʲô
ʫ


264 ս
СҪдʫѾˣʫҲûȡǵЩǳð
ᶡһ˵ЩĻȻٱһ˭˵úãⲻǴдһԳԾƣˣˣǮʹȤ
СϣڲһС٣ڸ󸨳Ƿǰˣ𣿡ԼǱǶʮӴ̼ˣøУ˵Ҳ
ٳ֮УûꡣԱһ̰ͬīӣǹϵʹزͬˣЩһͬϹսսѡ
⻰ЦڵΣ֪ƨ½飬ߡִĲȻͬҲᡣӪı£Ҳڶˣô˽ʿ˹ٳˡֻȸݽ֮£ȴǲ֪ģĳҲͬ˵
̨ﵹ˵ˮڵĥһī֭ҲǶ˵ʫʣȻСͻȻȤȻдüõġ
ղһ£е⣬ͻȻɲʱк籡Ͳסˡ
˵ͷ²ݣһдȥ𣬴ѡƴӺ֪ǹ硭
ʫдúиоֻбʺܿưֽζЩʫ䣬Ҳ·ûо˼һ㣬ĵð
һʫԼյķྶִͥһʸС
һɲǣЩʫ⾳֮ˡ
һдһЦضΰ˵ıԣҲʤһˣ¾ͷλ˽Ϣ￪ȥ
Ϊ⣺¥ˣôܣ˵ôʱ仰ֱӺ֡
ҲϣһЦ޷˵ĳһ״ʲǰ׼ģδزǾ޸ɾΡĳԣֱֳʤ
ȷѿԣԼʿеҪҪ
ٳһԼ׳ɵĹ򣬷ǽʿΪ٣Ǻֲ
ڸ󸨳һ졣Ǿ˹ӼߵƫšȲǽʿû֣һռ
֮˸ǿŸ׵Яϵ
˵ˣҲʿе䣬һʫʡʡ˿ɼΪ̳ŵڸ󣬱Ҳ˵ʲôȷʵŻ
ڣĲȴܵڵսҲɺ͵ˡ
ʫϴڣ
ǵģ״ʿ϶ǰдģҲʱ޸ģ׼֡ԼִӭսȴСٱȥĲŻԺδֻ衭޸ɫĻᡣԣ۾һһʫ֧Ŷáдʫٶȣ˭ܱȵңҾͲûƪʫʶдüãֻһ׳©ֳԭô룬⡣
ȰƲƲ죺ãȻ¥ô˵ˣҾͰԭھд￪ȥˡ
һֱô˵ΰͻȻСϣòϣ״üãǿԴġҲǶģǾ䡮¡Ҳ̾Сϣ˵䲻ĻдôܽӴʱȥ
⻰һһī֭䵽ֽϡЩǰǰס塷̫ˡƬһĻǰչƬʱպͱھ⸱ͼĳ֮ҵı޷Գ֣ʧ
֣һָɽֹĸо
Ҽȥ״ǰܽâڸǣ
ͻȻɥʫ˼ˡֻñǧдȥ
ΰͻȻһ˿һֻҪɣҺСϾ˨һˡƣкЦİһѡ
͵Сϣν̣֪ﳤܶء
һתͷΰϴ˵ȥ
ΰ˵ͷòϣڵĴʾǧƪҲΪдʫдʿɲһе˴úãʫͲôˡ㣬ӴƪƪԴҲûףҶѰ֮ҲˡʽǴʾ͸֮ʫ򽲾̺⾳
һ¶ϲɫ
תΰһҾܽˡ
ǰڲǴдúãʫ棬ֻδܱȵùҡ
ţȻŴսҷô͵ҵĹ
λˣͷĳĻȥڸҲͬһ


265 һ
֮Ǽ£ڰǰڵҲ־ɢˡ
¹ϵشһֱơСϵĳƺſɲ˵ģǳãǼһԶ֮£Ǹ׸ͼҳȴô¡
ǣά޹̺Ǯ;ȥϣ¹شҪ״µһɽ
ˣصϸ֮Сϻҵ˸ףֵһУϸ˵һ顣
Դڻʵ۸ǰʧ֮һʱԵȥϣһ˯ģ
˵ΰֻ֮ȻѾˣͰ·ȥɡ±ǰģֻΪ˼磬ܶ鶼˼ǲ飬ΰ
ǣ״ˣվ̸̸һж֮󣬾񣬻ÿ
ðͻȻ̧ͷŴΪҹɫ͵͵̾Ϣһ
ʲô׸ΪʲôĪôһ䣬Щɻ
ðڵĴʡõĽʡҲǽʿҲĲӣôдءôһ״Ҳİϸϻ̾Ϣ
СЩգ״ˣһ״ʶѣҲ鸽塣ȴǲԡϻӪСˡ
ֻ¡δʤ૵˵
״ˣô־Լ磿䡣
ҡŻ׵ͷ­СƺΣǧʵ˵ˮƿ
ͬһˮõͷϣʱ͸ġ
ʫɲİǰһƶȵʱȥʵگԡʫξʵ¼ϣùھǽϡ
ݹ̫˵⸱ֱġΪάޣʵ۾Ͱȥ˱ߵʱʲôû˽⸱սװ
ʫСʵʫڡ
òϣʫдʮ㣬Ȼһɼҷǡ
ڡдʫ𡭡
һ
ɻѾųȥˣΣҲӲͷƤڽһ

ȻˣʵڵʫҲúܺõġȴҲһҪ飺ԼϿ˶º飬̫Լڵ¶һ棬Ȼʧ
ȥˣȥʲô
öͷӣֵĵطк

ڴʱıʳеİ˳츮ڸ󼸴֣û˵𡣿¥˭ͻ׼ȷر컨ţԼóݳĿ
Ӽξ𣬵ڣһ䣬Ѿһ嵥ˡʮ¥ĥ꣬˻ʮ֮ǰͻѰ˼Ҽˡ
ԣǵҲꡣ
ɼˣɽԼεؿͨĿС
кµˣʼ¼л֣ʫ񣬽һٻס淢С
ԣνĻʵͬӰҲûκڰĺ֪ȣҪ֡
һ컨ռͷѽεʱ䳤ĴԼ̵꣬һꡣֻ֣ڰ״˼¾ͱ¸ȥģǼξͷһ⡣
ĻԿ˵ǽ꾩ֽ䶯һ£ֻʱڳдˡ
¶ػ÷·תҲΪһ˶ȥƣټһ˶ϲɵϰߣٴƫƫǲƾˣҲΪ¾ԵԽصĴ־
¾Ȼ˲ƣ˼
ǸӣǲƵ˻ĸ֮󣬱¸ˡµĻƺŲһ£ɱ˻˵ĳȴڲ֮䡣
ǰ˵˭ǿһЩ˭һЩһʱҲֲ
¶Ȼ֮лһ
Ǳġ

ϰյĿֻעϻϣʿ˹ĵȴ˱ʫд֡
Ϊ˶֪µȨСϣƷȻɵʫۣҲֻһ˿֮ȼ硣
ٻ֮һѵ
ģĳϵˣԶڶϣôǧܵǣΪʫϽСϱȥˣ
ô᲻Ǽξӡ
Ҳԣϵϣû˼˵ʫҲӮ
ô˵ʫ軹ģ˵ܹ֮˳ǿڱ֧š
֮󣬼ĻĶ˶ڽͷβ۴¡
ͬʱ塷ҲԷٶھʿӼ䴫ȥ
ȥȥǧ̲ĺ
Թ𣬸ǿգѺδ˴˺Хһʪճ
˴̾ϢǸ̡
е˶ױ״ʾˣеشߵ֡
ܼ򵥣Դμ˳̳רһܵĻϵϣ˵̳Ѿһ˵¡
ɾʱ߾ԾԵʵСϳ׻ܡ
ôҲò桢̾ˡ
ǣ֮Уʢ˶ܣһǧֻΪϲһ棬׽дġ塷׿һߵ֡
ܿ죬ҾʹӲƺ͵ľ˿ȷڵ֡
һãôҶͳһ
ԭڱǹٻ˼ӵܣΪ岻ãһֱûвμӿƾ١
ϰŻصĴϼҲμӿԣһԵԣٵԺԣ˳츮ԣôɵعˣԤμĴǡ
⻹һǡͯԶһͷ׵ιصģһСԪ
ڣֵ˵һԪȥĻ˻Ԫһ״Ԫһ˸ĴԪ
״ֳĲŻδؾͲһᡣ
ɾоʿб÷з֮ʱһϢ
ڵ״ǾдòáڳɶμӿԵʱʶָ֮£ɾ޸ĹΣŸĳģ
˵״һֻ֮ռһС빦ͣȫĴʡ
ңֻдʣʫȴó
С˵ˣĶУԩȴڲӣвŻ֤ԼףͼȥֱһͶΪֹ
ңҲдʣֱ塢Ϸֳߵ͡
ԵķҲܼ򵥣һףòƺ³С

˻ȻŶԭĶӰڽ״ʸĳģѹˡʲôˣǿǴ֮̽ĵһӣĶȻǿ

ҥһǶ˵ĶŪˡ
˵αӵ֮˵Ѫ֮ûһȷʵĴ𰸡
ʷϣ˵ѧʷҲһ׮

Ȼ֤ԼͲòӭսˡ
ϧĵڶգΪйͻԷȥˡ
죬ȻصԼʫѾ¯Ҫһֵıнѹơ


266 Сϣ㻹û
Դϴڱ֪һֱڻʵߣӽ֮󣬶ӾЩ
Ҳ֪ʲôԼ飺塢𺳡һ㡣
£ԶӵļӣͲүʸˮʯʵϣҲü̲סҪôʶʵ۵ģɻߣȴ֪Ӧô˵
ôүǷˣˡ
һΪԣÿһﲻĳʻǾүܶ˻ɫɫĹٷųˡ˶ԶҲǳʿǷסȷ֮󣬾ͽһдֵƬ͹˵ݷ
ΣӲİ̫үδȥϾλʱҲֹΡ
ȻƢãΪͻѣֿԼҹӳճɵɵǰ;ˣűġ񣬹漣ػָڿƳһ˳˾˹ּڵģδǰ̹ԶǰοҲ˳
ӭΣİԹٳĹҲӴÿʱ壬õĿа̾ڼҷϣССһѾ߾Ȼ˴ҷ緶Ȼ˵á
ڲʱͶһʧƬӸǶȥвĵţ߼д˼ʫʡ
ЩµĶӶСĵطűʰˡ
ȵ죬ڻˣŽʲôÿͣʲôһһ棬ڹܼҵģ
ڽӹӺ˰ҹд˻ţʵڶסˣöӸԼϴˮ˵ҪϴЪˡ
һƣЩۣ̲סү⼸տˣ
ڲϵشŹǷЩۣǸͲסģһЩ鶼ӸҺϻơдƪΣ˸ڿˡ
СĵشڵĽţүЩ˯ˣˣϾǴǡү˵ûбϣҲ֪᲻鷳ʵڲУϻƺͳȥ˵˵
ûأһƽͳº鷴ʵ䷴㲻֪ʿ˶ԽеĹǶз֮ģ˭̫ͬ೶ϣǻˡӲ⣬ھʹʱ̫˵̸˵ĹŹƢ˵˰죬ֱ˵ƤܣŰοõģҲò˼죬񲿾ͻ׷ұأ
ЦŽŴѾȥˮҪ˯硣
ǣү
ԴӴԽ֮ףϰߣÿʮϴ糿ĵˡҪٳģîʱҪʼ칫һ굽ͷûڣڿʼϰࡣ
ĵһ죬ȴû뵽𴲶˵ֱһʹľټ⼸ȷʵˣ˯
ڶգûһڣŮ˵¶СЩү˵ү⼸չæʵⲻסˡ
ŮѾ֪ڵݺڳеλô˵ɫ䣬˵ֽҲᡣ
ɻв۵˴Ժһ̧ԺӴſڡͷǸηʹŻغʿү
ſǿŽϻһϲȵط
磬ӶʱŭˣһţȵʲôˣһʲôҼүǰЪǳ𣿡
⼸սӴĲʿֲſǳйԱƷ١ӽŮȻȻʹһơ
ǰŵĽηһ˼æѹЦʴ㣬⸮
⸮ʲô𣿡˳ҲСȥ
ŷͷͷˣʿүĸۡ
һͲʲô֡üͷĵǸŮӣһҼʲôѽ
ˣһʮСӽ̽ͷȻ½ӡ
һŮвϲĹȻʩۣҲޱȻɿʣȴǸ˼ҳġ
λҼүʲôӵʣǺˡ
ǸСЦزסضŶӿ㳤úƯҽǴӳݹģʿҪ̡
˵ԼòտʼлЩˣһ˵Ǵӳݹġȴ˸ͻȻǰһү˵ȥ¥ţѵȥСѾͷ
ʱͽȥԭҼүЪϢ˵˲͵ġ
㣬мҪʿ㻽һ
Ҫ£¥ʲôҪ£ӶʱЩŭʲôݣȻҪȥү
û뵽˵ֻҲãʱˣԺﺰʿʿ
ӴŭҲ壬Ϳ͡
ǡ߹ס߰ɣҼүûռ㡣
ţһĽҪٺԺﴫڵӣɡ
˻ͷһѾվԺС
˵껰ھת鷿
ӵһۣҺšæȥ׼ϴˮͲˮ
ҲԺ˰죬ڡ
Եûƣ룬ϣϴһë̺һЦҲƹģأ
һԼҹƣɣЦҼҹæúܣҪԵлģʵ߲һ⡣֮ˡ
ֹǲôſڴСУԱţҶ㳳ˡڸ𴲣кܿʣ豭Сڵغˮ
һͷʱʵû뵽һղǲԱŵġֻµھӶ֪ǴӳģΪǷҵķծ׷أ
ڣ꣡һڵĲˮ˳ȥסؿԣССѾͷŶ͡˵ֻҪбˡ
Цڵĺ󱳣£Թʿµʲô
ڿЦŴŮӳ磬ҲһӶѣôˣԴ֮ͽԷʲôһ֪Ϣ
Ծʵ֪𣿡
ڣ⼸ûھǣһŲ֪
ԭ״һھˡĸҼҹνǺ͸˰죬Ѿݺݵؽѹڽŵˡ¥ŮӣŻ˵ġ⼸գ컹ûʿȥǳݣ̵Լʿġ塷ʵ̫࣬һ֮ȻǲġɾģҪƹҲõʮ¡
ڳһҲû뵽ȳ̶ȡ
ҼҹﱾҪлģʵֻ߲һˡ
ںԼ״ʵЧӣԼǳˡ
⻹ǿʼӵĽһԼӰ컹һ󡣱ϾǹŴûִĴֶΣһ¸׷ƹ㣬ٵ͸죬һʱ䡣
͵һ״ʶѣϷֵ֮ʲô
ǵ͹ĻĴٶȡ
ҡСԴҲǣĺãġԼ֪⼸գһҹһȥȾͻӣҲĹ᲻ᡣȻҪŲƹӳϼ䣬ģҲҪץʱѧȫˡ
ڴΪϲЦһ裬˵˰컰ǾЩƣ룬ˣȥ˯ˣҲƹ⣬ˡͶ˲豭Ȳ衣
ڶ˲Ϳͣһ׮ҪҪ죬Ͼôˡ
˵ʵЩ֣ȴ˿ڡ֧죬Ҷվ
ҲЩԣʣҲƹﱾĴʱľˣ£˵
ЩΣС΢죺лʿˣֱ˵ˡ
һֻ֣˸֫ơ
磬״ʣҼҹǺݺݵüһѣҲǺ͸˾ųǡƷչȥѶػͷΡǣ粻ֹϣȴͻȻһʫǳʣȻСϵֱʡ»СϷų˵Ȼһ󣬿ɲԩΪõϢġ塷֮ġҪӮ˵ǰ£˵֮
⻰˵÷ǳԼֱڳϮ˵ŻҲסС۾ڡ
һüͷ˵ȥ
˵˵ˣǳ㲻׼ڡ㡭ʵѧٱһҲʣֱʫϾһۡʿ㿴¡
ȴЦ⻰˯ҲȫˣСϣûûˡѵҪеˣſϸģ
ڼԼ죬ƾһһսǲġ
ܹΣȻǺ䶯һʱĴ¡
ˣ»
ô˵ͻȻǳױŭˣٴӭս
һϲʿǡ
ص˵ͷ
æվ΢΢һҼҹлˡ
ڽæʣҪʫʲôʱܹЩ
ڣʱԣôô𣿡
ȻǺܼģСϵʫһʱͺ䶯ˣȥǱߵʿ˵ʫȷʵúܺãټļҸղŹʱҲȥǱ͵һģҲʿǡڲܣֻûգСϵʫҪʱֻ¾ûܼǵס塷ˡ
ЦһдĶҲǷӹ֮ôܽҵ״ʱȥҲգ֣ʵǸҥˡ
ϲæڰϵķı̳ڵĥī֭д
˵˵ʫܱ𣿡ʡ
ȻܱŪɤӣ𣬴ѡƴӺ֪ǹ硣
ƵĳǻԵЩɣܶطԵòԲͨȴһŴŴھһ
СѾͷĺܲҲò꣬سһҡ
̲סһֻëʣתˣñʸˮϴ˽ࡣ
ȵ꣬ʣΣ
ĺܲһп
ڵɫȥˣ⡭Ǻã
һЦ˵㳪úãʫǡͷ̾ϢǹƨͨдʫԻڣЩͬˡ
ͷԭǶҵġ
ߵǰʱպһīֽ֭ɷдȥдߵȻСҪұʫҲӭսʧãҲһԣÿڷķ
СԴȥ³¯ʫ
һƣס
ٱ£Ӱˡ
¼ȲӰͽ
ݰ½Ӱ뼰
ҸǻӰҡ
ʱͬɢ
Σƺ

˲ƶ꣬οʫ֮
ʫ󣬾ʵ̫ˡ˼ӱʫֻһۣʫܹۡ
ӽӽţֻһĹ¼ųӯأƫƫָоҸ죬Լоٵ⣬ҹɫлĿ
ˣ¶Ҳ¶ˣįǼį
ǵģּįɾֹ¶Ƿʹġ
ǰͬڻ˵ЦСĵؿЦС¥Ů֮¶Ҳ磬ѰӣҲ
ǰƮƮܱʼӣ㱼ͺɣһȾġġʳ˼̻
˿ֻ̣ܾηˡ
ƣǲ졣
ƣӦ޾Ȫ
ؼȰƣƲ졣
ʥ͡
ʥαɡ
ͨһȻ
þȤΪߴ

¼ݳǣǧ
˭ܴԴ˾
ͨ޶̣컯
һ¹
ʧأأȻ͹
֪Ϊ
ССظĶһ£ԭʫǸĳ˼ء
ţǡ¶áʫһס
ǧˣٱ
٣
֪ʥƺԿ
ſռջء
ա
зҺ
ƣ̨

£ҪѾЩ˫֣ͻȻ͵һסڵ˫֣֮ŽСʣ촽˵һ仰

˵ЩʲôأӦǰǾ仰Ƿʫ֮УҲһһļ
ѧĸ߷ǻС˵壬ǡ塷ƿ÷ԶġΪоĻ
׵ʫȴйŵѧΡĸɽס¶á롶ơСѡһ׵Ĵʫʹ貵ıʯ
һˣѧ޽


267 ϵƷζ
ڸθԨѧʿһֱûдڸеˡ
ҲλȨأһԾͶˣǳ֮ϣڸ£϶һԲԴȨ衣
ϼҸ˵ʲôʲôƤĬպ˵׼һƤͼ¡
ڸһǷ֮أǣ浽֮ζΪпᡣڸһмĻӢԨ󡢶ѧʿ»һΪԭʱȱ
˵ҶǸ󳼣Աǣṧغһϡߡĳĳࡱ
Ȼ࣬ɸʵϵǰְ
󸨳ְ˾׸ͳȫ֣θֹܲͬĲáš
˵ˣ֮Ȩ޲ȴ
ڸҪȨǶԳǵ۸ν֮ΪƱȻٽת˾ࡣ˾֮󣬾ڸĴ׵ͻɰдһ׼֣νġ족
һ˵ڸƱ˾඼ͬġϾô࣬ô࣬ҴǼëƤС£˾ڸһӵġ
ԣƱȨ˵ǸȨ
մĹأֻ׸ƱȨˣֻԼĿڲҪ׸顣
θȻڸڶ˵Ȩȴûκ
ԣӳʱڸ׸ʹθ֮䶼ˮݣΪþƱȨԪʹθһ֮ȴһãһзֱʵ̫
Դ˴θ֮󣬹ҴһŲʣڸл磬һʬλزģƱȨҲԸӡ
θʡġ
ȻĻҲкܶ࣬磺ѾϺͿˣռŴθǸλôӵĶ䡭裬ʹگθڻԵ
Ще
Ķ˴ƫʿǶ۾಻ɳӵġ
Щȫϣĳһģ֪ʱԿɼһС
ǣΨһ̾ϢʹͲ̵ľԼŮ
Ϊ̣Ϊ˳ƣΨһŮ޸Ե檡
ôθ¶컪ͤŮȻ檣Ϊֺðͽԣβ˱ģ
۱ôۣôۣ׶ģϿǸģֱ糿
ϣСˡܼҲһڱ׼ɽ߽鷿ɫдһֱߡ
νС㣬ΨһŮȻѾȥϸ꣬ɸĲ˿ڡ
Ŷ˵ʲôˣ׵ȥ˵ǲ˵Ĵ£ٴŻҡ
֮԰ŮȥϼңҪԵľ֮⣬Ҳͨ籨ŵĽɫһѾ¶꣬Ҫͷʹá
ʲô˵Ĵ£ֻܼѾ׶ʮ꣬ҵһԶףųճ˹ճ񣬻Ľɫһһĸ
ôˣ׼ܼɫ쳣Щ⣬֪Լˡ
ܼѹүСΪСǰ˵ע⣬ŭ˹ҷã˵Ź˵áҸЩҩȥơ
˵ܼˡ
Ŷױ񵭵˵һ䣺ͿСϼˣϼѵȱҩйȥô¡ȥػ˵ϣܻҪ
үܼһĨᡣ
ȥɣ׻˻֣뾲һ£û¾ͱ
ǡܼҪ˳ȥȴס
ȻƢ꣬ҲǸִ֪ˣô´֣˭
ܼңظϵĻ˵ڱʫһɥЪ˹ˡ
ŶֱһҵǼǵΰϾڣôҡҡͷһ֣ڵʫҰɣҪʲôʫСϱƵ˾ȡǳУס塷ҲˣȻдüãɸ̫͡Щ绨ѩ£ŮŮ֮£ȴǲ̫ϲġ
ˣȻû棬ȴǳ֪ӽƶȾֱʡΪ¹ϵʵشֳֻܱĬΪû취μӻԣоͶʱΪ˱ӣҲΪ˲ϵֱӳͻûһۣӵϡ
벻Źûգھֳ
ܼŴдֵֽݹȥϣСϺڵʫ⼸죬Ƕ䶯ˡ
ţÿڵʫˡùܼҳȥ֮ʫ壬ֻһۣͽһá
һ䡮𣬴ѡƴӺ֪ǹ硣һ϶¥Ǹɭϣʫڽһ׼ȸ̾ͻȻЩʡ
Ǻη֮ʱҲʫһ¹ܶ๤򣬿ĶȴζͬҲͶͷרһڵ
ǲΪʵܡ
ʫһ֡ûǸ츳ǿдֻЦ
϶¥ȻǲŻ簡ֻϧƷȴǲý
̾죬Ὣʫڰϣζã׻᲻ȥڵĸӡ
˵ʵڻȻѧͽɶȽϵʫȴƫáġ塷˿˶˵ãҲǽ֪дζȴһһ򲻶Ĳˡ
дҲССȶ֮οĲ¥£һ֮磬ȴ˷绯ˡ
ĶζֶϲϲдٲֻһͶϲãǾǺõϡϲǲϲֻƽᷳ
һ㣬Žǡ
ԣ׶״ʵ־޵ĸо
ʫд֮ã᲻ȥڵĸӡ
ڰǰƬ̣ԼŮϼҵͻȻЩѹͻȻһʹޣһѽĸӳϡãݺݵڵϣʫãȴãֱǸƤͷҲãжĥҿѵñ³ţܹµҩǼ¡
СϵĽǷǳģ֪ƫȣΰͷ֪Ҫŭʲôӡ
ȻҲǸˣȴôġ
һ뵽ȴһڵʫЩˡ
뵽ǰһӣԼ½֪ظд˵ĵѧڱߣҲ֪ǺΡʦΪڸθлᣬһ
ֽͬԨԴ˵м䣬֮Ա
ʶؽǷŴϼ˳ֿһ飬һЦĵհգڻҪ˿
ȻһԽȥĿһֱû취ȥԸ⣬ֻ˵һˣƫƫôɡ
һͿԿڲǸ
ڻʵó裬С¶ڲƽĿл̸ελѰ飬ֹϵԼǰ̣ͶһпԶõƫƫôɣ̣ȴʿս̳ʦλ˶޷ĴڡֶΣϵ
һ룬ͻȻ˲˼Ȥ̲ס̯ڵʫ壬
ڵʫֺܶ࣬е㳤
ֻһۣüëͺ޷Զֻоһ㼦ƤͷϮֱӽ崵͸ˡ
˰죬سһ͵شվȥɿطżϵ壬뽫ͶݸԼǷоҳ
鷿ɽ빺ҲΪ
鷿ó棬˴ʹţǽڶռˣ顢Ӻĵ
ˣкܶûţڵذϣһ鷿÷ǳխա
ѾڵʫŪ㱣ûע£һײϡ
һ鱾лҳ𣬿һɳ¾ɵζ
ܼæܽݣϣ
ҪġЦ˿ܼңһоһЦˣȻ
ڵоϲ˵Ķмһ𣿡
һʱһʱӣǷݾӷؿʮƽ
ܼͻȻЩ̲ס͵͵Լλү
ȴ۾ԽԽֱЩϸ΢ĺëҲ𣬲ӴһȦС
û˱ȹܼҸϼʱģݣڱǰ¶Уȴƪ˹ܼҡ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ųسһصطڰϣͷ˹ܼһۣʲôʱˡ
ʱ
óԷ˰תͷȥԺİѩѩ磬ϴգϵưɣ
ܼҾüгʮĻź͹£ϵϰ֪һ
˹֣ճȾƣҲȲ裬һ⣬˵Щ֮
ճҹ񣬻ڸֵҹ׶һ׿ˮ
Ҳ˲ٺþƣлʵ۴µ׾ƣⶼΪõĿԤģϸͲῴһۡ
ͻȻתҪȾƣֻܼоһġ
ֵ黹ں棬ϲȾƣȵ÷ǳࡣһ׾ƣò񫣬ֻ˰׾ơ
ξƲճһڰ׾ȥ֮һƾյͨ죬ͷϾͳһϸ
ʵЩܲסܼеǣҪǰȰ⡣
ɾʱͻȻӴһľɵ⣬һʢĲ档
ܼŵ
ãøʿ꣡һХһƣס
ٱ£Ӱˡ
¼ȲӰͽ
ʫֺ룡
ֱֱ˵׵ĿȥˣСϰСԣǧžǰٺã˼Ҷ֡
ʫԾ֮һǧˣٱ٣׵ľƽ䣡
ƣǲ졣
ƣӦ޾Ȫ
ؼȰƣƲ졣

һʱ䣬ݶ׵ĸ
鴦ȴͷҲɢˣӰҲˡ
ۣԼͣǸ۾ȻóƬڵʡ
ŮŵعҪʰ
ܼæֽסͷʾⲻҪүͷ
ЩÿడٲйֻҪ
ԣͷκһΣһǧ
Ҳ֪˶ã׽ʫ飬ͻȻХһ£һʫβޱľ£ﱯﳣͣಡ̨ѿ޷˪ޣʵͣǾƱ
ǣǣʹʹһþƣʫøʿ꣬ǰǿˡΪֻдЩǳ˴ĵȶ֮֮ȴ룬оСϰСϣͬʿʫȡ裡
ʫһȻʿе춨һʫڵĵλȴҪڻϹѣⲻЦ˭סҹĳˮ˭Ҳס˰ʫ
ˣΣȥϸ
ǣϣȥ׼
ȵȡͻȻѹֹסܼңٵȵȣٵȵȡ


268 
ʵרıȥԷ̣ڻǺԾÿһȥ¶
ڵЩΣ˵ӽɣȴֻо˹һͰԨУв⣬ϴ˼˲ȵĵλԣҪȥξﴮţ졣
ֶݣ߶ˣҲҪ֡
ȻֻҪԼ˽ʿ˺֣ʿ˵λһȴֲͬ
գԼ׵ԡáһݲ֡ǰųҥԣʫų£Ȼɢˡ
ۻƣƢʫ䣬ƮƮ˵⾳ͬСƪֻиһȣϵ¡
һСѾѿһǰܵ澡ʧĵز
ôʤѾˮʯ˭˭ͣҲûٱȥıҪˡ
ͻȻ䣬ʿͻȻִ֮С
һڵʫʵ̫ãõ˸ɽֹĵزʵ̫ˡ
ϼҸӰѳֳʮ꣬ᵳӪ˽˺ܶ񹲷֮¡ټԸ꣬ͬ죬ֻҪϵһűɵˣ벻жѡ
Ҫʱ⼸գƶѾʽڸֽۡϣȫ͢Ҳʽ˹ģֻ󣬾ڶʡʽʵУֱܶ֡
Ϣһ𶯣黩Ȼ
вϰߣοߵҪ֮˭˭ԭе˶ΪƶȶȻϵ֮֡
ӵʡʮϼҪ

֮ͽ
һʱ䣬ʹǵĵԴǸӼңھǵŲμӻԵľҲϼƿڴеĻУϼҸΪʫеķͣس󻯡
ʫʤǴˡ
һڵʫдʵǺãκܹϵжǶϴ
ھǳ׵Ļж˵ľۻУ̸֣ٱƪһơȻһ쳤Х
죬ڴ˿̵ҲΪ
գڵĸҲǷÿͲϣӦԵľӣоٵͬ꣬Ҳвйְʿˡ
æգҲܲס˳ȥ׼һ죬徻
ξʵȷʵ龳»ʵ۵Ǳеһֵڣȴξһۡ죬ˮɱããѩ֣һ˿ҲκӰ
ٿѾĺˮԶɽЩǧɲζ
ϴſɳ빬ƣһ·Ȼǳͨ衣
֪ļξʵ۲֪ǳԴҩôģÿ춼ҪڹмһÿһСŪùпļ󣬾ݻƽ˵ξʵ϶ǺɫɫСߵ㣬ͷǮƵġƤҲɳȥиףһһӣҲ
ǵ͵ؽжںҪ볹ҲҪѲٹ򡣶ڹŴȴǲ֢֮
ξ϶ʵʷһûû
ĥⲡҽֶλû취Щţ̻ɣ
ʵ۶֪֮ڶǺкøеġ
˱ŸȰξٷЩ𵤣ſԱߵĶﴫѼɤӵ˵˳Ҳ̫̺˰ɣ浱ⱪˣָʹѻ𡣡
˭˵ǰС֡̾Ϣһû취˭˼үóأҲǲ𡣡
ȴʶģƷߣڻʵ̺Ա
̸һк˳ˣɻȴû˵Ǹʲôģ
ͣ˽Ųȥ
̾Ϣ꣬СЩߵؽ죺Щ̺꣬үߣҲˡǰԪʦɡɳҲǿͿģǲŽأˣڵʿȺҸӵó裬Ҳûκμӣþ׽˳ЩӺԪֱͲǶʲôطˡҪǮҪһˣԵүիⶥñѹˡ
죬Ҹһ壬һٺ»⹷ëˡ־˹ȥ˵ҪүҩСˣСˣ
СֵǷߺޡ
̫СȰοС֣㻹˰ɡǺҸЩһֱûеƣȻ׼ʲôǮʲôﶼҪʿڻã˽ԪǣҪнʿġһߣ߾պˣǣСıʹӡ
Сַŭ˵ȴСˣֲǽʮŵģܵ𣿡
˵ŻͿ˽æ밲ͬʱվЦ˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ˣأԸ˵һȥʥ
Ǹղ˵ʲôأǹнˣڴӻͳһӺͻӵϣС֣˵ûİãϲЩˡ
С֣ѵǹӰǸж̬Ǳ㻹ǿЩȥɣ㲻ڣûү˼дʣèˡ
ãȥ
ڵ˵ͷڰ̫̫Ĵ³ξʵ۵ľ᷽ȥ
һЩӦԼʱ䣬Ϊûиʵдʣ˽Ҫλá
ֶ̼ʱز֮ի֮ڹͨʱ󣬶Ҫɰ˵Ļдֽϣ֮ոϲԣ˲ܹɺ쿴
ξʵ߱һȺʺ֣סžȣ̳һһʦ
ΣǰһӣʤϼҸӣæʫϺ̨׺žΪڸ󸨳¶࣬ûϾ̺öû¶ˡ
ԣξ㰸ʱʶһְ
ʲôҸӣԼڵʱġ
ˣ˵ĺҸӾʲôΣ־ڿƾ٣ȫ˼ڽʿ棬ҪУûúΣԱԺ
ԣԼ룬ڻʵǰһȴϡ
ϾҪҪõǰ̣Ψһ·ֻǿƾ١򣬾ڻʵٵΣչ鲻ź̸ߣΪǹӼûиʿ˸ҲҪڸЩ̧ͷĸо
ԭΪҸӺԼһҲЩš֮ɰ̫ĻشȴЩ⡣
̫˵ҸӣȴҲǹˡᣬǲ̫࣬ǵʿҸӣǸк˳ӽкԪ񣬺ƸˡһС۳ʿ֪ôʶɡ⸸Ӷ˽һᡶٽ顷ڱ£Ͷ֮ģ빬йһƷĹְ˱кĳУһ¯ɵگ̺죬һҲš
С̫죺̱µʱΪ˺һﶼϲ׽ҸʵᣬǸкԪģʣʴʣ˵ⶫҴԶӣˡˣҲǷߺޣǺðǺҸдʲôѽǹҷҲܺүˡ
˵Ż˾ߵξͿһʿֺ߹Լ̫Ļһֱǰһŭض̫࣬͵Ļ˸үڴ»ҪҸƵĲɵֵҪ֮ʱǽȥӰүУ𣿡
С̫ô˵ҲǸˣƢǰΪڲڣʵҪغҸӣáڻˣҲ˵Ӵ˵ûͦصİ֪λ˭𣿡
Сֵָڷʡ
λ˭ڸĲôˣʿһۣǰȻûдٷɾֹݣ棬ȻȻشһǿ
ֻڳйϿвЩˡ
ʵʿˣݵλжߡؼִȨϰߣƽȵĹѾģڼڻʵǰҲ˵Ц֮ͳеĸҲûκ
һ㣬ʿΪһ֮ˣƶʱ˼֡
һ˵ڣʿ;òԡǰ겻ʮͣô䲿Ժϣ
ȻС̫͸Цʿý֪λճ߶ʿ
һЦڣһССľˣɲʲôˣʵ˭
ԭڣߣ֪ϴˣʿһɷ⽫ͷϸߣװһģպԪѾڹ̺ʮˣԼû˵ɣ
⽫̺ʮ꼸˵ڣǱߵˣ㻹Щ
ڵֺԪѾˣ֪ϵ˻ʵۻģһɳ졣իǵʿǳԷļһܶ˶һ׾ǰó裬ǰԹ󡣲ǰԡ׵ˣ˼ڸ󸨳ݰҸҲ˵ʲô
ںһѰƾʲôҪ۵Ĳͷ
ҲΪˣڻʵԽ죬Խ˺Ҹӵļޡ
ŶԭǺع˹֣ҪǰȥҪȥʥ
Ԫȴ˫ſȷסЦǲǶˣղű˵ײģүڴ»ҪҸƵĲɵֵҪ֮ʱǽȥӰүУ𣿡
⻰˵÷ǳһ㶣ȥ
ھǻ÷ˮ𣬼СƳˮ𣬿ɼ棬ҶĿ档ҲĿУѾڵ۵
ĻѾܾûˣʱЩӦ
С̫ߵصԪôӣǰ˵ʿһʲôʱ򣬶ֱӽʥġʲôס
ԪЦηòɵ¹شڵȻдúãôֲȥкã
ôûˣʱ򣬴Ӽξľ߳һˣǶղĻƽ
ƹС̫Ͱ̫æʩ
С㣬С㡣ƽһɲߺͰı飬֣ʥϷڣԪ񣬿
˾ӡ̫ĻԪǲ÷ģ⼸ΣҲˣʱֲȥʲôóʣҸúá
ú𣿡ϵﴫǼξдһ˿̵Ц⣺һƣסٱ£Ӱˡ¼ȲӰͽԪʫΣҲͬһףƽУȫˡ
ǣүƽӦһɤӣʫͷβһ飬ֱһ䣺ƣ̨
ã죬ܣξһХʫúð֪㷸ʲô𣬺øĶ
һ仰˵ɱڣͷһ
ǺԪξŭɫһϲֻı鿴ڡ
ȴɫӦ£֪
ξЦĴʫдʵڴʮ꣬ν־ᶨղɶ־һʫҲһˡνʫϮ㡶ʯͷǡľӡ
ƽҲСЦүֻڵҪ۸ġ
⻰Ԫϵĵˡ
ξЦϣȵڣҪúɵɵҪիȱһƪʣãлϲý
ڣǣͽ
ͷЦؿ˺ԪһۣͿԪ۾Ǽ֮ɫ
֪һСˣᷳ˼㡣
ҸһΪǵķ롣ϧУʵ۵ĳһ󡣵ȴϡһˣҪǽʿȴڵװŪ⽨š
ںͺԪ˼ξʵ۵ľᣬͿϥһ׷ͯյϵʿ˴žǺԪĸ׺˳ˣϴһ˿ۣһȾټٶɷǣ༫ѣѹֵ˻ʵ۵ĳš
ӺԪǰҲ벻˼ξķۡ
λǺ˳ɡξָָǵʿڽܡ
ô˵ҲǸˣҪʿġټ⸸ѾԼ˵ˣȻͬ׽ֻ΢΢ס
ԭھʿ˳վһף涼Цݣܿ
ûʼҲû㰸
ʵָָϵɰʺֱڣȱһƪʣá
ʥǰȥҪʣʵȴסˣддҲдס¶á⼸﷭ȥʫȻŪЩ겻ˡ
ȴǳ֮Ҳ
ξ촩ü䵥˿ž;Ϸ䡣
һӴ䣬ЦԣѾ֪ˣСִŸߣΰϣҲѹúúã֪ѹͶˡڣ˵ڱǰ˵һԵЦȻˣͽǸЦ˵
һǸЦԼΪƺͷĽŲִӺЦһγģʱҲûмˣôξ֪ˡ
ĶĿͨȳ̶ȣη塣
ͻȻżȻ俴Ķº飬иǾȣʶ²Ͽô򵥡


269 ޴͵ɵ°
ͻȻԼξЩʷϣξʵ۱Ͽնڹһµӣʮ겻ϳʷ˻Ļ
ͨ⼸µĽӴȴ֪ξִʮָ
һֱڶ֯ûʲôӡͬ½˱ϤͬͷӳºҲ̸ṹЩΪȻΪԶﴫǱ˴ġ
ڣξ㲻ȴϵһ֪Լͬƺ˵һЦڲòˡ
͵ҿºʱΣһȻѵԼȥһµȥѾξ֪ˣھԼҲҪͬд󳼺̫ȡ
лߣֻ˵⳯ĴСһ֮У˭Ҳס
ʱͻȻͷһҲ鲢ԼôӣºҪǱÿԼʵ֮ǰ£뿴һӽڻȨµ̬ȡ
ڶνĻʵۺͷ⽨ȼƶǺܲðģڣȴܲʾηͻֻ֣̿Ǳ
ȴҪպá
ǣڻһƽı飬˫ȴΪ֪ȭͷƤһ
ȻһвΪ֮
ξڵ飬ڵʫ£Ĵ⡣Ϊ˾ߣȴڳ̫׽
н壬ξοؿһۣ£֪η壬֪֣֪֣̿ҲǸܹµģҲ޸߿һۡ
ξڶһ£ͻȻ΢Ц価˵ˣ˵ҲûϵϲЦˣǰںɳǰ£˵Ҳá
ʵ۶Уһ̬֮֮ȣɫվԱ̺ŵĺ˳üëһ۾оһ
ĺԪǼʵ۾ˡ
Ź͵͵һǣ˵˵¡
ǣһǸ´ͷβ˵һ顣
ʵ˵ЦǶӻİΪЦٸߣҲױЩ߼Ȥζ˼һ˶Ҫϰ죬ܻعζ
ɼξʲôڵĻ䣬ʱˣЦϵĵ޷ԶⰮ˵ôϸϿ̡ҪϸϵЦռһ𣬳飬ǰ˵ŪһЦϸҲǽʿʿԺգڱôһ㣬Ҳ̸ʲô䰡䣬ϸϣҪ鷳㣬޿ɲᱣ㡣
Ц£ⲻʿед裬ϸҪҳ鷳ҲдЦҴ̨һ¡
ȣСϲʫ㡣޿ʫʻ˵Ц⸸ӶĶ֣ҲñˡʵϲľԸӳ󣬶ʱãҲ£˵Ⱞ䣬㲻ˣôɡ
˵꣬ʵ۾ֻصϣϥ
ھӣͬʵ˵˵̸ۣ۷򣬼ûв˵ġ
ԪƣϰҲûڸղ˵ǸЦʲôЦ֮ĥ˰죬Ҳûĥζ
ɻѵЦû˼԰ղŻʵЦô
ֿһۣ˳Ҳһã
Ԫиɻæڸղ˵ǸЦһ飬μסˣ׼ȥ֮ٺú룬¶ôͶ˾֮á
ԪƣǱߣ׺˳ȴΪ衣
Ϊ̺˼ξʵʮʮĹ͢ʿ˳ǰЩȻó裬ɶԷȴ塣
ʵ˵Щ⣬һҲûеɽõʱ򣬽ȥһᷳˣǹʺ硣
ʮԷҲв˵ùʵ۵ĳ衣ġСԪڣֱӸλԡ
ôУʵͬǽӴʱɱžǣ蹵ǰģͲ̫ͬ׽
ʵۺ˵ȴ쳣㣬Ͳκμӣʲô˵ʲô˵ĻҲ˼ȫͲ˵˻˵Ǿ˵һ˵л
ȴǰûġ
رǿξʵ۵һȲЦصݸڣʿ갡ʿ꣬ǳˣȻ˭˲ʶʱ˳оǰΣ
˳Էాʮ꣬ƾһ¯ɵͶ˼ξ֮ãǰͷڻʵߣڼξĿУܹǴڴҪλãҲһͱ䵽һԡ
үϲɣ⼸շòɵо档ȴգû׼ᷳˡ
УǸӺòײŵȵĻᣬκǰһ߿
˳ת̧ͷȴӺԪǰ߳벽ƶбͬ˼
ӣ˳ǺģСӾǸûӵģæ˰ͷʾҪ͡
Ȼһڴϻʵۺڵ̸ʱѵԿʼˡ
ξ洺ذ˰֣ˣӺɡ
˳֤ʵڻʵеĵλҪεȳ̶ȣһŨصĵ𡣸ӼᶨҪںͼξ̸ͷæӻͳһƿ˫ַǰȥɵķÿҪӣմʱֵתĹؼˣҪһ£д£󲻵á
Ϊ裬˳ֵҩʱҩһ˷֮󣬷Ӧңʱ֮
Ŷԭˣǵ󲻵õءξɫһӹҩֵݸߵںͻƽһ
ںͻƽͬɫһ䣬ȴòǰлˣС
ξⰮ䣬վ͵ҪˮɵˣСǲƺĲȻʤδķֻ»
ڵЩ⣬׵ĴˣģѵΪԼܽӮһ
ֻܿЦһ꣬ȻСҪԣֻз㵽ˡΪ˼
ʵһۣô޵ĻҲˣ
ԪҲͣڣ
ξͻȻЦ˻֣ڵذϺɨʶʮ꣬˽еñȣֻ˵һ䣬úдд确ٱ£Ӱˡǧž䣬˲źá
ǣּվҪǡ
ξڡƽ޴͵ɵ°ɡ
нһҲ
û˱νɵô¡
ˮǦ֮ؽдҩ˪Щ˵ĹŹҩȥɲʲô¡


270 ҪΪ
֪ԼҪԶƬʱպżȻԽִʱܶ׼ҲǱѡĿ֮һ
ʷϵ֪ξǿȵڽ̷ӣСͿʼ̳֮лλ֮󣬸ټһʿʿڹŪʹҹ¯Ϩ
˻ʵ۵Ľ֮ҲͶãоо̵
յͨһ֮ⶫһԭʼĻѧʵ顣νʹøʲᴿĹ̡
Ҳʵ鵱УʿǷ˻ҩı硣
ĿƳԻѧֶûس־ܲҪȥĵ¯û׼Լըˡ
ԣ·֮һֱûҳԡ
ĶصĹż֪֮νɵʵǳȥ֮Ļѧϳ
ΪɵʱʹõǡˮǦʯ顢ʯӢʯ֮֬ĿʡؽжЩȥûκκôοᴿȡ֮
֮ʱһʱ𣬽еĵҩһ𣬷õһİ澧塣˵Ǵ˵еĳҩ
黹һۣûмŷãڼѼʵ顣
ʵõĶһѪ
˸ע⣬ڷҩɷ֪֮ľʵǸߴȵ˪
֮ھ֪ҩһкġ
񣬻ʵȴԼãⲻҪҵ
ɻʵ۵ּ⣬θΥ
ٿߵĻƽҲһĿ࣬Ȼ̫Ҳ֪ҩ
û취ֻûƽл˶ɵŽС
˸ۣûֱʣĵصҩ¡
ξԼϲ˲ɵɫչ޽ɣҲٲ̺˶֮ˣкôʹġ°ɣҪ徻Ա㽫ҩȫ֮С
ˡڻæͬƽͺ˳һʩ񣬸ˡ
ҩķǳպУ͸оһֱţЩǱ÷;Ϳڱǿ״ζ
ͬʱͷҲʼЩľ
Ӽξľ̫දҲ죬һϻҲ˵һƵˡƽҲǾܲסҩҪҵطл̫ԼһҲû¶ȥ
ܾô£Ҳûȥ룬ҲҴܳ˱ߵˮߣޡһɵ˳Ȼſˮߣһûĵطסñ̹ǵĺˮڡ
ɼеľȴԽԴҲҲΡ
кȻںǿΥҩﰡҸӣΪһ󣬾Ȼʵҩ費Ƕ
ջ䣬ͻȻһִֻԱһץסڵϵǿɺɫСҩ裬ЦڣͣȻܣ
˵껰һɭɭЦ
վתͷȥȴ˳ͺԪЦվԼ
ԪǿŵҩҪɵȥˡ
һλʲô˼
ʲô˼ڣصˡԪ񽫲ɵţڱǰǺܵΣģһãû׼ͻһ򡭡ڰڣӸǰó裬䵽ү㣬ĳſǵͷˡ
£ǰɷǵĺ˳ҲЦһС
ڵǲ壬ԼŪûʵ۲ˣҲеǻ޲˵Ϊһִˣʷ֪Ⱦһ˵Լ׽ξʵ۵Ҳ޷
ʵʷϣξҲֻҪûֻҪڿ˽ʿ˺֣˲ʵ۽ӴԼԣ֣еǷᡣи٣ԼԤµķʡ
ҲЦеʣԪҪΪѵͲڽ־չҪͬһ
Ԫꡱһȵڣ㻹߿Լˣʲôƨ־չ˵ߵһŪˣͬǸʲô̷ߵ˰һиȨƣڻʵ۵ϲ֮ϡ
ҵǵͬˡڵһЦҲǣǣңˣڿǸˣо˹ҲпܸнʿеĸЩʿӬӪˣ
Զٲš
Ԫףȴɫһ䣬ʶʲô
̫࣬ǿŵҩͳξľȥ
˳˵Щʲô촽˶ȴˣŶӳǰȥ
ô˵ȴһûᣬݴڸղ˵ٴݣҲı䲻ʧȥʵ۳ʵ

˳ڻʵǰǱ˵ֳָһµģ
ǺԪ˵ղ͵͵ҩµʱʱߡУѾΪһ֪ж񰮣ʮҳӡ
ɱԽͷ֮ޡ
ξշ˲ɵϥ
ҩҩЧʮңξüΪģֻӡɴ˿̵Ǽȴ߳һ㾧ӨëëϸҲ΢΢졣
Ԫ˵꣬ξһվϵڴöĺзһ죺ɶ񣬿ɶ֮
ԼҩδȫɢȥѪӿʵһʱѪ졣
ǣү˵ǣǿɶ֮Ԫ¶ϲ
ղŻɫĺ˳üëҲչˣ̡
Էʵ̫ˣֻҪ㵹Ҹӵˡ
Ҫȴٴ侮ʯξȴתĿ䵽ǽ档
ֻһۣȴ΢Цϵĺɫɢָģ
ƺΣǧʵ˵ˮƿ
˳ſǸڵ֣Сͻһ¡
ξʵӽһƣףٱ£Ӱˡ¼ȲӰͽݰ½Ӱ뼰ҽ徻Ϊߴ¡һһ޹۴ʫм͵ļįȴһᵱɫٸ߷֮־˵ףǸͽ
˳¡
ξһЦˣɳҩЧ̫ͣһ˶ܲΪں쳾࣬ܲҲǿġһｲˮɣһζ͸սڲɵȴеġ
˵꣬תͷźҸӣתΪɭ޽Ҫõĳǲͬʲô˵ʲô֪öȶ˵
ʵ˵ͱҸͬʱ˸¡

ͬʱڽϵҲ˸£оòС
ԼжˣǵùдлסڵشߴٽηЩߣһЩؼңȵţŶ


271 үȥ
ؽжڲİִᣬּж¼ûٷҪסԺơ
ղžͽɵûȥ̫ءȻǿҩǱڵСһȦ
⻹أȵţкһҩԾͺá
Դ֪Լһ᳹״Խ֮ھͷǳעⱣ壬ƽռҲûٶʳҲܽţֶûϹż򲻵̴档
ʱڲû̫ģȴŵҩлҩɷ֡
ȻصңȴĪֻоСڵһڵĿˮϵƤůĸоʮС
ͷϾͳһ㺹ˮ
ӽŰããѩԺӣȵժͷǶķƽ󣬶ʱһɫˮ
ؼңӳһæǰţүôˣŪ
ӱСһеĻҺЩæ˵ӣţʲôûУŪһ
Ƕˣе㷢աӷڵȵǵǣǶˣȥЩС࣬˿ɲǳӡ
ŴĴ˼ҽϧÿͶֻ԰뱥ͷȵģͨ٣θЩ
ҲûпѧݣϰˣҲסҵϾҲǷһģ˼Ѿߣ˼ҵĹҲ֪һЩֻڼҵ䣬ûôིչ⾰ļ󣬶ΪʵϵĹܼţֿʼ˹أÿնҪɨÿһ춼Ҫϴ裬еĳʳҪϴʲôġϰ߷ǳãΪһִˣñ˵ݣҲʡ˲١
ڣǶˣҾȵţ̣һЩ
ӣ䣬ţѰŵģҪŪЩòã
ҲСӦһæݡ
ΪоԽԽȣҲЩæϴţнǺ˳ڰ˴ˡ
ҲЩԾⵤҩͺƬ̣Ϭ¶ȥǻˡξʵĴ֮Ҳ֪̣ʲôӣѹô磬ʮ͹ҵˡ
룬ͻȻһ£һ˵ʵʷξɾΪԼĳ֣˻ʵ۵ΣҲ˺˳ӵļʡʿΪ˹̳裬ŪҩЧҵĵҩ
ҩֶοִǦĴ֮
󣬼ξ屾Ͳˣٱҩһߣֻ¼ֲꡣ
֤ԼֻѾʼʷӰ죬Ҳһбòܿơ
ʱȰȰʵٳԵɵԻʵ۵ӣȰ
ڲüͷ
ڱԽԽȣˮһ˼ҲЩ㱡
ʱ򣬶Ӷһַסڵıģιһڡ
ڻãϷȣѵþ⣬ӵСڱģоһֿһۣȴСԴ˱֮ѾƤԽ𪣬üĿµһޡңϸҲǰ͹̣ѴһëѾͷòŮ
ʱһԴһҲ̲סˣһѾͽӱסﹾһ۾ҲЩ졣
֣֣Сˡһȥϵ
ˡȴ֪ʿǽ׸ξĵҩͨдҩɷ֮֡ҪѹħɱȻҲлʵֶҩʹã̩۾Ϊ̫࣬жλʱһ궼
ô˵ҲǸѪյӣѾһ࣬ⵤҩһߣʱܲסһӵϣӱס
Ųʶԣǵͨ죬ȴҴУү㲡ɣ
ûǳ˲óԵҩˡͻȻЩ⡣
׹ǴߣһûģȥˡǰǸʲôģһͲǺ˼ҵŮӣȥ
ǲǣˣ˱˵ĵ²ͣһǵ˶ӵ촽ϡ
Ϊһִˣڶ鲢İϾʱѾҵˣһȻˮɡ
˵Ҳ֣ȴˣϵҲˣˬòڡ
ΨһջǣҩʵһʱŪЩ
гԾȵΰˡ
ٿµĶӣһţϸ׵ϲ˺顣
Ȼ֪ԼһԶʱգҲԼһӣ֪ͻԲһ̡Ƴģҩ֮ȴǰˡ
տʼʱ򱾺ܵù벻չڣһ£̲סЦҲоԼϵΣڿʼԼϲúȥԼŮҸһӰɣ
һ̲סƿ뽫˿
һߣſڴϣȴѵõСˡ
Щңôˣ
ӣģ»Ц
һЦЩʲôô룬ȥֻеź
ôʱ䣬㻹źӽͷͷ壺ðǰϾһΡҲƬ̡ۡүʽշ𣿡
ڹһЦҾǸĿڽ
Ҫˡ
ڣӣȥ򼸸Ѿ߻ҲЩˡ
Դҩȴ׮ȴ˺¡
ֻ˶ӣЩִ٣ȴЩ

ԣլ
һӵĵؿԼӣסȥǸŮӣвסСеСЩСЩϸ̥ҪЪϢˣ͵
ǸŮ򲻶ϵؽӳϸȥƽСȻֱٽ˫ָ߾ٹͷ
һӣӣûվͿˡӺֻȶԸףɿòˣΪЩȴӺݴ󷽡
ò£˾ǴʵϵĴԣ؈
ڵиʽеĵһʽĦ칦ѾһʱˡиҲԵüΪѣģΪ˵϶ˮ͸ˡ
û£ûµģүҪΪ檵ǡûͣתͷؿԣһۣʿ˵ˣÿյöȥʮźáֻмȥܿЧ˵ٵʱ򣬵ƾԼñ˰æү㻹Ǳҡ
˵꣬л·˫ƽǰȥȻվ˵ˣʱ̫ҽڸģ̫ҽıѵү㻹Ų
үǺεƽڱǰǵòȻࡣû֮ȴֶӳأÿԵü䱿׾ҲΪ
ԣ̲סЦͳ־Ӳ˲ˮ㸸Ͳͣ˵ʿ꣬⼸Ҳͣס塷˵Ķ䶼ϼˡУغͣɽڵʱ򣬹˼Ҳһʮ꣬ȻʫʶдòͬǸȴǷЩ򣬲
ڵס塷ڱӮһ£ԣҲ֪ġͬϵΪУ˳ԿҲǷǳ˵ġ
ԣСͱܵһ׻ʼҾӢҵʦס̷ڡ߹ĵ¾ӡΪʼƶɭϣԷ绪ѩһⲻˣҲð
ڵĴʾ֮ëȻɻЩԼ
ʱ֣Ȼ߻ϣɶ˻˵ϲʿǳйعţ𢣬޺ףҡ
Ȼĩʱֳ׸㻵֮ȴһӡ
־ǿϲʿҲϲϽʫʡддó˵Ȥζȴˡ
ƳڣԣвΪȻ
еִǵ£˸ȴǲţŻܡһ¶׶ЦؿԣһۣүһȺѧͲҲһ
ԣһЦȻ˿ڣֻ֣ʴһʣû˼
һ֮ˣҲ·ϣŲǷ޼лѡԣͳ˼
ȻӲϲ͵˵Ū˸ƶȳĶ࣬鷳ҲЩסҲǸȨ֮ߣɳСǰϵŪ÷ǳǱαСϴ˵ÿһ£ù˷ǳİ
Ϊ˴ϻۣǹҴ£үҲۡ
˵Ⱦ£϶ᷢԼ
Ҫ˵ʹ̷ڵү̷
Ŷԭ̷үˣлϲ
̷ƽԣ⣬ϯĻŵĽɫ
ԣͬӴЩѾĸ飬˵ĹϵʦݣҲǺ̷ܹ߹ڸ׸λõҪԭ
ԣ̷ͬˣͬžγˡ̫ͬҲپڸԪɼʱԣж֮ˣʱӢеľӢ˲е˲š
̷֮Ҫ£ԣ˲رܡ
ʵϣԣ졢ߡš̷˽ѧʱҲԱ㣬Ҳ˻Ϊľ顣
ѩ̷ܴͷ϶ѩſ˰죬Ŵ߽ЦС䵽ͷǳˣǴţ
ЦΪ
̷ԣ֪ģһ࣬ЦҲֻԸ֮ˣΪıߣŲߡ
Σȴ
ԣЦ¶ȥˣҵϣСʫԵҪϰİ
ǲǣһСˡ̷ڴЦСһأŴӣһʫڡȴܵһͿϲڡ˾ۼߣ̰ĽϼҵȨƣǳϵĲŻóһϽܣҲ˵ģһ㣬СϽܵһ£þһɾڣʲôˡү˵ǲǿϲɺذ
ֱһӮˣԣһСϻǲģҲԸڵĴȷʵúãӮҲ⡣
̷ڣȴǴʣһԣɾӮһ
ʫҲó˵ԣЩɻ󣺡콫ڵʫ
𼱡̷¿˿ЩʲôĿ䵽һϡ
Ҳϻֱ߹ȥһ󱭣ȻЦӽʫ޾ƣӽʫһסˣһܣ
ԣЦȻڵʫƳ磬ҲȲˣӽ
𼱣𼱣ʫҪȵƺѣǵ˻򡣡̷ڶҲ죬ͣظűоƣһҾƺȵظɾȵȫƮƮ·ҪϼˣŸһƣסٱ£ӰˡȲӰͽݰ½Ӱ뼰
տʼʱٴ죬ģҲ˲ô࣬ͷ·ȫź˻ֱ
һˣ̷ٲ˵ƿţ󲽳ȥеɽֹֹ䲻Ȼ֮գգ

һס¶áһһ䣬·Ƕһԣֺ֮һǣĲԭȼˣԭ֮ơ
˶ˣֻʮǧëͬʱſ
̲סУʫʿ꣬ʫҲ
û˵ԣ֣תͷȥȴͨ죬ŶӴվ
ү󾪣æסУôˣǾòá
ԣΪղٶֻͣѪҺڶģ糤ǰΰԣ𺳣̥
һɷڣȻˣ
˵
˵Ӽξʼʼöܼѡξλʮֻ꣬ԣ;ӡ
ԣһңۼ˵ˣȴûһаŮڴǰ꣬ԣ㻳УһϧСû¾زˡڲʱҲˣû
κò׻У̫ҽ˵үȻ¿ΪҪ
ڼ״ʱ־ŭɱ˵Ķˡ
ղʫܵѾŭ棬и̣Ĳ쵰
ҪˣҪүͻȻѹæסү
ôˣűԣסҡ
ûµģүĶӡץסԣ֡
ôˣ̥в׵ĵطү۾һᣬһỨ߳ô˵ȱסˣܲҪˣ˻ȥ̫ҽɣ
ԣһЦүȥˣ޲ףҲãǣǡղŷЩŹ֣Ŵס˵ġ
ԣæַӶϣΪʲôԣôˣ
ү󣬺ĺӵλøıˡǰͷϽ£ȴתˡ
ԣ⻹в޲ףǴ°ˣˣ̫ҽ㣡


272 İ
ʵʵϵ̫Ӹ˵жԣʵҲһֱûõĽ̶ŶĹ
ټϻʼüѣò׻֣и̫ҽפ
ԣĴگƬ̾һϰʮ̫ҽΡΡع˿ֱĿãĬĬص˵ͷֽϿ˷ӡ
ޱ飬ͷβû˵һ仰
øԣĪ̲סʣ̫ҽǾͺΣ
̫ҽŻãǰһӣ࣬ЩɬȴǺȽү뵣ǡ¾¡
ʲôԣ
̫ҽ¾»̫ˣҾͿһ»ȵķӣԳԡǳԵик֢״ͣá
ү̫ҽľȻȵķӣʱˣ̫ҽʰ̥λһ¡
̫ҽһЦүҸſɣҵרҿɲơ
ԣŮбԼİ̥λҪֲȻͷһңһרŵĽŸ˶ҪرܣײѪ⡣
ȻҲнڡ
һӹ̫࣬Ǯͨҽֳһ˫Сɵ֣ԸѲһ׾飬Сڴмơ֮󣬿һգҲò˳ǮС֡
ûʵ۶ԱԭñиСѲڴһһҹۿžͲˡ˽ܣǮС˹
øǮС֣Ȼһ֡ڷ֮ŲһʱУӤн˳
Ǹϲ¾磬ֽһǮС֣˵ɾ;ˣлպзԸ˵
ƺ֮ǽͻȻӣһͽǮСֵԴڵģӵŮˣôҿ
ΪһǰѾ뵽ˣǹеϹŮҲǸɿ֮ˡ̥λ飬Ҳ֪ˡ
̫ҽ֮ԣҲ˽
ĶӣΪȣֳһϲүα֮ǰȴҪࡣ
ô˵ԣǿ㰲Щʣ̥λ˱仯ôֳɺˣ
һƵ¶һ˿Цݣү̥λǰͷϽ£̥̥λ̥סҲǾһ˺̥ȻЩѣȴûа취롣
үЩɻŽ˵ʱ򣬶ͷ½ϵġʱԴһֽ꣬žɲ˳ءͷϽ£ȳ˫ȴҪڲΣɶȲˡ
ңΣ̥λҲڳõķ仯û׼죬̥λͱˡ
ԣô˵һڰյĲأϲ˺ţЦŶȻô˵Ͱĵصˡǰһ̥λǵò跹˼ǺˡҲ㸣ӡ
һЦүĵ
үԶԶԣˣɲҵĵСʿ갡ǱĸƶŪϵͷʫСϰܵһͿѧ׵̥֮λر׵˵ңδǷһ顣
Цؿԣһۣʲôɲˡôү˰֮ˣ
˵Żʫһ׹䷲ˣ˭ܲүƬ̣ʿǸʵˣҾɣѲɻ˲ţ
һЦȴ˵ѾүѾ˰֮ɾɣڻʵߣҲֱнʹ
ү⣬еʱǼЩ
ӣʿүķˡ
֮Уܹү֮Ϊģڸ󳼾δĴࡣ
δʵǱʱľ˾ζʲô֪
ζ·
үղ˵ˣڻḀ֮̊́ʱзաϣʱܹţ̥λطˡ
ǣиÿ춼ػϼźáүæʱܹ˳Ҫлϲʲô
΢Цʿһ˿Ȼǲϵġ˶飬в˼Ԫʱİ˼ĵ伮ʱ͸ǣػǳϲġ
˿̣֪ԣĶԻ϶棬شһ˾װҶˣýøЩɣҲҪ飬Ҫ䰡

ůյúȣʱͱһجξ˹
УμԼڻԿϷܱʼ顣
һ꣬Ŷʮ꣬Բ¡ʫʣǰ˹£һͻʿ˵һƬ֮̾д¼¡
绪ïָ㽭ɽ֡
ԴӲμӿƾҲصٵԺԡԣһ·նء
ƾеһŽ壬ɱԿС
ֻҪ˽ʿ˺ԺǾǴǰ̣绨
ξУһѾؼʱ̣ƪ˹ʱģֻҪˣǽʿһͬ
òֽӹĿֽһʱϲüҪ
⼸ĿԼǰģҲüáֻհȥøǰڻ¡
ʮ꺮ȵþһ졣
ӣ϶¥Ҫһɳˣ
־ĥīǽӲӵëʣҪһ֫ƽȥ
ͻȻ䣬Ĵű˺ݺ˳ǰһǶ鵽Լϣӣӣ
͵̧ͷȥȴŭؿԼӣӰ㲻ҪˣԵĶӣȴǴ׸˽ʿ˵ԿΪ׸Ƕ١Ӷӵľӣô˳ɻ٣ҪΪ
˽ʿãϼҾ˰
ؿŸף֮ͻȻһԹ֮Ȼף᲻׸λð˽ʿҪǣҲǴĹءǲǣԼĻشӣǲ᲻׸λãǣûУǣѾʮˣܲסɶӲŶʮ갡·뱣סڸλãҲҪ㺲ְѵΪ᲻ͷȨλҪٵӵǰ𣿡
˵ߴˮˡ
ûôءΪڸ׸ڵʱֱӾ״Ԫۡ̽ΣǶ١ԣֱϵ˽ʿ˵ԿҪԶȥԪְλбӡ
ĪˣΨһͥ
˼Ǵڶӣʿгֻӣܱȵġ
ӣТΪȴɲ֣
УݺݵؿŸס
𣬴ȴҲ򵥡ҡŰ׻ԴӣѾ㰲źˣͱˣȥӼ飬ȻС٣꣬һְΪǰ飬Ҫ󡣡
һģһģǽʿΪ٣Ǻֲ󡣾㸸һ죬һ·ŶӽڸѵͲ˳Цҵںεأ
ѽһǶ
̲סʹޡ
һޣͿˡ
ֻ֮ȫȺҲ˯š
ȴҲû𴲵ͷôڴϣʶ
İûнʿܹҪڱǰ̧ͷ
ûͬξһո׵ļƻԣ˹Ӽࡣҵ֮һССһ·ϣڸһжô˳
֮Уܾȱʲô
ǵģȱľǷͬţǰĵ
ڸͲ˵ˣ࣬˭һ׶׳ʿֿģǼǣһССƷ٣ͷҲһͽʿͬʿñӡԱۻᣬȾҪΣʲôʲôһĽʿҪúһһ
ÿֳϣεò֪Դ
ø࣬ȻֻȨλǿռȥġ
Ϊ̴㣬ƽڱǰܻװһ޼ɵаԵģڸҲһ졣ʵȴǰ顣
һеһУΪԼǹӼûнʿͷΡ
ԼдһֺʫģЩоʫʿк䶯һʱԱͶ˿ԼĿжһݾ壬Ҳнǿнʿǲ벻мǿдʫݲԣῼ
ǣʱڳˣһס塷һס¶áݺò׽ͽ÷顣
ΪֻдʣдʫҪӮȴҲѡ
û뵽ʫҲ֮ã
ǰǷǳĺãֺ룬⾳ֱ֮¡ʫħģԣ϶ħ壡
ϵĺˮڲסӿȻ߽ޱ
Ϊһֻ۾ͳؽͷתȥֻ۾Ͽȥ
һŸӣڵԣΡԳǡ
ˣ׵ˣһͷӿ
̾һͷת˻
ͷϻۣµģʪܲ
С˵Ȼ˹ſڣ
״밲
밲࣬ȴһ˿η塣
˵ԼĶͶӵС͡
ǶӣӺЩ⣬ʮˣ¶£ϻ򴲡
͡׵Ů
ôˣƽʡ
ôˣѧ࣬ȻճյЦ
һ֮ʹɵɵģȫûԼԵǷݾǿɡ
׵Ůܴϻ۵ӣӦ̫ү˵⼸鲻ãѾûȥڸˣϱ˼밲硣
ԭ𴲵ģϲģȻˣеΣͻȻŭ𣺡ҹ
ǣ͡ŵӦһ˸ͷæǣɷŵˡ
ϴ֮󣬹鲻ã͡밲ʱŭ˼ҷڣĻ۵
Ӻ͡һû˼ڴȥҲû˷̣ôһ´
վǰؿڵʫ壬֪ԼøЩʲô
ˣˣвϻͬһǼشϡ
ͻȻ˫Ŀͨ죺ⲻҵԸʲôʱϹ䣿˶˵϶¥Ƿ蹷˭ҧ˭ҧס˾ͲɿڡûҾģô
͵ץڵĸӣһѳƬݣ
һֻŽĳ빴һСӡ


273 ׺
ξʮı˿̵ʷĶСڵĿʼûЧӦĹŴ亮䡣
õˮɱҲΪһĭòӾͱɱӡ
ôϺ̳ȴһһµıг׷ˣȼˡ
˫ĵλ⣬һǵڸ󳼣Բ£ųһʫڵСһԵò̫һյ˳츮ͷԪľˣʿꡣ
ô˶һĶ֡
ɾôһԳƵıԣȴĻʷһĻ
ķΰʮ٣ϣһ׾µ˷ָġ塷εͷ
Ϊĳ̳֮䣬ȻԼʧܣٴΰ̨Ҫڷֳ¡ųҪȾͱʫ
ôδдʫ棬Сϻĵġ
һס¶áͬƺ֮ˮһĺʫ䣬óӮú졣
һʱ䣬Լࡰ¡ǡٱ£ӰˡıھдһʱֽȻͬķһճ޷ӡ
鷢չһⳡѾûʫӴʣдȥдùһʫһʡ
ƾƪѾΪ֮󣬴õʫʴҡ
òϣСϰܵüҡ
Ϊ̳䣬ΪһǰˣȻһЦ֮Ƴ磬ԲЯ󱲵
СƫƫǲϷ䣬Ҫͬڱȥ
ӮӮˣֲϷ䣬оѾоƤһͲò˱ˡ
ܿ죬ֿʼͬڵĵԣԷɿٶڵһʱƳһʫǽ֮ڻµ
ԸɹĴͬǰƪרһעƲͬоһʫټϣǽټļһ¯ס̾һ
ϸСϢʫСϵǰд͵Ĵ塣ΪΪ⣬Щ꼸޸ɾδʾˡ
СǸߣĴǶƷļϳһӣ鷿ﲻ޸ģ׼ʱų淢У
ȴڱƵǽǣܲ˵˳
˲ǰһСϴҥԣ˵ڵ״֮дľڣҲѾӳˣʲôڣ
Сʫһ죬ͱһԻɫݺݵѹһͷ
ԡ⡷ΪдһʢһŮӽʶĻĽʱ꣬Լ
ҹǳҹ磬¥Ϲö
޲ʷ˫Ϭһͨ
ůֲ串ƺ졣
Ӧȥ̨ת

޲ʷ˫Ϭһͨһ䣬ĴǺ⾳β˿ڣһƳʫ˭ںأ
Ҳһ˲ͱڵʫڸˣȴˡ

ڳϮʫĴ⡷޲ʷ˫ϬһͨҲйŵѧߴԵࡣ
ʫдŮ黳ʺòݳ
ʫʱǺһ㣺ʵ̫Ӧˡ
Ժ˲С鷳

ҹǳҹ硭Ϭһͨһ׵ĸĬĬվڸ̨ϣȥ¡ԶһƬʻͬһƬˮī֮С
ȴ˼вһ˵ŭɬꡭ
Բ߷ߵ˵ʿ̫ˡūȻ٣ʫ˼ȴǿסдһϣͬһŮʶӡʱֻ̫̣ܴҴҷֱⲻǡ𣿡
һ΢죬ȻתͷһڣԲ㲻Ҫ˵
ߺߡԲЩŭ磬ҲûŮӰ
΢΢һЦͷʫСսϵĺˣʫдƵġ
̫񡣡
ٲ˵ȴ룺ͬڱǾʶͬʫĴⲻϡڣԲ˵񡭡
Уȴ
תͷ˿ԶľĬĬʫ䣬ˡ

µαø˼Ҳ˽ֵ˼ꡣ
ļξѧʷרоһʷʱ̲ס̾һ˴ƪֻһ׾ͿΪŵѧĴڡͷȴˮһνѧ߷ڣξʮһ£ѧĶ塣
ʧܵһ׵ٶƳʫղڼӾʱһ׳ˡ
ڣʫףȻҪӮһ죬ɱɸɾ
ʱ˵ıͬԭѾûκιϵڳ
Լľڳʫʹ貵Ǽ顣
ʣһƬ

·ԶӰ̿վΨ

ⲻʣǹԭϦ޺ãֻǽƻ衣

ʮ죬ʮʤ
ÿʫһ䶯һʱ
еģģǷڡ
Сϵʫ˭ں

ѾľˣǻеزϷʫ
ڣѾĳɰܡˡЩǫ̃̄ϱ˴Ҳȭֻ֣ҵػ˫֣ȥ
Ȼ׳ȴı䲻˴ܿĽ֡
ֻΪʤߺȲʡ
ʤڡ

Ѿһ־ˡ
ϵܻɢһ졣
ǳָıгװ
տʼǱŻ룬ƧѾûждϰһǿһ档
ʵǲпġ
رһͬӵתۻġ·ѡѹ
ƶʮǧֱǮ
ͣͶ粻ʳνĹãȻ
ɻƺӱ̫ѩɽ
Ϫϣձߡ
·ѣ·ѣ
·ڣ
˻ʱֱƷò׺

˿̣Ѿٱȥˡ
Сʫ¯Ρ
ʵϣѾһʱûгʫˡǲܣʵǺǸƤ
ʮսʮʤڵĳ޼ɵͬµıӮһ˳Ҳ˳ؽʧȥĻλö˻
ϻսʤ»ػ߷壬ŴǵһΡǺ͸˳졣
ͬʱҲ׵ػˡ
ǰʲôɻ߲мѾʵϵ̳ʦ˽ڽƺ֮󣬳֮Ϊӡĳͬڵľ޾󻹲ࡣ
ʱκ˶ܺڵĴڰɣҲð֮踡ڲУžƱػƵɣʿЦ£ڷХĳڣ£ʮýƫʮ£ࡣ䳤߳ߣ򣡡


274 򵽣ѳ
һµıΪڻȡ̳ڽĵλټ·ͬӦԵľ˺̳емʿǽύ˭˲ʶҲΪ
ȣȥ񲿱ʱ
Ѿˡ
ʵϣӣйԱͬԼӴǸ˾лð֮踣װŲʶԼ
ۼžǴˣ괺ڣһ¾ǻԡԼǣ˾һֱûϰΡ
ңΪӽڿ϶Ҫ졣
ԣڹǰѻԵˡ
ǣ糿öһͽԼԹ緹糯ѾɢˣŹһӣеسʳȥ
񲿵ƷϵɡҲɢ֮½صš
Ǹ˾ǰҲһΣϴνڴ򷢵֮Ժû뵽һȥһ֮ھлȡ˼
ʿеĵλͺκ˶Һӡ
ҡ
˿̵һϾƵƷϷĶ衣߰˸˳񲿹Ա̸һľ֮ҲΪ
һ䲻ĹҲ쳣ҡ
˶Цվǻˣʿȵòͷ˰ɡ죬콫ֱϡ˴Ǵ䣬ûʿֻ꣬Ҫʧɫáʿʫʥ֣˵дҲᣬкĳȴǽƻԵһջΪͣʿܹУҲй⡣
ʿ꣬˾
ʿڲ˰ĵã²ӡֽһĵá
ڿվһһֱַ
ȵɵĹԱɢȥųһʩ񣺡ˣڣ˳츮ˣס
пЦ֣˵ˣ˭סҪμ괺һ£֮У˭˲֪ٲ㽫дϣҪʿһһĭ͵Ǽǰɣ
һɣϴʱܵĵѣЦˣڿɺ͹ִдòһ
Уʱòı伫ҲеģΪһͲ˼ұ˹ֲŴ䡣һ㣬ȴǱٵĲԣҲҪϡ
˵껰ɿؽãεصݸڡ
˾Ͷлˣڸǡӹ飬سš
ıӰֿЦҡͷСɵʲô¶㶪˲ҪҲǣȥŪҶǧָΪͼܵĵˡ˭ܵ·ãϸһ̨ף򡭡
ǵģ죬θͻȻ˾˵ڸ飬ֽƴǡΪı˶˾𣬾͹׼ˡ
ȻСĵػ㱨죬֮ÿһ䣺Ʋοľпгɫ֮ˣҵΪٲţҪҰͣŲӺͳ͢ĺƾһؼҪƽҲһеġ統ƲȻǽԪ˻Կһɽ澡ʧ
ǰǰʿûʮ֮ǰϵðաֻߣѾ˾˹еɽˣų˵־ɽ֣мø󡣡
࿴ԽˣԽӦμӿԣҲ˵͢ȡʿѡβ˲
һ̵Ȼֻϴķݡ
׻һתڵͷ죬𶯾ųǡ¿ƽԪҲμӻԵġҲѧЩɽ˹˳ȥԳ͢áˣûУ
֪ϽרΪڶ򬼸û
ȣڡϲס̾Ϣ˵Ҳ˵ˣ־̫ˣӦ÷ڿƾٳĥĥ
ȻϵĻڣˣȻǽƽ˸Դϲľ档
Сν׵ĻڣԲ¡
˵ڵСûͷﻹ˼¡Ͼȥ˸
Ϊһڸ󸨳Ҫġ
оƤʲôֱ

˿̣鷿ĬĬСϵǱʫ
鷿ſڣ͡ü˳۵վС̺
ǽ迴Ůͷϸġ
ѾʱûһСϣȴһ
һȦ㲣ͷɢңҲһŴݡ


275 ѡ
Ը
Ϊڸθʣƣ׸Ӧÿӭӣġ֮ûҪΪûдԶŮ׼ҵݹ˵ҪŮЩ
ʵϸ˶֪ڸϸСһ˵㡣ϸϣһп޵̫Ҫң䣬żз纮мûˡ
СһͿĸӣóʫ򣬿һ̶Ĵж
ӣԸ񼫶ȱ꣬ʲô˳ۣѾкüΪŭϸʵϵĵˣҷ̺׵Ů͡ҲΪһӦԲãƤ
ְλȻ߹ɱϻװŲ·ϣϼҸɱֻĿ׺ò
ս֮󣬱֮׾ǱѾõʫϸʱʱͷ͵̾һ
Ĺά֪ٻأѾϣˡɽȴǷ̶
ǵ˶֪ʫϰܸڲ˵ܵüҡòϣڵʫáΪУҲòϣԼȣϵ£ө¡
øɽֹҲΪ
Ļǰһ򽾰ҲȻС
һܹҵʫ죬˵ʲô˼
ǵԽжʱаڶ𣺡θ˱ˣʫһ棬ٲˡ
ôͲдˣôá·СϾѹȻطеʫʡ
ջ̲סЦٺܺùڣЦ𣿡
ǲǡװ˰֣ºЦ¥ֻһڣɶȴǧǧѲʫרǰҶʫˣ¥㻹ƫִˣ϶˶غ֮
ŭſҪ˵ϧΪ̫ͣǵ˺ˣʱ۵ġ
£ױˣһվݺݵضף࣬ڽѵ𣿶ˣ²ǰգԼҷŮˣʦˣ
˻һ˵ڣ̺һߵ͡һŵɫࡣ
׼Ůų΢΢һֿۡ۵̹⣬ĵСϾǵģ˭ҧ˭ƫֻ䣬ȴǸѲġ
һǸ֮ˣҲ豭һڣ΢ЦŰ˰ͷ
º͵ϼǶŮ׼ң͡ڶ¥ĹΪ檣ˡо仰޳ȥŮóȥˮ͡ˣ檣ҪҪɱҲû˵ơйҪС顣
Ļ͡ŷתΪҰס
ϸӲø
ףһ΢Цȴг̾ϢһԼ֮лһ˿ھΡ
Ŷǹ°⼸Ӻòһûȥڸֵˡ̬Ⱥ˳鳩࣬͡һۣûоҪ飬Ҳģ¡
ǣ͡ĬĬ˳ţͷβû̧ͷһۡУһ˿Ϊ˲Թߡ
˵ɣкҪ£͡뿪λŲ豭ȵĲůѾ˫֡
ף£һǹǵģһǹĽ̵ģǹھġ
ǻãճ͢ƣǻ֮¼ȡĽʿǶҪμӵԡ˵Ǹԣȴ߸ʽôһƪַۣ⣬¼ɻʵյ㣬ŸΡ
ȻĶͷľӡ
ľͨ׸ΣΪԵǻʵֵۡԵڸ׸뿼Ҳûʦϵ
ֻԵپˣ¼ȡĽʿҪֱٵģ׻Ҫ뺲֣пλֻҪһһӢԼˮ
ˣ͸紺ǣɴͲѡˣһ絣ˡʲôʦַ⡢¼ʲôģҲֱϵռˡΪϵʵѪ
һ㣬ϼҸѾܶΣҲǰͿʼ
˴£ûκء
׽һȴ׳ˡ͡ʣƤһ
׮ϵĲ˵Ҳ˵
СΪ˸ܳãŲ˽һӣҸӶһ̰īˡǮǻʵ۵˽Ǯ˳ȥֻ´µ˭֪ξһһİǮ֮ˣС⣬Ҫ
ھϵƨɸɾǰϵΪ֮ξһֱûĻᣬƾλֻϧһۻȻҲسǸϻ˷ء
㾰֮ϼҸӻ¡
Źžһݣʶãѵ֪ʲô
ʲô㱻סѱһǿӣʣ࣬ôˣ
ײûŻشĻȴӵһ㣬Ž
Щ󣬴Ҳ˺üţû취׽ֻÿˮʪȻ䶯°͡
˵ҲǺ¥Ǳ߿˸¡
û˵׵Ŀ⿪ʼ
״ڵòˮŵģڵ½ķʱСӣĲ˵ص񣬵طѾԺʹҲ쵯Ҫ͢á漰ҹѪôð
£һɣ̲סˣ࣬һ㼦ëƤС£ֵڸֱתȥ˸ûʵԼŰ첻ˡ
˸ǻʼרĻɻе¸صүΡ
̰һ£˾;Ȼ鷳תȥ˸»СС»ˡԾڼξܵĳ谮ȻƨûС
»ڸͷС
չأְǸڸģȻСô˵ˣתȥ˸ˡ
а׵Ƕ¡
ʣôڶ׮Ǻ£ⲻᡰ֣ȴЩ
ֳһģۼžǴˡҹ꣬ȻܺͨһܵЩơʣҲЩУӽӼ󳼡ʲôģҪǮ
׵Ҳͣǳ;ʹΣȵ˵꣬ͷصҪôǮ£ͬڸʲôϵ
ǣ˵ҲûǮǴӻŲһ㡣ɰ˵ô󹤳̱㶼óǮôڷ֣ɿ˷粻ɳǣҪ̵Ŀ˵Ҫóʵۡ
СԽľΪڸ󸨳ɣû˱Ŀô¡Ǿһʣһ飬ǵȼ˵Ҳ֪ը˭
̲סŭؽʲô飬ӵҲӵĿȥϣô£ôϽģ
ͱϵĻ̣ϼҸһְѳĲͱȨȺľ衣ҲΪʹͲԺ飬Ҫŷֳȥ
ԣϵֻ
ϾȨҪӹ˵ǵĴԴ
ǣϾͷֹ˻̯ӡ
һϺˣϼҲ棬ǹԾԽܡ
Сô˵ͷһڲˮȥȻ¥ô˵Ǳˡ
ȻѾͷСһŵˣһʾ顣
һǿҵԤУͷ϶Ὺġ
ȻʵҲǴɵӡܹΪģ˭˼ӣ
׳ô飬᲻ΪԼȡ
˵׮ǣôˣ
׵˵ȴЩΣͬҲЩϵ
һڵ֣ʹΪ𣺡ôˣˣɶýһʱߣСϿʼֿˡ
һƽ˵ĴμͯԵʱͬһиյʦ֣Ҳҵͽ
ٺ٣ѧ˺˲𰡣һסЦ
ҲΪͷдһŹ׹һԣ׾͸ڽǵָˡ
ˣһ㶣ֱӡ
ף˵ϸҪһƻʦĴʦȥμӻԣҲ֪ϸȡǲȡ
СŭȡȡΣ¼ֵ֮ģû֮ǰ֪ž˭ģ
ЦǵҪὫˢȥǲǣҲǿƳˣѵĹأ͢ƶȴɽûһɫҲҪлɣཫڵָȥãȴܲвУȫƾ컯
ǰϸϺС㹫տɱɱ˻ôأͻȻЦЦֻϺ꣺Ƴϵ˭˵׼أоٵҲǼˣǧľţٴĲӣҲҿ˵еġҲδнʿвˣ˻᲻˵ϸΪСϺڵĹڣⱨ
סˣǰҲ˵ٻǣ뱨ڣڿƾٳϣģҲ޷밡
ǣǡЦøǿġɱ˲ô밡νڿ˸˳ɻϣûмʶ߲׽ӰĵĿɲ
ŭô˵ڻнʿϼҸӸ˴ЬӴӣСˣܾ˭нʿȵý죬ϿˡûнʿһֱԶʹ
˵ûһɥ
Ѿ䵽׵֮У¥˵ǣ»ûŪڲаɣбɡˣø鷳
棺ô˻鷳ôף
ϵĺ룬ˣ˵ุΪ˱ӣ׽ȡˣʾĵ˽ʵΪ
СŭˣŲвУҸӵĲԡ˾ӹʺһճϣ͵óһ
׵ͷ¥ڸ󸨳ϸڸ׸ֱӹϵ͢档ڴһ飬Գ͢Ҳһ𺦡⼸գ¥ӶûڸֵֵҾ߹̫һ£ƴǣھ֮£Ͱϸϵ˼ɡ
⽫ҧüء
ͻȻ׹ͬԼףٰͲסŭУǶˣ˵ƨôɣҪȥˣ
ڼǿɣ´ͷβǣűߣڣѾȫȦȥˡ
ϵѾܹüδν˲䣬Ʋӣͺһһţ貹Ѫ
͢⼸ĶܶҪְλ˳Ҫ˲ȥ
ϵǲλʵͷûõĸɲš
λ˵Ĵûᡣ
ȴά޹̺;ͬԼס
˵ݶϣܹӦ
֮ͷǰ̾ϢһԿʦǿһһͷ֮¡Ϊ˹𢣬ͷֻǿˡ
ޣϺ꣡ǵһеһУΪڣˣɱƽͷ֮ޣ
һǱʫ島÷飬һء


276 ͹һˮ
һ仰಻ܹ㱳Թᡣ
ôֻּܹξʵˡ
ڱ֮󣬱ڼգúùƽ͵ĴڡȫϰΣ׼µĻԡ
û뵽ʵۼҵôࡣ
ִ᲻һĿˣΪһЩĻ֪ʶȻξɲƻԱʹ
һ˼񣬼ݷУڱڵ˶һȦ
Ȼл飬ɹҵĲȨɼξһְѳ֣˵ͬ衣ΪʵߵĲ֣ڿֿͷۡͻȻžǸɷԱֽÿֱԼ֪Ҫ١
һͲò壬Ϊһִˣֻ֪ȾһơȨıǻۣԶأ
أŴڵٽϡıŵζԷҲһζһ磬ξûƽżС̫࣬յ£޵Ŀ
ĹѾβ׶Σ岿ֶѾ깤ֻʣӻˢᡣ
ξѾȲˣؾͰԭǼ侫ᡣ
δɣѬ۾üξ䣬Ŵ󳨣Ҳ𡣱ı紵˼գеζָֻһڣһڡ
ʵ۰˶쳣Сģ¾˴ӣʥҲҪرܡˣɨβЩƾԽҲ֪ӵʲôʱ
˵Ҳ֣ҸѾһʱûˡճ½֡һѾɵˣôָӵöǡ
ڹһǰ衣ϴμʵ۵ʱ򣬼ξһۣɵسȥλ̨˭ʲôҪһĻᡣ
̫Χסһٺôڼɵʵв̣Ȱ˰죬̫ͣ֡
Ҳ˼ξһʣ֪½ӡ
ξ̾ϢãҲټƽˡ
һգԷһ뵽ξǼøһķ䣬оһη塣
ߵſڵʱ򣬻ԥ˰죬ȥԱߵֵ˵оʹ˼ξڽ¡
ǡڽһᣬͷ˽ȥ
ȴ룬н˵ů紺˰죬һݣһƣͻȻһֳʪĸо
ξôתӣǴġ
̧֣ͷȥȴһ߰ʮԵİ׺ͷϻȻһһƷĹٷ
һ
࣬ڸ׸ҲƷ
һƷǼΣʹ͵¸صĹûʵȨ
⻹ڴԽ֮󣬵һοһپһƷĴ١
ݵҲϵĿ£һͿ˵ӡ
ξϥϣ̬ȺͰͷС˵Ż
ͷԺشʵ۵ĻҲһһ󲢲Ƶġ
ԵؿԿξʵͬͷѾ˵˺ܳʱ仰ˣѾõ
ڽξһָָڣָָǸһƷ߹٣ãλ˸龰飬ͬһ£һּ⡣
˵꣬ͽ۾ˡ
ǣ¡׹ͷԭǸĴѹִһƷĹٷ
ߵͷӸǰͷӹһģֻһۣھһ㶣ͻȻоһ˿Ծĵط
ܵ˵£һʹں̰أҪ͢
һ׮Ǿд˵Ҫʰ꣬Ѿߵӱˡ
һ黹ð죬Ȼڸⵯת˸ǲ˾;˳͢档棬˻ȥȻ󣬻ʵһگ飬ѵˡ
ȴһ׮鷳ĵطʹڵϳ˽ʹһ֮ͨ󣬲֪һɽˣȻԣϡ˵ͬΪүͬΪµѪôͷʱ򣬱¾ʹôԣٺ»ԼͼˡеĲۡճ֧͹꣬ٺ»ʱҲȡ
ڷΪΪԣ؈ֻƵԼĸۡļ˻ܵļӣܹ۲ԣĶү̴ӣүͬĻ֮С
ǾĲ

ʹһܣԽһ̶֥ްθߣ󽫻ʵϡ
һ˼ξֽдһ̵ܼʥּǣʵ֪Ӳù͢ƶȣٺ»һ֮棬ơ̵ض˸գҲơ
ֻعȻǹģŸʽִҲûʲôѧþרҵȴҲѲ
ͷβڶµʿھΪķΧ֮ڡ
ɲ棬͸ˣⲻǸԼ鷳
ò˵ǸͽжĥԣΪ֮λ¡ʵ۵ǻ֮󣬻Ĺ
д֮ڽʥּʵۡ
ξһۣͻȻһЦ㵹ʲô˶ֺáϳǺõģһŲˣȴǲԡðɣģҲַ£׼ˣԭķȥ
û뵽Լ˼ξ³ˣЩξڴĦϻһ֡Ͼǻʵ۵ĶӣֻҲϲ÷ֶΡԼ˵飬һ˲ȥʲô
ڶ˵̰һ¸㲻ʲô
ԣΪ̫һλƳˮ
ķںɱ֮һһֱھǲϾͷµľһ࣬ξи̣ԣһǻûʲôˡ
ھڼ䣬пԽϵΪѣǸЩꡣ
߹ʵڿȥˣһȺԱϰ꽫˾ǡ
ںŴû£̽׵Ļؾǡ
˸ն࣬ǰؾ㸸ʹӸ͵ǣѾ˺ӱ
ϹҲóǣûٻȥ
ҲˣչϼԲܲܲûʵ۸ž۰ɡ
ҲΪڸŽת˸ûʵԼ
Ҫһ£ôʵۻʡ
¹ϵ֣ǣ̫󣬼ξҲЩΪѣ̲סѯĿ䵽ϡ
˰죬ȴûػ
ȥѾ۾Դһͣš
ξ壬ѣ㻰
𱲷߼ξһξܴ󣬵ȴ
壬ʱȻ˯šʵۿЦһתͷڣ۾һ̹˸û˯Űɣ
Ŀдһ˿Σִһ˿Ź֡
óξһġ
ΪһףΪжԣѾʮûϴι϶Ҳ⡣
ǹ¼ҹһҲ塣
ξûҲˡһͣ˵ҲǼٻ
ֻΪʵۣܶȴ˵
ξ˼οףֻͷƤЩ飬ԼļСʲôʷһλ֮ΪпᣬС
ѺѺˣһɳ죬ٻѺˣ֪ô
ǣҪѺֻ谴Ͱؿʿ뺲֣پһƷҲʲô¡
ԣ֮㶼ϱǣȥ
һ㣬εúܣװ˯ˡ
λ⣬ϣڲԡ
ڣǱ¼£⳼Թʵġ
ξɷһ޾㡣
ҲǶŭǳڶġ
˵ʵڻ⼸ȷʵˡһϣƫϲ֣ϲֶõ֮֡
ɾѾĳǶɾξҪܲ˵گ֪ĳͻὫûˣǾ֮Ļʵۡ
ξҲûˣһڣжʱ󶯣дţּǹˣҲһ
ǡΣһ˼⣻£Ҵƶȣÿ괺ڣصķҪӣʹȻʱһǲҴķ
ξ۾ˣȻһЦⰮǣôһ£޾ͲùˡȻͰþˡʲôʱھǴ೤ʱ䣬ǻʵһ˵㡣û˹涨ʱ䣬һΣ
ڵͷǣһаƶȰ졣
ʱ򣬴ͻȻˣ̧ͷؿһۡ
ξͻȻȴ֮ЦеشӳһСӵݸڣ䣬ġ
ǡЩɻ󣬷һǻʵ۵ʣ¼öԼͬʱдʫ
ξ̾һᣬƫƫǧžӮû޶ˡϾǴǣ㣬һҪʿ
죬ڽʵۣξˡ
һˮ͹
ڳֳʲôӣȴҪĵġ
ھЩ鷳˵ΪĹϵͬԣҲ顣ɾһŪֻԣᡣ
û취үɡξǹزùҲǲԶΪ֮ԣҲ⡣
һգŹ˵ƹڹݣԱ㵱л
Ϊһͷۣӵ֮һǹȥĻһҲá


277 Ϊʿ
Ϊһһ¥ݵĸͬͨĹߵȻͬ
ùУȾһþ˵Ĵãĳ輫֮Ϊ¡Źټ̭ĽשÿռӰҲһˮ̴ľʲټϳϨĺõƻԻҲΪ
ûһ׮δȫգмһСͥԺһ÷ɫĻãУѩ׷£˷ֲѩ÷
㳨ŷ磬ȴ䡣СͥԺܶñɴڵҲ˵˻¯ټ̵ȵ׾ƣ͹ūڵЦݣһů紺֮С
úԺӣʣ¥йǵıԺ
һ¥ĴãѲڹĺլ治Ϊߣرڲ¶ػͷ֮
ʱھ˳ݣ֮һΪ˸Ļ顣ԼͲھĻŪô󶯾˵Ҫл۴黹òϿڶбҪһˡ
һ߽ݣͿˣǶ˴磬Լʮ֮ޡĴü
˵ĿҲǧٹ֣нлҿҲһЩ˵ͷţȻǽǸľǡ
¥õʱ򣬹˼˯磬żǻҹһ˵ڵʱ򣬿˲Ż½
ôôˣ϶Ƶġ
ԴӲƽڵʫʤ֮ǰľ֮꣬ûϹ˵гĵĶһͺ棬Ҫһſϸġ
˻治ٰվſڣ濴һۣ΢΢һЦתͷߵһۣ𣿡
ʲôʱֳϣԵ÷ǳִ١ݺݺഩε۾ֲ֪÷ͷ϶ʱ߳һϸ
үʵǡʵ̫ˡЦԼһź
֮ԴһʵǱűӵ˼
Դӽʽշ֮˵Ҳ֣СѾͷͻȻˮҲǧ˳ػ˵һ䡣ȫ񵱳һ仰ԣͺüۡ
Ҳ֣˵ԼϾʱѾ˶ӣСѾͷԼˣôȴǱһˣĥ˰죬׹Լʽһ֡
Ϊһִˣܶණڶ벻Ҳֶ֪ԹŴŮӾζʲô
˶֮СѾͷһİˣһҪĸղͬ
˵ʵڻڣ֪¥Ĺ˵ŭҲǼٻͬƺû˽飬̹Դһ
ʱʱһ깫Цӭʩһ񣺡λӿϤĹ
ڣƹڲڣ
һ˵Ƶģ깫ЦһЦдһ˿⣺ƹģ㿴Ѿ˲ˡ
ָָˣҲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬹ƽǲɵˡҪ㻻
ЦҪƹֻ˵仰ӣȱơôˣÿһСʱ㡣ȵʮ˶ŲƣֵڣҲ֪컹Ǻ졣
ڰͷҲȾģǲƹҹ
깫һӿ⣿
ǡںЦͷǹūѾõ˲ƵţһԼȥ
û˵һɧвپվ׷׳ǰ񣺡ƹˡ
СΪƹһʫ͵ݽȥɺã
ľӦöͣȻ֪ǲƵѾߡ֮жܿеһ˿ֺúΡ

ԭȴˡ
һڣ۾һæ߹סڵӣˣҼҹѾãҽȥ
ãȥƹڣƸ𴲣Ǻǣⶼʲôʱˣ
͵Ц⼸ʵ̫æնáҹͬʿ˵ʫîʱȴ˯ˡⲻڴЪһ졣һ𴲣ûС룬ǰ·
ڵͷʹԺȥ
ڸһܼƣ¾ʿǡЩϿľڵطϣ˭ͷָʹˡ¾İ𣬴ȣдҵһնûŲƹô
£һ仰˶ˣͬʱָڡ
ҲֻͬһЦسǰȥôˣȭͷߡ
¶Цתͷ˿һۣôͲܼˣ
һʿǰһ֣Ǻε
ЦΪʿ꣬ɹ˰ɣ


278 ֮ˮ
ʿһ͵һȻȻ
ʵԺգԼ̳ʦڵһʿļơ
˶ҲǼΪĽڿˣһɡ
е˶վӿǰס֣ԭ𾩳ǵʿ갡£ʵ̫ˣ˲費˼룬ôڶ߲סص
ʿ꣬ʿ꣬ҿɻƺӱ̫ѩϣѡˬţӻǧž
ʫʣѰдһףӡȴ룬ʿһ֮ھʮף·

ǸϿľˣǴĻľӢȺ˽ʿԼͬꡣȻһһֻ΢ЦƹҪ˵ҪЩʱ䡣ֻȽȥˣ½⡣
ʿǲƹʫߣڵһʿҪȥ˭Ҳã
ͻȻ˾һʿƹʫҪʿ꣬ҵȶΪ죡
ԶԶԣʿ겻Ҫҵʧ
˰ͷòãʿʫ´ʳϲƹĸãĶͷĺ٣գʿȼƹ˵
ԶԶԡ
˶һ󸽺ͣǾͺʿʫ´ʰɣ
ôˣһһ䣬û취ش
ֻй֣΢΢һЦתȥ

ǻûվＤ
ȴʫʥʿ꣬в˽ʿҲûа
ͻȻ̾ϢʿڣƹﻹҿҲٵȣȥ
ǰǻʲô˰Եͷ
һЦ˵λ̨Ҳˣʿ϶ʫǸֵõ𣿡
԰
˶кá

ʿӵһֱûϹֱҹĻʹ
ھֱ߽˲ƵӣԾվ¡
찾ҹ˯һ죬𴲣ϴһɫãЩӹһӸСڳš
ڽæڸԸڼ̾µСˣٽ̳ԽĺþСĵɸһ
һ˵ŻһֶӸȻСڳ
ɴЩ飬ȴ͸һķϡ
жûŮӳøò
Ůʫử󷽣ʱǿɱ
Ա΢ЦؿϽ۾ŲֻһִͣͬŮ֮޹ϵæˣҾǹ㣬ƻæһӣȴˡ
˵껰ߵǰزֻӬͷС飬ճī֭һŷۺɫСд
ƣǰҪˡߵߣ
Ҳ˹ͷڵֽϿȥ
˹꣬ҪϰΣμĴǡˣõȳּ͢⡣дֵȵġ
ǰܹҪȡĹġĲŻȻмװ񣬵ʱ͢϶ίΣµطȥһ֪ءϴڳɶһҲطꡣ˴ˣɽˮҲ֪ʲôʱ
ȷʵĿƾƶȣ˽ʿ϶ڵȥ֪ءʱºҲ֪ʲôʱٻؾǡ
뵽⣬ɫһ
ԱߵҲɫ䣬ۿȴӯӯ⡣
ȴ֪ǱһǰֱӽԺġǰǵְ֪λҲʧܡ
ΪӽȻǲ뿪Ҫ֮ء
ⱱǲ뿪ġ
ȴ˵ƣ¼һġľʿǻݳڵ´أȴʧˡ
ǽãe岨ӭᣬ֦ͷ֡
޻٣ϰǧһЦΪ־Ȱб򻨼ա
Ȼ󽫱ڱʼϣҪſȥ
۾ʪˣ޻٣ϰǧһЦˣβڴˣ͡ˡ
Цʶ֪ǰǾˡΪˣܹط꣬Ե̸ֺ֡£ǵľ֮ˣĪҪȴһ顣
Ƶ˵ͷҲ΢Цʱڣղƹ顣ϵƲʲ֪ǧǧ򣬵ȴֻһ֣׵ġ
ȴѾС¥Ůӣʶǧ٣ܹ˷ֱʱһ̶ȣͻȻ֪ʲôʲôи᲻¡
޹ط£˵ֻ֮顣
вͬ·˶ҪԼȥߡ
һģȴǿƽ˵ơ
ҪȥԺͻȻһƬ
ʿڽЩ˺񣬲ƹ˵أʲô
ζ״ɷ羰ߣ
Ҳеʲôˣ£
ǷӾԺʮ˵Ĺ⾰
ʱһ˵ЦʲôҲôͲܼˣ
ЩϤк棬̧ͷȥȴһ㶣ôɣ


279 ɰ
һˣھ̲סЦ
˵˵ҲһСĲӣڱҲЩСС鷳
⣬̳ԺյڵЩԹһЦ֮
ܵ˵ƫܶʱҲûʲôԭ򡣵½ֳô಻죬һ½ɵˣ̫඾ʱԾ̲סǰȰ⡣
ռˣеķߺѾˣֻЦҲЩͷ
ԺѾûģ½ţڵס
׽첻һˣͬһĻˡ˿ЩأһͲͬԼʿһĶˡ
Ϊ׵һʮԵˣЩ΢΢֣ٵҲϴһɫдۣϵһ֬䣬ڼһ˫µͿ͵ţƤѥ˿
ΪϣϴһɾΪ˵ƣһͲͨˡ
ֻڿ˵ʱĿ˸Ȼļ֮Уȴδⲻ
߻һߴĺӣͷܸˣҪЩ˫¶ںУɳСָȫϼ룬Ȼ˵Ļ
һǸ꣬˵ӡ
˺⣬Ժﻹʮˣָ׵ݵغǳ⡣
ڱǸС֮ˣοϷסЦڷ
Ǹģ˷֣Ȼػ˵ǰ΢Ϭؿ
̫ȭѾɣԵúܷɣǸĿȴ쳣졣
ǸЩͷˣһô£¥Ů
ڿۣдΪ֡ΪԼһŹԼҲǸʱָ뿪ĴǣȥĴǱ߾ǺΣһŲ֪
ôҲܱˣôϴйĶ˵ѵֽûˣѵôƲ˰æ£
뵽ڲֶȥĿ䵽ͬϣһǿЩŵ
ȣ˳ܹӺͻѾ˾ÿԡ
ҪǣǸӿԼʮ߰꣬룬Ҳûкᣬⲻ̫
ܹʹ̫ģүһ
ô˾˭أ
ûͷԱߵͰͲסˡ
һһŮȻǰû¥֪˺Ҥ
⻰䵽ƺȴǼ衣
ƻЩֻһף۵衣
ȴҲͲס͵ƿų嵽ǰȵڴ룬£Ҿ͡
ΣԱС̫ɤӺʡ
ûشʿһ룺ͽȺϳȥɨҵȵͷ
ôͬ飬ղŻͬ۵֪áҲǶˣ֪ŭҶʿһҪġǻԼȴǴ󲻺á
æǰǲƹλĴĽԶǧǣһ档
ǻɣȻǻҳԱλ͡Խ϶һ㣬մƶȡԱһ˾λ͵óͷگûؾǡƽҲܵ˵طԱͽϸӡ
¾ЩүģЧ¾Ѿ¡
ԻԱĿƺƣʷϸģͽǵ
ˣʷУ˳Աûʲôķˡ
ȻҲȫǺ¡ĩ֮үΪˡڹҪǳʱȴǺ޽˷á
񣬾ȻǹڸֶǹүүȴҲүԣʵϵĴ
ŭҹǻǰڣ˶
ǲƣôǸһüͷָͻȻ˵һʯ쾪ĻǸСӣҪƨûƨɣҪظûظʧ
ү˵ǡǸС̫࿩Ц͡
㡭ȻûʽȴҲСҪġƽĶǫǫӣʲôʱȴ֮ˣʱõ
˻һʿӵǴ󻩣޳Сˣ
ײͣ
࣬ôܽģ
ͬһľȻийĶˣʿ֮ܣ
ţ˾ͽŭתͷϡ
۴Ϊַߣʱͷȥ
ȥһᣬ˳ֲԺҪˡ
žһǶ鵽ϣֵǸС̫ࣺӺ񣬴Сĸ


280 ׵
һǶ·ǴħղŻֳһƬԺӶʱÿ˵ĺ
ҧǾһһķ³·£绨ѩ¡˲ǴٹˣйʿӡһߣһûоʵǾˣûʮ飬˵
˵ݵ䣬һߣḳʫסеʮɳ˵ǷǶصϷ罻һȴ֪ͨġ
ݵԺԺ⣬硣
ôһݺݺ죬ŷͻȻһǶݺݵĶ⣬˴ֲ
һʱ䣬еʿӶסˣ̶Ȼŭ
һˣȻôүŹ̫ˣ
С̫ࣺңǲƵĽӰˣƽйĶ˶ҲŻţδܹί
ЩȻ
С̫ࣺþ㣬Ϊʲôˣ
ɶ񣬱С˺ùҴ

СС⼸С˸Һȥ
ѹͬ󻩡
˴򣬲۾ȫŭ𣬾Ҫȥ
ҲͻȻһĻסˣֿľǶǾӶڲֻ֣˼ȴûһëҲһа
ϾǸˣʱѹסˡ
Ҳ˲öԷʲôݣǲүһŭȣ˳ȥǸС̫ҲһǶ⻹˻ȥСӣ
ŭ֣Ҳû
ڿǳڽˣִĸʳͬ˲֪Ҫ϶١С̫ξܵס
ͱһƳ鵹ڵأڱǽðѪ
ӸҶڳˣǸүĻһХװ˵һУһȭڼ
ֻ÷¡棬ں
һ֪֡һȭƣУֻԼǲ
ɾʱͻȻһӰͻǸǰһֻץڻȭͷϣһһš
̫ȭеʽ
ǻȭͱһߣƼһɳȥԶֱӹ÷ϣ⡱һƬ죬Ҳ֪ѹ˶ٻݲݡ
ãһǶһƵУǴġԺеʿǶͬʱƣȲʡ
ЩȻһ磬ɵ׳Ժҳȴûһ˶ܡ
ֵվǰЦſǸҪҼү
΢Цļ򣺡Ҫ£
лѹղܵ裬øࡣ
Ҳˣ§סο
ڵģͫһ㡭
ڱĵؿһۣôҲˣһ֣ģа˵ĶغȴоƤʲô
һƤʿҲͬʱ
ҡǺںǳ˵۾ȫǺ⡣
ޣʱ򣬱һǶ鵹ڵصС̫վһһڴѪĭЪ˹ضڴУʲôҴӡ֪ʲô𣬵ҼүſԴɣ
̬š
Ϊڣȴסˡ
ҵȻ֪ʲôˡڽĿ䵽Ǹϡ
˿һԺһŵɫ䣬סˣ޿ʱſǽϣ˫ֲס
ȻһǸûĵС
Ѿ϶ǻү̾Ϣ뵱̫桢桢»ʵǺεȵӢ˵ãʵۼξȻƷôҲһټӢľKӢڣҲսѪͬΪԪ谵Ѫôһ˲
۸ղűںǳ˵С̫ĺ˵ǰǰϴִˣʲôڳɶʱҲţй⾩УСŶţëʲô
˵ˣͬǰѴвͬѾ˾˹ѾȵѹСһͷ
ߺߣ˿ǸϿľˣǲȥǡ
ţþֺξ֮У
ͬһҲ
һŹ֮ѧɢģǨһĸ׵׼߿
ǣվүͷ֪Է֮󣬱д˸ǰȥݼ
үǱϳǣʧܵľ
ԾѺ徺֮֮󣬶Եطϵķϸơ
ȣӵԼľӺͻòط񣬱׼ܿճһ衣
Σ²סĳУƽռҪһҲó߹ģط롣
ˣеĹҲͳһָɣСҪЩͷ˳ͨ
ˣƽﻹҪܵطԱͽܼӡ
ΣѾʵϵˡ
һʿƵķλǸߣеĿȴ֪ġ
ر˸ϳ֮һ·ܾ˵طԱơʱͻȻͶβͷϲ
ң˻һйŹġ
֮ڶնаܵôңʹ˼ʹ֮׹Լȱ˲Ű
Ǹԣ߶Щ߹̷ڡžĴ壬Щ˼ʹ㲻֪о䵽˼ҵȦȥ
ԼҲм˲ţڿ㶼þ⣿
ɶ˶ܰνѧգڵҡͷĶ˭ſˡʿ볯Ϊ٣һССķ˭ͣԣͷ֮ô˲ţΪʵϵĴų͢壿
۵Ͷʱ򣬾ƻǧǣʵ̬
һ㣬ˡ
ʱҲʵǣҲܾʲôˣֻҪһϣϷŹ˵ԼѧʶǷǳŵġ
£˵˲ŵĵط˵Ϊĸط
ȾϾݡΪԲĵĽӦ츮ĻȦ̫濪ƾһľ˽ʿ࣬ռȫ߳ϣǽգ꣬˲ٽʿ࣬ʤط˳츮ΡáĻģȱ˲ţĴĳɶ˾׿ľϼңһ׶صĻС
ܹڳɶֵطӱѧͲڽֱؾӢ֮أҲ֮ˡ
Ż˵ãͬ͢Ҳڷ·֮䡣ֻڳɶʱΪֺֹӣɿŵΡ
Ȼھһϯ̸֮ҡһΪϯĻš
ͨĹϵںŹˣμ˽ǣ˳õ˹ȻУͳӵ˿϶ģһ㣬Ҳûȥ롣
ʤӢ۵ģֻҪɹͺá
νΪճı⣬øʿ
ò˵ڵ־һСţ³ɺӿͷͬʱȴޱȵԽС
һ뵽˵̧ͷڣ֪ʲôʲô֪һССţʲô֣ͬѾͬȴģ


281 Ҵ
û뵽˵ֿ־Զ󣬸ݽ겵Ļ
óһǵ⣬ƮƮȻˡ
ҲⱾлʲôԵɡ
ڵŶֳڵľڳɶʱȣ췭ظǽѵСˣ
˵Ż΢΢һ̣һЦ
ڣеʿǶ˾Ҳ
Բ˵죬ȽȽ̳ʦ˵˲֪˲벻ǰССȻƣ˵Ĵ󻰡
סû˵ô˰͵С䡣
ڶţⲻ۵
ˣڵֳѵ֪ڵĲŻݿúɣֿˡ
˶Ŀ⿴ס
ʿеۣһǱȹǱǱȲѧһڶԷ͵øָţһͷ
һ˺ġҹоͿԿиô˵ġи˺һͬһСͬһխĴһУϲӰټңһѧģЩ𣬿ɱ˼ŵ첻סʵܡ
зǶ˵̲֮סս̨֪Ǽˣ
ش𣺡Ȼˡ
Ǻһ๫һãҽֱ
ɴ˿ɼĶһײͬͨĵ±׼Ϊ
˿Ҫǰ˵Ĵ󻰣ֱȡ衣
һɶʱľ£͵Ƽʫͽҹܵ衣³ɺӿͷȵôҽѵˡĶйĶ֣йְĹˡŴҵ棬һҪһۡȣͬΪ½һұ곤۱ֵ֣ѵͲܽѵ㣻۹
˵һ㣬ֻ޲ȫ˶֪
ԹĿⶢڣڣڳɶʱ㹴˸ҵŹΪ۾ʹ˳٣÷ˡϧϧ۵˹ûŹˣڲμӺʱҰʮľ˹
Ұеģ󸹬۹ǰé׵ںν˲֪˲УҵеľӴУ֡ҵķɣͷ͵أҡеζ͹⾰ҲһССܵġ
˵ۿЦЦּ͹ۣڰڣȴĿƳǰѵûѵʸ񣿡
ãǽϣʵ̫ңЩˡ͹Уʲôʱ飿
һ׵٩٩̸ȴ̲סһãߵĻ̾˫ʿִҲֻйʱءǿ֮⡣ôţҲǹµĸ
С̫ҲάֻǻؿڣһҰ׵ؿ
һãү׸ǵҪƮˡ
Ӧȣȴǲ
ؼλ˵ôȻϣѵȴƫƫڣҶȴƽϲЧ
ϵļ£ȴò졣
ͻȻ䣬ˡ꣡һЦ
Цǲƣ˿ô˻
ϻˮҲһЦС󣡡
£Ҳ̲סôЦ
̫˼ˣ̫˼ˣ
С侹Ȼ˵Ĵ󻰣Ҳ
Ȼʿְ࣬۽ھǳˣǼסˡ
û׼˼ұ˳ģֻҪܹʿһ䣬ͺ龩ǡ

һƬôЦʼδԼղλʲô⡣ͻȻЩã޴
ЦУо˳ڹ֣ʿ꣬һɡ
ʿ꣬Ըһʣһ䡣ܹдһƪϭʲôģǾò
ҳһǧʿϭġ

ʿ꣬ʲôǽϵľɫ䣬ھбжĿ⣬Ȼ֪ڵݡֻߵĽϵشϢȴεıʿܽӴġ
ЦԽԽ죬Ҳͣļ
΢ЦŽ˫ѹѹλҾһ
ЦͣڵȻֳҪۣڳһſļƣϧȴҴˡҾͬһ£˭˵еҲλ֤
ȣ˵ҵֳֵҪѵҡûͬΪһ곤֣ҵϵϵһ׾ܲ
˵ͷã۳ǹأƲܷϡ
Ҳͬʱͷ˵
˵úеҲ˵ʿŵĿȥˡ
Ŵ̬ܵ˵Ϊչɼͥչ壬γɹҡ
ʵϣڹŴͨѶֶε£һֱȨص󡣹ҵֻµسһ£һж峤ʹ˵㡣
˾סͻҲֱӱٸɵطϵ峤ǴáʵڴòĴҪŽһ
ܹ飬оˣܽμӻԵģ˭Ǵ˼ҵֱϵӵܡ
ͨһˣ˿һ࣬־Щҡϵû仧г߱Ҳ£ϵĳԼıָߣʹ󣬶ֱϵָֻţˣ
ԣ⽨ϾСã۳ôһ׵λ̳Ī
ڽŵ˵һɣ˵˺ʡľˣڲţҲ˽˳츮ԵľˡҶǼξʮԵľˣҲû취Ӧ磬ԣһѹңȴڵ˵ͨ
ʲôҲ˾١ˡһò˼Ŀ⿴ڣôܣ
һЦףĴʱʫ£Ҷѹһͷġûоˣȴвˣ
һʿӴЦۣǸʲô֣ǺԵĵڼ˵ôͷÿ
ԶԶԣ˵Ҳ۵Ŀ롣
ױҺȵӣ˾ˣǷϡ
һԼΣ˾ǰо٣Ҳиǰڵο൱ǰģӮˡ
һҰʮô㲻˰ɣ
е⣬һͷ
꣬ʮѣ˴Цģô͵Ҳʿǰô˼ҿǽ˳츮ͷԪ
ЦøеᶼЦˡ
ڣȻܺͲƹѾʫ̸˵£ɿЦȴǲС


282 
Ԫһʧеôܣ
֮УǾò˼顣ĴμͯʱԾûȻ֪ڵİ˹ΡȻڵʫʷǳ֮ϣɲĲ顣
һʡԽԪʲô̶ȣκһжùնҲΪо˻нһ˵һʡ԰ǿǶ˵ıʣ֪ж˫۾ţȻǾġ
ܰô
һ¡졣
Ķеλľˣ˵ٻ
˳츮ԪһӦġ
Ŀеķ̺ϵЦǿҵɥż׼Ҫˡ
ΪԼ˾ˣżڣԵôʿӵ潫ݺ裬ȥĶԹͨͨһ
ȴܵ衣
Բܾô䡣
һҧݺݵ˸Ԫѣ£нԪȴûпнʿĶȥڣҳãôɵӣ¶һӣҲǻĴϼʱѹʼġƳϣѧʮ꺮ĻۡҾͲţ㲻һ飬ܿʿˣЦ
ʲôʿŷһ꣬͡͡Ժ˶ҡǶ˵Ϣ޷
ףߣɵӣҲ֪ʲô·еˣҪȣǻԳϱȡ
һһɵӵؽУջɫһۣǱ˸ģȴԼġ
˰ɣ׿Ц
ʱͻȻи˴һ꣬˳츮ͷԪдһ˸Ϸǰҫʫʡѵһ˵ѵʿ·ˣ
ģ
ʿǶ䶯˷ЦָףЦЦȴ֪ʿεȳ̶ȣ˼·еľˣѪˣƷӣȻʿ֮ܰ
ҲǸսǵӣ֪ľǳôһ׮¡ʿСʫдʮӮú졣һ޳ܳ࣬ʿǰ˵Ĵ󻰣˵ʲôҪڻԳһָ£۵
ʿҲһЦ
ͻȻԼ;սʱͬǰļ̸ʱ˵׮Ļʢ¡˵һڵľСԣôԼе̳ʦơ
ʱȥҲû˵ϵϡֶ˵ѾǹȥʱˣԴ֮Ϊ˿̵ڴŻڱΪūĳһⱲǻˡ
ãǸʲôգ֮һǻʵ׵ģҲҸطӲдˡ
ˣʱײûг롣ΪӦһǳɽˣ̳ʦлᵹԽʶһ¡
ȴû룬˾Ȼڡ
Լǰ˵ô󻰣ȥЦ
ԺĶо˹ĶˣʱľӢеΪ׼ԣѾھסʮ꣬ιͬ鼰¡ҲҪ˵Ҳò죬ԼֵЦҪǣΪʿֵЦ
һֳصĴܸӿͷۺݺݵҧݣֱҧͻͻ
ܣԲܾô䣡
һΪһ㡣
ܵٴ裬ҲҪҧ֡ǲɨأʿˡ
գҲײŹʺˣݺ衣ʹͶȥүôң̸ǰ̸δ־չģǹʿֵǱȲ㡣ǣүȴɲ˲ڸղŹүĻӣֽ˼ҾųǳıӵǽˡգүΪ
뵽۶ʱܻһøڣҲ֪ʲôֶƭˣգǣȴˡ֪ղŵ˭𣿡
˵껰ߵǰһʩ񣺡
ͫһͻȻʲôݡ壬ǴӺģ̫࣬Ǿ˭
֪ķξֻ׼˾һˡ
ڵһЦ˵ϻаû˽ᣬνİɣҲ֪ڳסã
ɫ䣬ݺݵؿڣʲô˼֪˭𣿡
ڣȻ֪ҲǼҲ²£վȰ껹ؼȥɣûϲ￴㣬Ūһ˶ˡ
ڳһ£˶೤ʱ䡣ôʿ˵棬ھԼӦͬ˻ޡ˵ԼղŴ̫࣬Ѿˡ˵׼Ȼ˾Ļţ϶ڲ
ⲻҪͻ
ˣֱӰ
ϴŭĿȫа𣺡øڣҵļʲôʱֵˡҲ˵ղŹ£ǿûꡣ
ڻû˵۾ԱЪ˹ؽԣµø˵ߣǶ£


283 
׾Ȼ˵Ҫ˵ĻҪԺо˶һ򾡡
˵ǸйְȻҡ
仰һ˵ڣ׾ͶݺݵؿڣŰɣŰɣү϶Ϊġĳݺͻţֻһ£ͻҪÿһƤ֮ⲻ˵ġ
үگ꣬Ѿصö衣ʰһССľˣʵۿ϶˵ʲôںôأʵ۲ҲĬˡ
ЩᶡҲҪʰ˲Žͷ֮ޡ
ⲻӵĽȴһ̾׵½صʱҲǸС꿡ţʫ˵ãҲôɵô˵ǰɱǵˡ˵һССľǼξʵָǿľҲԸ׶Զ˺Ĺʹ͢ȡ
Ķ˿ɲ±˴ƨɣݵλԽߣԽһȡ˾Ӵĺûᡣ
οܷŹ
Ȼо˹һЦָžģӦǳд󳼣ʡĹԱ˲£
үҪҵȶͬݽ棬ʮ˰գǧ̾ߣҶˣ
λλʿ꣬̽ڽ񳯣˽ССɧڳ͢͢ȵĸ߶ȡ
һʱ䣬ǧָȺӿþݲҰף촽סش¡
״ǳ⣺˺˺󣬷ֱӴ
ʵ̫ңڳƵݹȥһɫ
ƻ⣬˻طȴһԴеؿڡ
磬ɱȻҪҵͨͨ浱˳𣿡һЩľ˴ЦߵǰָͷҪָˡ
Ѿھס˶ʮ꣬һֱûнʿͷȴǳҲη壬ֱǳ⣺λˣְϷͬԺܴϵͬţ֮εܴдӣúͬۡ
νܾǼԺͷԹʹ죬ɸֱǿӲĹԱΡЩԹ۷첻µز£ǻʵۣҲƿڴ
Ҳˣ֪ôһָ֣ʲôɱţҲָģܻ֣֮ͽ£ʱѾȫ˿˵ϢһƤ
ǸܵĻͨ죬ȴûж֡
䣬ͻȻ䣬žһһĶ鵽ϣֵľȻǾ
Լ˴Լˣе˶סˡ
ҲòŵĿ⿴žڰ㡭ǡ
ʲôǣ쵰ķŭˣһ׳ֻ֪鷳²ࡣǴűʲô˲ơģɡϵıֻ֪ŪµŮܿ˯ʲô˼ôˣŪ˺򣬹
³һȥ
Ϊ˽Ƕһ˼ģڴ֮ǰҲ´ڳԼڻʵǰ顣
ν֮󣬾û뿪
ֻкƤڳ֮͢أһȥܹڵһʱŲڴںǧ֮޲ߣԴС
˳츮ʱоһسдŹҪ͵עĿüŭ˳е
ˣ֮ҲǰĿһ̡
û뵽ȴôһôˣмԺܵͬꡣ
ڳͶ˵
ϰ֮Ա˸ϳǣЩѳ۵ʿ˵ֱʣ
ԼθһؾȻ䵽ͷù˸ա
ûǲ֪ԼݣһҲҡ
գҲ˲ʲôү棬뿪Ƿ֮Ϊá
Ȼﳹ׻
Ⱦ˲ֻʳţҲ˲ñͺЦͷ׷ȥ
յ˵ǰرǵڣүһǶ⣬ǳ׶ˡ
ֻ޲õһ϶ȥһͷײǽϵͷ
ô˵Ժûзʿ˻ˡ
ĳݾͣһٶಽһϣ׳ȥ߲˼ͿѾ
ǰǾΨһʿǾүһݺ͵λӺһ·үҡ
Ҳ볯ȥ
ȴ룬ܻһ֣ס
ôˡ
ܻүˣ
ÿҪүߵһҪγˮкүү
ޣһĭӳ³ΪǸƽȴǸɣߣ
ǰУ׹㶪ѩϡ


284 ֮
ѩһһѩվţЦһ紵׼͸ġ
һͻȻʶԼʲô
ΪһˣҲ֪˵Ѳ֮
үη˾ţ֮ǰھµӣŵһص߻Ļᣬꡣ
ɹ֮أ
νԲ˳ֻҪһʮ壬ʱпܱ˸ϳǣֻ˿˳ۡ
ԣλһ͵̫˵ע⡣
Ҳǵġ
׵Ĵʱѹţܵüҡ˵˻ͷԵģҲᱻأΪ۰
ھ߱һһĽУ˵羰ʱҲеƮƮȻҲűԼ˫ʿˡԱ̸̣ھʫʸ踳ջһЩݵĿ⣬Ҳʼ
˵ݣƹ죬еλ֮ˣûͬ˵ӣʿ
Ϊϯպ˵ǸŨ֮ˡʱ£ȥŮ
Ȼڷ³ǺģһˣɽͿ粻ǵš
ȷڵ׾ݶԣҲһССĹԱ൱һ͸Ůǣͬˡ
ԣ׾˵˾۽磬˳ү򵥡
ȴ룬һڣ³ɺӿͷ׳ױ˳Ǻ˶˺ڵүĲ졣
û˱Ըү³խƫƫСղܵôľţѾԼ
үҪʱԽȥˣǳʺ
ȻղһĻǳ׶ʧˡ
վѩϣֻ֮Լȴ޴ȥ
ԼѾŭ˾ȥҲǰֵλ㲻ýҲԵ
Ρ
ԼܹûŹľܹԿ˾ˣȻԸȥ룬ȴòϣлһõġ
ͷβ϶žӡ˵ˣλʦȻǺãУǱѾ˵ˣҪһְ뿪Լ̸ǰ;нʿûκΰհ
ѩͣ£洣ãñϾ˻ѩ
Цһ˿֮ڵĸЦʿһһˮĺȲʡ
ڵˬʵЦһǿҵĶʼӿͷӳմоѹ
۾ˣɵúõϾܻĴʲôû㣬״ֻѾȢС㣬ңڹһĴҵĴԵҵĹ첻ңʧ֪Ǹ뿪Ĵ֮۾ȻʶүеĹˣ˾ˡۼǰһƬƬҲϨˡ
ѵеҪС

ڵʿеѾ׻ˣʹ̸ξʹ

һһҧķȥ
ʱ򻹲ãȥȴ·
ҹҲҲֻءС
ƽռܹĳˣ岻ȲˡһߣˣҲˡ
ֻһţϵĺˮһһȪˮӿȵֻ·ֻȴÿҪľ
ԭô·ϵĲЬ͹ѩˮ
һ·˽һʱ
ķ֮ⷪںڻʹ֮󣬼ξСӣڳдһþ˵Ժ
λؾɻصס
ʵϣүھǶԱʥʹá
ص֮󣬷ɿܹԼ䣬˸ɾѣֻ֫ٺҪɢһкһ˸Լϴˮ
үɵ߷̵ģƽﵹǰ˳һȴ˰죬ȴ
󻹺һ̵ˮڻ﷿ʱѾûˡ
ͳվЦſס
ȻǼٻֵط﷿ֵͨࡣһҲ֪Լʧ˳ţûҪֺˡ
⾰С˳ɶѣۡ
СˣҪŭԶһЦ΢ڼžҹȴúԶ
ǾǴǰġ
ҹģȻпãԵЩͬѰ
һݣǿеŭӣģүʲôôзÿͣ
ģҲһˣ֪ɫЩͷ
ɿ˵ˣʲô֪ģ̡
׵̬Ǹаĵ˺ǵ⣬ЦǰҴСĴС꣬ûҵġȴһһ١ǸʲôˣһӾ͵ת䵽ѾͷϣٲŲǸϵͷͷӶˣһ
ˡ׺ʶʲôƬ̣ʣλǲүģ
ǲܹõүĽӼ϶ЩǴģôѡڴҹ
ģǣ˵죬Ǹɣһöġǰ죬Ϻȥ룬˼ҽ˵пٹȴ룬ѡôҹүǰŸһظڣ˾͵ˡóүǺܸ˵ģǸϵһһɡؽš
ɡһͻȻһ˵֣˳
˿Ǿľʶڹʮʿ˵ǻʵ۵ˡ
ҹ϶Ͽô򵥡
УҪ£׾Բܴ
뵽Ҳԥǰȥ
ȻǱˣһһ١
ϵǸɣƾǺ˳СǸͻ꣬оƤǺ˳ĶӺԪ
үҲڣϵԺ˵ɢҲ䲻ºڡ
ԪܻԶԶظں棬ôүͺ˳̸ˡ
үһ֣Сĵվһԡ
ףؿһۣͷŤһ˳˵
Щ޴룬ԵúΡ
ܻ˳ȴûЩǵۡЦЦԪؿףҲ֪йĶеκְ
ǸƤƵ׳ԱкЦüдһ˿
ǰûȡ
ʱ򣬺˳һۣʾλǡдԥ
˵һ䣺˽ףеʳͣҲǱˣɲ⡣
˳˵ˣΪĸҲûйǣŵү뱾кηԸ
Ҫ׮һǱͨоЩ֪֣һºɣ˼Ҹһԡ
̸ϣҲнЩСֵʲô˳һҲǻʵЩ̺үʮ꣬ڹݲصĵص伮֪и׶εΡ飬벻ֶΪ֮ү˵
ξС˵һϵĵͽ⼸Ǳ䱾˾
ã±Чɡ
ǸҲڼгիʿʹеӡҲ׷Ч¡СӴʿԵһҲŲɡ
¾ЩضԺ˳ɣСʶͷѧһ׾ת֮˶ʮ꣬һֱûзӦӽʵЩͨ˺ЩôֻͻȻͨ벻ʵڡ
˳үͨ˵ѾչǺ¡ҽ̲ͨδؾʹү˵˵ʲôͨ
ͷǰΪǸӣһֱû취뾲ɾȥͷʱͻȻ붨ˡңһ붨;ʱر죬һֻоһɲǡ
Ǻ°νۣ۶ͨ񡣡˳ϲ˾һүΪʲôأ
üͷɣҲ֪Ǻ¡붨ʱȴһ׮鷳ҵ˫ͻȻԼѪͬһо壬ٲȥˡ
£˳һЦ˻ӣһɷǣ٩٩ү˵ż֪еĹؽڣȻвҽ𵤴г뾰һ˵ܹ˳뾲ɣǾǳĿԼǾ˾ˡֻǳҪΪһȹ֮ЩȻͻʧˣҲҰ
ųһŶԭ׵죬̫ˣ̫ˣ
˵Ż˷ܵش֡
˳΢΢ףãү˵Ҫñʲôԣ
ؿ˿ܣѹһ֮󣬽ȥ
һүôҪ鶼˳̣ͺ˳Ĺϵ൱ز򵥡


285 ϼӰ
ؿ˿ܣѹһ֮󣬽ȥ
һүôҪ鶼˳̣ͺ˳Ĺϵ൱ز򵥡
˳Ħųİ룬һЦһĪģүɼǵϰʱ뿪ȥͷʱƶǰȥʱ˵ϯ
˸ϳǵȥȻ֪һʱľĹٵŭν˺ôѾ׽ܵǣۣ֮Ωֲ
˳ȴǰȥУɼھĹϵеεȳ̶ȡ
ֻһɲǣ׾ף˾Ǿѣڻʵߵߡ
Щã뿪ǵʱ򡭡̫ǵˡɡ
˳΢Цһ֣ܻȥ
˵ʱҲµġ
һݣȻ뵽Լ뿪ǳ뾰ľȦӣⱲҲûзĻᡣҲܾϵᷳƤվŲ
˳գƶүҲôҹбҹΡҼǵں԰һɽµǺݵķ塣ʱүңݵķȻˣΪʲôߡǵƶôشġ֮֮һһ
£ˡգҲһڴš
˳ЦͷյڴһһΣүƶģȥ˺Ųⲻ˳ؾˣ
ԭˣȻݣ˳֣ͨ󣬱Ͷء
ԪԱߵЦүҸ׵ͨԲһܼʶġ
˳ŵүղ˵Ҫƶһ֮ȥǾ仰һһֻ谲ĵסȥܹвƿһ졣
ãô˵ɵļԣͽķƽˡ˳е˼Լǲϰɥ֮Ȯϳˣ涼˷ܡ
ѾھǴȥԾƶڱǰͷ¶档һУΪϡ
ֻҪܹ뿪һжпܡ
һ뵽͢ĹǵͷƤ顣
ʱһ˸ʡֱ
ͬΪ޵֮ˣͼξķŲͬһȴǿóġүԸǿǸˡЩ꾳ոߣþ˵ʹ֮Уνû˿ء
뵱ʵһôó裬Ϊһ仰û˵ԣŭ˻ʵۡһбգʵ۾վֳԹۣ˿û˵˼
λͳҵһҪΪԣ˳λٵ㳸⣬Щ겻֪жȨ󱻼ξһɨԶйѫ½ԡ

˸սЦˣ٣ɣһԡ
˳үʲôʲô
תͷź˳òҧ³֣׼
˳ãŵ׼춨Ѳ⣬迪̳
ƽҲûٿ̳ĴˣѧҲѧˡ׵һֽܽãֻƬ̾ͽһ̳ϡ
һûԭˣֽڿ죬ҲԾص˵ͷеᷳƽ
үıӵù׵۾дΪϲ
Ȼǿ̳˳ھǼԪں֮ĵ䡣õַҲͨǰݰϲԣջֽʲôġһĵϰ죬Ľ׽Щͷ
ֻһڴվ̬
ʹʲ죬ҽ˺һɹ֮ۡ۶һǲðģֻվ˰죬;˫ЩϾѩô·
˳ĵ˰죬ƣͻȻͳһֵĶģЩֲ֡
ӽһӣζԲӡ
꣬ͽǿӷżһֻʢˮС
ײ׺˳Ҫʲôȥȴŵûë
ǰǲ˼һĻȴһˮУˮһߣѿˡ
Ȼһٸˮ棬Ӥȭͷһſˡ
ͳ׿š
һµİ
׾ô
漤ͨһϣеֶΰ
ԪӵؿһַۣɿؽǶ̵УؽǴ˹ӵĽ
ζԹ˵Ȼ似ڴˣȻЦһֶֽΣʵ̫̫ªˣҲֻܺˣڵϱѧҴʱҴˡǽһЩСߣħһԭ
ֻҪ룬˵СϷٸ߼Ҳܹĵ
ûȾѯʣ׸飬֪ԼĴûᣬסˣػүĻģй֮
͵عھǰϲүϲүǴ֮װ
Ļ˳һŪԴԺ״ʱЩջ𣺡ʲô
ɣǰҲ飬оסҲЩࡣղſɵֶΣмһʱ飬ˡҽһԣ˵òԣܴ
ŭֱӣ˵˵ɵĲϣ潫ȥ
ǡ׵˵ͷүϣͷŷ̳֮ǰⲻϼӰⲻǴ󼪻ʲô
ųǰƶ˼ŲүǰͶأݺݵؿ˾Ÿͷ
Ѿ˳ԾĴݾߵˡ
㡭쵰˵ʲôɫ䣬͵վ߹ȥ׼
һΣȴҧסΡ
ߣڱǰӲĽһ䵽ϡ
ƫƫһ
Լߵˡ
ˣСк׾Ȼ˵ȴ治֮ԣȥεˡ
ȵȣ˵ˡ˳ͻȻ˵仰
һ¶ϲ˻棡
˳ӻ࿴һۣȻ϶ص˵ͷϼӰףӦһ֣ϴ󼪣
ػӣνȻˡ
ͷһɣһѪſĵϡ
ѩ˰죬ۣѽᡣղгôţ۲̡
˳һ仰һ䵽ʵ
ϼӰס仰ͬˣıᴢλõɡǴȥȻھ𶯡Ϊ˸Լ鷳үûжλ֮ģȻ׻ȥ
ڶģû
ӮˣǾ߲ĸ
ڶģĺ˳Ǿˡ
е¶ģӮˡ
־ڣײŹġ


286 Ҫнʿ
һ֮󣬾Ե¼ߣƺǰڳܵľѾɢۼˡ
¾ϯҸӣ˳ͺԪղڹﵱֵѵóһˣֵܾݻҲƳ٣󷽷˾л񣬾Ƶɣֲͣ硣
үӵұ֣ĿѼȫǰĵòȻģ
ȻǸխСˣȴҲȥϾͽʮ꣬Բֻۣͬõͷ
ƹѲ˹ζˣЩŮӾȥ
Ѿ˵Ȼû˵㣬;ҸӺס
뾰ҵܻҲ˳ȥһ״Ϊܣ˵ԼүĿλôԼ尡
˰ƣҸѾЩˡԪǴˣ̲סʣүܸôû㣬ﲻ𣬵ˡ
ܸվܻˡ
һǰڱΣգ˾Ȼ˴ûͷһá׵ŭѾƽϢֹܻˡ
үʲôݣ˲۴ֵۣܸӣһѰʮô֣֮ܰԪЩ棬̲סʡ
һ£ˡ
ԶʹֻҪйأ
ŭ˭ʿꡣ˵ڸǰܵó裬ѹּ˱װģ
֪ھȻѾ쵽ʵߣ󻹼ڵĵӡ
ǰֻڲһССţԷ̡ȴ˼Ҳ˾ˣ˳츮ͷԪھ̳͸˰졣
ܴû꣬벻ھȻӳ購
⻹ǵĴʱǸɵС
һŻң΢΢
ԭڰҸ໥һۣǺԪβסĳޡ
˳ϾȻи֣ܻ
·ϣҲʹܸգǷ˵Ǹʿǳǵһ֣ͬݼ̹ڲ֮䡣
˵ŻͽڳһһͬҸ˵ˣ޺޵²ŲǲǸеأֻҪзһգȾ͵ȡ֮ͽҲ֪ﱾĺ
Ԫ񱾾ڣһӣˣ
Էͬ˳ͻ֮һӡʹڣȻǴͬ
ϧֻүˡ˳ͻȻһЦ
Ԫ;һ㣬Ҳв졣
һǰǸߵˣöЩߵ˻һһ磬ܹи³ֻһˡϾǸĳʿɲŪһü̡
ԼǾ쵽ԼʧԣŵʱȻ𡣡
˵úãΪǽʿĳȻԼ衣˳һǣȻЦеؿžϾҪˣǴǡʿʿеӦòʿɡ
һ⵹ǲðˡһ˽ʿΪ׸ʦһʿͬʿͽʿͬ꣬ΪԮӳһĹλԿɺ绽꣬ǻʵۣҲ̫ܶ֡򣬾Ҫɻ֮˾
ģԪҲŰգȻҶΪڵĲŻнʿӦǰ϶ָͷݵ顣
׵¾ͲСܷͬнʿûйϵûû򿪾֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪ĿʲôԼ᲻ƲǽԪɣҲûнʿɼƾٳϣȴ棬һϲ԰šһɳˣѹҲѹס򣬾ȥһӣվһɡ
˿УĴ֮׵ƲֱǸͣΪƳƱú޳עġ
˵úãû֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪˭С˳ͻȻһЦɱˣտƳƶȡΪֱѡιԱϵشһ㶼ڸļ󸨳⣬Ϊסҡ׾ӣ͸ӹĿѡһ⣬ֻ߽׾ӴңѡʺϵģЩĸĶ̺ڻʵߣֱӹϵǰ̣ᶯ𣿡
ԪһңڻʵߣҲûţһץסȫҶԵġ
㲻ġ˳ҡͷЦЦѲ⣬ѡʱرأ
Ϊڱۻʵ۱ǲ˵֮ԣʱȻɫ
еôܣڸĿеĵλȻҪ
һףеĿӲ䵽ϡ
һҧҲȥӣͨһں˳ĸǰɡнʿ
һ˲䣬˶˼лῴ⣬˳Ҳ㣬ֻ⡣
ȻȴǵѪϵ
վףô󹷵


287 ಲľ
Ӫ˻㣬ڴǰάϣҲ˳ȥǰЩֵĹָɵľ״̬
£ڸתģڽһֹطڼξǰĳϡ
ͬһ㳼ӵ۲ͬݹĺܺԵ÷ʮ㡣
æξѾкüûдˡ
ϵǹģѵøСɽһξѵڿһһ졣
ΪӽʵϵأҲڻʵվһգȾЩᡣ
岻Ҳסƽվ˰죬䣬Щ֧ŲסǼξʵ̫ۣˡ
ôƽʵ̫󣬹˾ӡ̫λҲɲ˼꣬Ҫ˶
˾಻û⣬׼˰ɡξЩ⣬ӳ̧ͷ
ٽڣһĴѩͣˣѵõ졣ֻҪһ꣬Ҫˡ
ﻹǺ䣬Ŵţд紵ںͼξϵĵ۴Ʈ𣬲΢졣
ڣ£ݹ˾಻רʡ
Ŷȴʲô˵Ĵ£ξЩ⣬ӹǷڸתĹһۣͻȻ̧ͷؿһۣⰮû𣿡
ڣ꣬ƹ˵¹ϵ̫󣬳û
ξ۾˻ֿǷݹһۣ㵹Ǹ֪ظߵ͵ģʵҲûʲôˣͬȴйϵ
һѯʣʱС̫ү밲ˡ
ڵͷһʲôʱܹԷɣ֮ˡ
ԷƼϣһҪ뿪ǣɵطȥگ뾩
صǣҲҪܵԼֻס˸˳츮ճ̰š
ںϵУͬԣ䣬Ѿԣӡټͬڳֵúܲ죬С̫仰Ͱģ̧ͷżξ
ʵ˵ԼĶˣһ˿ϲһ
û˵һӰһ룺ʴϲϲ㣿
΢֣Ƕղľ
һڣ΢΢һ㣬۾ŭ
ڵһЦʩ񣺡ǧꡣ
ôܿ㣿﷢һߡ
ξʶЩ֣ôǼ棿ȻڻǸоһ˿衣
Ϊ˾ߣ󳼽ύӡ
ΪһִˣͨʷضԼξ˵ѾĦʮ㣬æش˵ǰճμһĻᣬǧֻ꣬ǵʱ֪үݡռүǳһ
ԭˡξͷû⣬ʾޱʲôϲ
ξʣԼ⣬ǰȥͳһԳ¾ɵľ˫ַʵǰʣںͷʱؽ𹺵һġ¾С
˵顣ξһϲæ˴ֽӹȥֵطһ˼áʶ˱ôõģ
ҫش˵Ӻ·ͥʱȥ¥档Ϳһϵú׷ͯգһͲǷˡĽʶǰȥû˵ǵȴһСЦһ˵Ӽξʵۣͻһ⣬һӹ棬ٿˡ
ǵ˾ˣξȻݡ
к棬ͷȥֻһۣƲƲ졣
Ȿ鿴ǹɫ쵣ȴһɵζȻɹġ鼮ӰˮݣһҲֻƭƭڻʵ֪Ļʵۡ
Ȿ飬ʵΪͬ˵
óֺʵһסΪ˴ףַŵ¼Ӻ棬仰ͶüξЦϻ󳩡
ԣĶغ֮ˣЩ˵
ξȻΪ֮𣬵ϾҲһףƺ֮֡
ҲǸʵĵ£顣кɸӹ
ξһЦæٽڣ·æȴûô๦򣬴æͷ˵
ȻҲڸǰ̬ȣһͬʵ˵ŻһװŲںӷϵۺ͹ģƵĿ⿴ڣ˼ǣʲôǻʼҵһӰˣҾڻʵĿеĵλȴ֪ġ
кЦֲСӹҼңǰҫʲô浱ҴĳǺǵģ¾ͻүЩıǾҪƶȣǲܿġ
Σŭػͷǳ⣺Լ˵һūﰭʲôۣȥ
ڵһͳȥ񵭣ү⻰˵òԣڲһССԨУҪһĻʹǿˡԹǵĿɲֻүֻүҲҪд
һ뵽֪ľǶԺԹ٣Ժþ˸Լ¶һ仰˵Լ֪ôֻ֪ʵ鷳
ͷϱ΢΢㡭
ξҲһüͷſЦһһ޵Ķӣһ޵ĽˣֺαСϾȥʵЩҲûʲôҪģǸʡϵĺı£ʶ㿴Ҳ޷Ͳϲ飬ںͷûҲдЩŻؾ˵˵ΣҲĸ׹
ɫŻЩ˵ǡȻƵؼŰϵӡ
ʵʵҪ졣
һȷʵ縸ʸղ˵ھͿ쵽ˣξͷҪʵ̫࣬Ѿкüûټ˳Ԫӡʶֶڻʵǰ̺Ųά֣һʱ䲻͵ˡ
̸֮󣬾Ѿͬ˳ͬˡһһ⣬ھдչȭţΪ
ɻʵѾܾû˳ˣҸҲЩż뾰ǰȥ飬ܲûʵ۰һᡣ
ʵ۶ȤþЩʧ
ڶ׮ȴΪ׶ģΪ괺ǻԵϢ
ݾСϢڻԵܲڸ˸ףͷǸ⣬޺ȴô򷢡
ĸܲúʮ˷ٵѡһֱûֻõ֢ܶҩӡ
˵λϵȫģϵ;ͬˣ鵹Ǻðġ·ɱһףȴЩ鷳
Ҳûף˵ڸѾܹ
ףʲôֶΣֻҪܿʿ
ǵģһ̫Ҫһܹʿվסţ˵ϻĽʿˡ
뵽˼ͻȻлصҹͨһں˳ǰʱ


288 ϴ󼪴˿Ʊ
ͨһں˳ĸǰɡнʿ
һ˲䣬˶˼лῴ⣬˳Ҳ㣬ֻ⡣
ȻȴǵѪϵ
վףô󹷵
ĺǳ⣬֪Լˡ
Կƾٳ״ϸ汻ץסҪԴֻº˳Ӻ;ҲҪܵǣۣʮ˲÷˵ˡ
ײеһĻţƾʲôҪþðա
ղҲȻķ⣬񼤵Ľʺޣһʱ޷Լ
ֱһűԼŵóһ亹λǣһӦʧʩֻ¾Ҫˡ
Դ⣬һ֪˵
пһͷԺ˳Сż˼ҵֶΣĻҲһԣǰ̡ղһʱ˵ˡ
˳ȴ˰֣үϵĶǧǧ˭нʿ͡뷨Ҳǿġ
˵껰ȥ۾ȫ̹⣺ɰ춨иУҲСʱĪǿ󡣾ǰǰ̣кã
Ȼ˵˳Լ͸¶⣬һ֪ĿԼȥŪɺ˳ʲôǿõʦҲȱڹְȨλǲڵ׸
˳֮뾰ãܵǻΪۣǵһˡ
ˣµ»ھϡ
⣬´׻һδүͺɣʵСڱֵͬܡ
ʲô˳ӣҲýг
ڵĻƲ˳츮ټΪӽΪҲ͵ֲһڱ׼ıǳϵ˶ΪǱˣȴ뾹Ȼ׵ͬڡ
ҲԼͬڵĹڴͷβ˵һ飬᣺쵰ֵ꣬ƼСлԼᵶᰮ˳𲻱һƤھǱôųĶƴǹʿʿܹڿƾٳӮһѣҲġ
˵ʹ׵Ȫˮһӿ˳
һ˫۾ȴڰת
øڣСһԪ񱾾ڣҲ±çƿڴʿȴıֳͬӣǵøһѵֻϧҲ֪ʲô˱µĻģңҲͷ˱ջ𡣡
˺˳һۣ⹫һӣܲʤһ
ǸûͷԵˣҲʹڣСһԵҲϲúܡ
Ǻ˳ϼ޻һʣүҪҸһԣ
һͻȻ룺ײҵĸ࣬вǷʲôҪôһǰ̡
˶쳣˽ûкô飬ϸɡοµķĴûʲô档
ɫ䵭ͷһ
˳һ仰ȴһϲ
˳ͻȻүǰıƪ֣Էȴ֮СԷĵˣһһһһǿ֮ˡ˼һ飬ͷţҲϴүȥͷȻ˼ҵ⡣дƲҲ޹ϵ
˳һξм˶
˳ǣүԺСϴ˵ЩϧϵѾ˼ҵļɣֻܱտڲԣˣүŲò뿪ȥ֮ŪΪүڳûԼİס˵ףҳĳͬꡢʦϵάϵǶ˳Ͳ岻ȥ˵ϡܹиʿڳΪ٣үǸس˵ϻţӣȴҲ㡣
Ȼվǳ׹֮ɷһԣϰ걻˸ϳǵʱҲҼسϧ˼ҸͲʹ˼ʹףȱһܹʿ˵ϻ
Ȼɫԣܹףһٳ֪˳ȴҲöࡣ
˵ܹڿƾٳͬڽһսʤ֮Ҳһ֮¡
ȻүƶһԺˣ˳ؿףͻȻһ֣һѲǩһӣֻһۣ͵ϴ󼪣˿ƱУ


289 ǿһ
һѻʵټ˳ӣӣæʵҲû˼Ρ
ڶΪ״괺һ£֪ڸѾڼԵٸٺʮ˷ٵ
ȻԳеĴԱ˵ҲʲôܣҲڸĽ
ؼǿ¼ȡҪȡٹʿֵùĵġ
ֱ漰ǵĳɹʣԽ࣬аĿԽ󡣷֮ԽС
ڸĸǶǶ˳֪˵࣬ÿϱʱ˱¼ȡֶҪһȻʵҲѹЩҪۣػǮ˼
ó٣֪ӻʵûУǣң淭˳˵ϯĿǰľҲֻһõóֵ˲šǧҲãԴҲãҪ֣ˣҲ˼ǰͶ
ڲ֪Ҫʲôڽ۷߰㣬дΪɻдºͬûʲôϵҲ֪ڹʲôȴɻ
ʵͬ⾰Ҳ˵ʲô
װģؿ˰죬ÿһӣ죬ۼ䣬˵Щű߼ʵĻ
ξҲڹдüįˣֺܳʱûӣ¸ͬ˵ϼ䣬̬ȷǳ͡
漰ݵʱ򣬾ڹ͡
ڼˣʲôֻҪһۣܸ˶ãͶڱҲǼξһֱߴԭһʹ
վߣþûڣ巳㡣ȻھϣǱڵľܸһ첻˵ԳȺ˹٣ȻһټܳûЯܣֻʮ꣬⽮λӦòѡϧ˱ȴеĽ
ڿףĿЩʱûĵģҲ죬ֻһۣͷǳӵһߣȻЩʲô

ȻƬ̣ͽڸղǷݹ˳۾һϸؿ
ǰûпݹģ˿̶ȥȴ괺йء
Ϊ˱ɣͳһԼξ˵£ݹͬйأȻرһ¡
ξãݳģ޸ղſˣЩ뷨顣ǡãҲˣһ˵˵
ǡڱĻԷǳģղҲ̬Ȼʵô˵ˣлϲǰ˴һ飬ϸؿ
ͬĴһλԵܲڸθϣײҪֻԣڵʱ
ڸܲãˣճ͢ƶȣɽʿĴѧʿ¡ʷϵĹԱΡʮ˷ͬ٣ǺԺĹԱΪԹģЩ󣬺Ժ˲ٹԱȥطʵְԱЩԽʱʦӦϼͱȥ֪ѡĸʿΡ
ʮͬٶʿдϸһг⣬вٶϵˡϵͼⳡѪĴԲԡ
Σڶܿξλʮ꣬ʲôûȻϵ˼
һЦ滮ȥ˼˵ֻ֣һܲãܲõ֡ʮ˷ͬٵҲȥ˼ˡ
⼸˶ϵˣҲڳκһɱ
Ȼʵûݳ֮ǰ˭Ѿг
һ˺üϵĿ٣ԱѣЩʧʣ󻻽Ǵɡ
ξתͷؿ˶һۣʲôɻ䣬˭ļɻ䣿
۾ĺ⣬һګګҪǬٶϣ⣬ȴǶģղҲһ˵
ξ
ⶼǹؼؼǿ
ϵ׳ԼӪȻὫ˱еĽʿԽԽܳʵԼĻ㡣
ʵϣڸСһ˵㣬Ź
ȻǷ񶨵ġ
˵ʿ¼ȡһĵĹأ˿ȷ¿ƽʿ֡
һ˵һ˿ڣÿ¼ȡһٵٸʿ
Щʿһа񣬿ҪְֱģҲʵһ֪ءȫҲһǧأ¼ȡĽʿˣٶ٣Ҳɸ
һֻʮ˿ڵũҵأԲľˡʮһþҲΪ
һسǣĹԱҲ֪ءةˣ˻յĸǺܵ͵ġ
ԡʿƵ¼ȡĹһֱõ峯ĩ꣬궼ûиı䡣ȻһĿѧԡ峯꣬ʱȫ˿򣬲μӻԵĿһǧ¼ȡˣƽÿһˡ
˿ڱ峯ʱҪ٣ʿͽʿάÿһҡ
ڸαȴʮЩʼϲˡ
ڸһֱҪ۵ĴͳοôһֻԵЩͬѰ죬һ㶼İٵ֮䡣
֮󣬻ʵ۰չһӣĳ١
ҶһźĬġ
ǣʮʵ۾ҪѹЩôҲøڸһӣѹ̫ࡣ
Ŀܣİٶˡ
İٶˣֳϡÿһ˿Եǰ¼ȡ֮󣬿νǰδ
ʥӣͳ庣̡¶󣬱鼰ľ㡭󿪿ƾ֮ţʹҰ̫ͣƽ֮ʢξڸĳģͻȻЦЦǷ̣˵Ź׳ƣ˵ǵԸ𣿡
˵ŻֽĿ䵽ϣ˵أ
Щڳԣʥ޹ӡ¼ȡҲʵڶЩøġ
ξЦЦָָָָڣ˵ĳɶΪѣ
ڣ£Ҫμλԡ
޷޵ˣ޵Ļʶ͵ĺˡ
صʣΪʮǶЩˢá
ˢʣİʮ𣿡ξЦһæ˻ȥ
ȻʵҲܲ˵ǰĳá
ִ֮ԣҲ
ξºʣǸĨˣĳɣʮһ
ʮһгô㣿
ԣžŹһѵ𣿡ʵһӳ䣺޾ôˡ
ҲһŰʮһ¼ȡ⡭Ҳ̫˵ɣ
֪ľһһǧˣһ˲¼ȡʮһİһ⿼ԵѶȺ;ļҳ̶ȣȻˣ
ΪԼƾԤ֪⣬зĿɳôҲиʿô˵Ҳٶ㿼г⣬Ҳʲô⡣
֮٣ȴķշŵ
ǴʷѶһ԰
꣩


ڶ Ի


290 
С֣ɫңȴޡһ괺ôʤʶ
ƳȻǱںؾΪУ̳еĵλһʫҲмϮڽմʱȴҲӦ
Ѿ꣬һʮϵĻѩѾڻվڸ¥ϣӭ洵ķг˼űζһ˿ůζ
ٿߵĶӣһǰѾһȦƤԵð𪣬Ҳڽ˲أͺȡȵͽϵƤŮԼš
Ķͷ΢΢Ϻһ˿ʡ
ȷӵƢ֪ôģǰ࣬ͬһƵġ˵쳣˳δЦ
ȴЩֹܸоһ˿
֮ǰΪξæŹ꣬ҲҪҲȥԷû˹ڸоǰδеɿ졣ͬһ˹˸ĵĴ֮󣬽յôż̤ࡣ
˵£ʵһ֣ͻĵˣԺӣԵªۺһƬþ˵ĿյأĶأ߲˺ӣΪ۵ĻơһĹһĹϵ֣Ȼ»ʵʱĴ̫ȴá
ֻסϵһͿĵá
طλԴ̶ߣԷҲԶˮòҲ˵羰ȴǳĺá
Ůʿ˵Ǵʿæһӭ¥ϵŸУںòʳϸĵ̺š
ŮʿʮģΡΡֶڷһġ
йɲ²°ټ䣬ʿܹһΣȴҲ汾
Ϸˣǵһڱܲˣնǰ׾ˣȴЩá
ԼŮˣһֻ꣬ãʹ
֮ԵΪʱڽˣľ棬Լڴ˼档
ӲվڴԷķȴԶһƬ޵̣Ļ󳩡
ʱ¥¾ʹһŲȻʱĴЦʿ°
˻ͷȥʱ仹һ£𼸸ǰҲЩ޴ŷ˪
Ц֣ʲôʱģôǰ˵һҲȥӡôסľôһ
Ӻ֦ŮҲһϲ̫ҽ
ʱڼסһʱ䣬˼˵Ҳ⣬ûôི
΢Цͷһƨϣ豭һڣ˵һǰͽˡ
ʲôһǰͽˣô֪ڵ˶һæʱôʱ䣬ôŹһ˹ס
ʱЦʿˣϸ㲻дһŸңָұ׫ǱݸĿе֮ʱ䵱ʱķ֤һ飬֪ʿ˵Ҵˡ˹˵ͬҲЩԨԴǰסҲˣͬʶġ̫ҽԺְʱдĲҽͱʼǶν뽫ǰдϵٿݸĿеĴһһ޶׵ڹ꣬ȴҪһ󾲣û߶ţ벻Ҫϡ
ô˵ŻȻ򣬽ԼڻʵմݵվͨѶϵͳʱҲʱ
ϸ£һżȻʱĪξдԽִһΣҲΨһһδԽ㿴ִܲŪЩõϢȥޱ߼ʵҡͻȻӵһƪｫҽһǴڶԷֹȻ֮Աǡ
ͨƪ£ڻǷʱġݸĿз˼ٵͼͬ˵Ŀѧˮƽ֪ʶṹһĹϵʱд
磬ڡݸĿУʱӵʶôëΪɫβ̣⡣ϴȱƢ룬ǰŶ̡ƨоŸףűܡԵëУºӡ
ǸЦдʱֿһһֻӣӳ¼õëô򣬿ܻܲС
ֱ磬ʱΪǻǣǣҹӣһĿŹ⣬һĿ˺֮żĿ⼴أ֮ʯҲ
˵ⶫֲ֬غȥЩ꣬п϶гӱСϻ۾Щôȥģ
ڱ磬ʱд״ĸè޹èʱɨСöèǰˢͷףС
ʱ֮дЩݣǲԸ⿴һҽʦֵͼ󣬱֪ôЦ
ʱ俴Լ֮˽Ҳʵ飬еĴ󷸵úܵͼܽ޶ǰ
Ҳ֪޶֮󣬡ݸĿʲôӣô˵϶ʵʷϴһ
žڶʷһӰɡ
һЦҪٿ׼䣬ʱּЦҡͷʱΪ˰ѧʣʿҲȥǣˣⲻñץ˶
ӵ˾ؽһʲô󵨣̫ҽ
ʱһҽ˶׹ǡϲһƷԱСⲻҪħھҽ꣬ʱʽ£κ˶һӣʲôô۸ȥ鷳
ʱЩƣ½ȥˣ½ס˰£ǰ
ԭ½ȵȡ½ǲҩʯЧ𡭡һͻȻʵʷϣ½Ӧǰȥģôû
ţûʱ࿴ûоȵˡʱͷ˵ʵ½һ;Ȳ졣ǵҽְ𲢲ǾǼᲡ˵ʹ࣬ǻøζһЩˡ
˶ʱҽʦҲˡ
̾Ϣһŵ½࿴ȻǻġͲȥ֣̬ƽˣøʲô͸ʲô֪˻ڣߵôݡֺαشѴѳҩԼŪһϢӲд
Ҳ֪½ô֪ҽģ½ֵܾȻҵǰ˵½Ѿˣʱ俴ǰͬΪϣؾһû취Ȼ˵زҲܲȥ˰£㱣ס½һ
з½ڿɺã
ʱ䣺ãҲǵһѣʱп御ʵǰҲáѾ̱ڴֽŶˣֳϹӣӹŸһĥ˵úãһƤң½ӣõòӡ仹ãһȡǴޡ˭ȥɡ
ףΪԼһţʱ֮ͱ½˹ȥҲΪʱ䣬ڶȥ½ڡ
ҲʷӰɡ
ѵǺЧӦ
ֻų򣬻
һжȷ
ͻȻϲȥ
תͷȥȴһֻɫĺڴ⣬Ŵů磬ߡ


291 ˸
ڲ֪½ΪԼʷʱգʱӳһµζʲô߻ʷʲôӰ졣
ҲĿǰӰ΢΢ɼȻ˸ı䣬ƾǲתġ
ηչ˭˵
ͷӣָʹ½ڲûʲô̵̫ӡҲ½Ҷʱ档УһݵϻֻʣһͬеͨͷҲûʲô
ʱ˵½ѾױֲϹҲ̸κ
лЩѹ
ʵʱŹģ̫ҽ϶ҪԼ˵
ھʣսڹ£
ʱͷʿǰ½ѧʱǷͬ½Ҵ½йڣ
ǰҲһ㣬̹Ȼػش˵ǰΪ½½½ֵͬЩ졣Щǹȥˣ½ѾǸͿ˶ǰЩȻҲᡣ
˵Уʣڣ½Ĳκ𣿡
ʱ䣺ѣֲһʱɱΣҪڷҩڼҾ꣬ȵ˼תˣȻͻ½Ҳǣ½ˣʲôٰ
̾Ϣһʵʿͬ½Щ֮⣬ͬ½ҶλүС
ʱ˵˰죬仰Լ½ҵĶԹиɻ󣺡л˵˵ڻ½Ҷ˵½ҶҲжģڿɲһ֮ˡ
ǾͺãҹȻûп㡣ʱɫЩѹ뵱̫ҽԺҽٵʱʱ½Ҳʶġνҽ߸ĸģ򣬼½ĶλүҲȥ½ҳģһһ¡һͬ½Щ֣ҽģܿһǰȥ
½֪ʱ޶࣬ΨһŲµľǱ£֮ǰټһ档
׹½ͼξǴɿ㳤ķСڼξǻƵ֮ʮꡣ׿ϵ̸Ӧ˵ξ½Ψһѡ
ǰͬ˵ϼ仰Ҳ֮顣
ѵ½ʱ䣬ͨԼʵ۴
Ȼ²ʱ½֪ʿߵˣҸһ仰ǰ½κβԵĵطڿ½ϣܲǰһʥϣ
Ҳ̾ϢһȻô˵ˣθѣΪɡֻǣ½ҪȥʥȴѴлҪЩ˳
ƶȣһȾͲϳ˵ȥʵˡŴҽֶ󣬺ܶಡ֪ķԭȻ޴ӷηΡΪƷϣʸϳʵ۵ĴһòֻڼҸ룬ȵ֮󣬾̫ҽԺ̫ҽ֮ͬ󣬲ܻسֵࡣ
õǶ񼲣ƫƫҪӲȥϳ񲻽ҶȾˡ
½ֲÿҪ̱ڴĲˣҪʵۣûпܡʱȴֻܲ˵Ϊʵ۴һţڻʵۼ½ȴӦùĵˡ
ʱ¶һ˿Цݣ˾ͺã˾ͺá
ڣڴԼҲ֪йأ½Ŀǰο϶ǽ˹ģֻñ½һˡȴѣѾаȥԷˡ
ʱ䣺ȷʵЩΪʿ꣬ǰ˵Ǿ仰ҽְ𲢲ȫǾò˹øζø档ҵУ½ǽָʹҲãֱߵؤҲã֮ǰҪߵðꡣ
ĬȻҲգҵ¾ȥ¡
ô˵Ϊʱΰ˸۷ˡ
˵껰һ֣ҪǶȥ
ʱȴһס֣ЦʿæҲ̫żһҪͬ˵
ڣкָ̡
ָ̲ңһµҪ㡣ʱЦеؿڣ㲻ǼҵŪһ׵ԣڽ̥λʹ׷ţȻ̥˳Ϸ㵣֮Ȼ׵棬ǡü㣬ôҲý׹ѧֲŸġ
ʱ˵ξʮӭһ׮ϲ¡ˣǸкüѵĻһڴ
ʱξ뾰һͬԱڹꡣϢ֮Ҳˣֱ¾ݸȥԼӡ
СϢ˵ξһӾ͹Ц˵û
δʵۡ
Ҳ˵ģϣʹֵ̣ҹ
ҲǰԵ⣬֪ԼԣǷԼһ顣
Ϸ֪ÿǧǧʮиоһΪѲ御ܽ׷ѧᣬЩͽͽȥȴһµĺ¡
ʱô˵ɫȻô˵ˣƴǣ
ǰ˶ִڱǸߣʲô¡һ˵ΪȻԼԽ鶼۵ҲȻ߽ˡ
ڽڶԵҺͷһҲ̫ðҪҡ
ܹٴȥȴҲұ˵ػ
˵껰ھ˼ƣǼʽٴͷβʱʾһ顣
ʱ俴ɫ󶯣˵ŵЩ˼һ㣬Ҽ¼һ˵һֽдʲô
Ϊ˷ʱ¼ڷٶȣʾһ顣
˵Ҳ֣ڶ鶯ʱ򣬶Ҳ⣬վߣѧһ֣ء
ڴ棺ѧʲôѽⶫɲѧġ
ͻȻһ죺ѧҵģүҪܡ
ʱ̧ͷ˶һЦһǸк
棡Ͼҵزȴ¡
ʱһЦп˾ŲʮҸ㿪һӣڲܳԣҪٵ¡
ͨһʱǰԴľذϿһЦ޵лл̫ҽлл̫ҽ
ʱһЦлʲôУְڡ
ڿһͷˮڸʲô
ʱ֦һϲүϲүӴϲˣǸк
ڴһ񴥵һסˡ
ʱŮһЦĵ¥ȥ
ˣӲŴӵվĨȥᣬȴڳմıסˣүôˣɱң
ҵѽôܣִһҪҪ
Ӵŭôˣү󲻿ġ
ǣǣģġֻǣ̫ͻȻˡЩʧǣҲһʮ꣬ȫû׼һû׼ð
̫ͻȻȻû취뿪
ǣڵ˾г緹
иǲܰġ
һϲ𡭡Ǿˣϲе㣬ֻϰˡͻȻЩ̻
ʵϣ˵ڣִ׼ְҲͬ顣
ִ˳ö٣ܶ˶ʮ߰˻ǸӡͻȻ˵ԼҪְ֣տʼоϲһ飬֪ЩʲôҲ֪ԼＴǸˡ
ͨһ£ȵӵĶһ˼ԼѾǸˣҪһȫµ
ʱ򣬲гֵ׼
һ㣬û׵Ȼ˽⡣
˿̵Ӧڼ䣬鸴ӣȾϲ˼ҲЩ㱣ȵԹ緹ƽ
µϵö߲·ˣķȻڡҲ֪ôŪһʵĶѿˣʺϸӲάء
Ȼúܲȴ١ƶ縯񡢱Ģǳ
ʱʳԵޣ˵ԼԴӼľڵ֮մֲ赭ʢͷһ⡣ңö˷ǳ䵭ȴ飬ټ
ʱ䣺ЩɻˣܾʲôطԾ
Ȼù緹þߵǰ΢һʩΪԼʩģͳӵ˵ͷ
æһӵݹȥԸΪԼе̥
ȴǮ˵ͷӦǸ٣Ϊ˶Сһ¾ͰϣҲҪǮֻڰæһ£ܲйɸֹ
ԭĵۺͳһк͵ʿҲᱻ¼ڰ֤֮ͨ󣬲ܳҡݣʽŮԵ¡νǵʿ֤ûֶߡڽ̻թƭ
۵ϵöûеǰһȥ֮󣬾Ϳ΢ӹüƶ֪ʱ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ͵ǻʵߵĽ˼ڰæɸʽסֹ
ڱ£ɶӱǸη֮ˣ۶һ͵˵ͷ۹ĸŹҲҰ˵
ϵȻǧл
Թ緹ŶӻؼȥԼһȥԷΪ½
ȴҲɣξղδھдǴż̫ڹСɽϿ羰
ʱѾǳ磬Ԩ̶ıѾڻ紵۲ԡ
ɽϣѾѿ̵ð˶ķζ͸ˡ
ڰݼ¡
ˡξ촩һĵۣͷϴŽڣһ죬·Ҫڿնһ㣺һΰδɺãȻ¡
ֳʱ̫࿴һۡ
Ǽ̫඼ǼξϵˣοͷϢȥʧɽ¡
ڻʵһˣʣرµĻ̫á
ξҲˣʣôͲˣģԵɥ
˵Żͱɽϡ
ҲȥرµĻСףʱ̫ҽ˵ǸквоЩá
ʱ䣬رˣξЩ⣬һЦڰڣϲˣôòǴ¡νТ޺Ϊʮ˰ɡ
ڵ£Ҿƶ˶ϲ徻һ뵽ͻȻҪһ;Щϰߡ
ɻЩŹ֣ξЦ˶Լ٣ȴӶࡣˣ޵Ҫϲ㣬ˡ˵ţʹһ˹
ֽסȴһں⣬Ӧľ
Щʧôǽ⣬ҲľֶڹŴɲôֵǮ
ڵıӵùξ۾ʵϣƽڴԼǮһȺá˵ڣξˣԽǮҲг޷ĿȰáһξԼǰǳ̹ϣ֪֮С
ξһЦ𿴲޵ĶԴ֮Ҳý˵֮˳Ϊ޺ʥ׵֮ãй֮ԭҲЩֵǮĶϾǴǣúÿʱ㺲֣Ȼɳ˷ʲˡ
ξ⻰һ󺹡ⲻĬԼֻ̰ҪʵԼӣһж˵
ξʵۣȻŹ֣ó˵۹
ڣ£չһ£֪
ξһӣãڲݵϣ֪Ż˵ɡ
΢һ½ξһ´ͷβ˵һ顣
𣿡ξͻȻЦڣϾǴˣ޵ˣ㿼У޵ڡЩ߰飬ٹܣ
Ӳ


292 ǿ
ڱξ׽Էһʼʵ۽Ϊ˴߸壬ʵͲ˵ȴڸ¡ʯͷǡʱּ尾ڣⱾҲһһдξæҲôߡ
ξзϵĲŻϷƵسĳŸԸӡ
ͬʵ۽ӴҲвüξһͨ˿һüξеʣ־⣬£ʱһʱ뵽ڡϾξҲˡ
˵Լξǻ½ܳһ
ջʵͻȻȴЩֲʱסˡ
Żʵ۷ȥıӰʶԼһͻʵȻ֮ľ֮ȴġʵȻڵһŪ׼ԣģΪδĻλ̳ߴ˲š
⽨ᣬȨҪΪԣ˳λеȨһɨǼξļȶԡ½ѳֵĽϵͳҲķΧ
ԼððʧʧȻǵûʵ۷ǳŭ
Щˡ
ɽϴƬ̣ȥ׼ؼҡ
ɽ£ǰ̺ξ̫˸ͷ͵Ц
⼸ͬڱ죬ټûмӣܵôҵĺøС
ͬʱĶ˲ͬһ̫࣬ҪôıģҪôǵǱڵĻУ̫һְҵвмĿˡ㲻ܱǣҲͬ飬͵һͨ˺ˡ
ˣξߵ̫ͬڵĹϵ
û˵Цˣ¼λ˱£һ˵ڻȥˣȿ̺
ɫãһ̫లοʿڱҲûӣ˼ҵ㻹˽⡣үӿȣʵǺܼġرͬ˵ʲôо˵ʲôǸزס¶ġү˵һ仰ЩūŵľҪŵû겻壬үû׼תͷȥˡ
𣬼ξʵ۳ɵжӱŭ治÷ϡ
ЩҪ뿪һ̫༱ܹ֣ʿʿұæߡ
ʶˣΣҲǼξˣ͹ʣιǱ·Ըȥ죿
ιͷ˵ǣҲ֪ôľʹŭүղ˼ҺһͨŭǻƹȰ˰죬²С˼ҵĿ˵ҪȥҲУȽʱά޹̵ʿߡ
ڣȥȷѾ깤ˣΪ꣬һβҪ˽⡣ά޹̵ǮǻʵԼҪʵԼʡ
ǰһֱģ˭Ǽξʵϵأ
ιʿү˵ˣãɽȥ˾࣬һƹͳ¹ǡ
˵Ļƹͳ¹˾һֻƽͳº顣
ãȥӦǣ̫һ˼ξƽľᡣ
ûˣߺܰ
ڸһ߽У̫ͷɿ˳ȥصؽϡ
ǰ͵һһðܿǰΡ
ξ˺ܹŹ֣ƫƫҪһʵްһ죬ȴŴ󿪣ֻһĵۣǺ˷
ȻѾǺ䣬ŴǴţ
ȴ֣侫صܣůĺᵽڿе̴ζЩ
űˤϵһɲǣͻȻĪĿֻţܾЩԡʱһסʲôˤΪšµ֮֡ĵʡѵΪԼղ˵˻Ҫξ˷
뵽ͻȻʧЦʵʷɲ壬ξҪԼҪô𣿻ˡ
ʵ۲ҲãҲ㡣
ڳξƽ칫ĳȥ϶ʱһȫά޹̵ġ
治ٰεҡҡͷ֧ǦʣҪ֡
ͻȻ䣬ֱĿĵطһģܺʵõǹ͢ټĻװֽֽʱ㡢ʮζҩֹҧ۸߰һ㶼Ҫ鵵
ʲôѵǻʵûĹ񡭡ô᲻Ҳ˳ŴˣɻΪʵ߲ʽ飬ҲְΧ֮ڡ
Ȼˣھչžӣֻһۣ;һ
ȻǼξʵ۵ʣдǡӡеһ仰¦֮֮ɣԹأܳɷԲ
⡭ǽƻԵĿ𣿡


293 й
ʱ˼ҹľǼʼĻԴǣ˵ʵڻѾ˾˹ӽ㿼нʿֻҪ룬׵ؾõһְ
ǣԼλһ˹ĹԱڵĿꡣֻҪ㲻ǽʿùٴҲƫŵɣֵ𾴡
ʿֵ죬һʫڣȻҪ;һ·ȥ
˵Ҳڵ£ӹڡ¹ǡ˵Сɷ򲻿һǮɷ򲻿һȨ
ڵĿǵ㺲֣ڸŲһˡ
ȻԽˣ͵һ춯صҵ
ΪһĿģΪڻԴ˳أҲʡʿбҪӦ֮⣬㲻Ժ͵ԵĿⷭȥþ졣
Ϊ˱գ׼״𰸣׼ڿӦ䣬ѡʺϵķ¼ȥϾٺͿٵĿζͬͬһݾ䵽УõķҲͬ
һһ˲μӣҪֳʮ˸
û볡֮ǰҲ֪ԼԼᱻֵһͬ˭ܲ˭Ҫǰ׼Ҳ֡
տƾٳϵĹأпٵֻڿǰһŰ񹫲ڴ֮ǰض
ȻΪһֱڼξʵߣȻ֪пٵֻ֣֪Լպ񱻷һѡ
Ϊܹһÿǰ׼ײͬķģϸĵıˡ
˵һڿԵĿû˱ġ
ξῴƺطڳϣһõУҲ֪ʲôչ˴ͷβ
ֻһ֣亹ˡ
룬϶ڻԵĿ⡣
ճ򣬻ԵĿкüף֮Ҫʵ۴һݺʵġߴӸзֱѡ񼸵һ
ȻξѾҪĿⶼ¼ھϣôϣǡñڿˡ
¦֮֮ɣԹأܳɷԲԡӣ¦˼ǣûй;أԲεĶҪѭһķ
仰ʵʷϣξʮ԰˹ʱĵĵһ
ͻȻʶԼ֮ΣҲ֪ǸǻǸҪԼҲҪָǻ鷳ˡ
͵Կɣնףӷǧ
ʱڵһʱͻ˸Լһ֣뺦Լ
ʱõİ취׾ԵһߣȻת뿪ӡ
ڸսӵһߣվ룬ȴȥ

ھľ֮Уξ˫վڻ棬͵ɴš
ξ۵ס
ûжˣͻƽվһƽ˫ȴúܽ
Ƿݾӵʱ򣬼ξΪ֪һüͷȴûκζ
ʵҲⰲš
ԵĿѾˣξҲô˼شЩĿھϣ˰
ճʱӦýӷżһ棬Ϸżӡٺб˵棬ӡ֮Сȵ죬ȥԺӣ⡣
ξȴûжֻӷڰϡԥǲҪйڡ
ڣξǺܿصġ˲ˣʫеһϹʹ𺳣ֱϵ·ˣôдó֡
˵ϲǼٻ
ɵһ㣬ʹЯȴδЩϷ
ΪһӵΡƷΣڿǷΧҪóҲ˵ˣڵԣ˦лһ֡
þʿŵʿӲϡȱ˲šҲǼξڵԭҪԼӽõġ
û˱ȼξĴĲõεȳ̶ȣԲ˲ŵĿεȳ̶ȡ
ϴŪǸƶȣȻֻȨ֮٣ܶطá˼룬ȴǰһ
Σζ뿼нʿ˲ŲξһƬ
ңԣξûмŽܷ⣬׼Ҹй¶ڡ
ȻΪһֱ֮й¶ӣҲͳòɽ¶ˮС
ǰڽʱʵѾ֪ˣ⽫ڰϣ׼ڲ֮ڿ
ǣղȴ½˵֮ǰٿʵһ档
½Ѿ׶εξҲ֪ģҪͷ½ȴҪʥò¾֪½ҪһʵҪ
ʵۺ½ǷСҪˣ˵ʲôξʵҲܾܾԿ
û˱ȼξ˽½ˣ֮ǰ϶Ϊѡ
磬½ӽνָʹһְֻߣ½˰ŽҪȥ
½ʤǼȶ룬ѵΪ⣬Ҫõһ
ҪЮ
Ϊ֮¶һܱЮ֣
½ɶڸɶ񣬲ɱƽͷ֮ޣ
ξǳ׵رŭˣ𺡣ϲˣǧãҲãǺ㣬ٺҲǹʺһѡ
ңͬ½ᡣ
ھ࣬ĻҪȻͬ⳼ᣬѾǷ˻ʵ۵Ĵɡ
ʱξͶɱ
ղ뿪ʱ򣬱ϻ˵˾䣺ڣϾǴˣ޵ˣ㿼У޵ڡ
ʵѾں޵ʮ㡣
ԣҪ뿪Էʱ򣬼ξ̫ȥڴ
׼ڿġ
ֻǰЯȴ
ֻҪڸҿӣվͱ߳Է
Ҳһȥ֮УȻѲɡ˵
黢ɲ˵ģǼξԸ
ڸĿûһۣӵһߡξһ㶣ʿ굹ǾȻܲ³ǿԵĿ
Ҫ뿪ξ̾ϢһϧˣĲŷܳȴΪ֪˳ı֣Իǰ̡
û뵽ڸվȴһƨȥ
ξüͷøеŭڽȻ᲻ûԵĿ⣬߽ݾ๼
ȴ룬Ŀʵ׼й¶ڵģȴڵƷˡ
ǣڽȥĶȴüξһ
ֻڲûȥǷݾӣеϣֿĿһʲ˵ʱʱξȲõյ豭һڣ۾꣬ƺʲô
ʿ굹ǴݣʲôξеŭͻȻƽϢȥǰⲻ˼һĻŪЩ

ڲ֪Լʲô龳֮УҲ֪ξںľ֮С
ֻ֪ԵĿǳҪôԼȴԵòͬѰǰԼһһʲôҪԾƶ


294 
һ˳츮ʱƽԼĹؽڣڿԿ϶ϵĿ϶ǻʵΪ֮
Ϊ֮ҲҪģȻֱܾͷ˵ȥǱƻԵĿúÿŪʿ
ԣװؽĿй¶ϴơ
ȻʵҲؽڡλԵĿ٣ܲڸθףǶǺԺѧʿʵ۵ʡû취ֻǰĿˡ
ʶһ֮ͻȻЩжξԼû˵ǡУѾξԼĸˣ뷨ڷ⽨˵ش治Ϊһִˣȴںͬʵ۽ԴһͨѺͬ¡
ڲ¶˿ͷȷʵһǴ㰵аһѵġɸղ½һ´ŭ˻ʵۣξȴͷúһ
ֻҪڸ͵⣬ȴľǹϳͣ㲻ҲѲɣһҪ¡
ʵ˵ڲ͵ʲô⡣ǰ֪ĿҲ÷⾫
ξǱŽʿȥˣҲʮİգҪУҲе޻˵ٱˡ
ңǰԼоЩʵܹԼԼξӣ϶˴Լӡ
ڻʵۻ˵ǰһֱԴʿԾӣֻ迴׾һۣԼǰľӪĸȻһ
浽Ǹʱ򣬾˽ʿڻʵĿĵλҲ̫ߡ
ˣ粻ܿһмһ˵̬
ֻǴʿķ緶
øʲô͸ʲôԲӦ䡣
ҲΪ˲͸һ㣬ϾؿʱŲ衣
²Ա߿϶˼ӣкЦͻȻ˸ͷҪúõһ̽ӡ
˰裬̩ͨˣ͵һ̡
δ𣡡һھص
ھ΢һ죬˱龪סˣʶһ
ŲȻ΢ȴӲĶ䡣
̲ס΢ЦȻʱһһʮشһʷģ
죬һݣ֣ץëʣʱһдһעͣǽʶˡ
Ȼֻһ
һʱôعȥˣת۾͵°ʱ䣬ֱ֣ںǸ̽վһ磬Ҳۻˡ͵ʿɶֹ
ⳤһк컨£綬ѩ¹ͷ˼ʱڡ⼸ձ۵鿴ӷǡһʣȴһ׮Ŀ¡
ȻǷݿ⣬Цؼ䣬ֱȡĪˣģ
˶Գ֣վһ䣬߳ȥٲعˡ
ſˣԨ̶ϴĴǣ˿ȴǻеķ֮ˡ
뿪ξͻƽ˳
ںվСʱվýȷ顣
ξһƨϣŭһĳڿɶ񣬺վһ磬ɱƽͷ֮ߡ
ƽݲҰףҪǰ˵ûȴξһЦе˼̫˼ˣøʿ꣬޶׽Ūǳıӵˡ
ƽү
ξһЦʵ̫йȻмһˣƲ𣿡
ƽȻʵЦ˻һɣæѹүʵڿɶ񣬱ϳ͡Уʲôʱйˣûе¡ԣ˳ȥһ粨ʥ
ţ˵ξŲʶԼʧԣѹȥ˵ʿ껹һĸľӡͷǰֻҪǰˣиʿܵĳţǿ϶ģʮ꣬Ʊ£λãڸܹһӡջǰһۡݵؽͷĲʹһ˿رݣ֪ˣʶ壬ִԡɵأִ֣д˰
ξһͣˣȡһ֡е޲ţʹáв޵£ʹá޲޵£áев֮ˣټǰǴ
ƽһػ
ξԹ˵ǰΪ½ԣᣬʧһ̽ѵȡ˵и߽ô飿һж½ĴڵĶ塭ߣ½˽ⲻˣư
ԼķСξǿ̱Ц
¹ؼξ½ƽȻ졣Сĵ¼ξЬ࣬ذĦ
ȴʵһ˫ȫǺɫСߵ㣬ָһһСӣϰָܻ
ξ̾Ϣһ½ҪңȻǰҪⱲӶԵ½ң½ȴζ޵ģ޲вȣޣٺ١
飬ʹģŭһ˿ƽҲһѹæүûӣǿˣָΡԿɲôùģٶִ֮ˡ
ڵĲѧǷĵģȻСʵЦһԵɣ˴ţү޺ʹġԵ֣ȻܹˡǸʿ֪ڱһѣŪò
ƽЩģȻʵô˵ˣֻܵͷǣ˵ǡ
ʵãаȻûܽй¶ڣЩɽ˿ڵУ֪һɿĳӣȴòѿľİ
ξȴû룬Լǰڶɱģ˽ˣԼòԣԼˣմմϲ
͵ԣΪ˸ûĴѡûУкѡ
ƽξôʣͷһʵ۶ԻذϹҲܿΪ˼ʵ˶ĹأֱӰڼȥԣ
⣬пܱΪʵ̫ǻʵˡ
Ϊһ𳤴̫࣬ҲǴ飬δҲἦȮ죬ˮǴߡ
ˣѡ
ƽѾԤ˰ţʵʣͻش˵үĻкѡõķ뱣ʮ֪꣬񡣡
ξüͷʣ뱣ǻƽĸɶӰɡ
ƽĳһ亹һתæǣ뱣ȷūĸɶӡѡȴģǰūʱ˵ѡѡϰˣ۾ˡ˵Էôʱ䣬ҲϤ뱣˲ͦʵģҲúáǣūͲȥǸ񣬽뱣ѡ˹ȥ
ξͷȻʿ˵ģ÷뱣ȥɡ
ʵ۴Ӧƽǿʯͷ˵ء
ξˣڲҪȥ˾ֵͳºôˣ
ƽǣū͹ȥ
ڴݵ˾ֵͿºڴ̫ڵϲסͷŵÿ캰ء
Ȼд·


295 
ɵɵ˵ľ棬ڵϵһ̫࣬϶ŶƣϵĹƷͣǶĵͷ
˼ºŭɫסؿͷͷϵñӶĵˡ
һΪʵ̫֣ͷѪģһƬ
򣬴˵Ķº鷢ĴУס˶֡
վִˮ̫࣬һڳɡ
ڿף˶ǳºڶĸǼС̫Ȼǲҵʵ²֡
Ҳ֣ƽͦóº͵ģΪʲôŪó̫Ҫ֣
ô϶ˣºһӣͷԵسȥһߴһ˻ߵش̵ģЩۼòǲǣǵ˭ĺôۼֵģ˵
˱̱ڵأ˿޺ɵ¹ϵش󣬾ǽһٿıӵҲ˵ġʵǣСϹֻ֤ܾʵػ
ƨƨºϲͣݶǹ䵽ǾĶǵ죺ǲСϣ㽫ԣ˳ʲôһȺʿꡭ
ڽºͣ
д𣬿Σڲһ׮ϵһЩɫȴǣԣ
ϵѾɽ˺򡣳ºöȥԵ鷳Ҳ˳ӦҲʵԣʾõ˼ȴʵ䷴ȻȥˣδĻʵҩºʯͷԼĽţȻŭɶ
ʲôأ
ϵΪУʲôʱ򱻳һˣ
ĵͷ̱ڵأдΪͬ飬ЦŶԳºһ֣˱µּ⣬˾ཻʣȴô󶯾泳ƹأ
ºɫͻЩƹڱ̺ѵʿû
һȴûĵͷһӣЦڳйҪ̸Ǵʲôߣ
ȻǰͲ뿪ȴηº飬ͬʱĿ䵽¹ϡ
ºҲĸôղǼŭģƲסѡ˿ýݣһ
ɴ⣬ͬʱмؿһ໥ȥ
º鳯ߵļ̫Ҳһ֣Ƕȥɣͬʿл˵
ǣɵ
̫Ƕ߹⣬ڽͷʽº飺ƹҲһĿһʮǻˣãõ˿ԡ
˶߹⣬ֵֻʣںͳºʱ
ºץǱĿҲӵֽ¨û壬Ҳա
ڲɫؿڲ⣬̡
º¿˿Ϊͷӣѵõ¶һ˿η壺ʿ꣬鷳ˣҪ˵̣Ҫ㡣
ڣ¹лֱ˵ƴǡò״ŸöǷԼĴûᣬȻŹ
º˲ά޹̳ˣºѾ÷̸òôǮҸ໥ᣬ̰ī˽һӡ
ڳһ̣ĿϿҲûʲôë
º飺Ǳߵʺֶأֶϵˣƽʻ򵥣֤ݵģ˵˵ϵҪ̰ӣԼҲǵİѱǣҸӣȴЩ鷳ˡ
̾һһŭҾ;ЩԣͿʼˡ˰ᵹϼңΪһ󹦡ȴ˴鷳ңүۼҾ֮ˡ
ºŵʿ꣬ⰸۼ˰ɣҸҪǡ죬ô󣬹ƱҲšүڶҲжĿģʱһ²ҲǸ֡Ǳߵˣоγ֮ţεþһΡ
˵껰Ͳסع֡
ʱԼϡ˳ºӰʱºڲ׮ӡ
ͻȻһЦ¹̫ˣʵҲýֱӱүˣүȻ֪δáӵӣ÷ķ졣Ѳɣһǿԣ˵Ҳһү֪г¹ֵĺûᰡֻҪʵ棬үҲΪġ
ٳϵ飬еʱҲܱɺ¡
˵͸ºһݣ͵վһҾлʿָ㡣
һЦˣҵĲʹҲˣ͸ǣҪأ˽ʿԺҲܽ߶
˵ƮȻȥ
ճԷͿƽЦе˹һС
ʲô
ؼȥһˡƽһЦٲ˵


296 ڶ̰⣬ƾٵı
ʲô˽УͻȻһݣа룺̫Ц˿ģ᲻ǻʵҪԵĿӲԼԣ϶ǵġǰ֪ˣҪ©𣿴һ٣ûûҵ
˹ʿҲԲĳ˵ֶΡ
ʵôģȴû취ܾݻʶ
뵽ڣЩ֡
Էֱнηֺõذ˸ŵˣҪظ
Է۹ģʵ۳ڴ˰칫˾ࡢڸֵˣطնйԱϢ
Ϊʳ֮вٹԱΪƷߣûʸ˹ٽΣη򣬱ԴĽηڴ⣬ЩҰζζǣȥûƱɼ۸˰
ճԷĳ͡ȻҲ˵һӣڽĿ
ȻصңѾڡսԺӣ֦ӭõøϵĻҳʵϣı̬̫ãִСڵĳڡÿ͸紵ŴɹŸԭĻɳټϽֵʱնӾһɱط⡣
ʮռ춼Ǵ̫ҳ
֦øһˢһСŻҳ
үùûУȥﻹЩˣܶ
ãûθڣٵʱҹɡŤͷ˿ʣأԼһؼңӭȴ֡
֦һЦӽ˵ɳЩһֱУүҪӽȥС
˵ŻȥеĶ
ãϢɣʵ̫ɣǵЩϹڽξ͸Լľݸ֦ȴ
ⶫ֦֡û⣬֪ʲôʲô
ڣʵ۴͵ģ⣬ϲɡ
֦ȴˣ˵үռ̺ӣûõֺôò׵ʹͣȴֻһľͷʵ۸ĺôҲøЩӲźá
ڴ֪֮У˭˵أľͷô£
ʱ򣬶ӷſˡ
Ц֦֪ʲô⣬⣬ľģǰϾʱ̫үͷһǻľͣӵҫ蹩ãôãԹ֪ˣϸӵү鷳ˡ
֦һæͷȷǣȥϰɡ
ҲԱߺǺǵЦš
ȥæµô⣬ڻص鷿д򿪡
ȴǾӣһ豭
滭һֻ칫ǳ
ڣƽҲϸģ֪ϲȲ裬˸ӡҪҲһףһֻʲôһסǲǱ𣬻ûá
СڻǺϲģ͢Ȼϳˡ
ڽӷ˿ףȻдɫС֡ξơڵĹҤױִᣬǧ򡣵ҲǸֵʲôǮ
ȻֹҤȴܹͨŵġԣ⼦ױôô죿
һͻȻԼǰڼξľʵʱ򣬼ξϲͷôһʱ˼ڣ˰졣
ѵⱭӾǵʱֻ
ԣ϶ǵġ
üͷ˵Լھеһһ䵽ʵ۾ξҪԼǿй¶
Լڵûʲôܹʵۡ
ֻ߻Ԣ⣿

뵽Щҡ
ֻƬ̣ھ
ôʵۿ϶֪飬ûпӣֻһ㹻ˡֻҪ¹Ȼа֡
ЦЦԽӷһߣٲȥ¡˳һ֧Ǧʣֽдһ֡
ԴڷǦ֮󣬾ǹٳ˶ⶫǳ㡣֮ǰĥī֮ϴʡЯڳϽд϶ʹáҲΪŵ㣬һʱ
ֻʵڸ߰ǻʼãһʹġҲΪԭܹǦҲֱӴԱݡ
ڽԼڻʵߵıͷҲʮֻ
үдʫ𣿡Ὣַļϣš
ڻͷһȴ۷ŹĶӡ
ӣүʫ£⻹ǶӵһοʫأӲʶ֣Ҳүдʫȴ֪дʲô
һڴͳݣ۵ĺ档
ʣڵͷԼдµľһʱһ£ⲻʫ⻹ԼһûϮԭ
ԼʵˮƽȻʮģںҲһͨ죬ѧӺܱһĹѧƽƶ̣ʫʣǹƨͨ
ȴһдôһףѵʹȻ
о棬ͷһȴһԡ
һƨֻͨƨͨˡ
һ죬Ҫֽһӽֽ¨ͻȻ䣬һⲻʫʫ
ʫֽи壬дʱ԰ϣǿƾٿԵһĿʽþʷӡǰʫϽƽгһ֣Ӧܱƽ֣֮ʫڲ֣ׯأĿ֣֮״ֶø̻ʵ۹֮
ʫĸʽͬ˹ͬÿϡΪһ⡱⡱ɡġйɡɡɡÿһɣϳɰ˹ɣ׷ݣֻʽ˵ˣʫдһƪ˹ġ
ôдֶ˹Ѿˣ˵ʫ
̲סЦ
ôүдò⣿ظĦڵ
ЦЦֱҸղдĶʽˣϿҲȥҪȥȴҪЦ˴
үдʲô϶õģô˭Ц
Ҫ˵ȴȻһ£һʫڻܷռıȻ󣬵д̫ȴҪʹӽһȼһ׵ģŪûήΪס
Ժ͵˵ʵȴһ
Ǵһ࿼¼ȡʸʿĿȻ͵ʵȻֻʵۼһһƪ£ΪǶΡ
ԣֻҪˣȻǹȴѾʿ
ǰ֪ǿԤ׼з֣е״Ԫ¿ɳ
ȴһ׮ںͷۡ
˹ȻãһѧӿҲӿֳܶ¡Ѿ˹µķ룬ѧƷĸ߶ȡʯ˵ƷΪôʦĲ룬Ҫռ㹻Ʒȴһ׵¡
ʫֶʫʫĲģҲûкƷ֮١˽ἯʱҲȤȱȱ
æ˰꣬Ų鵽˼ƪģǳӣӦԣ㹻ˡȴһˮ׼׶ﲻ
ҪԼдȴҲδܱǼ׺á
ʫڵĶ̰壬λȽǰûʲôաǰҪ㺲֣ȴЩѶȡ
Щĥ£ղһдԾдһʫȻȻǲ̫á
뵽ڲе㵣


297 ϱ
ԽԽãȴôˣһա
ҪԽܻصִᣬԼͬ϶ԽߣԽȥĴԽ١
ϴδԽѾǰˣһξǰ¹ȥȴûȥһΡ
ҪصִȥϣѾˡ
˵ȥҪҵõʫҲδǼ׵飬ͺһ
ʵϣҲʫһ£ǣõߣ΢ù۵ģֲ⡣
¾Щջˡ
ЩɥĿǽǰףͷİ˹ɷġ۷øͷԪҲûκѶȡҪ⣬ͻʫ档
ʫãȻԼͷ£иʿҲʲô¡ëõĿ٣߶Լʫ䷴Уֻ»Ҫˢȥˡ
ƾٳϣκ¶пܷ
ѵҪԼȥд
ЩΣҲϽȥ˲ٷ䷢еԵĿĦԼҲ˲ʫ⣬ԼŪþƣ
Ҳǣһʫ̳ңһʫڵʿȴҪʫϣȥЦ𣿴»ɽȴϵ棬ݵòСӦԡ
ʱһζת۾͵˶ա
һŰ񹫲ξʮ괺ǿԳͿӡ
ǰ֪˿˭ڻһʹϵ˹Ժ㳡
Զڶ¾գ³աʮաʮ͹ԴͬС죬Ψһǿ;뿪Ҫ졣
Ű֮Ϣ׼һ죬͵õһȻ볡
յ˹Ժ㳡ͿˣӦԵľǣܶǰһӵĻͬڼ档
㳡䶯ˣǰʩ̸
ԭʿ갡СѾãΪһ档
úúãʿڵˣһΪʿҪǸ߽֮ʿмڹأ
Ӵλµʿ갡ܹͬ꣬ɣ
ʿ꣬ˣǼͬҪȥ¥˵һȥһȥ
һӼôүƤ΢졣ǰ;޴롣үӽʵ۶ϰ˴棬Ҳڷˡ
ôˣ΢Цһһֻһʦ緶λһҪȥء
оЦʿ꣬㳡ôˣȵüǰҲ֪ҪáҵѾˣǿԳǿ֣ģǱߺȾƱĺˡ
һ㳡ϺѹѹһƬͷҲЩķλԹһ࿼С㳡ˮйͨǰȫˣû취ȥ
ҲһβμӻԣԺԻġ
⼸ͬ궼ǿƳˣһ
ǣҲƴǣʹ󷽷ص˵ͷһȺ˴ӵȥ˹ԺԱߵһ¥
ƹѲ˹ζ
ȵһ̾ϢһͣСϴ˾ˣʿ֮ھԢӾ꣬ɽʮ꣬Ʊ־ڱصáȴ룬һ¼ȡֻ٣ӣһҪֶˡ
ô˵Ҳ棬̾Ϣʮһ¼ȡ÷ֳϱÿֻжʮˣ̫ˡ
оΪȶ˾ƣŭһӣдԵ¼ȡٵİ֮䣬ôͱɰʮһˣҲ֪ڸôģڸĸҲǽʿѵͲ֪ʮ꺮Ŀ
Цڸɲ
ԣ϶Ǹ˵ľ˴Уɱ֮
Ҳڵ¼ȡʵٵò󻰣ⲻΪ
ǻʵ۽ԶµģҲûа취Ȼҽͣȥɡ
˰죬㰲һβμӻԵСĵʣϱôֵģ˼ʮ˸ˣͬһȣλ͡
һȺĵĿ⡣
Ц־ⶼ֪Ŷˣǽеľ˰ɣλǳ󡣡
˶ССЦ֮󣬻ǽְϸͬǸ־˵һ顣
Ҳ˵ְһ£ϸȴ̫Ҳ⡣
һ֪ԭ̫Ԫ谸ġ
Ԫڵ֮ԿƾȡʿʵĹƶȡ
ʱսңֱɹͳζ꣬طƣĽ̲ˡ෴ϵһķ綦ʢȴ˲š
ӳϣܹоˣнʿĴϷˣʿָ
ֹʿȫϷˣһеĹ¡
»ȻʿȺһη粨
֮£Ԫ谾ͽʿƵİ񵥷ֳϱݣ涨¼ȡǶԱʿӵһŻߡ


298 ˸ߵ
Ԫ֮ʵһߣȶҪлŶԱĽ̵ĹϾÿλԵаϷʿӾռݣܴ˵Ļԡ
ҲΪְƣһٶȥˣ񣬱ʡݵĽˮ׼õָҲһ
Щĸ߿ƶȣʡĴѧһ㶼зϵƣɽֽ߿¼ȡҪƫԶʡҪһЩ
ʱɱִУˮ׼ʡҪ߳࣬ȴŻݣʵ˿ס
֮䲻㣻֮ࡣ
ôϱοԵģÿˣ־ڨЦһ¹Լ棬ɲϸѯʡ
Ͼ˼͵һ˵ʿ¼ȡ޶ƣڸύʵ졣ȻΪϱ񣬿ɿһĿֻʱ򣬰յͬձڲͬĿ
¼ȡʱʮ˷ͬҲҪӷֳձֵ¼ȡ
Ŷ˵ÿͬȻоĲʹˡ
ǡ
λ̨˵ȥΪСܽ󡣡־ûӵشߴٸλƳǰ˵ȥ
˺һھƣ˵øΪϸ
ԭ˿֮ҪձŷֱڲͬĿС
ıҲһա졢ءơ顢ġ桭˳ʮ߸ʮÿרŵĹԱ򿼳򣬵ȴμľһȴͬ
ľһ׹
ֿտԿĿĲͬרŵͬٸ𡪡νʮ˷ͬƶȣֽ徭ַ磺סʫ巿顷ķǡ
ľƶȱȴҪѧöࡣ
ңͬҲʿǱѧ壬ˮ׼ҲǳߣȻ©һõ˲ţ֤ԵĹƽ
ڷְ񣬲μӻԵ˷Ϊϡ㽭㡢㶫ʡֱʮһݡɽݡ򽭡ݡݡݡ̫ƽΪϾɽɽϡʡֱ˸˳졢ƽӼ䡢涨˳¡ƽ졢졢ɶȫȴΪĴϡݼֱ졢®ݡݡݡΪо
¼ȡһҲ˵ʮһδĹҪƽ䣬ÿֻʮˡ
ȵйʿİʮһžѡ֮󣬲ŶΡ
־˻Ȼ򣺡ҲǸտеľˣȴ֪ʿƻôི
ǣԿ֮󣬿Ҫֱίʵְģͬһ˲죺˵˾Ҳʸ񣬿ȥ֮Ҳ֪Ҫ߶ӣȶͷܵøةĹְܶнʿھǵʮ꣬׳ȥȴһ졣˽ʿʡҲÿ˭ɫֱӾһƷĳ͢٣ĳ·ÿˣаĲ٣˵ֻаʮһԱ
һ࿼ֻаʮһ˶¼ȡѵˡ
ƫԶʡݣЩϾʡ˲űʶʿӴǴӽĻ֮ġ
ǰоٵİʮһҲ֪ǾҪʲôģܲ÷ۣʱ򣬱Ȼһƽϣ˶ͬʱпھѾ˺üģһɫ
ǵĻҲЩͷۡнʿоĵģɾһȻ¼ȡ֮٣еľһȥ¼ȡʱȻ֮ͷͶҲ֪ζԼǺǻΪˣķҲǰҪöࡣ
һ̾ϢһȻаڡ顷徭Ͱ˹ʱ๦ȴûκаİաв˵ģͿܸܲ͢⿪ѡ
ô˵˵ľήң˵ܵģ곯͢¼֮ͣôŪ񣿡
ԭĻԿƷŰ֮󣬳͢ʱ򻹻ѡľݣٲμӵԣֱŵطθְʵԱ顣ȴʿͬʿͽ
˵Ƚʿǵһȣȴصʵȱ
ɿ곯̬͢ȣ϶ûġ
־ˣ¾Ʋֵغһھƣ곯͢¼ȡ֮ͣϾûϣˡʿ걾̳ʦַڱ񣬶Ȼеġ
Ҳͬʱ̾Ϣͷ
¥жʱž
ڼߣཻͬЩģҪ԰ο¥һ졣
ˣȻڴЦʿŵҲгüչԵʱϣˣ
̧ͷһͿΥ˵վ¥ݿڴļ󻹸һȺӡ
ѾһûˣԴϴڲ˸ͷ֮󣬵Ѿнһʱ䡣
ϴͬһ𣬱ϿҲһͨĻţԵ÷ǳأһɺ
յͬǴһϴһ͢Ƶİư޳ϵһɫСţƤ׹һֻ꣬ϵЬҲǻʼ췻գȴǲĺɫߵͷġ
ټĸͦضǵļҶֵ֪ĵϸɾǵӵܡ
Ժ㳡Ŀʵ̫࣬ҪżǰҲ֪Ҫʱ䡣ĿֲǿƳˣѾھǴʮꡣ˴˶ˡֵȵòͷ¥һס
¥вͬʶлмǾݷ粨ģϵס
һЦһΪĸҵĹйӣԭʿְࡣ
ҲҪμӽʿ𣿡
˼Ǿ˰ôͲ
ҲǰΪУң񶼲ʱĽˡ
ڿЦ
ڿΣһпȥʱԼմԽԣֶŸɵϵñӡμ˾ۻʱ򣬲Ҳͬ˳Ц
벻һʱ䣬ԼҡһΪһʫʴҡȴԼ˸ΪЦ޳
ֻгֶΣжʷ֪Ⱦνǿģ档ڵۣȴҪˡ
ƷӣڶȻǺͬ飬һЦԭװƻѶȼߣֶʿеľȡһ˭Ҳ˵ԼоУҲипôģаյӡ
㲻ǺôҲˣٰһЦֱߵһƨڿλϣ۾ббضڡ
һӻһѡβˡɽȴЩ֣׿һԵãҵڡ
е⣬ס΢΢üͷ


299 ź
仰ζأЩΣ޶˵ĶغͬƤ֡
⻰һ˵ڣ϶
ǰƵʱ˵Ƿǳ塣ʵڵĲŻиʿҲкܴܣȴǫûκΰա
һͶڴһǶǷģѾǷŭˡ
ǿĸһӱŰʱǱĵüҪӶˡ
ҼʲôڣҲǶ֮֮ŪҶԱô£
Ҳһƽش֮ǰ˭սս֮ȫΪ˵Ĺһ֮衣ʵ򣬴˹ֲŴ䣬͢ǣҲӣף˵Ҳݡ˿촹ˣͬꡣѰңǶ̸֮۵һơΪ˵ֲĻذɣ
˵꣬һ̧͡
ڣˣƫƫͲˣ׷شЦţ־ӣһںȸɡ
־˱³ľٶüڵأ촽ָײס
־ڵѣ׵ڵ۸ʵˣȫӡ
ʱоһŭȵͿͣ
û취ֻ峡ˡȻײҪҲӡ
ǰһһ죬ȵ룡
ߣôӣò˼Ŀ⿴ڣָԼıӣ˵һ䣡
ڵǱ˸ģԼġذɣǻͶࡣ
ƫͲˡ׽Цø졣
룡Ҳӡ
󵨣
ϣôͬ⹫˵
һĸҶͬȣȥֱץסļ򡢸첲Ҫ֡
˶еõĴ֣ջɡȻøһͷԣһѾӡ
ڣǣѵʿɶֹˡ
ǣүСʡáӦһһȻ滺ص
˵һĻˣĸҶͬʱ񴥵һɿ֣Ȼɼأһת
ȥɣ˫ĳ˾ڵһ˳ȥֱӴ¥ݿڵһ¥
Ӵ
ͨ
¥һƬңҲ֪һ˶ٶ˶ˡ
һһһƨɴϻڵء
ãùʹ졣
д죬̲ס԰иࡣ
ȷʵһѾ̫ȭľ裬С˵ճʮ˵ζ
ӣѾﵽʦľ硣
ү̳ġĸҶ˺һվ󡣴ֵͷ̬
׳ôһ˵ĺЦ͵شӵذһ߳ɫ
ǳ׵ʧȥǣ͵վǰͷ˻ߵؿڣ˰ɣ˰ɣҾ֪ЦЦЦɣɾʲôôҪװ¾ӣ
źЦ֣ǺܿģҾЦˣô
˭Ц˭ŻЦ𡣡
û뵽С˵ԣһ𣬶ʱЦݡ룺ײҲǴԽİɣ
ͨҪȼˣڣûǰǴδζ㡣û׵ĲѧǱȲ㡣ô꺺滹ŰϣһսȴȫӮ˹λԾҵ֮սʤǸڴһ١Цû˽ʿλһףʱķ⣬Ȼ㾡ȥҪӮɡף
˷ˣ
ʿ꣬ɱΣȥ
ûߵЦ˼ûУжһͷ˴Ĳˡ
λѶֻȡʮһˣѶͷһݡһٶʮ˵ֻһܸߵȼװ񡣾ŻҲҿ϶ԼܹУƾʲô˵ԼС
ˣ˵Ҫһǰ
Ҳ֣׵ĲѧǺġȻڳɶСɷĴҲرͻ˵ͬһȫӢˡ
ҲΪˣ׵ҲһŹԶˡ
û뵽겻۾ҡһ˾ˣ˵Ҫס
ʿ֮ѣ͢µĲŻѧҲҪ۸߳Ϊ֪Ƶû
׽Ŀûиݰ
źɣܲڲ˼Ļɡ


300 ˵©
˭Һҳȥ׿ЦһѾȫŤ
ͷеûûˣǷ軰ȲǾ֮ܣ֪Щʲôڣǵưɡԣԣԣ˸ʿɸұ֤ǰ𣿵ʱ˽ʿ˺֣ǰһƬ㣬ֻܻȥһƷ֥٣ΪҲ֪ˡôѾŵֵͣ㼸ꡣ
ͬٳɽˮеʱռ档ú֣ҪѹһӣҲһɫ飡
ƷĻ˶ӣӣ
򲻶ɫģƶԼܽǰɼΣ޹ءһԿ϶ܹҪһͷġ
ƣ򶨵ı飬Цһ䣬¥ȥ
Ȼ˵ǿţȴо쳣
ͬڵִˡ
ҲգղŵĻȻ˵е󣬷Ҫǰ仰˵Ҳ
ߺߣڻҵˡ
Ǹڱ˿Ҫаǧѡ׿ȴǾ֮͡
үĴЯ˵Ӧ˵ʿ̽ۡԪζҲóһ
뵽ʶԼؿڣһѾ¼ϵĸӣе
¥֮󣬾ͿĸҶٻظ¥µĿѾ֮һա¥ϰСôŭŤһͷѪļҶ⡣
ˣƵСǰץסӣ๫ǵû걾Сɾڰ
ÿǮ𣿡׺һһƬҶڵϡ
С͵ϰ忴ӣüЦӣɿض㵽һԡ
׼ǱղǰĴȥү˽ʹΪǿڱΣյʱóƽռ䣬ڼһһĺ֣ӶǲνʹͲνᡣɸղǾôΪΪģ˴һһҪһȺ
˵̶˶ͬʱɫһ䣬һ˶ʱ಻ס˭أ㶮ƨղǺӵǵһҲݼ̹ݴ˧һĸˣƽﱾѵһҵĺʲôɳܵ顣
ƫƫƬ๫˶񶾣浱үĸӴС͸үǸеǼңҲǺɫ裬ʲô˲ģǶˡ浱ԼǾүˣޣ
ˣƽڻ֮ҲЩȴүڣбͱղϳ˴ʱͱˡ
ԱһʿѪĶͷͬ˳ͻ֪үˣү𷣵ҲǼ
æסǻȰ棺ʱ˵һ䣬ͱͬˡ
ʱĻһ˦ͬ飬ŭʲôӲɡڰǰǸûйᶡҲ֪ʲôסү˼ҵĻġûŹûǸƨ
׵ҪγˮʲôˣҲˡ
ˣүҲ㵱ǧǵǼܹͷѣ浱ԼǧԣʵɣеǸ˹ү´㡭أסҵʲôſ
ʱ˵˿֮£ɫƳ׿￪ȥֻүҲҪܴ鷳
ǣһӿϣ˵ıˣ졣
Ƴϵʲôû㳭ҲáЦǴͬ˵һ仰ѿˮ¼үҪ棬˭Ұӣ
ףɽˮꡣ
ʱҪ¥ݰ죬ͷһȴںһھǶˡ
ϴһ˿Цݣףǵڳɶֱʱ㻹һССţûȴҡһ˾˹СܻΪ˺ü졣벻ȴɣڣΪݡ
ǳ˹εˣΪʵݣ漰ҲΪʲôѱ
ʿҲҡͷ̾Ϣ׵Ŀһ˿һıĶûУȻѾ˿ˡ
ϵļһڣ㻹ûûˣ׷¥ˣ
ûϮô˽ͨؽΣֻҪڿƳһ·˳˳ˮͷأǵʲô
ֻҪҽ٣٣ʿǵǵЦʲô
ֻҪܽһףܵ㺲֡
ܻػڵǹ·죬߰ߣҾ΢ѬѾȻҪؼȥˡѲɣվŵĵطͲڹ
𿪣һ˴󲽳ȥһӣݣͺһƽա
Ҳ֪ʲôаһʶ˵һߡ
ĿУѾԼǶˡ
ʿӶͬʱЦеЦſԱϡ
ղ¥ϸϲЧҲ̿
ۼ׾Ҫ²̨һ㣬ܴ裬Ҳֻһ֮ˡ
ʱ򣬾¥ͻȻһĵղŻֵͬгһĹԺ㳡Ǳ߶ʱһ
Ȼ˸ȵܲýפԺˣ˻رܣ
úһ״߷״̬нȳһ¥ԾƵľҲû˼ЦСˣͬʱӿǰȥһܲú͸ܲõݡ
ϧľûһҲаǧټϾүǴӺͼҶ罫һƬ˵ĺ
¥ǰҲվóˣˣοΡ
Է˰꣬ͬڸ˾ֵĵͼҲ졣ΪݵԵʣһڸֵʱ򣬶峡ְƷµĹԱûʸȥ
Ҳˣھ״ѾãȴûˣҲǺ棬סż⳯濴ȥ
һƬɽ˺ǰֻ֮ĺס
żȴ̧һŵӹǰһү
æŵ£ǰߵ
Ҳ׷׽е
ȥ
ղžĸһ֣¥ʳͶ֮һգڵӣҲû˹ʡ
׽ձһͨ裬ֻ뿪ٳ
ſͱ˸סˣߵóȥֻܺƤˣָָĸǼӰӹ
һȻүнɶԼڿԼˣȴҲ档Կһˣȵ֮Ҳϡ


301 ܲ
׵Ļһأʱү̺
ŻʱˣҲʲôϣϾҪˣʱ̣ҶС񣬱һٹҲǰ
֣Ҳ̫֣俪¡ĸûйĻȴǾ顣
ʱû˵
˻æ̧ӡӣ˿ÿڴǰλãͰ˹ȥ
ںֻſ֣Ҳ⡣
΢һԥڨڨվȥվߡ
ͷβڶûһۣȨΡ
ͺȵԽԽԶԶؾͿһĶ飬ǰ۾硰ྲرܡ֮ӣ׵̡
м滹е˼ģ磺ξ̽ڡԨѧʿ
ǰһ˵׵ĳһ˵ݡ
Ӵԭ̽־վϵ־δһľȻʿ˵Ŀģ
Ҳͬʱ̾ξʮܹ꣬Ҳʮʿƿԡճ֮УͬʿͽʿҪһʿȴǧѡ
ΪֻһǰҲ׻˵״Ԫۺ̽ĽʿĲڽʿͷǰһͬһ֡͡
ξʮеĽʿһҲʮˡһнʿͳͳ㺲֣Ȼ͵طʮ꣬Ϊ࣬һοõ
־һ󷢲̲סСԱˣǴʦ𣿡
ǣʿֲԡһƳЦŽ˵ԱֵطʱʽΪõطϵʿӺͰոʶƵʿƾڱУһΣϰպͿͽڸͺԺĴˡ
־˻ԽʿǸ׵⺺Щ⣬ָȺĶ˵ճ͢ƶȡҪڿǰͽפԺȻһס£ûŰ֮ǰκ˲һ
ǰܲõ̺ͽӣܲãٽʮ˷ͬ١
֮ͬĥ١
ЩҪôڸ󸨳ҪôǺԺѧʿʿƷ٣Ҫ̵ġ
꣬͸۵ַ١¼٣ЩƷͣûʸ̣аʮ˵ӡ
볡ʱ򣬶ҪԴöֱöණ
־ͷ૵ôˣһһٶˣö೤
ǸϾ˵ͷǰֲŴ䣬ֲŴ䣬ֻҪʿʱЩоˡ˶࣬Ե¡ء˹Աмʮ̰Ľ˺ӡˢ
־ˣЩͼĽʲô
ӡӰǸĵطľ϶аɫĸӣҪڿʱӡ
־˴Ϊ⣺ӡãʵǵ鹤򡣡
˻һ˵ڣ˶ҡͷ΢Ц
־˲֪Լ˵ɵګګ򣬷пͬʱͨ˿ٺֽģԤھ¹ؽڡϵףû벻ֻϣ̰ͼٻ޳С˿ɶأ
˵꣬ؿһۡ
ŭ㿴ʲô
Ҹղ˵ˣ޳С˿ɶأҪԺʲô취־˵ίˡ
û취죬ֻýͷ£Ӷҧ
־˵ֽġ
ǿǰͷһȿ̰壬ȻӡˢȵĿ֮Ҫ̵ʱڽĿĿֽϣ޶ʱ˾Ͼƾٿ;ʱʲô뽻ڹԺУеĻеĹҪһۿأС㶼ֻ
־̾ϢЩ˻˰
ٴҲϾǽ͢ɹġȻ͢ʹҲǳ˵һ˾ܵӵĹǮƶ˼ҳˡٽ飬ܱɽأ
ʵϸĻƶȣͨҲְҵͬΪŵȣϵȵйĶˣɼٲһи˰ۣũ
ٽȥ̻̻ĵλũ񻹵ͣٶǮҲܴѡ
¾Ǽˣ罳ۡţЩһελûеġ
ڶԽʿƵĹҲֻ֪ţ˵ҲŽζ
˵Ż׵ĽӾ͹ˡ
һɫ̧ĴΡ
ŴĽӲжơƷϵĹԱɳ̧Σھ˽ΡƷ£˽Ρ
ڻʵۡ˵ģȴнӣ
ϵĽһ˵ͬʱͣȥ
ʱ򣬽ӵĴˣһŻ׵ͷ­ǿһۣȻ΢΢һЦ
ʿʶ˵ģ͵ϣܲã


302 Թ
־˼ͰĿɨӹͺһϿأ
۾ﾹЩʪ󣬿ɼǰеǸ̽ڶĿеĵλǲڸθûʲôϵ
Ц֣ϿɲڿǡȣΪһǵֵλģۿʲôˣһЦݣҲǻΣ߸ߵվϣݲƫƫһ¹ڳԵʵ̫Ŀˣ벻׵עⶼѡ
ȴûʶһ㣬ͬ־һͬʱ쳤˲ӣ۾Ź⡣
׹󣬽ܲõĽӡ
ղΪûܼǰܲ˭ȴ֪
ͷһܲǸ͵ˣʲôҲԵü򵥣ȶȥڲϡǵдǼξʮͬʿʿһʲôԺְ
Ϊ޹ؽҪҲϡ
ɵȵһܲõǼݳ֣ߵĶǶˡһɧ
ڱΪһ˵ôҲǸ̽ô˼
ͶȥһȴһȻǸ˰
˵νٵҪʷزϡȴǣ˵ֲڱ¼ڡʷϣռһƪ
ǼξĽʿԺʮҲ̳ϵĺˣҲһĵɽ
˵ֽĻڼξ߽̳̲֮¡ɽƽ֪ͬһʡʹɡ̫̫
ܶϾֹս¡
ڽ־ʱΪ£һǮСȫܡܽ캣¶ĻԴϱ鹦ڴϲ潼𢣬ĻΪٱ
ԵΪԸȴĬˣдŸܣøĻ
˵Ļܹ֮ӸΪϵһַ¡
ϧù֮潾񣬲ԺŭСϣϵӪ
ǰ쿸ΪȻξּҪȥꡣз꣬ǸѲӣȴֹһۡǻ»ֺ봦½Ըȼ硣
˭լڣǣڻʵߣһ뵽ĻȻѳϵİһ
ĻԾܹ֮нֵλһֲַ˵ϵںܵһ죬˶ѱˣϵĴ˻ʰȶסģ
ǣԾ;ٱĻڽǰ̰۸ɱðƭ͢
ξʵ۱ͿĻĻլ˳ۣ½ԵլӺΰҲ˵ˣܹ֮˸Ĭ˵ģ޵Ķ䡣ĻʲôסĵطûУƾʲôסôã
ξͬŭᣬȥ֮һӣ˵ĻϷսڼ˲Ƿѣٵһְ
ξʾĻмɻؼ
ӹ
·ڼ䣬ڲûԷֵ֮ۡͬƽ̸۹£֪Ⱥԭί
һĻƽʱЦЦȻǽʿʥ鶼֪ȥˡһ֮󣬾Ŀڶʲô˶ϡΪֿһСˣ˾ϸϣҲҵһᡣô˵أʿ㡶ʯͷǡеһ䡣ϵɽǣ־񡯡ڿɺã˹λǰֳƿ졣ϵҲǵ죬ŭԹ˼ĵزҲ湻ʧܵġĻǸ¼ҹһ
ʵʷļأĻʧ֮׼صϪϼǡӽǧ˼իͣ͸ڴŭĻΪǲ
ĻǷģڻ·ϡ
ĻƷΣҲûκιϵҲû·ϡ
ʵʷԴ˵˳ейԱ޷ĿܣӦڻؼҵ·ˡû뵽˾ȻԼԵĸܲá
ԵĸܲÿһĻᣬܹλϵˣǳ֮͢Ľ
ĻѲ۾˾˲˾Ȼôһ´ͷβ͸Ź졣
ɻͻȻ䣬һ͵ƽ˵һ仰ۼ˵Ļӵ̬ҲǳǫóеĴԱǰ˵˵ϧͳȥ˸˻ˣΨ͹ȥ̿
Ļܹ֮õܲõĲʹо϶ġ
һڴȵز˵»ξͷ
ʵۣ֪ʲôǺ޲ýĻһ۵סˣ˵Ļһְ֮Թǿ϶˳ӵġƫƫӶԺƽúܣκζ
˵͢ɶѾĬ
˰죬Ҳһͷ
ţĻĽӹˡѾûϣʹõǶƷԱ̧̣ΡǰҲٵҡʲô顢ʿڡǰͷ׻ɡ
մһ׮η粨ۼſһ˿Ļᣬȴ˲͵ɼƽεš
˵Ҳ֣ĻĽӵʹӶţֱӿĻģ紺£Щ䣬ôŴһ˶ܲסοǸͷӣžЩˡ
ں棬ȥȴһƵģʮͷһݣɫԵûҰܣȴ֣ͷϺ󻹹һ˿ʱʱֽһ
һüͷȻҽȴҲܹ˵״ǳ⡣ô죬ĻȻͷǺȻ
Ŀ䵽Ļ߸߷ĶϣͻȻʵʷϵļءĻ·ϣӱ䵽߽ԼֱΪƽ񡰼ǴУزģһϦ丹ѣอҲ˵ԴַߣʹץԼĶӣڰѶӶץˣ
Ĵѵڽϵ־ʱѪ没
Ҳҿ϶µʱ֪
·ͬҲûʲôϵ˭ⳡԵĿ٣һ⿼ԣ
Ļʵ̫̣ǰĻʧеĿĬĬؿⳤĶ飬ϵıḻʡ
Ķ˽ǡ¼¹ġԳ͢зȻ
ߵļҲͬʱҡͷȻó͢Դܲüֱǲ˼顣
ĻһþˣƤĺԲһ˿ġһ·Դ˻ǲסس΢Ц֣Ե쳣򶨺Եá
ȾʱĻͻȻߵ˵ͷͬǴк
ںһ㣬໥˿ȻͬʱͷʾͬԴûκν
ɾʱվϵͻȻȥĻһҾ


303 ʵ۵ļҷ
ҾһȥĻͬʱ˵ͷȻ͵ֱ壬ȥ
ǰֻһ˲䣬ȵתͷѾֱ壬һû˵ӡ
ںεȵۼ⣬ղֶĻ⣬׵һһȻӲ۾
ͻȻһѲλףͨղھ¥˵һѾԿ϶һָܹ֮ŹԣǾһַ¡
ͬĻѾͨ˹ؽڡ
ѹղŷĽһǰȷĻܲãǸܹСڱ֧֣ȴҲѡ
Դ˿ʲô鶼óġ

ؿףüͷȴ˵
׼˱飬Ҳǿһ֪ѾƣĪĲ
ɶǿҵķŭȴսʤη壬̧ͷݺݵؿڣȫƣΨʤ壬ֻҪܹսʤ㣬ܹһǰʲôֶΣҪһԡʲô壬˵Ľ˭ں
˺ݺݶӣ£þûнĿŲ
ܿܲõĶ꣬ʮ˷ͬ٣ƺƵһʱŹꡣ
ͬһֵνʢᣬԹ˵Ҳһѵÿϣ档
ȵǶ˹Ժֱߵľɢֶӿȥġ
ǰ˳ϡڵŴԷ֡ÿĿ񣬸ûؼҵĻؼҡ
ҲûȤȥģֱ߳Ժ㳡׼Ҷӡϧʵ̫࣬ηʵ̫ã˽һСʱȻûȵʿٵȥͬһԵ߻ȥȨǶ塣
˼ңͷȺӻæ֦һˮ̺Լүϴֲ
һϴĭһС˵үģʱõѾ׼ˣȵطڿķıľ̿·һȱǰ֦һϽˡ
ЦЦⶺŶӣָڶӱϹһǣĨһɫݣϴαүμԣųݷǵģ˿ᣬôȴһ£򶨣
öˣҲƣˡһЦ˵ˣֻҪо˹Ϳ١үڹλĿеĵλ㲻нʿҲܹҫ档ԣүοԣ˹Ȼһϲ£вҲ޷õĵġƽôģȥ˻ôд
㵹Ƕθҽѹ˵Ҳ٣ȴȻڹλĿеԹŰ黢ǽʿܾЩοֻˣǳ׵ضء
ӣֲЩү˵ĻȻסֻ֪ҲǹòҲЩǲнʿҲûʲôˡʵڲɣһϾȥլӡأҲ˵ЩϾϼˡ
ȷ˵ͷҲЩǮˡ㲻٣ɶŸ˵Ĺڳ͢оҲһһټʿеⱲӲ˵Ҳģ
־ڴˣЦЦǲˡ˵ĴֻϵĹ磬ڴСϾЩϵɽɽˮˮ
ɫЩȻЩˣȻ統̰ǮңɱϾѪŨˮ
ڼѹЦã˺ӣүʹϾȥһˣôҲڼ縸ǰһ
Щϲģɡүйְߵˣ
Ͳ֪ڵҳƶȣֻҪ˽ʿ˺ְ֣֮ǰѲĵطʱʹȥϾˡ
ӣⲻĲҪֻҪٿһ۳껨̨ǻϲġ
Ӽ飬һѽסղŲ˵ʲôʲôģүھҪ㡣
˵꣬һ˹ȥ
ߵͨ죺𣬴ġүҪ˷Ѿ
үʲôãϲģҲҪƣˡ
ʲô˷Ѿⲻѧڱʾԡ
ֻܹԹԾͷȻһ컷⡣
á
ɳӣͷӣ˵үֻٹգͲ̺ˡ
ôˣЩ⡣
ӣ˶˵ŮУͲɷͬԺǷֿ˯ɡҪүɸ檣ưģԡҲһС檣ûʸ񷴶ҲûʸԴס
룬ȷʵϾϵһͶĽֻεͬˡ
û˵ͬǲƺûκιϵҲ̸Ů֮飬ɱҡүԺ˯鷿ɣˣԺϴԡϴˮ
ȴΪΣӴ棬Դӱ̽
ڣʵڴ򰾲סүˮ˻𡣡
ӿЦҲһЦ
ЦûЦȴһ͵ˣԭ
ӣүʲôˣ
ڳڰ֣ʾӰһ˼·Ҳæ˵
õģүȥڱڻظĦš
ڸղͻȻһͷ׿϶ͬĻģݻƽ˵Դǰһʱܶ񣬽˻ΩֻоТ
ɴ˿ɼ϶ҪĻԼҵӪ
ķƣͲ˲ͶĻԱڽʱȻϼó
ϿϵǾˣʵϣϵҲûκԼҶ໥öѡԣϵڽҪͷδؾͿɿǵԼͷ˲ס
ΪԸͬˣҪ˵ϵŹĻϸλãҲʲô¡
ѹʱûʹĻԭڻʵΪʲôͬԴܲãҲǲٷ񣬻˵ʱͬϵ˺Ͼսºͳ͢ϣϼҸά֡૵
ʱ䣬й֦˵ӽ㣬үˣھ𡭡
Լʶеβԣ֦ߵæܿ
лңײ˶Ժﴫľӵص졣
ȵʱ֦Ǻ죬ҿһۡ
ھȤ̲סЦ
֦ŵæվ˳ȥ
ԹѾȫˡ
ǰⲫһ˼ƣ룬ϴ˯ҪȥԺҪһ죬ú˯һⲻס
ʱʹԺӵĴţ֦Ժȥţ˭ѽ
ǲסϤ͸һ˿ϡ
һæվ嵽Ժ
ͿξվſڣҲûˡ
ҷ𣿡вһƵͷ


304 
ξ촩Ьࡢ˿ۣվſڡͬʮǰȣʵЩϵĺҲ΢£һͨߡ
ıʽʵ۹ԱʿɮԿɴšϼξʵŵճ˴磬Ⱥ׷Ч£ھεȻɷ硣
ξʱװ
ȻҲ˶Իʵٶܲðӵľ͸ӵģһ쵽ŵۣǡ𵤡Ļʲôģҵ
˽ԣڸϯΪξװ˵˲ٷúϵһ仰ˡ
ڶԻʵ۴ʲôûȤֻҪ䡢糯ʽҪװƷƽﴩʲôҲ˵ġ
˵۴ʣؼǱխСҲڵθڣҲò÷Լ˼Ϊճ
ͨ˴ۣͷ϶ŷһͳñļξͷȴһڣ֦ʿˡ
ξ˵֦вãλûе춼ˣŻԵ߿ߡһڣСı˳츮Ѳֵ㵱ˡ
ξʲôʱôǳʱһ
ҲЦǺǵǰȥһͭǮξУ߰ɣҼү컹Ҫ£Ҫġ
ӿʶξģȻ򷢽лһ򷢵ӣʱŵɫæɣ
ξЩ⣬һЦɲǺУҲԵġȻҪͷǱľóɡ
ͫһ˫ְһɱȻ֪ͷǱľǻʵͣϡ
˾ʲôͷүǰŸմ֮ž֣мɡ
֦ҲһȻƢãȴҲ̲סˣŭ˺ûô֪ҼһľģǿҵĴ֮ͣҹ
ãξͻȻͷЦµЩ˼һ𣬺ˣ
һ֪ʲô֮ԵģѰ˾Ƕ࿴һۣҲˬûʶ˵ȻƽЦ
ԭĻʵճҲʹͳһЩճƷΪʾ׽ڸѧʿ۽֮ͨʵ۳ԶٷʣķˣʵۻרŽ˴Ӵؼȥ˷ƽ֮Ҳд󳼡
ľϵĳ˵ǶԵȵģνʿ¡ⳡϣĹټ˻ʵ۲¹ͷ
ееǾ仰ϵ۵ĹϵۣĹ
ȨȨ棬һȨһƹʶ̬
ǾĹĹٵĹĹ١
ʵܷλٲãĹλƹ
ƽ໥໥ƺ⡣
ԣֻʵۺʹ󳼴ūūŵĹϵûпܡ
ҲΪʵʹ͵ĶҲ棬ܳԵľͳԣþáд󳼾ûʵ۴ʵѿɱӷֽ¨ȥ顣
ΣʵҲһЦ֮
ӡŮǴˣֻüȻ֮ʥַģȻҪ
ȴ룬ȴüξһϲ룺ڶ޵ҳϺ;ȻǷԷθģ˿šá
ξЦûæӭȥһ֣ڰݼ
Ҳһס֦ͷʾǲҪ˵ɫѾЩס
ξЦϣڣ⣬ߡ
ڣáͷԸȥȡˣҲʰôξš
үүҪȥ컹Ҫμӿأк
ˣˡ֡
ӣôˣӱ֣д졣
ӵղλүڱġ
һ϶ʱʧȥѪɫ
ҹɫ춼Ƕйҹճֳһĵɫ
ξ´䣬ҹдǰƮƮɡ
Сں棬֣ʵ۴ϵܵҼʲôȡַʽ
¼ңֻһڴȥԷݼɣֺα΢˽ã
뵽ֳܿ˿ȴû˸š
ûһ˵̷´꣬ɴûõκκôɱº񰮣˱⣬ȴҪȥ
߿ˣô̷߾Ϊ˵õôξҲͣһߣһЦͳȥĶȻҪʲôˣ
ڹװһӣǾͺãǾͺãϲľ⣬׼δĶӵҵıء
ôҪˣξЩ⣺ʲôʱ飿
ڣǳС檶ӻУѾһˣʱ̫ҽ˵кӡ
ŶǸģҲ֮ࡣǺ°޸յ˸ӣҪøӣãҾĸ
ڣڱȣ˱£ҹĴҪȥ
ôµĿƾ٣ξһЦǰ̣ҷĺˡҪȥһطһˣҲʡ
пһԼЩʲô
ѵʵҪȥ½
ֻһֿܡ
Ͼ½ǼξС浽ѣ鲻ν
ϴ½ʵ۴ţ˵ǰξһ档ʱʵ۲ȻŭҲǣ
ʮ죬ʵ½ľ飬иˣǾȥ½һˡ
ϧʵۺ½Ҳܼŵġǵһһ̳Ȼ󲨡
ҲΪʵ۲Żȡ΢˽ķʽ
ξҪ½ȥǣҪڣ
賿͵𴲣ڰĵ֮ǰȥԺ㳡Ŷ볡
뵽ƣ̲סе⡣
󻹺ãһȴֲԣоִ·һźֵĻơ
ľֲɵ˳˳ƶΪȻȤɡľʼͣ񣬹һ㶼
ʵ͸ʱΪⶫֵǮڴʧҲûϸ˳Ӹ˶ӣ֪ʲô
ҹֵߵ˼һȼŵƻǡ·һûйŵĵ̣Ͷĵƹ⣬ڳϿһۡ
һŷ֣ԼղĻԭһС֣ţɰбԡ
һʫʫ䣬ȴʶġǽеԻӵܡȫʫǡͤͤɽɣɪɪз硣һʢ֦һξ˪࣬곤ɰбԡ
ʫдĽڲ٣ñķʽӵܷܷͼǿ
˵Ҳ̫༸ʮĹ⾰ʵ֮нξ͵鷨ҵڶǿģһʫּʶá
˼Уںͼξߵϡ
ʱ򣬶һ̧ӣǰģĻ
ںͼξһȣʲôˣҹڽǼ鼴


305 ֣
ͻȻĽںͼξЩֲƶȣеĳ֮ҪرճţʵͨҹﶼţҪ
ȻеٵΰĹȴǳ󡣾Աΰ˵ôҲȺĶݸ͹ݻվN
ȻԱйĶ˲ԼʿαҹΣξٱ£Ӱˣ
йŵѧҲǳֻʣ¡̫𣬶ͬվڸɽ֮ƽһ籡̫̫ʧˡ
ʵ۱Ͼ΢˽ãִҹڽҹ䣬˳ȥ͵űԹŵĿˮɡ
ңǶ̧شΣȻƷϵĴԱһ϶ʶξģ´һ棬δЩΡ
ξȻǸǿľһ뵽ĹǵҲЩָָǶӣڵ㣬㶨
˵ڣʵ۵һЦʶԼѧԼ˴֪꣬оӰ졣
˵껰ξ˵ֱӰȥˡ
Ҳۼ⣬ξ춯Ǿ裺վס˵أǵˣ
ûа취ֻӲͷƤȥȵʲôסڡ
ʱûʲôԼĹõˣô˵ϻһԨУͷΣƷͣȴҲǹ١
ȴ룬ȴЦһʲôˣ֪˭𣬸Գƴˡ
ô£ͣ洫һϵԵЩͷͼ롣
۳һæߵǰͷظϵĻǰ淢м֮ˣСһʣ֪һٶ
϶֡ڴһڸмġԺʶѾפԺʣµľֻž͸߹Ҳ֪һ
ŶǸԱǰػĸŵģҹĳʲôƾ֤еԵøǼ룬ʾڽƢǳá
ǰȥϣԨ󡣡
˵ͽҵĿɳԷƵ˹ȥ
˵ʲôʱڸĹˣմڸֵôͲ֪ˡˣ¶һķĹ
ŶƷ쳯¶·̺һɼ
һ룬˫Ŀ
֪ڸž߱۳ŷӡ򣬺Ҳҥ֮ţһĵʷѧҿ֤ʵž˽ӡȻⶼ޻̸֮ȴ˵Ž곤಻
ݣǸͲŸϡ
û´Ǹ߹ɡ
ڵһЦ߸ϲʶ¹٣¹ȴ֪㡣ڣȷʵԨ󵱲
ڣĳ˵ˣϸ㲻ǻҸͶоûҾǸ߹ӹеӣ߹˿һֽӻڡ
ǳҲǶˣйְҹĴŸڽʲô
ףǵأͻȻͽһڼæͷһξȴˡ
ЩΣֻÿЦһҾ߸ϣԷֵҵ󣬾ҹ˹ȥ
߹صغһ㲻һŪѣʲôֵҹĻ˸ʿҪͽȥġҲͽʲʹ񣬻ƣЦ
һñȻžžһͨȫҵʥ֮ԡ
ݵ䣬ϲһ˵һʱ䡣
ڱƫƫ˼˵þ
һգ߹߸Ҳ̫˵ˡڻȥ½أξҲǣҹô·Ҳ֪жӣҪȥ
ȵ˵ͷҲ֪ʲô顣һаףȻŻؼң춼ˣĵ֮ǰҪȥμӿأӲ𰡣
оơġ˳ڷܣܲһ
ȴ߹Խ˵Խ߿νɫһڽαϣŭȵڣͶ£ĳ֪Ǹֻ֪߽ݾСˡȻĲųڣȴջҾ˵СˡվǻԣĳҲ֪ҪμδǴȡֲŴ䣬εʥ㲻ڼϰΣȴΪڻʵۼǰ̳裬ҹشһʿϻа˵СˣѵСˣ
˵ߴ߹ƿڴξλʮ꣬ķϣξξҼҽԾ
һʮӣԱһĻģ˼ôȥʵڲѵϣҹġ
߹Ųס˿ڣ޺޿һۣΪ֮
ˡ
ȵ߹ĽȥԶˣξ˳ûҲӣӣ֣Ƥ޷ɱҲû취


306 ʯ
߹֣ˣֱ˳֮Ϊ֣
ղһϯ֮佫յξͷϣһͨԱߵĻʵ۱סζԼξ˵ҲǼҳ㷹ʮǰ̳лλ͢͡ԺͶԺʹǣƣˡ
һ룬Ҳͬ߹Ҫθ߹Ҳ˵ȥңĹǸ͢ȶãֻҪʵ۴¡
ʵ۲Ųɵأ
£ξҲһֱ֣ǰȥ
ʵ۸ղűһͨ϶ʮֶӡΪӣȻȥڣԱ죬ںͷ
һҲ֪Զξ˳Ĭ֣תͷҲϣ߹һֱڼҲʲô˶ġ޵ˣֲʿڸ߸ϵĿУҲһ
ԼǾûξЦЦտڲԡ
Щɥڸ߸ĿУھǸ󷽡Ƶɡ
ξЦɣҲ͸ݡ
ۿɲͣЩϲ𡣡
˵Ż˻ʳǸĹľסиǿ϶ʵ۾½ġ
һƬ򣬽ϵΰǰҪɭϵö࣬ǰ̲顣йְԹΪһһˡ
ߵ·ʵֻ̫ýһȡٿԱߵĻʵۣУͷϿ㺹顣
ξ治ÿ糿ܲȭͬ硣
ȴ֪ξʵܲֻʱõĵҩ˷ܼЧ
ڲµûڴ˰죬½ҵĴſڡ
ξվסˣǰ˿Ĭ񵭡
½һΪ½ʧȥ˻ʵ۵ĳţҵȻ䣬ٲյķ⡣죬ڿȲϵ½ѧʱĹ⾰
ֻǰһƬѹѹһһ㣬гء
紵еļôɳɳ죬һɪ
ֻŷһյںҹͶŷϵĵԣƻ·Ҳҡҷ
뵱ͨƻͨһ֡
˰ɣξؿһڲסĨڣʡ
ڴаЦղ۲Ź֡һʵ۳ţҪ΢ôҲ·
ͻشǰ֮壬경已̥ȻȲϵġ
경ٺ١ξЦ경Ž֮ޡٹͬ⻳ԥ֪ȥδӡ
֮ǰûоǷ߽ȥξָָ½Ĵţһ·ʮ񼤵Լ֣ƣĶƣ·ָһɲ
ƤһξȻ½ġһʵҪ̽صĴ󳼣ˣǵңҪģ֮ǰúϢôңҲ̫ˡ
аԲˬ
ξ̾ͬһҲеԵһ˵½ʶʮ꣬⽻鲻νֻϵġһ˵ǸݳǰⶫȫûбҪٵȴǸ᲻ȥڣħϮѡڣ˵Ӧýȥ𣿡
Ҫڻش
ͽһУڰУһ˷ɿܹһϮξϡ
Ƕº飬΢΢һȻĵʧںҹ֮С
ϼξһˣڰȴ֪ж˫۾ڰн䱸š
ξ̾Ϣһڣ޵˸Ϣ½Ҫˡ
ȻԤУڻʧʲô
ξޱ飺ǰ½ͻԲѡʱȴͻȻ˹ǻعⷵաƽϾͻȥ½һֱǰһ𡭡ȴ֪ӦӦټһΡڣ˵˵Ҳ֪½¼޿϶ûκκ飬޿ɲһܹвȵġ
½ˣڴһ½ʵʷϱӦڴǰȥģܹϵڣѾ⡣򲡺ڣȻⲡִҲҩΣֻ
Դˣ׼ȻϢڻһ
ʱξԴµ̬ȡ
˵½ǼξС浽ѡ˷ǲľ顣
һΣĻ˸ˡ
ɿξģȴһƽ˵Щԥȴκθ˸ɫʡ
Ǿ仰˵ûĵģֻʯ


307 
ǣξĲں½
ˣ˿̻ʵ۵ı飬ѾԿ϶һ㡣ȴͨʷϺܿóۣʵϿ
ʷϿξһ½ǰмӣǹ˽γš
½䵽أҪǣ֮˼ξĴɡ
ʵܹô½ſڣѾܹ˵̬ˡ
ǲˡξʵۿ϶ص˵ͷ٣оʱο½ʱûΣ˵дʹκĵʡϵµʫ˿ڣκ˶ڵ
ش£½ӽ̷ʮꡣûйҲпͣҪ£Ҳ޷
ξȻЩ˵ֱӣ΢΢һüͷ˵ʱһҵĿǰеƹ
̧ͷȥȴԭΪ˵һѾŷ
ŷһյ߿Ա˭ѽҹ뿪
½Һεŵڣǰŷһǳ⣬ȻŹӳˡ
ɽȴԵ÷ǳ͵
ξ멵ķñϣͷںڰ
ŷȴʶģӡ
һ֣ԭڡ
ŷڣϴһ˿ϲæڵϣʩ񣺡ԭүô˻
һѷס֣ʲôүүҪᣬҲǴ½ҳġ
ǰھǺô˵һʫڣ½Ҳй⡣ô̫үģŷпֱȵͷȴˮ˳½ǲˣ̫үһүͶүֶڼҴְǰЩù½ЯĴҲˣͥ䳵ϡ
ǣڽ̫үģ˼Σʡ
ˣҹŷͻȻˣˮøࣺܹ̫үһ̣Ҳࡣ
ξͻȻز죬ʣû½𣿡
ʵۿ½ڳеĵλԵ϶ġֳڴһЩΡ
Ҫȥ½ҲԤ峡źá
Ҳڹԭʵǲ뱩¶Լݡ
Ǵ½ҳģ˵ҲһˣҪ½Ҳʱһͬ½һ漴ɡ
ͥĹ֪ˣһ׮鷳
ҪǣֱӣֵΡ
λǣŷɻؿ˼ξһۣȴʵ۵ݡ
æ˵ڵһմӾǰ½й֮Ե˵½Ҳ˹
ȷξǴӾģ
ŷȴˣΪ˵Ͼ񣬴ͻʹȻڱɴȴϾ׶ҲӦ츮һأΪ㶼ڡ
֮ˣΪǨֲ֮ܵ˿ʵԶΪ֮
ŷ̾Ϣһһ˺üֱˮÿȳˡŸж˵ԭ̫үĹˣܹ̫ү˸жȴû˹½
ξЩ⣺һҲûǰι𣿻У½Ҳв˹λԺգҲ𣿡
ŷϴһ˿ߣû⳯Ҳ֪жٴܹ̫үĶݡ̫ү£ܵǣοϹеˣҷʱһӬӼѪһڡһ̫үʧƣЩ˶ɢˣȥ·ˣ
ɶ񣡡аգȻͬ½үҲй죬ֻ˽˶ԹҪ˵½ҶҲжģҲим
ŶͶˣããһƬɾξһۣɢ½ʶµ۹ֶΣʵڲô뵱ԸԵʱ򣬵ԴûȰʵĶֱӣ䵽أ
⻰˵ǰ׮£Եԡ½·ӣԱնУ½а˲ʵĽɫ
ɱһ֮󣬼ξҲЩڡ
ŷ⻰ȴǲŭ˺񡣡
ŷǵüξ죬æүͶүأ̫ү̺ţ
ξȴޱվ
ŷش˵λүѾ̫үﲻ߲ݵ̺ҹ˿ڻ﷿ҹ˵ǵùٹȥ
ξȻǶڣãڣǽȥɡ
˵ŻҪ׳ȥ
ŷԼξղ˵Ǿ仰н٣˲ʱŭҪǰŤסӡ
һĽһãæŷǰɷȥ̫ү
Сŷҡͷ˵ʿǰүͶүˣҽȥֻͨǲشӦġ
ξɻͣʲôʱͬ½йڣ
ЩΣ»治ûشֻòס֣ŷȥͨ
ŷֻǿЦʿ꣬Ƭľ㹻ˡȥͨүͶүҲӦġ
ξʱͷָָŷ˵Ǳ⽻ȥ½ʱ½϶ǽȥͬġ
ǡѾԿ϶½͸ξģѹǰξҪԼ
ڽŷͷͷ㽫̫ү˼Ҽˣңͷȥ
ŷҲ֪ʿеĵλòӣֻ̾ϢһðɣȻ֪⾿ʲô˼⡭̫үּ
ŷҲܱϵһ֣͵һ𣺡뵽ŷƬ̣ȥ̫ͨү
˵꣬ͽξӭŷȻǰľ⣬Ҵҵسլȥ
½ҵŷĴҲΪţпõȵͨʱ򶼻ﾲȺ
ŷǽϹһǼξıʼʿϣͣϣʥʥϣ졣
ǰ½ҶʱѾˡ
գξһݾվǸǰãͻȻ˵һ䣺½˾˽̫أŪģ˶޾Բû³ġ
ֻĬȻ
ŷʱ䣬ξû˵
ʵ۵ıҲһƽ
Ƭ̣ŷͼܹ鼤֮󣬾ͽӹȥѹ̫ү˵ˣС˿Щȥ
𣿡ξʡ
ŷûˣرˡоȻһ˿
˾ͺã½ǸµġξһЦȥ
ŷĴ£ںͼξһ·½ҴլţҲ֪˶ã͵һԺ
һ·ϣǶûʲôˣ½ͬȥһ㡣
ںͼξԺӣŷָ˷򣬾Сĵ˵˴ź󣬸׵ȴ
ʱ򣬴һȵﴫ½ɡǡ
ξͻȻڣ˵Ҫˣ͹߶ͳ档½֡
үһϵĿ㽫ˡ۾ϹˣҲˣ߶
ξ𣿡
󣺡үµҪ
¾Ͷˣ֪֮дֲξƿš


308 
һŨصҩζʮֻ۵
һ߽ȥԵظоһǽǵ¯ų㣬ůů˺Ƿɡ
Ϳ½ŴһźҪֻϧ˫Ŀäڿл˼¡ʧȥƽ⣬͵شӺϷڵأһ䵽ϵĻһ顣
һضֽƬݣҳ
ͬԷŰ½ȫǱһˡ
ڼǵõʱ½Ȼݣ˻˷ţĿǹʣơڵѾݵٿһ⣬һѾáƤҲ¸ɬ˫۾Ҳűʯͷһ
µǣֽѾȫ˺ɫȻѾ
½ɫҰܵٻҰܣ϶һ
һϿֲıͿԿǰǷԺһ½Ҳˡ
Ǳ׼ĩڣѾ˥ߵļ
򲡵ʱ˻Ŀäִֽ̱ͼһΪֲ֫ġûȵصĹŴ½ڲ⡣
ɼʹ࣬ȴѹҪȥ
ξͻȻһȣԼվƤýָʹ޵׾ͷ죬Ҫ˷Ҫ˿𣿡
꣡½̧ͷȪˮһѾûκθɫʵ۾Ȼˣվˡ
ȻйȣֱʮȥţȻվ˵ξ֪Ҫˣ֮ǰ϶лҪ˵϶֡ãˣǰСʱϹޣ˵ʲô֮ûиߵֻ֮֡۽飬̸𱰡޵Ҳͬ˵ģһӶȥˣһ棬޲ſ˵վ
һ죬ξˮʼŤˡ
ǣȻүóվ˵վ½ȥ֧Լ壬һһǰŲ
Ǽ̶̵ʮ˵ǵһ
ŲһҪͣЪƬ̡
ݶصĺһֻڴڴϢ˵ޡ
ãԵģ֪Ǹ½ξڱ˿½ѹӣǫ񡣵ȴ֪֮װһͷϻҹ˾ʱɱԵʱ򣬾ż¶ɡڻоȼݵʱ޾׶ĺХ˵һӡ½վ㣬ҿּ𣿡
ң½ͻȻų죬ͷͱǼҲоӨĺ
߾͵سǰһڣͬԼӳȥ
ͷȴײǽǣײһС˿ڣȴûѪ
ȴѾУȻȵվ½
۾һȣͷŤԱߡ
ãξһƨϣͷǱľ⣬ڼһã½ڻ𣿡
½ͷȥѰŻʵ۵ķȴ¶Цݡٲǰ֣̿лүڲˣ
ξЦǧżһͷ⻰ʿ꡶ʯͷǡдģ͸㡣ղ㲻˵ȴ¡صĳӣҲ¡ֶ꣬ȥ졣Ҿһôٵˣȴ˿𣿡
ǵģˣҲˡ½ҲЦϵĳޣ÷·Ҫγˮ
֪½ʱ̣ѹͬʱȴԼξΪ
֮ʱܹ⳾ĶرУһǶδ֪Ľ˿ֲ
ִչػһ˵ԱڲȥǰǶʱ䶼ߵôݰߵ档
ò˵ξڵ½һ̵֣ܹʱڼ½ĵ׵һĺ;ǿ
Ȼֶʵ̫ңҲ̫ˡ
˾ͺãˡȴ԰ɡξȻһЦеڼϺݺһã죺½ڣڵ໹һʱûлץ˵֪϶ҪǰҪۣһףʱʶϣ档
ãȻô˵Ͷ˵һ䡣ܲ½ָ̽ʹһְ
ܡǡһڼϣ׾ָʹѡԱǹɲܲġУ֮ĶӺǿɶҪɥģȥְ񡣡
ǣҾ֪үӦģ½ǧҲá˵½ЦЦǿϻɥꡣ¿һּ顣
㻹뱣סǵְλ׼ڼϡ
У϶ܿ԰ɡҪͶ½òãյϣүҵү
½Զݵ½
յĿ뱣סĵﰡ׼ξӦһһڼϡ
ѹͬʱȴһĪĺЦ
˾ۼ½Ҫˣȴ̼һּۻۡ
Ǿû취ˡ½ͷ̾Ϣһֻܳ²ˣ
Ŷ˵
½ΨһĿİɣǰ֮ڻʵǰڳһ̷ģΪһ̵档
Ҳˡ
½ͻȻظȥ漣شǶҳһָĦ˰죬ŵҪȥݣѾм½еĳˣǩֻѺֻͳͼЧʥϴ׼˳һ󡣡
ξȴûȥодʲôԾ˵½㲻۾ϹôܴôнǼװİɣ
½ֱȴԡ
Լڲʧ½ϵĺˮ࣬ͷа
γϲЧȫ֮˸
̲ס뺰һҪˣ㣡
£½ϹˡĿä֮ˣȴ顣˿ңҳÿķͬʲͬҲͬͨģ½ȴֱܷ󡣡
½ͷתڣ΢΢ͷ
ξһˣű紵ͬ鲻һ׾ҳڣϸĵģϸҲһֲܡ
½Ҳ΢Цˣ£ֻˬǰδеãֻѾ֧Ųȥˡ

ξһ㼱ʲô޻û뿪㻹ʱ򡣽˵һû⣬޾׼ˡ
лꡣ½꣬½Ϊ½ҵ޹ʲǸ밲һҲûдءӻƣҲТϣһƤ½г߹飬½弮½ˬΪӻ飬ҳߣʹ½Ҽߡϱ˳츮ţһӴ½޹ϵ
ھĿɿڴ
Ȼ뱣ס½ҵһ簡ξ⣬ڰգãȴ˳Ӹڣȴ²ȥ֣հհգ׼ˣ
漴߳ȥ
һĸ𣺡ҷΪ¯⣬컯ΪΪ̿⣬ΪͭɢϢ⣬гǧ⣬δʼмȻΪ⣬ңΪ⣬ֺ㻼С֪˽⣬˹ͨ˴⣬޲ɡ
Ǹ¯ӣջĹˣȼϣϵһж¯бұһ
ԣԿࡣ
½ˡæ֣½
ȴ½ŹվſڣżξԶȥķ
Ƕ죬˫ѾϹ۾ﾹ
Ҳ֪ǹ⣬⡣
ȴˡ


309 
ŷĴ£ξ߹·½
ҹѾˣξǰƮƮţҸ赱ޡ
ͲӺǱߴĴŨصˮһж΢ķΧ
ϵ貣˸һʱյıա
޼ΪˣΪ
Ϣȴ޴ڣϵȷѿҹɫҲµš
һƬƿۼξγХȴû˹ʡ
غغ

ͻȻһ˵ļȡ
һǿļξֱ֮ˡ
Ϊ֪һɣ
غغ
ڴХȻǷޡ
˽ֶˣһ˵ˡ·ֻϲŭɫŷǵ
ξ󱯴ʹѲϻʼҵơ
ãξվˣǰĺˮ
¡
ξת۾⣬䵽ϵ⣺ǵ޽̳дλʱơ꣬˵讣ڰ½ʱֵƣΪͻһֵܡֻҪһţҾǾ͸ɡ֪ף⡣
⣬⣬ٺ١ξںӱߵһ˨ϣЦܾ⣬Դ˻ʵۣ͢͸ӶԶĹٶԶڶʵ۰һҲͣ
ס飬һʵ˵˵ûбҪ˵ݳޣ֪ΣӦںһ̫ƽүҲ
ͷͷϵǿգϴһ˿Цݣǻ䣬꣬СʱǸ첻µزµģﲻܳһţ羿ôǺεȵľʡһΣں͵͵ش˳ȥ졣ʵڶסˣȥũ͵˷֡ޱһȭ½ȴܲˣˡ
ξ˵λ϶Ҳûص㡣ֻܲȴҲ졣
ξ޺½ץޱϾǻ壬½ƤǴΣ޿ýˣûȥٺ޾˻ʵۣûԶΡڻͬ½͵ܳȥǼ죬ȴⱲΨһ档ҲΪܹ޴Ӵ˲´Ӳ
Ǵι޸ڻУ½ӹ޾ܡô˵ģ
ûлش
ξ˵½ʲôĻν
½ʱ͵°£ǰںͲʵӹһΣΣˣ͸ɡ
˵ŻͻȻ䣬Զ½ƻȻǵ͵͵ˮһӿΪԶС
ξʶʲô͵ֱ
Ҳͷһ£½ˡв΢΢ᡣ
˾ôںӱߣƾ¶ˮͷѶʪˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãڰУº첽߹һүѾȷʵˣ½Ȼȥ
֪ˡξͷ۾ˮ
۾ά޹̰īһڸ˾ж
һ͵ؼϴȥ˾ֵһĻûв´¶ȻҸ໥ᡣ
̰۱ʵȻּɡҸף˰ֻ»ǣԣʱþ
ͬ޹أںԣԨԴҲùʡ
ȴ뵽վȻбξ˳
ºش£¶Ѿˣϱڸ˾֮ѵóۣά̹հʮѾӪ½̰ī
̲סгôܣΰΪȴݵ½ͷˡ
½Ǵһ˵ӪǸ裬˵̰ۣš
ξתͷڣĿͬҪˡ
򰡡
ΪһףξȻ׾ԣĻλ֮Ҳ뿴Ϊ´󶯸ɸꡣˣֻ֮꿴ƽƽΧԼߣ֮֡
ⰸ׷ȥϵȻҪѲ˹ϵɸԣҲҪǣȥʱ򣬾ṥδĴһ
£½ףһٲ½ڳе
̾Ϣһڽͷȥ
ξ½һƷĹ٣ôĵ𣬱ڣҲҪ׷ɻ
º飺˵ǣʮӶ䵽½½Сȷ֤ݣʾ
ξ͵վһӣ鳭½׽һ˷׷ߡ
ȴɱ


310 
ǡºӦһ
ξ׼𣿡
º飺үūѾ֡
ãȥɡ
ºɿȥʱ򣬾
ԶԶͿ½Χסһݡ
żξ½ʱһݣһϧʹޣٵֵʱȴһ顣
νľνΰɣ¡£˽˸顢־ȴֵø
ҹԼ޺߳
ͽѾʼֳˡ
ǰͷ½żξͷ飬ȷʵЩˡôţҲõ½˳˵
в̣ͷת˹ȥ
һ£ڴԼǺʱһģڵȥֻ¾ҪȥԺʱЩż
ɻʵû˵ߣΪĽֻиżķݶ
ͻȻ䣬гһͷºڳ½ң⣬е½˶ᱻ½ҵҲܵи̡
ǼΪ˱С㣬·ӣŽ½ҡ½ҳ£϶ᱻ֮ͻؽ̷˾ġ
Ľ룬Ҳȥ롣
һ뵽ʱϱɫε취嵾ȳȥǡ
ξεȵľɫ쳣һڣ㼱Żؼ𣿡
ֻСĵػشرµĻîʱȥԺȻ볡μӻʦأʱѹ볼ļԶŻȥҲ֪ʲôʱʰȥԺֻ¸ϲϿԡ
һΪ嵵ǣ뵽ʼĻԣڶͷкˮ¶ˮһֻһ
ţԭŻ԰ҲǲģգҲˣڼݻعһ֣һԶ̧˹
ξϲڳһûδСһ¡ϿӽһʱһһУҲܹԻʵ۲Ӱ졣
ƽΪ˵͵ҲûύȨȻûнԼϵͰס˵ʱ٣һʱ䣬һã֪Ǻá
ʵ۵ϴͻȻعͷ㻹ȥ
ֳһ̫ģ˵ûУ̫Ϲһڸֵһ⺷ȻǹִгĶӡ
үĻūŴˡ
ξͷڼŻؼҸϿȥסˣɱʱڵĿƾ٣ȴ޵һʧ
ӻش𣺡үģ˵¡
ȼξȥǶǣ˿ɻȥ
йȻԴ£ܶ˶岻Ȳ֣Ծİһ߱۳ǷӻЩġ
껰ȴڽһģӲˣˣ
Ҳ֪Ƕ˭˵ġ
һȥȴںݺݵȭͷͷȫһ
˼˼Σ˼ˡ˼䡪֪ΣվͶ㿪Σգ˼Σ㵽˼Ҷעĵط˼ˣлᣬ룬ǰˡģȴ㲻ȥҲûʱȥ롣
ֺһˣôˣ
ѹһ룺ܼܼԽԽ벻ýֳҵǳº飬ڳºﻹеӣȴûɽˮĵزˣֻ¾ˡ
ȥº飬һͬҲǷ֮δؿϸӡŮξǡºβüξ⣬ϼ޻ӣֻ²ȥðա
һʱ䣬ЩֻһеϿɱ½ȥСȳ
ˣôˣɫŹ֣Ƿֵĵһ˿ʲôףȥ
ȥˣȥˡڿɬһЦסذͷ
Ƿ̾ϢһҲ֪½Һ˴٣ѹֱӣľ͹ˡϺܶ飬Ϊˣֻ˵һκΡ߰ɣ˵ǰҪ
˵յĻԶԴ˵ʮҪ£ȴҪһߡͷεڵ㵽ͷ˲Ǳ˴˵Ķ顣
飿ںɵؿһۣҲ벻Լ̫ͬʲôʣʲôʱʩ
еɻǷһЦˣҽз뱣ƽҵĸɵ
Ƿ뱣ԣĴ飡ڴһʷϿǺպġʵ۵Ĵ飬ʵ۵ȼΪ֮󣬶ݵĻƽ˾ӡ̫ࡣ
žΪѣ˵ʱڸ׸߹


311 
ΪͬžϵУžһ޺ͿɷУ˻á
˵δͬĪϵ
Ϊһθĸͻž뱣
뱣Ǹ͵̫࣬׺ݣ죬ʮֽᡣ
˿̵ƷܵͣȴôעĿǰҲԵúǫ
ڽгԼֺݣ뱣лϲ֣ɵ˵뱣ܹǧеȥԣ̷Ĳʹȫүǰԡ˶Է뱣Ķ飬ûŰлκˡƶȣ˲⳼ύֻýġ
ʲôʱڱǰˣһʱСһ£ɻʡ
뱣С˺εݣСĵλ΢Ȼ벻ķۡ˵ʱڱǰҲС˵֣ˡСȴ˴Ķ䡣
˵žͲסҾ
˰죬Ҳ벻Լʲôʱڼξ÷뱣ȥʵ۴¡뱣Լ˵Բûӡ
ȴ֪ȴһᡣԭƽ÷뱣ȥԣʱ򣬹еܴΪһ£Խڵ̧˳ŵõ˼ξĶ׼
ɴ˿ԿڻʵĿһֵľӡ
Ȼ벻ףȴ˵ƣæ뱣װͿЩС£ҳݣƵʱҲһ˵ˡˣ빫㲻ȴΪܵˣ
뱣ش˵ĻСıõղȥְɽ˾Ҫ鳭½ͽֲ㣬Сʱ˸ͷְġɾˣʤϲ
ڵͷԭҸղ֣Щˡպʵ£Ҫ˻ƹ
ǣ˵ǡ뱣һĸм˵Ķ飬СġСиǰ̣ЯзԸѡ
ô˵ͻȻһһ»ͷ빫Ҳ֪Ҳң˵ͽĿ䵽һƬ½ҡ
뱣ܹ֮ʷŨīزʵһʣһ֮ˣڵĲסؿ½һĵǺͼ룬βס
С˿ҪĹ˳ֻ˵һˡֻҪ½ҵֱϵӵܺһ˻а취ġ
Ծ񣬽סʣ桭ɲǶ˰
뱣˷ĺˣȻ¹Ͻɳ¹Ҳ˾ı̫࣬Ҹɵȴӡ̫࣬ҲˡСðĵͷǴǴöģͬСҲ졣²󣬵һ۱һۡ˵ļͷձ¹ǴԱ˵ûʱͱˡɶŴĺá
Ű빫ȥһ˳˲½ҵġ
뱣ԭʲôֵҪ˵½ҵˣʱһڴ˷ģСȥ죬ֻ֪˭½ʲô
æ嵵֡ݡòͬ뱣˵ˡ
뱣˵ǸãоȣڵĿҲһ˿Ц⣬ĵʿ˶Ȼ˽飬ˮ֮С˵˻ⰡһΣǣ϶ֲܵġȴ˸˰ΣǸеĴɷ
ˣȳλŮɳֱ֮ȥ㸮𣿡
һɣɣ
ףͲȥˡ뱣ҲֱӽһؼȥƲʵڲȥͻˣ˵ͷСҲðš
һʣڵΪˣСףҪȴҪЩԽ
Ͼﷸļмˣ˳츮϶˹׷飬һ飬û׼Ͳ鵽ڵͷϡ
˵ûиȥܹ鲻ǰ취ܲСôһɡ
뵽Դһۡ
̻У뱣ڴߴ٣ˣûУʱ䲻ѽҪҵɹ֮󣬾ȥһҵۣǳˣȥѵȥ𴦣
ô˵۾һæʣ뱣֪ȫµĺСʿĸŹܣ
뱣شˣ¼˾ܣ񲿡
ôǱߣƹ˵ϻҪһ˰¼Ļʡ
ǽӰС£ҲøɵԳţ㷢ȥܰˡ
ڳһãͷ빫ȥƲȥ£ȥš
˵꣬սǰ񱼡
ԭ˻


312 
ʵҲִᣬһֹ˶ͨСܵġ
ҲǰȥɹųʱΣ֪һЩ֪ʶȴ֪־ɹƥҪҡҪļһʱҲû뵽ô࣬һ·Щ
ڴ½Ҳ̫ԶԨ̶ܰȦ͵
˯ö磬ȵʹĴŰ죬һϵò͵ƣΡΡؿţõƹڼ£ųԾؽеԭˣҹˣкιɣ
ڻûشʱ͹ˣʿ꣬ԭ㣬˵
Ǻˮ࣬ʶ·
æȥſڵţ»ڿʱ䴩룬Ҳ֣ôû˯
ʱ䣺޸壬׼Ų鿴ȴʿ͵ˣ⾩ɳʲô£
ڳ½ȥˣͽڲ鳭½
ţǰҿ½ΣҲյĹ⾰ֻû뵽ǰ½׼Σžͱ˲鳭ˣү˵ͷʱ̾ϢһͻȻʲôʿǸմ½ҹģ
Ȼص˵ͷ
ʱ䣺»ʲôҪ½ҵˣ
仰һ˵ڣǸϵϱɫһˡ
ȴ½ҵˣҲõġƽĿ⿴ϵһۣ˵Ҳҵ磬½ҵļ֡½ҵˣһŻңΪ磬ȻҪһѰȥ룬ϴ˵»ȱһ𣿾ȥʰ¾ͻ
ϵȻһ½۵Ʋɹã
ڴ棺ô֪ģ
٣ӵĴǵ˭˲֪ǱŮҵŮ޵ĻݡϵһļɰȻҪ֣ȴҵȵĴԵ
ԴƲǱŮ֮ھн죬ѾŮеʦ˵һ£ȥƹĴ󹬹ۣҲᱻΪϱ
ֻҪܹ꣬±ؽΪŮеıأٲʵưܡ
һ뵽ϵþһ󼤶ʩ񣺡лˣлˣܹСۣҵȵĸ
ϵõı鲻αһɻ󣺡ֻҪǲԾͺãգ¼˾ͻʽĹġġ
ȴ֪ԼʿȡʦĵλһҲһһԾΪŮе̳һеһУΪڰС㳭һŮⱾԭ߳ӣҵĴʦＴǷŵҲһ
ϵ˼Ҳһ󰲶еϵòԸ⣬ʱæ˵ϧùٸ
ȴʡ鷳
ϵ˵ȥΪ׼һ徻ϷʹҴҵˡ
Զ½ҵһƬƻʱҲ̾Ϣһǵʿǰ˵һ仰ϵܹɢһ죬ʱлҲʷĳûˡֻȴûϵ½ҵô죬£Ϊʲôأ
ڸղˣһƨڵ۵żϣҸ̰īά޹̿˲֮½ȥİӣͷβ˵һ顣
ʱҲ̫ҽԺģͬǵĴٹҲ죬ϵĶҲİ
ףǼξʵΪάֵǰ֣þԣ˳ˮ۳½һþҲѵͷɽ½ڽӪ˽ʮ
һ½ˣҲ֪ж˻ᱻǣ⡣˵һ춯صĴ
˾ôż˵˰컰Ҳ֪˶ãԽؼסͷ½ҷȥ
춼֮ʱһ
ڻһվͿ뱣ǣһƥսһŮˣ˭
һϵһ̻Ļϲٹ˲࣬͵س˹ȥһס嵵֣ɵˣɵˣղŵˡȴЩʡ
ʱЦЦͷתһߡ
뱣ȴܲԾؿһĻĵȻ¶ˣ˺Ů˽顣
Сڵͷʿ굣ˡ
ҲǺüû棬Ȼ໰Ҫ˵
ҪСϷȴꡱһЦ빫㿴ʲôѽ
תͷȥȴ뱣һ˫۾ؿԼ嵣ȫǺ档
һǻʱ̫ˣЦ
ƫƫ뱣ԾˣǼ˵Ҳڣ̫ģûԱ𡣡
ڹЦŽСϷʱʶ
̫ҽС˸ף
ҲӵĴǱŮҲʱ䲻ˣеĺûļȷʵǿáʱȴ֪½ʲôΣ
һʣҲȥ
ʲôΣԼұʱΣɫȻ촽΢΢ȻҲǱסˣ½ҵĴүͶүˣֹڴ˵ǵ¾ͽگѺ½½ͷ񲣬ôˣЦֺ֣ǲĻᡯͳգ˾ţʱͷˡ˼Ҳǣڴʫ½¼ٿˣ˴ȱץ˳ŵ¹档죬ɪɪüʹģʹȥһһݣ׼µ
ڼ飬ѹ֣ںˣõģԺסҵƾЩίˡ
Слʿֻ꣬Ҫܹʱ㣬סȴҪ
ǰǸϵֹˣһˣͬʱľѾʰͣˡ
ʱվˣҹѾˣȻȥЪˡ
Ҳͬʱȥ
ˣȻ뱣ԱҲνڹ˿̫ûԱ𣬺ܶ鶼ûرܡ峯ʱ򣬻ʵܹ̫֮͹ڵϡʱˣһ±壬ûȥˡ峯ƣʵ۲ڻʺҹⲻ֪ƣ塣һҹߴɱϾټʵҪʩܶʱҪҩҲпܡ
ʿҪμӻԣΪ£鵽ڣи⣬ԿǿȥɡСȻ£̲סһͲҪٵˡ
ˣһ顣ͻȻԥ֪òý
ʿ˵
һϣеͷȥӻˡ
ʲôС㲻ףʵĸӣ


313 ʱ
ǡǡһߵͨ죬ҹɫŲڳ󣺡ҼҵǸѾߡ
ŶҼˣǰС˵иѾߡϾʱˣһϾĴȻִĴʿɵҲãҲã׶֮ҲãǰԹҲã벻һŮӡ
Сһӻˣ޳ȥˡзΡʲôĵҪֻҪƷþ͹ˡ
ûСûм޳ȥڸҡͷ
Աߣ뱣̲ס죺û˾ͻУ˷סˣҲʿֵʦνҡιƽ¡һҲξ£ȥȴкܴӰ죬϶ϲšĽǼ˾ǣ㣬ۼҿԴ͡
һһڼѪ
뱣ǿɣʷϵķãȴ˶һˡ
û˵ͷ빫
뱣鷳ģȴ󡣡
쳣顣
޿ˣ빫еļңѾշˡһ仰ܲ˵˵ڣڵһɿ졣
뱣Ŵͣ˵
ȴЩ飬̲ס͵͵Сһۡ
ѾǶԸıˡһŮһԼŮȾСĿ캰ѰٻԸҵģȻйΪ
û뵽Ϣ֮һ㣬ȻϲɫʿҪкˣáҾһ磬νТ޺ΪҲһͣҲиˡϲʿꡣ
ϵĻϲαҲסˣ̲סһ䣺㲻
Сһɻ󣺡ΪʲôҪ
ګګҡŮԲҪ˺ӡ
СЩ죺ʿ㽫ʲôˣҾֶʸҹӣвٶڳɻ֮ǰ檵ģʿҲȴΪˡ˵ӶĹѲ㻹Ҫ޳ȥҲã֪֪׵˶ҲиõĹޣ˻ϲٿ˵ʿǸ֮ˣ嵹Ȼûˡ
˵ԼС΢΢졣
Ŀ࣬Ҳԣ⽨̺˰ŮļĶûˣԽĻŮӣжԽ
ǰСԼͶ˽֮󣬻
ĿУԼһִˣ飬еȥңҲԾؽС㵱һִŮԡȴû뵽嵱ˣлǵ¹ۣͬʱŮûκ
˵еϢˣ檡
˵˵Ļϵϸ˵һһ޶ơ
ֻûϢ仧ֻһŮˡ
˵СҲ֪ʲôʱܺ顣˽鶼磬ͣܶ˶ˡ
ôȥҲǰ취
ˣ檱С֮СڲᣬҲҸȰһСΪвΪԼˡ
˶ӣǼˣǿİ˻ؼҵĺá
Сڸˡ
һʱɶ˵ȴõͷ
ʿ꣬ôˣСɫ죬е㵣ġ
û£̫ˣڻϲЦһСվǹ£޷ӡ
ȻŵۣȴԽһ˵
̲סˣסСһڡ
С죬۾ǻϲʿ꣬أ
뱣ĿתضŶ˿ЩΣһҹѾˣȻطЪϢϤ»Ҫμӻԣȿ͹㡣
ô˵Сžһⶼʲôʱˣʿߣ
Աߣ뱣Ҳѹ໹һʱîʱ˿ظ½ǱߣҲ̫ãȥ
ŸоһţæͬСȥ
һأȴָӣôʹӣǰ
з뱣ڣһһڵ˰㽫͵˼ҡ
Ժ͵˵ȣӺŮԺſڣǽ
ڻؼңӡۣһүǻˣһ߾ϰ죬ǶÿҪײǽˡ
æµأҪ˵ȴ֮۵ģ㵹ڵϡ
Ӽʹ࣬ҲˣǰһȴһֵѪʱ󾪣үôˣ
ԭһҹΪʱҪ䵽ϡһϰȼȺͰӲӲĥһҹĥƤ
ţۼȻȥˡ뱣ҲǱ߼ԼҪ鷳һ֣ƥսˡ


314 Ŷӵ
ڵĴĥƤӱǻԹȴ档æ֦ˮӭ鷿ѵ㡣
ʱڲŷԼ˲̫أҲ˲Ƥ߳˵Ѫڳ䣬ڿ﷢ס
Ϊ˱գڻö׾ƹ档
ƾһ̼۵졣
֪ʵһȥɣ˵ʲôֻ۵ֱᡣ
ʱȣҲͬϸ˵ҹһУֻʲôʱˡ
ʻãһʣӲŽһ˵аʱ͵îʱٲܵˣЩȥԺ
æͷ޽ӽľ裬ŻŵڴϿӡ
һæһţȵһʰ׵ЩѾͺõĽӾ͵ˣηҲȶǻſھʹүЩȥԺԺǱʵ̫ˣǽӺˣСǷ·ʱ򣬾ͱüѲʶ١
˵ĽѾд꣬˴˶ѾϤûмӣηͬ˵Ҳ㡣
һҪھӣʱйһһһֻһһƬ
½˼˵ƣȶӽӣҪߣԱߵھǶ˷ų֣˳ڹ֣ԪԪһҪԪҵҲճʡ
ףүһ·˳磬һ˳һȡ
ȻǾˣйְƽȴһҲûСھӣ΢ЦͷƽԷ˹ĵĺǹҲֵݸַҵСӡ
þүƽ׽ˣھܳ
ҲΪһƬԵá
ڴ󿼵ӣУҶС
ֻƬ̣мʮ³үģԪһƬ
Ҳû취ߣֻ߳ӣһҾлλ׵ĺ񰮣ڶôʧ˴ޱиʿźá
ȴΪȻһԡԡԺԡԿƣˡΪа֣ƶĵһССĻԣαؿñ컹
ã
ԪǺ
ھͬʱĺȲʣȻ
ʵ̫ңػſ±Ķݻޣװ̫ĶƫƫȱһɣҲ˵ķıľ̿һԼүҪڿԾʳ
ӷҲôУÿÿҪɲˣ
԰үг̣һܿھͬʱһԡ
һߺȣ̧ǰܡ
ھǷ׷׸ȥֱͳȥأȿӰˣͣ
ɴıѣٻȥ˯Ѿûκ塣Ҳûɢȥڼſġ
˵үʱͿǷˡʱһССţҲǰʱ䲻˾үҪԿиʿǳ͢ǸƷ֪үھҲй⡣
˵үһнʿҪţҲ֪ҪܻǱǡ
֪УҶڵıˣͺһһ
˵ĹάǵǽаֻүǸˣȴ֪Ѿӽˣպķ⣬ȴǲһġ
һϲ˵Լﻹмʮ⡢ҰĢʮ̳Ӻþƣүͬʱ͹ġǡôҶڣ³Ծֻ֡ûˣҲû
¾мЦˬҵҲǻ﷿˶ҵٳֺˡ
ӵͷҶһ󻶺
ǣӾȥæˡ
֦ԻЪϢھڽϳԾƺ֡
һϯֱԵɢȥ
ͬϴνԿʱӵĿ޿䣬ϵϲԲͬһΣȴûʲôõĵġһо˹Ը⣬ʱܣʿƵΣӰ֡
ڵĿԾöˣÿζǺؾˣи˶ӼģүɻоյøΡ
Ȼģȴ֪λԶԼϵش˵ʵڻЩˡ
˵ǰͯԺԽԼʿ׼ĻʿֱӹϵܷڹٳһõĿʼûнʿĹԱڹٳǰ;̫ãλҲ͡
ֻҪܹλеõʿĵԸͲ⡣
ν˵˲ǸйʿĶŸ֣ƪҲӦԵĿǻʵۣڼξĿеλҪøʿҲʲô¡
λԣڵȻоԵİգǡ޾ԣûеһ̣һжδ֪
˵лԼЩģʱջ᲻ΪԼĳ֣ıأΪڳ磬ѪƷĶһʱ䡣ҲΪóڱʱǣȻ½ӹСҲΪʱڣڹǰȥ½˽ҹ
ʷһЩϸ΢ı仯仯Ӱ쵽
ڲҿ϶ڽһ·ͽ۾ġ
һҹû˯ϾǸˣ̰˯ֻ۾ձƬ̾˯ˡ
ҲҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ڱһѣͷ̽ȥһԺ㳡Ѿˡ
Ȼη˵ǽӣˣһһصŶӵ
Դﻹǻû취˼һҲ᲻
үͷˡæֹڴӽֵȥƵˢƣֽһˮУүˢˡ
ڶӹˢͱվڽֱ߲ˢˢӣֵ볡
ͽӵһߣӦһͽһëϡ
ǸֻЦڲִգһ֣ԭүЩȥɣ
μӿԵľʵ̫࣬һүﲻãҲЩƣˡ
Ժ㳡ֻеȵĿܽȥûа취ֻý˶Ŀڡ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôѾ۾Ų鸡ˣת۾ͱѹѹȺûҲ
ܵ˵ԵĹԴһֻϸ΢֮Щֱ
ڵʱһڹԺ㳡ϴһ̨̨ϹŵдҪǰȥĿļᡣ
磺Ĵ
磺

ȵԼڵʡݵĵʡľǲŻǰȥŶӵȺ򿼹ٳȻ˿Ϳĺƣ
ȻЩ֪ʲôʱֵԼ
ſȺﴩ죬һֳסԼЦԭʿ֣͵ˣ
һȴտʱھ¥һԾƵļѡ־ҲڣԼǵһϿ쳤˲ӣһͷ¹ģ
ԭǼλ̨ʣǼλǲͬʡݵģôһˣ


315 ˭
֪ģ⼸ֱԼͬʡݣ˳츮ģ㽭ģҲйݵģϵرУпϽҲԼ־¶
һ˵Ƕվһ𣬵ȵʡĵǰŶӣҲдΣա
⼸˾ȻһȷʵЩ⡣
һʣ˲ŵȥʡʿֲ̫ʶˣ缸Ѵһ飬»Ѿˡ
Ѿͨ죬ЩֲסʣҲ֪˳츮ĵʲôʱҳ
һЦʣʿϴβǲμӹ˳츮Ǵʲôʱģ
ڻش˵˵ҲƣϴԵҾȻŽȥģڹ㳡һ졣ʱ֮ԽΪǶǣøطġ
ҲһԵĵ˳һģ˳츮ȽϿ󡣡
ڴ棺ʲô
Ǿ˼Ȼ⣬ɽ彭£ƹĸϱ񻹡߰˵˵С˵ԣ桭
־˽һɽ֮󣬲ֵ㽭С֪Ҫá˵꣬һĿգϴԣͽҵȵÿˡ
Ц㻹ãٻǰͷʱܽǱϱͷģڶһܽ
־ˣϱ񻹣òͷҵԸϡ
˶Ц
ҲЦЦ̧ͷ̨ȥȻϹŵĸдšϡ͡㶫
ʡǶǸԣҲ࣬Σûʱ㲻
ǿͬ˵һ󻰣ʵͦסʹ򿪿óһϣڵϿſ˯
䣬㳡ＷһˣȴůģȥһƬǵͷڶڵƹиۡ
Ҳʱʵ̫磬ҲѧڵС˯һ
Ȼһʵ̫ۣ־οʵûʲôѶȣһ۾˯ˡ
ţ˰죬̫ʹӵƽͮͮȼˡ
һ̣ޱ޼ʵ˺нĹԺͻȻк𣺴˿̵׳ֻо˲ܵһ⣬ǷܽҲʮ꺮Ѿ㹻ˡ
СȥڵĿҲͬʱתͷ濴ȥһ籡ĳ
Ŷʱʵ̫ٿܲסҲ׷ڵϱ˯˷ȴʧͳģȴûں
Ǳѵģһ۾͸оһʹԭƤѾȫʺճסˡֿߣѾɢһ롣ʣ¼˺־һڽһѣֱֱ˯ڵϡ
̧ͷȥǰһƬλεģһɲʲôҲ
̫ʵ̫ͷʱʮģ
紺䣬ɹһ̫㳡ֶ࣬ȴȵ
˶£סĨŶͷϵĺˮ
־˸ѵֻʣһ¡
ûˣԼӿ˿ӳҧ˼ڣһ˺üá
⾪־ˣһƨɴӵԺ˰죬ŵʿѹˣ
ڵͷѵģ˼ˣ
˵껰ں־˶ͬʱЦ
Цϣ־˻ش˵мѾŶӵȴˣֵϡӱɽ
ǡ
˵־˾һ㽭ˣӴҲ˯Ǵˣɾ⡣
ڣֵ㽭Ҳ֪ʲôʱǰɣȿţ˯һ
󣬰ҹܽǺõġ
˵껰Ҫѧ־˵ֱڵϣͿһڿ´֪˳츮ʿ
µʫ̳ʥʿꣿͬʱɧ
ʿˣ

ͬһʯͷͶ˳һȦȦȥ
˭ңЩ֣̲ס̧ͷȥȴһ㡣
ڴԼǸ˭
׺Ѿ׷ôܹԼʲô
־˸ѣ˼Ժȴûôָָ࣬ڣӦʿ˭
ʱŷף̲סŭԭ࣬㻹˼

ͬʱ빱Ժ㳡ٲĵطһ¥ﱾһҹٰӡ֡
¥ЩΣһĹ٣쳯Ե÷ǳϡ
㳡ССɧ΢΢üͷ̲סͷ̽˳ȥ¶һŹ


316 Ҳ
־˵̬ȷǳѺã׿νǱĵ㡣
ȴһںӣڷ֮߹϶żЦ˹֣õܣԭΪֺҡ
˵Ż´ڣͺڶһϡһ
֮Եڣ׾ǴҪƣԳһжġ
˵һսĻġ
в죬΢΢һ̧֣ԭ㣬㲻Ǻľôûѵ˵ҲҪңɽˣ
Ҳ֣ɽ˳ںʱ˾·ӣӦѾˣôС㳡ҹ䣿
õܣΪֿĴʡɶϣȻҪĴʿӣҪͬĿһޣֺαռ˺ʡأԭԵ¼ȡҪϱ㣬ÿĺ˶й̶
仰ͺȶһΪ˸ʡͬڳһȱֽԼ¼Ĵ
Ҳ֪ŴӺζ
ɻԱߵ־˸ŭһڣСˣ˱ˣȥǹϰģϰ˲żüãΪ˶һְգҲ֪˭ӣаȥˣ
־⻰һ˵ڣ׹
ȷ־˸ղ˵ǹϰġϰǿƾٳϾҵһϾ㽭Ľ̴ʡʿ̩봦طڽ״Ԫʡݣʦĸ߿ĻƸѧʡҲ˽ܵ顣
ûзְ֮ǰϰļʡͨռݽʿİ˳ɣһȫԲˡ
˵ֻҪ⼸ʡĿڣ˾̫Ӷķݡ
Ϊˣ̫Ԫ谷ֲԣŽԷΪ񣬰䡣
֪ȻСв˿ȫӢҲֻɽķݶβ֪ôĶоٺкܴİգΪȴתĴ
ڲµûдôġ־Ȼ˵ȴΪܣΪ٣ǵģӾתȥаˣô¾ȥ񲿣˵죬Ҳǻعԭ˻һ󡣲еˣǳɶˣȴ˳츮ˡ
ЦŶڡ
־˴ŭֻ˽ǨȥÿĵطûʿһԼ׿еĵطǨǡСˣˣĴааÿġ
״ЦԭҲȴ㱿
ҡҡͷýѵ˵õܰΪ˵㡣νۣȺ֣֮ôȫִ
־˳裬ʱ˵һǵͨ졣
ڵѳԱ׵ҡø졣е⣬룺ܣλȻѾͨ˹ؽڣһ裬ȴⲻáϰʵڼңʱ㷿ʦܲȡңϷ˲żüã˴֮ѧŻֱ𲻴˭˭Ул˵ľͬȺ
Ȼʡ˲Ųԣɵһ˳츮˲ɺӣطȫǹϵӵܣʱ˷飬̫
ĴڵаȻȱ˲ŶЩɾ㽫ʲôʧӰҲ
ϲ£ǰ󣬺Ϻӹ֮
ҲΪ˾ǨĴ
ҹȻǼƹ˰
׹ԼѣҲˣ˵ļƣϧһ仰㾡̫Ͷȡɵм˺³֣СȰһ䣬ƾٲһССĹؿȥ˹Ȼһϲ¡ȥҲûʲôν·־в˽ʿΪ˸ȻܵϲԾˡ㣬˽ʿӴٳթӵӣֻ»ʱ򣬾û㣬Ҳؽȥ
Լͷ־һĸмָú룬ӹŵмС˵˺³
ԱΧ۵ľǶͬʱͷ
Цԭ˾ʿְνһӣģԵ˲
ѵڳݵǸ
˭
࣡
ȻһЦָָ㡣
ԭЩ˵ʿڹ㳡ϣ׷Χһõʫڵķɡ
۶񣬶Ǵŭ̲סԺ̡
׵ĳǳ׵⣬׵ڽһ֮ڽʿ֡
Ȼ󱻴ҳżʿȦӡ
һ˵еܣߵú޲õһ϶ȥ
ʲôˣƤھ֮ñȳǻνЩϡ
˱ĵĿ⣬£¶ЦдУ˰ɣ񻶰ɣһȺûʶᶡΪǾˣ˲ˡλԣЦҲֻаʮһˡӾ㽫ȫɾΣֻҪ˽ʿǲɣ
˵Ҳõǰʱһٳ֪ӴǰԹ󣬵ʱҲ֪ճЦҵЩʲô顣
Ҳֻкݺݴζ
ͻȻЦֱЦ۾Ứ߳
Ц˾һ
ֳﺫܿ£Ӣġ̨˧ңҽҡ
Ȼһٲ˵
㣣
ӣ
һƬ
ȴֻ΢Цȴ˵ɹơ
òϣûǺ˧ģСвŻҲСֵӡ˿̵һϮ£ȻһƽüȴԼį
ķϡ
ڿòסҡͷд棺ⳡôô졣뵱ĴʿΧʱ򣬲Ҳ˹˶㲡԰ʱҲǰʲôʱֵˣ
ͻȻ䣬ڴ̲סꡱһЦ
װСͦװģ
ʲôʱϷӣˣ

ͬʱعʱ춯صĺЦһյӰ˱ɽСƷ
£Ҳסˣһ˼ɫ˻ߵؽڣ͵ɣǿϼ
ãϼڵͷͰض˵֣֮ϵñƽġоƽѧܾӳƽĵʱ򣬽ƽͣ˲д¡Ҳһĵ˼ֻ»Ӱ췢ӵġ
ڵѭѭͺѧ
ˣͷ˵úе
׳ױˣؽеڣɵӣƾʲôѵҡǵģǺ޲ʳ޶ƤĻô㲻Ҳһ˯ήҵģôˣû˯ðɣ
ڴ˸Ƿĳһҹû˯㻹¶ˡȴǽš˲ƹ֮룬˱ҹΣ̸ʫ۵ʶƣ˶
˶Ŀ࣬Ȼ֮̾ǰգʿҲʿмҵȶΪ죡
һЦûУֻźȾˡ


317 ̬
ңλε
㳡һȻһ˿ӡ¥˵
˹ԱԼʮʮ֮䣬ÿྫѾڴڴˣȻǰĹ㳡ϵʿЩʲôǴü̲סһʿӵȺ볡̷һաîʱ½ȺȻ󰴵ʵݡѼ죬õģõģõȵҹ
ԼǻԼμӿƾٿʱΡ
ƷԱ̾Ϣһǧһսսϵɿƾٶһ˵壬ȴʮ꺮ֻڽ񳯡˵ϻ̳Ͽ֣˵սս˵ıҲǼٻֻõĿֽһ̣һĲ㰲ȡ
ֻʱĿѶΣ᲻Լмݰգ˶ֻʱǾһ඼ϲˡ
꣬ĳμӻԵʱͷһϾʧˡڴϹ˼ʱøۡʹæ𴲣˳Ǻϻǵģͽȥˡڿ˰죬ҹʱٽĿһᣬŷĵصˡһ˯˯ڶ硣Σ۰
Ҳסôˣ˺֡ڻǼգȴĳһУӣѶʮꡣȴλһգҲƬ㳡档
˵һξ̾Ϣǽѡ
һʿЦЦǰһнʿǼξʮɡ
ţǼξʮ괺ǣʱĳ˶׵ߣӵʿһ뺲֡ûǵڸ󳼸߹䡣
˵ģǸ߹ĻţǸ˸߹ʮˣ൱ҲǺһһĴʿʿ˶Ϊ൱궨ܽǰȴֻ˶׵ߣôǸʿҲ˺֣ü縸һ
߹ֶ˿ϻûʲôã߷춨
Ļſһ۴Ĺ㳡ʿͷ죬ΪκʱĲӽҿĲֻ»Ҫ߹ֲ˽ʿν顣
һڣ߹ǲϲȻûӴɴҹ¿ҲһͶ֮ãһζ߽ݾġƫƫвͷ̫󣬶˿֮ĳ˾͸òвźãøѵԽȴǴкôġĳ˷ǳϲ˵ҲǿģáڱߣҲǸµĸɲš˿Уĳӱֹһʵְڵطˤ꣬ΪҶһѵõܳ
ĻЦֻ±᲻÷ˡΪ߹ĸԳϵĴСȻúܡ
߹Ҳ⣺񲻹һԨУʱģȥطθƷĹ٣»סɣһУճ࣬ΥơҴƣֻ֡
ȴǡĻͷͻȻ׹Ǹ˰֮뽫Լд֮ʹáڸ׸ۼǲɵģһѡͻݣʱ׸һְҲ͸֮ѡǸµˣô׸Ǹ߹ġ
ϧӼƽصˣŪôҶͬ׽Ҳˣȴû֮ˡ
߹ϲڣšңиϰߣԽҪõ˲ţԽϲȴѹ˲η¡
ĻȰ࣬Ѿһҹδ˯һ£ˣڴ٣¶šңȵĿǰҹ
Ļô˵߹⣬Щ룺˯ˣôû
ȥ׮ӣ½ҹȥ½ұ˾춯صĴ£Ȼ׾ŵĴ𡣹Ҳǣʶ顣
ߣȵȿǱߵ¸α䶯ӵ𣿡߹һҲְ̫ЩǸ£ҲǸɣҲ˼졣ΪСģȴûύ֪֮ˡͶϷ֮ãһòʹҲʲô¡
˵߹һĿ̬
ڸϿ˵㣬˶֪ϵӲˡǸϺˣžˡ
߹Ȩǣ𽥵ؿ
Ļһ࣬Ҫȥΰõģ
߹缸ձѾаţڸֻȸ飬ֻǩӡɡϷڵȣſˡξõ½ҵ೧ľͶˣһк׼׵½һȫ滻ʱ
Ļţ࣬˵ǸС֮ˣ˳ֻң
ǰɱͷ⡣߹ͷӴת˹ĳ£ĵĴ£ͿҲҡִ֮٣߹ǷǩӡͻؼҸȥɣ


318 
ĻŻе㵣ģСʣ࣬´ʵȻΪүɨһϰǡԿĿǼٶδ֪֮ģֻ¸ҲҪ
ȥ
߹ҲɫһݣҹһĻ
ǡԣεӣÿζᰲ硣߹糿Ҫϳ绹ҪڸҲֻܳϧױȥֻԣڸһӶѹԱϣֲԸϼҸһ죬Խ¥񶼽˹
æһ죬ʱŴҴææȥһΡëʫҲŶŶӻؼҡ
ƶȣ⳼ʳޡ߹׳ͨȴ·ʵڰסˣڽﻻ˱˽ֱһҽСˮŷ硷ľ¥
¥֮ȴ¥ϾȻвˣ۵Ӷľˡ
ҪˣЩ˾ȻԾƣĵġ
߹һͬʱȴҲϲ
СĴ£һƧĽ䣬زˣҪһƾƺ׷ͬĻһ
߹Ȼÿ࣬ԸҲ𱩣ɺôҲʿȻȻһңӸλ꣬һҺ˼ӡ
ûãһʿע⡣
ʿ׬߹ӣ˹ȥ˵һ磺ῴүͥظԲǴ󸻴֮࡭֮Ŀס
߹۵ùꨣвϲɫͳĻżүɫѿһӹȥ߿ߣҼүЩ÷
ĻŲ⶧ӻãһȴӳ
ԭ߹ô١Ǵͳϵ٣ʵϣһ治ȡͬһˮƵģʹ̨ʺȥĵطǵطضɧֻʣʭӵڸ
׸ߣ£ṵͨңҪͳЭνܳŴҪݲݵ¡˵ˣǸѺؽάȥ̫ƫ̫ˣҲʺϸ
ÿġʡб̿ϣջǲգգܶѲǵ˿Ĵٳͬ죬һСľͻᱻᣬԺ뵫£Ҳָ⽮ϡ
һ˵̿йصģһ㶼ǧ¸̫٣ǲ̫࣬л¸ɡ
ˣüʮʡݣڸĸԱǾҲʮ
˵߹ҲֲͨµطӣһԸ󳼣˲ҡ
ƽԴöȣֱĴ
µĻСѣһҲһҡ
ǰ㹻һ˼ҳ԰ˡ
߹ӳ£ʿ̸ţΪһǸľˣģʹչȥһǲμӻԵҪҪؽڡ
˵þһ˵Яõ˽ƻԵĿ⣬ү⣬Ըⳡ󸻹˫ַ͡
ĻŶʱŭҪˡ
ƭǼöˣÿڼ䣬ֶǡľ׹ߵģ꣬ҲץΡûץˣһʣ֪ƭӡ
ЩһνĹؽʱҪҲݣʮʮƭ֮˼֪ƭ֮ҲΪ޷жƴ
öˣҲ棬вٴӱԶʡݽĿ¶С
ĻŷŭʿҪߡɾʱ򣬸߹ʹҪǮͨʲôؽڡ
߹֮ôʣǱ˽ط˼ڸվãоͬоЩѽˡ
ȴʿȴһۣ˵Ҫǧ
Ǯ൱𺳣൱һǧ֮䣬㹻ھһ״լԺ㹻ͨղԲһӵءڱԶƶһˡ
˵θھ֮ø߹һоЩɣʣǧҵõóǮˣֲԣҵʲôطȥ㣿
ʿЦ鵹ҲףôǮЩҲáүԸ⣬дݸңдξʮ괺¿ƽʿĳĳĳǷӣҼ㡣ʱĿˣүȻнʿСŽݹǮ
ĿԣүڣȻɽʿȻЧˣүӦð˰ɡ
߹һ˵дӣĿԣҪ׼ģҪУ񲻰æϰߣϷˣң˲
ʿһװһӣүĲңС޻˵ˡĿǴӾģСиǡүˡүϰںΪռ˰յĵأʹض˻ȥׯڣүͷ强˽ȥ˼ǮͷţŽү̺Ļᣬⱳ׼㻨Ǯ
֣߹ĻŻ࿴һۣͬʱɫȴЩˡ
ȣʿȻ֪ں̰һ£ԵЩѰΪϵʼ棬طԱҹܣӵձֱӽҲ֪ξϲСѹŲ죬ʹǽͱ˳
󣬻ʵþ˵⳥£ֵĹԱܣۣۡˣҲͼԱ֪
ɽ죬ֹϵʼȻһòʿ֮ڣͲòɻˡ
ң֪ܹ빬ø߹𺳡
ѵеĿģ
Ŀڻʵ۾ĽУй¶Ҳֻоô͵
߹ԣʦ֮ԱξɽѧʵϾΪүǻԤİס
ЩŪ˲ٷ粨ϵΪͬˣԴ֮λ
տʼʱ򣬼ξԾƣȥͷΪʵߵĸ߹ȴ֪ξһϲСӡңŻʵմÿ£ԽϲֶӶߵĸо
ʱ򣬾˾ǣҪǰŲߣø߹ѹ
ΪԣУһϵ߾㲻ʲô΢Ҳûõ˲šϵûд֣ҪǣҲһʥּ顣
һҪ˲˲ţҪ壬ԣһͬΪʸ
Ŀ棬˳ϣһٶ˵
ڻʵ۱ºʧҲò۵ѹ»غȥ
ĿǼٵġӦģ϶ģȻʿƶôǮˡ
ͨһ㣬߹װּۻ۵˵Ǯʵ̫
ʿЦүҲ룬ѰҪõһְ֪Ҫȶ꣬ɽӳȥãҲֻܵøƷةֻҪ˽ʿһƷĳ͢١֪ʮѩ֪үôҲŪǧӣһܻر


319 Ⱥ
ʿУټֱͳһһ⣬߹գѹŻʿĿڣүˡ
үȻǸоģضٻ߹Ը⣬ʿϲæСҪī
߹ðϿľˣдȻҪдԼֺ齵ᡣҪʾ񲿰ģ˲˰ġ
νģ׼֤
μӻԵľԼҪ룬ϸ󣬷ֱ˳츮͸ʡ˾ʹ񲿣񲿷ģڱԾ˿ʡ˾ȡ·ѣ·Զٰһ߰ʮӦԾ˿ԴӲ˾ȡ֤ƾ֤վֻ̣дš񲿻ԡĻΪ־һ·ͨ衣
дſļᣬò񲿺͵ط˾Ĵӡû취α
߹һһ룬ȴ岻ȥ͵дʲôݣô鷳ȥȥͽգȫָɡ
ӹȥһʮǮƱʿѾȥˣжɺá
ʿǮƱлϲҲش˵ѾȥʮݡԼǸȵģҲûٺôÿȥһݣֻһɣ඼Ҫ
һҲˣüǧ߹һʿô˵Ѿʮʡ
һǵ󰡣
ү棬Ǯȥˡ
΢һ߹ͨеԵʡ
ٺ»Ȼ񣬿ҪһƱӣȴǲСռ䣬Ҳ󣬻سϴ̰֮ȥ٣ͷ׾
νͼĴ󣬲ͨؽڣ¸ԱֲҪǮҲǼˣð˴ա
ʿЦ˴үڸǮ𣿡
߹û˵ԱߵĻž˭һôϣԼʱɡ
ʿЦϾҪ볡ɾûˣ˵үĿҷģñУʱȰ
߹ͷ˻ȥȡǮƱŰɡ
ǣĻžܻظһˣȡǧǮƱʿͷõĿ
ڸǮʱĻŻ˸ۣ˵Ŀ棬ǮˣǵʲôطѰȥ
ʿǮƱҲǱλۣҲٹǣ˵Ҿ¥ϰıܡҾ¥ǾĲҵүţдű顣Ͼ˵
ǣôˡ

Ŀ֮Ѿҹ߹ŻصϹٷæؼҲá
ǡ·ڣ£ƣжڵһǳ⡣
ؼ֮󣬸߹Ҳãžͷúøһ
ڶգ˽Ǽ¥ס
Ƭ̣̽˵ʿɻؾ¥ȥˣȴһͨ˵װ磬֡
ƭӣǮ͸·ˣȴҡҲˣȻʵ
߹Ѿǿģһﲼá˴ԼƬӺױŸԼڴ˻
֮ѡҪûгͬиɶûйϵҪ˰չٶְôᣬκ˶úðա
ɴһʵǾ춯أ߹Ҳ
Ļôʣ߹һҧ²棬˸߹˵µگģȴһٽ£Աԣ֪֮ͬҴĽɽ߹ĸ˰Σʲôɣһ
ĻһȦȴˡһҾأ๫¸ҲЧ
߹һѽ̾Ϣãֻصλϣٲ˵
ʱһһţ̫ǰλεչѾ𽥱죬Ѫһǡ
߹ڴڣ˶ԡɫϼУʥ
ĻͻȻӿǧζĴˣֵ׷ġɷؼ䣬η壬ֻƾġ
ܿ죬ӱϡɽɽĿѾ˿ȻǸա
糿ˮйͨͷüõĹ㳡ʱ
ĻͻȻҹڽڣ˳츮ĿҪֻҪȵ˰ɡ
ûͳȥģⶼˡ
ѵˣ
Ļſ˿ͬһڴǰĸ߹ү綼֫ƣ˾壺࡭
߹ģȷһ㡣
ʱ򣬺ԺһССɧܶ˵ӡ
Ȼ󣬾һ󼱴ٵĽŲ
Ļ͵վɵˡ
Ȼ
Ҳһҹû˯۾ȫǺ˿Ե쳣㲡һķϿһ崺Ͼһ̥󹭣ȴװݡ


320 
ݼࡣΪװ΢һ֣٣ˡ
߹һѽס˾ͺã˾ͺã˵
лࡣһ࣬˵ͷڸ߹ס
ĳдſˡ߹Ҳϻֱʣͷжٿɵδ˶˹
߹ʵֱӣҲش˵ҹӼ½µһɷ٣ϱõİٻϵĹԱеگſʿءһһϣõĹԱȴѸһ¡ˣͷܹȴܹ࣬ҲʮˣսϼѪĵ֮ˣһܵͨʿ䣬ȫˡ
ˣˣֻʮ˾͹ˡ߹һˣɶʮҵĻŴȥѡˮŷ硷¥ˣҺ͵Сʣıĳй¶˽ƻԿ⡣¹ԺһҾͳȥӹܿɷֲŴ䣬ȡʿǹ֮£
һ仰˵նʾġ
ȴûжʣ࣬ν׾´䶯ΰţ˭ָʹһְЩΰõģ
ⶼʲôʱˣ˻Ÿ˵ʧ߹дͷйɻɫʱ
ȻǱǫƣȴѾȥˡýȥ⿼ǷףƻֲŴ϶Բ˶ߡʲôҲû鵽߹ҪԹ䣬Դܷס⡣
ûо棬Ų߹ðأ
߹ŭɼһӲӥӡһǾƦֲĶˣִͬǶţ١֮壬С֮ա
һ˵׾°ţҸյõţָʹһְõĳɹϣҽΡĽһְ
˶䡣
߹ѱ͵ְڽΰãһݹȿ˾Ѿ죬ֻڸ֮󣬼Ч
˵꣬ʹһݹ˹ȥ
ɫһæ˫֣ؽˣֻ򿪿һۣɷ
ԭһݹԱ飬ΪϾر
˵رٶְƽҲ˷ϡϾرȴ൱ҪֱӽϾϾءȻͬΪƷĹ١
ֻ൱飬ָʹ£Ȩ졣ϣָʹ֮˵һȨҲûУǸȴӵġ
ϾرȴͬմȨϾϾ̫ĵʵȨйλѫΣ˵һˡ
ǹˣҲоλ߱رʸ
ķʵִͣյְλȴġ
ǰӳɶرﱻüҪˣǵһŵĻᣬβпϲ
˫΢΢һ᣺ɷ򲻾Ŷ;Ŷʳƴˣ
͵ع򵽸߹ǰлЯΩհ
úúáһã߹һѽӵϷ
֮˶ʮˣø߹ĻŴӣæȥ׽þ¥һ˷
æµ죬Ļŵ뿪ʣ࣬Ҿͽȥ鳭𣿡
߹һ֣ڽȥûãҲ鲻֤ݡҪȵⷢͷȿǿʼС
Цһӻͳһӣ¿˿ҾͲû˼дֻϸѲ飬һĿ
ͷչȥһȴд֣ԼƻԵĿ̧ͷĵһǡӡеһ䡰¦֮֮ɣԹأܳɷԲ
࣬ǰ˹ĵĿ
߹ڻȷˣλԵ˵һڿ֮СǲҲɣȴ֪δã
һ㶣׸߹˵ڣʿдѧƷȻᡣ
߹ؿһۣأ
Ȼģɣ˵Ҫִˡʿ걻Լ̣һԱȻҼҺĴţ߾ȫˡ
߹͵Ŀ⿴һۣã壬ɷҲ߿һۡ٣ĲѧܵĶ裬ҲΡ˵󣬶ϲԷġ
һ
Ƭ̣¥Ǳ߾ϢĻŵѾʿ¥ϰ͵Сһ˷Ѻһ䣬˳츮źͽҲ߹֮󣬾ûи档
ǵȣȵʽʼ
߹һҹδ˯ҲϻѰ˼䰲ӵͷ˯ֻڡ
ȵȫȥ֮󣬾λ˳÷
˯һȴоۡǸ߹ڣʲôʱˣ
ش˵ǺʱʡʿӶѽֵϱ
Ҫһʱ߹ӣ֣ԣ

˿ֵ̣ڵ˳츮볡
ҹѾ㳡ϵ˵յͬ磬ϵǹҲûˡ
Զ¥ڵƹԵøߴΡ룬վ˺üԱ
ܺãͿȻվűڻԵܲڸθ׺ʮͬ٣⻹вִı
ڴԼǺʱʮһң糿ĵվ;ùηȥϢһʱ֮⣬ʱ䶼ֱվ
ͷ൱ǿ
ȻܲĻȴڡ˵վһ죬һʱҲҪ
ڵļѶѾĽ˿־Ҳĵӵʱȥġ
пͬʿ̸սŹõ
ףҲȥˡûһﰭۣߵҲ徻Ҳ֪С˻ᱻĸ
ʿΪڶ࣬ϾڸʡһϾ㽭ͽڵλ
ܵ˵ԵĿԹغҲûʲô𣬶Ҫȥ¥¹Ժſڵ̨ȡ
ں˲鿼֮󣬾ͻͷ¥ϵĿٸ棺ʿ˽
ִԱ޴Ϊ֮ף
ٵͷ֮ŷ˽բ
˺һ죬ǶЩܲסˣŻ˶
ŵƣϰųǰŲһ
м룬Σ̲ס̾ϢãֻȡʮһԣҲôʱ䡣ǧľţһˡ
ͷ˿ѾտȥĹ㳡
㳡ѾӰȴҡпǼñӣõĿпɵˮ
һһ˵
ͻȻһ˵ζӿ࣬ȵľôһ죬ϣܹһιءԺ㳡ٲˡ


321 ֶ
ǰͷһʮ
μӻԵĽңҲ롣ȴҲ֣ôҲǸˣһо٣Ȼ˰ͰͶǮͷع
ȴ÷ǳãһҲ࣬ʵ鿴ҲգǸ˵ˡ
ŶӹУҲ̸֪Ӧ츮ϣھѾʮ꣬һǼԣǿܴܲȸְʮ䣬ԵǲμӹΣȴûУְҲûȵﱾСʲϧǾӴףʮһ΢ڸ⡣ľһԺĵ׶ա
εһβμӻԣ֪⿼ԵĹغʲôֱ𣬾͸۲졣
òףڵȵ˼̨ߵĳͷǰݣ˳óӣģճɰھӵϣӹȵȥ㡣
˻æ˾ӣŽϹҵĿУ˶Ŀȥ˺档
ɵۣԼǼƶʵбģʹҰ
͵һϣһ߹
˲ڵϣҪУһ۾ʹӱץסһͽϵ
һ׺ݣ˽лֱѩĵӣУȥ
ĵУ˱õӣø¡
һЩһѪܵ˿ڣһ
ˣҲͬʱϱɫ
ʹ۳˵һۣɳɤӽеүүվһ죬ͲͷˣΪǾүȫǵġ
˵ֳ꣬˺һվ
һ߷ߣһվֱ壬ָֻ߾ٹͷ
۶ȥϸĵѲѺЬӣһ˿һ¡
˲ãһ۵һ˦˺ôҲǴϾǸ͵ĵطģôһȺͷʭӣƵģ
ŶӵȺľǶСЦ˺䣬ҲˮѾһûϴ裬ž͹׽
˵껰ͳضȥֲͣ׽ʭӣÿ׽һָһžһ졣
²۾һҲŵëȻ̫ˣ
һּ̲סڿһүվǰߣȥס
ˣ˲׳򣬿볡ˡ
һȴһţүǵֶĵùꨣôˣôԵǵһࣿ
˵ֵָָ꣬ĵطһʹûмд
Ҳǡǰ˵Ǹӽ˹ȥ˵ǻ˰죬ŷ뿪
ĵһ˾˷Ӧˡ
ɸݣȴаΪˡ
һĻڣжһͬܡ
ʵҲһ⣬ܵʹˡ
ֵڣѧԼ֤ݹȥ
ݵһйְڵ֣ʱʧӴԭǡ¡ʿ꣬˵ҪѾ˰ˣӣ
Źο˼֮󣬾;˿ƾٵͷڹԺı˸ʹ
ǰһСʫǡ
ڵʫͶأϲס塷
˵Żվ˹֡
æ
ЦⳡʿȴҲʧɫ١ֻͷֱСˣ²ɶʿ񡣡
۶ͬʱеԭʿֵȻǸȴҲʶü֣֪Ĵ˶˵ϵʫ·Ƿӣ£ǿҪⱨӦġ
е˼ǣĻˣȻ𾴵ġڸղǸˣ˭ں
⻰˵Ƥе˶СЦ
Ҳǰһֶκγ϶ãٽͲˡ
һڣ֪˹ġ
ǲģԽ쵽̨˵ƶȣҪѼ죬ˣҵҲΡ
ȻͽһͨĹأ˵漫ϣǰԺ󡢳ڡ⣬ʿӼдϣʱϸѼ졣Ϊֹд涨ʿӱ봩·Ь࣬Ƥ²棬ձ̺ֹЯľľС˫ʡװޱ죻̨񣬱ʹοգ̨ͨףĶҪп
ʿҲ£ԼѾͿˡ
ǡǰСĵڵӡ촦û쳣˵һߡ
ҪſȥȴЦ˵ţһ׮


322 ãҪ
΢΢һ̡
ЦֽеĿӹн֦ӵļʮż˳
ʡڣҪгС鰡
ȴôȥսųԻ˶ӡƻԳ͢⿪޳ṩʳÿͶһ
û˵꣬ûĿС
ԭǹҼĿԣһӦ֧Ͼϵ͢棬Ҳÿ˿ӣ˻ͷʱطΪ˽Լ֧Բܲʣɿ氤
˵֪Ҳֹ˵ȻΣطٺͿٶҪεġúһӽ˿ȴǶζ˵ȥ
˽ţҿҪö࣬һ죬ʱа˹ƪһⶼ˭ʱȥ˵μӿԵľү˭岻Ȳ֣ڼﶼǱ̺ķݣ˵һ¯ӣҪ
˾ϲɫæµˣ׷׽ʳӵһߡ
׼ʳﻨٳӱ⣬㣬׺ˡ
ʱϰ׻һƬɨ㳡ۡ
ÿ߽Ժţһţô£ô
ܴ󣬵Եò㡣
һڼ̧ͷȥȴһŴٷŭݵվſڣһϡ
ƣе֣Ӹ߸ߵطǱڻԸܲĻ
Դˣæǰʩ񣬵ˣѾѲˣûмд
סڣű¥Ͽ·ûѣҲѼ죿Ļŭͷ߳ȺǾܲµģǣ⿼ǵݣֻߵùĺô
ָݺݵָڡ
⻰˵÷ǳأʵۿɶҪǧġ
ʱ˶ͬʱɫ䣬۸ͨһڵԩ
ڿҲڱĻָţдΪ졣
æǰȥĻߣС档
Ļһӣȵվס޲ɶԣеùл͵潲
Ҳһ˿ŭԴˣλʿꡣ
Ŷʿ갡ĻɫһĿ䵽ںϣʣô
Դˣʿ갡д¡ʿꡣˣдɻƺӱ̫ѩɽġԼΪĻ֪ڵ֣ѡ
סڣĻĻŭֲӣ᲻֪㣬ô
ôҲһţԴôһͨǳ⣬ƤǺ죬ˣһڣʿеʦμӿԣҵȵҫݵҪ׵ġ
ĻЦм϶йԵ֮ͽʫС׷Ϸ֮Ҳһڣдʫʵδð˹ɣ򣬳͢ȡʿӦдʫˡȡŴ䣬ȡǵ£ȡľӣֲڻķӡȾȻɷڲˣڿƳףݵǣ͹ݲǡ
һȣмĻȵڣ
Ļָ۵£ʮѺȵԽٷ˾
۲סͷû˱ŹӵʮǸֽҲҪˡ
һΣȥ
ĻЦؿڣ㣬ڡˣѹ⣬ϸϸѣһطҲŹмд
ǣһӿϣҪ֡
֪ãҪ磬ɾһ˲ȴĻһлһ˿⡣
оףĻǹ⣬϶֪Լֵġ
ûĻѾͶ˾ͬѾ׷
λԣĻǸܲã϶ȵ˾ҪЩ鷳Яס
װףȻ±
ǣڴͥѵþȴһŭ顣
ңĻ϶ѿ˵ղǸһ㱻õ𴺴ֻȵҲŹ
ܴ裬Ժôˣôʿ˻죿
УԲĻóѣ
ǣ˼ųģʲô취
ֻ۶ݺݵҲܵ裬жʱˡ


323 һȦ
Уһͽͷ̧ͿԶ¥վˡ
ԭһֱվ¥ϣֻȿˣŻشð졣ղ¥һվ֡
ȺУھͿڸθס
һ׵½֪ظտԼĶʦ˵ԨԴҲ³
Ա˶ͬΪŦάϵһӴĹټšһپ٣һʧ
˵ڵҲһ档
Ȼϲȴһ¡
һ˿ϵϺӣֻδؿϳͷ
ȴ֪ͷӱϿһźǸµˡⲻĹװļ󣬾Ϊڵϵ˾裬ڹؼʱһ嵹Ըӡ
С֣֮Ҫˡ
뵽һ㣬̧ͷ󺰣ϰϣȶӣ˹ɨܴ˴衣ĻԴڶǰܶʱ̾ã޵̰ͬžΪ֮ס
֪̰٣ȥһӦְ
û뵽Դȴҡһ˱ڻԸܲá
ùȡص䣬˱֮˰ѳ֣ξʮδţ֮
˱СˣȻҵȵ١һ뵽С˽ҪڵĶʦΪ߲ѡⳡԣҲգǣ
һӣתߡ
һ˶Ŀ࣬ʮ꺮˼ҲεþǽԿһ졣һţ۰ٱ˲ʶȴû뵽˴֮ˣȻ˵Ͳˡ
һڽһԲϡ
ȥ𶯡
浽ʱֻ˵ĸݣܻø
Ļͱ˶мܣķɫˡ
ңһȴ͢϶׷Ļ׵ȿҲвС鷳
޷˵һ֣ʣĶ˶Ƕһʥ飬жһѪһţͬʱУԣĻǵĿ٣ĳҲ
ˣ
ߣؼȥ
ϰֱ۸߸
ʱӼ˽ƵڵأĶ߰صӡ
ԽԽ
ĻҲ֪еһ췴ˣ췴ˣˣҺݺݵء屾һӲסؿڹȥ촽˲ࡣ
Ļıһãӿǰ˴Ĵ˳˳ŹӣԥǲǰžǾһͨҴ
ЩйľүղԴ˵Ļû˵ȫҲ֪˵Һݺݵش򡱻ǡҺݺݵֻߡҺݺݵȰ
ݺݵݴʣɺŵǸʣȴò£´˾пܳԲ˶ߡ
϶ʱҳһš

ʱһֱһ㣬ڿտĹ㳡ϻص
˶̧ͷȥϡ
ֻ˫վ¥ϣһϣɢһǿơ
Ҷû뵽һͰʵҲʱ̣ͬʱ
пع֣ϣ
ܲã

ʲô֣˳ϣʥ֮أ׺ȵ˵˵߾ߡƾǺεȴ£ܵϷڣ̫ˣ
ڼ˵һɡϿһɴĿһ˿СԼղֳĶˣֱӾ˹ηȿһͽ˳츮
࣬ŵθ¥ѾˡԴ˵ɣеöˣ䡣黹ã¹ϵҵڣ¥һףֻһ
Ļһ˳˹Уø£
ţһȣжᡣ
˵꣬ʹһڿٴ¥
ࡣ˶ͬʱǰ
׺˵ɡ
ֿһۣŵαѾˡϲڵʫʣݼڣ֮顣ɼˣƶȲܷϡǿƾٳϣȴûдȨһ˵ѼѼ졣ˣŲڸҲȫڵ򣬴ȥڽ˾ˣҲĴɻڵĵвɡȴǺ˵ǲ
ø˺иж̲ס˵öԡ
Ļ߸ϣеԣ˵öԣѲڣϸһ㣡
ȫǵ⣬ԹĿ⿴ȥ˰죬һȦҪ䵽ҵٺôҲǴģеֶΣ¾Ҫ㿴ҵ

ղԶ¥ǱߵȻһ˿©ر¥еĸ߹С
ù֮󣬸߹¥ϣڴǰȻƷ衣
¥ҲûƵƣ˶ھصȴֻҪԵĿһ͵˳ȥ鳭
ǾʲôΪԶҹȻ
߹ЦŶˣ˺ڣƺ鷳
ʹضĻʿꡣȴ΢һ
ܹλѣ߹۾ںڰˡ
ΪѣȻġ
ʱ׵һȴһ̵Ĳˮȴȥ
߹Ļȴղеıӡ
߹մߣȻܹõ⡣ӽδҲûлᡣɣġ
죬ŵ࣬ʿŻڣʱͷԪҪ𣿡
߹ȴͻȻһЦøϣƽˮһ˶ٵؼʱ̣ȴǻһƵģ汾ԡ
ͻȻ˾裬Ѿʧ裬ѸߣҲż¡һݣ׸λò׺֮ѡһ
߹ӣȻ׸һְûȤ
߹һְλҲڱصãɽ쿴׵ϣȴһ˾衣
ʵʷϣ߹һȨλ֮ˣԵ̨֮ꡣڶϣ׸ı
ȻԺ󣬸߹ֱž뱣嵹ˡ
ȴǺ󻰡
ɴ˿֪߹һöֶǿӲ֮ˡ
ĬƬ̣Сʣ֣࣬Ǿôȥǡ
һԱȴҪȥڸθĳӣ⾰ʵںˡ˵߹ֻҪһ֣ǳͬ˺淢չһʲô
뵽һ㣬о塣
£߹ЦɽʲôˣڲסƬǬ
ƾԸȻѾ˸߹ֻһߵڣģٹ˲ˡ
ĵس㳡Ǳ߿һۡΪԶǱߵֻʣϰСĺڵ㣬׵ؽڴȺҳ
еǣʿ갡ʿ꣬ǧ°


324 һ˳
Ļ߸ϣеԣ˵öԣѲڣϸһ㣡
ȫǵ⣬ԹĿ⿴ȥ˰죬һȦҪ䵽ҵٺôҲǴģеֶΣ¾Ҫ㿴ҵ
ۼԼҪƻ۰סþ⣬һ
һ֣š
׺ۣͣĻЦϴ˾ٱٿףղŻ˵ƾٳϣȴûдȨһ˵ѼѼ죬ô˿ֱˡҵȶǶʥģ֪ԱУбعĵĿںһִĵ
ǾҪһƣĻҲ֪ں;йڣҲ֪ӽ
ǰ֮Ҫҵ鷳Ҳ˳ָһڶڴˣȴôϡЩ꣬ߵŪʿ֪˼硣ʵ۶õʱܽȥȴǸгԵˣҲ˼죬ھʧҲ˵һҲµ
㱾ٵζҲã㵽Ϊֹɡ
ڸղȴݳ˿һĻѾ׽ĻˣȻҪεܣôҲøĹŽ
û뵽ȴʱڳͷ͹ݽȥһˮĻ
ͻȻһһĺûᰡ
λԵܲڸθףڳеְλ֮ǴʲõĵˣܽԱ˶֪ĻֶΣ֪һϵ
ٳļΪ΢ν΢֪ţһ߿ȫ
Ļܹѹһͷ˾ͻΪѾµƣȻ˳絹
º͵ӣҲܽ
ˣǾԲõġ
뵽ĻƵĿ⾼ضס
Ȼ׻Ǹ˶˵޺ЦݣԴ˵ö԰ڻҪѵġ
ĻЦǻ˵ʲôѽ
šЦŰ֡
ôˣĻеջˡ
һ˵ѣһ˵ѣʲô
׺˵Դ˸ղѲǸʱΣ͸λͬ¥ѾǸⲻ˵˽Ҳ׵ϾйĶˣоˣμӻԣҲʸҴĹԱȴ֣ܷ衣ȥ͢治棬ղԺδ񡣡
˵̾ϢһǶǿƾٳҲҲͬѹһĿǧζ
ͷһߵļͬ٣úãѲ鱾۵Ҳִ֪硣λ֮У϶³ıСˡǶˣ˹ͳղſʿ֮ѵûиͬ𣿡
ͬٶͬʱͷ˳̾һһȻ
ĶΪΣͳν׼Ϊһȡɽ˿ȴҪһþ⣬ñƲǧ֮Ҵֱһּ衣
ɹҿƾƶȰȴûκΰ취
ֺضĻԴˣ˼ǣѻҪѵģ֣ܶҲǰ˹ġرʿʿֵķҲ裬θ룬ӿƾΪη;ƾٵöɨأȴҲΥҳƾȡʿĳԡԴˣ˵ǲҿƾƶҲв׵ĵطҲбҪһġ
ףҪȥһƧĵطϸͺáȻҲѲ飬ȥ㿴òã
Ҳͬǵͷ˵ǡ
ǰæϣԸ͡
Ļŭմƶȣ
ףƶϿû˵һҪ۶һ˵ˣѵйȲϴֱɵۡҲͰˣҿԻҪй۵ĳЩְ𡣶Ƕʥģ֪õ񲻱ȴ˸ã
ͬͬʱͷ˷ƣѲԴűҲǶˣ
һʱ䣬Ⱥӿ
Ļһϣͨ죬ݺһ˦ӣףڸүܲãٴһѹˣ˵ôôˡһĻұдϣȻһϱ񲿣񲿵Ĵ
ףԴ˶ʣԻ¼ڰ
ߣĻŭתˡ
߲˼ȴһֽӲסؿڣͷһͣȴɺɫҺ˳
ĻһԼԼѲղһˡ
æص˼ҩŸоЩȴһаܡԼżһֱûʲôθڣͺ˼࣬ɶȴǳŵܣҲ֪ô¡
ĻԶ
׺سڵ˵ͷڣǰǩѺɡҲͬʱá
һ仰ڲһ
Ҳһĸм
ǩѺŹע½·һһȥ˸
ЦЦ˺ţȥɡ
ʱѾھһ̫õó棬ֻţȴþˣ£ֱͬӹԶ¥һ
һƬ⣬硣

ᡣ
ʲôʱˣسһ˹ϥϵļξ͵۾ʡ
үĻѾʱƽСĵؿ˿ɳ©ش˵
ȻҪˣûдʱξͷվ
ƽүͨòһ
ξѵõЦһЦλʮ꣬ӼξһĶƿʼѾʮԡԣöˣȻ֪ʱ
ҹģȴվˣǴŹٷԵþ
Щ˵й̣ҲͥĹԱŻʵ۷ġ
ڻʵûд򿪱ֻ֮ǰû֪һڻԵĿʲô
ξ˿ܣȴûæȥӣǽĿ⴩Ŵ䵽ɫС
ҹʱ΢磬ŴšůһʮҲûз磬Ūüξ֪ôްǸô
ϲǷ洵Ŵеᣡ
ѾϺкһˮóҲʼ֣Ǽĵƹ⣬ȿֺ
ԱǶҧƫƫֲȥġ
ƽ֪ξϰߵģү֮󣬶ᾲƬ̣˼¡Ͳٴȸ¯˵㣬𸡳˸Ͽеӣŵ꣬Կˡ
áξջĿ⣬򿪱Ľ񣬴һСóһӣϸؿأŷŽӣһͭˣԿ׵ݸһԱ
ַ⣡ڻƽߺУһԱ첽ǰΪϷ
ӡǰӡӡǰ졣
һб̫ǰϴӡһĹԱ߶š


325 ͷ
һ׳꣬ͷβ˻ʵۣûһ֪⾿ʲô
λԱϾϵŵǰֻ̣Ҫ˹ֱӵõһ֪صĹְξļ롢ʡʹ˾ء
Уһֱͨգǳ͢ĴˣΪҪԣ֪صȨֱطԼܾ
ͷβԵĿܵϸأֻе͵ʱܲú͸ܲÿ֮󣬲Ż֪
ξ˻ӣȴһ˿޵ļ
ļûҲ֪ôͻ֡
һ£ڹԱſȥھӵĻ£ƺƵȴѻȸشӰҹĽֵϣֱ͵Ժ
ξʮĻԿԣʽʼˡ

ȵ˿ţڴǩѺ¹⿴˿Լϵĺƣǻֵʮš
뿴Щ
ĪЩ̲סЦһ
վһ죬ȵҹŽϣѾһһҹȦè
ǰһһڹ㳡Ե˺üΣ˯ʵûʲô
ڴ˿ֻһҵᣬĿֽúõ˯һ
ڴ⣬أ˵
һĿѾˣǵƹ⣬ԺնȾ˷ۺɫΣѾûоִ֮ͬС
Ⱦ͡
ڵĿλЩƫƧڿǡҹҲңԥ䣬һĵعʿ꣬ǲҲŵط
Щ˼ǲ̫ҡ
طƫЩȥɡ쿴˿еӣ˸ͬԼһڳȥ
ĴʲôףڿʿʦҲ
;оڵĴãȴǰĿյϺȻڷһߺĹײģýиǣľʱĺɡ
Լǿɫɣ˵ܲĻ͢ײģԱݡ
ЦЦĻɫǱȽϻҰܡӴһ˵ð麹ǲҲ֪ʲôӴҰд˵ǵѪ没󲻶԰ôǸθˮ
أʵᣬǻҲȥĥ
ֻǣ⳯͢Ա͹ײģδ̫
ĻеʣԭԱ͹ײĲ෴ȴһѵõҫν£ҲܿҶһĻ̬ȡȻ仹һ˵͹׾͵͹٣ļ鰡
ܿ죬ھ˻ֿʮšطλڴõֲԶһҲû俼ܴһƬط﷿ռˡ
ûطϸ˵ǿǵһƬ﷿֮⣬пǵĻҿӡȻǺͻۡӡˢҲ﷽㡣
ʼҹһɹֵֹζʳ֮︯Ҳ˷Ѭ۵Ĵ̼塣
ҪҪȣ﷿жʮͨƻȻҴ˵ɻǶԿмӰ졣
ΣںΣοԻǲ˳
ҵŷƹſڣ۽档
ǻԵĿúԺԿȴҪʵöࡣ涼ש̵أɨøɾռҲ࣬˯ʱܹ˽峹չ
ӺӶᣬ͹ɼ
ȶȥҪ¼Ƭ̡
ȴʹԼſڵĺƣУˣˣôģ
ԭҲд⣬Ҫ۹ġ
ǿһвҪ
ʱʮֻʹд壬ҲͬʱУʵ̫ˣû취⣡
ʵ̫һܹűӣͳһųԷȥˡ
Ⱥһ֣˯ȫߵſڿ֡
һȴֶ濼ſڵդԳһס
»е˼ԩ·խ벻ǲͬһ˶š
дȤ룬ƽҲ̫ãʵˮƽֻҲˡȴһ·ַųҪ¶ǰźɣڻ˿϶ͨĹϵͨ˹ؽڣζҪϸ۲졣
Ҳǰŵúã档ֻҪСӸ𣬾ͱˡȻʵԣƾ汾λ޻˵
뵽ڳЦЦ˵ͷ
һȻ񣬺һ˻ȥ
ҲнһȻͬʶ
˰죬ֿҲνĶֿǰ
½˳ʱƿ˳͸õĿֽ͵عԺˡ
ֵƬ̣ԺǱԼɧǿĿˡ
Ȼ󣬴Ǳ߾ߺ紫Сȴǳ
Ѳ¹ٵλ
𣡡
ܾٵλ
𣡡
ַٵλ
𣡡
¼ٵλ
𣡡
Զٵλ
𣡡
ԭ˱³
ھеĿվճ򣬵һ̣Ժǳ׷գʽʼˡ

¡ڸ¥߹ͬʱߵڣԺѱ߿ȥ
ͼһŵȻһȺԱһֻн˹ȥ
Ӻӵܲ׺͸ܲĻ
һ̲סͺȣ⵽ˡ࡭࣬ɱȥ𣿡
ɱʲôɱ߹һ참Կɾֱȥֲȥɱ˷ŻڻЩ
ҪҪҪȵʲôʱŶ֣һ뵽ĺסڳ
ڵһʱ
ΪʲôΪ⡣
߹ûμӹƾ٣֪ĳϸڡĿֽȥ֮󣬿ἱȥġһ죬ûġȳԷȵ㷹˾񣬲ŻᴧĦĿݸ塣Ǹʱҽȥ˿ܽ׵Ŀšȥˣ˿գ
Ȼ򣺡˵ǣǾٵȵȡ
߹;ʳɣҲЩ
һ߳ŷһ߹۲ſΡ
Ƭ̣Ϳ׶ھ˴ţꡱһס˹Ժǰ¹һӣܹ·ռס˹Ժǽ
䱸ɭϣͻȻһĥŵɱȥʱιָռЩҪ㡣
Ȼһ죺ˣˣ
߹Ӽһӣ쳣ƽȡ


326 һоԤ
ܲðݼ֮󣬽͸øˡ
Էһ򵥵飬ҪӦһ࿼ĳԺȣȴһ֮¡ͷǼȫæ˽ʱһʳ͵С
ǰĿã䣬ֵ󼸸˶Ѿ͸ˣ΢ģ쿼Ͼţͨһ
ʱĶ˵ƾٵͬһս
Ŀƾ٣صٵ룬һһÿ겻֪жٶӿرϵĿԣÿһ֮ޡɴ˿Կһҽṹ֯Ҳǹǿ
ãΪ﷿͵ʱڵģζҲ
ǿĵһٷܲø⿪Ӳˡ
һ죬ڳһײ˵ıʵѵá˻죬ӱΪչϷˣһ׷⻹һѿ˺һһ
һûгʳִأڳԵøһʱڻ˸⣬Ҳȵһβʣ
ֻǣζʵţδв㡣⣬ǸװľͰʵڰۡ
ôණֿ죬ӳŵվߵſڣ⿴ȥȴ֣ԼθڵĿȴࡣ
Ա俼ʲôΣҲĿΪмǹҼĿֽһ̾˶ſ󣬾þ޷ꡣҲԵķʹ󣬼ʳƻʣ١
ΨһףһԵò죬ȴ쳣һ߳һʱʱ̧ͷһۣһ˿Թ
ҲͬĿ⽻棬֮ϣһжɼ˵˭Ҳ۾ɱ˭ſվƬ̣ص˯
֮Ȼտ˲֪೤ʱ䣬ֻñһ䣬ôҲ˯šҪһ¯ӣͿźֽһһߺĿֽ
ȻѾԤ֪ĿڽϷ̲סһ
ֻһߵſڣؿ档
棬׵Ķ󣬱һվĿںҹ͵šڣЦЦ
ûһݣĿغʵʷһ𣿻᲻ᷢ˸ı䣬ʵϣʱΪҵĳ֣Ѿ˱仯½ʷϼȥûؾľҲˡЧӦѾãʷҪĿȫˡ
Ŀʷϲһ鷳ˡڼмѰҺõķģŪҲ鷳һʱ䣬δҵʺϵĴ𰸡
뵽һץդϵ̲סһ
ľդԿ֨һ죬䵽׶
̲סЦһڵܣ˰ɣⱾͲĵطһɵӣ
ںһ
˵ۣһӳֱ˦׵ϣ˵ϸԴ򣡡
һʱŵһײϣ۵öȥ
ڡһЦ
ǰڹԺſôһȻʶôʿʿ꣬Ҳ⣬׸ЦˣߵǰһĿֽ˹ȥ
еǣҲ˲ûص󣬾վеĵ
ԵĿ˳ڰѾˣһߵ顷⣬˹ģһʫ
ڶ徭⣬һƪТگھһ
ǲ
ÿο֮ǰϷĿֽĿǵһߵ顷ġ
ߵе˹ɺһƪʫվܷռıڰ˳ϣ˵úˣкܴϰںеĵڶʿӵĹд򿼿ۺʺʩֻΪοʿǷһϸĹԱ
ٵĿֽʱڸоЩأȻЩ
Ƭ̣һ룺ڽʲôĿˣʵʷϲһҺʵķĳȥ֮
һ룬Ķ򾲵شĿһһȻǡ¦֮֮ɣԹأܳɷԲ
ԼԷξʵ۵ķġ
ֽ¿ȥ˹ĺǵʫҲͬʵʷȫһ
ڳسһ૵û䣬û䡣
˹ģ׼ˣ״Ԫġÿƪµ߲ʷԺһʱһڣ䡢͢񡢻ܡͬ塭
ƽֻⳭһƪԼнʿһס״ͽʿҲѰ֮¡
ȻʷҪ仯ȻѾԼһԡҲûٿһΣôԽͷķƪ¾ų
ľ͵ҪŽأ״ԪҪи顣
ô˯ɣ
ʵ̫ˡ


327 ù
Ȼһжûз仯ҲˡΨһźԼѰʫʵڲɣͬǰƪ˹ɷıͲһΣδзͷŷ˼ӵĵȼȥˡ
״Ԫղ̫ϣٿǰƪ棬øۻ̽ɡ
˵ܹø̽ҲС̽鷢
ͷΰ
뵽̲סһЦ
ʵϣʫʵ̫ңܹѰһƪʺϵףͱ𽲾ˣҲΡ
æһ죬㰲Ҳûȥ⣬һ֣Ҳ˶ʱ䡣䰾ҹ;񣬻ȥ˯
¯Ҳ˲ӿѰһްϣڿϡ
棬û˯
һʼھ͹עһ
ֻ׸һõĿֽ˼ۣ۾ˣͲˡ죬ЦȴӲš
һߣͻȻȭͷǽһ£һϸ΢ģѹֵʮ꺮ĥѣྡǡǡǡһշ磬ơ
Ц˰죬ͻȻȴûа㱯ˣеֻǼͿ
һã˿϶ͨʲôԤȵõ˿⡣׵ĴǣԲȡдСֵȶֶ֮Ρ϶ԤþԴ˰˹ɺ˷ģԤȱˡ
òİѱ
գ׽ΣܷнʿѾܿƵġΪ֮ƣֻܽԼľãѹһͷ˵ǰͷҲ֪ʲôӡ

УѾп϶ܹнʿˣЩơ
ţ׻˷ܵڿȥӰӱƹһһ̡
Լվˣݺݵؿڣʲôޣ
ͼһĭ¹
֮ʮףȻ±С
ң׵׼ͷҲáҲһӣЩʱЩϻ̵ҲرŨһĭ³ȥź˿ҷֱԼϡ
û뵽æҵز
һЦ巭ȥÿ
һֳۣˡ
ԭõĿ֮󣬲ٿ˲˯ĥīҹս
ĥīַӵԵ쳣ס
ʵϣܹ˭˼⣬˭ʿеһıʻѧ˵áĿһ֣֪Լ᲻Ƿóд¡һٵĿζԼͬڵĿܴŹƳԼƵĳɼ
ĹȻϲɫһǷϣɥȡ
ʵģҪô˯Ҫôǰ
˼ְյģҹľ׷д
Ѿʱˣ˴
Уһյۺгıԩԩ
Ե쳣ںżصϢ
ԭӳʵǨ⹱Ժÿһԣһλԣ俼Ŀ˵򣬺üʮеġ
֮СĲʮ߰꣬ʹģϰʮҲС˹Ͼ죬ӣϾţżҲпһ۳һ˵֡
˳ʱϾԺԿʧ𡣰ճ͢ƶȣһκ˲롣Ϊǻյڣȴûһ˸ȥȻֻؿһٶ档
䴫˵ڿеԱһǻӵĲģǲͶ̥Ҫڿ
ԣڿǰĵһҹʱôϼɤӣǾ챨𣬱֮ߣ˿ԡ
һɤӺҪȴǶˡ
ʱһ˾һŰײţһܣˣˣ
һõĿֲֽ֪Լһƿ϶ɽ鷳ѹɽ󣬶ʱͷˡ
¿ͱˣ˶Ź񣬶ʱһȺײţ˳ڿһܣ˵׵ˣһȺ
һʱ䣬кײڵصĲҽһƬ
ξæҲ˲ʲôʲôүģӾһͨҴ
ڱⳡɧôӿµȥߵդſڣͿһŰɭɭ˵ǰвѪǱһȵݡ
ŵһ಻һ
۵ǿѹɶһȴôҲѹסпɨڵءȴӲǰˡ
ۼųҪ޷ʰ˸ߺԴˣܲôˣҰ

ԺС¥ϣֻһһ죬ǿѹʱЩܲס
࣬ĿѾùʱĿֽҲطȥˣǿ϶Ҳʼˣǲڳȥ
ĻĿ͵Ժ֪֮Ѿʹٴˡ
ɸ߹ɱĿ£Ųʡ
һΣҲһ˵
ͻȻ䣬߹͵۾վڣȻŵŵŵس¥ȥ
æ˹ȥߵ¥СԺʮʿѾȫװվж߾һûеȼĻѣһطڵϡ
࣬𣿡ʡ
߹תͷݺݿһۣȻ͵صͷ
һʿλȴһ˿
ʱ򣬿Ǳȴһ͵͵ͬˮһһ̽Ӽܽ࣬ˣǱߺЩԾ
͸߹оɵĿһۡ
ãʣ࣬ڿǺã
߹üͷڸʲôãٵȵȣǱƽ˵
ǣҲֻˡЩɥоͬһȭ򵽿մǰûû䡣

ܲúͼԹٶˣǰҳһŵĿܻؿᡣ
õָդǰ֣Ƭ̣ͼð̧һ˷ľ˳
ȫǰĭȴԻͣһѧèһɽڽС
þˣϰռҲҪһүɾȻɼ⿼Եѹж
Ļ˽ǵľӶһģӸϼǺţһ
ԭľ꽻ȥ֮úãٻ滭һȦ֮һģһȥһ棬ԳɼҲҪһȡ
ղֳľǶһУʱƾʲôҪһû
ʲô֣ȷǴײ˿ȻҪ뿼ģ
Ͼͳ˧ǧˣĻ㲡ֻʣȴɴһɱĿɨжһݡ
ĵĻƷȻϵȴ㡣ֹܹλģͨˡ
ɾʱĻĿȴ䵽ϣȵﻹһľǸ


328 

ͻˣλѾ׼˺ܳʱ䣬Ŀù죬ΩƪʫʵڲôοԣҪ⣬ƾͻ档
ȴĪرĻһʧָ࣬ƾʲôһף
ԴˣղڿûᣬԵҪһڳʡ
ʻãһʣĻŭȵסڣղûᣬȴһٱִݵóղ
ڣһֻ۾ڸˣ
ʿ͸ֽܲҲͬʱˣʿղȷʵδһ԰
Ļеֳֿ˶Ӳ˸ϵҴɣطﰸ˽мﷸάΰְ£һһҪܵǣĿһܣҪи
ĸһɫԱǰʱٻؼһڶ񣬼˶Ǽᶨġ
ڣڣ⿼ԣ
ȷʵķôһ֯ܣһ˷£һֻһͬ磬ھӼʧȣݻͬھץС͵ȥæٸǵ
οڿƾٳҪĵطԴҲ˵ùȥһʱ䣬ڿƿԣֻԼľϰ˸Ǻš
ڿ۽ľӣҲΣüͷ
ʱͻȻĻһžӣߵ׵Ŀǰӵݹȥ
׿˿ԼͷľӣŴһ˿ϲĻ΢΢˵ͷ
Ϊʵ̫ڣҲ׵ľʲôΡ
пһ׹׵ľϿ϶ûвġ
Ц׹ȻԴйᡣҲδ̫ѿ˵ɣ
̲סԴˣÿһһûУ֪νͣ
ԣԴͣҲ׹ڵϹҲ˭˭֪
סڣ֣һһĻӿʲôݣʲôݣƾʲôҪͣ˭˭ҵȨѲǳˣ
⻰Ҳ˵ùȥ׸ղȷʵûдӿгȥҲû˵һ仰
¾ͱ죬ҲĻûޡ
ǼԴɫѿűǵһҳ顣ڿղűˣ˵Ҫһһη壬ٲ˵һ䡣
ߣĻݺݵؿһۣˡ
ղôһǶûһ˶û˼˯ߣĥīͷдӡ
žϱģӸһĿĵĺջ˯类ŵò֪ȥ룬Ҳֻ̨ܸ˵ˮĥһ̨ī֭㽫һⳭ˯١
ռ䳭˵һ⡣
ǣʵ̫﷿ȴֵ
ԭ͢䣬˻ճ͢Ĺأÿֻ͡ʱһ٣δʱһ١ɺıʱ䣬ŵʮ㹩Ӧһͣĵһ͡
ղŻֿһʱѾ˳ʱ˵ʱ緹Щһ࿼ȴֻһʮ򣬴׼ʳĵ͵ͷûʱ²ˡ
ȿ緹ָ׼緹ˣ˰ЪǾһҲС
֣֮ڱͷջ﷿Ǳ߾ǳӲ˵ڲ˰ϵĵžʱЩꡣ
ùʱ򣬾Ȼ˳紵һζȴǻڰ͡ŨصĴëζֱŶѬˡ
ɤҲЩۣ̲סС
ڰԽпࣺεʱͲ˳ղбĻǹ˸ʮſỹǲĻ⣬зĿԳϮƾ汾£ܰĴʿҲòȥ
Ȼӱ½пȴѹ֣ղű۴ˣԴ˿۷ֿˣҷ̫죬ٴбꡣ
յ̾Ϣһھ콫ƪĿ꣬˯ˣʪ޽ס
ýͳⲿֳ꣬Ҫʼ𽲡
ʱ򣬶ͻȻĿ
װģ
̧ͷȥȴס
ۼڽͷ̧ͻȻͷľӾڵƹ
ڿף׵ľϻһδд׻һƬûк
ףԼҫҫûб۷֣ڿⳡϡ
֪ڹƣԼ־л̲סһŭȴһھһССۼ


329 
ԭڸճ𽲲֣հ˹ĵĸʽ𽲵ĿͷҪãԻߡԻʼԼʱ´⡣
ڸղűһң¡˳Իֺ˸㣬Ҳִ˵ϰߣԻ˵˵ֺ涼ҪӸðŵġϧ˿ɲñ㡣
һžӾл༣ˡ
һԼһСµڵ㣬Դˡһ
ŴĿȻûоһ˵ɿٶԿȵҪȴ˽̵ĳ̶ȡ˵»༣ּ΢Ҫӵһ߲
ˣڴʱ򣬶ǰڿٷĲݸֽϴòݸ壬޸֮ŹسʽľϡҲǹڴʱϰùݸԵʡ
֮ϣ鷨ֶޱҪҲݲøԡ
д˴֣ǾͲǿˣֱӾǿѧǹҪ˲š
ڵģ򻹲ҰȴС˵ĵջؽӵϡ
Ѿңû취
ֻһվ
棬׷شЦڼžĿԵͻأȻûڸղŷʲôܹƣȴһǳĵ顣
㣡ڷŭؿ
Цܹȵʵ㣡
Ǹղſף׿Դ˵ˣõڣʿеĴʿҲôá
˶ֹˡ
ֻᵽϡ
棬˵ȣסЦ
ӣҲôվǰɷд˾ӣü˵־
Ѿڰǰõ˿⣬˷ģ졣οԣ־ڱصáнʿӦûʲô⣬ΨһĵĳɼΣܷѹһͷ
͸ղſһɥӦдӵʱ˴ټǰѾ˸ǺڰڣֻҪһˡ
ģؿİ
³һ³Խ
УͻȻоԼ·ëкûκһƬ֮ƣƮȥǽǰ̡
Ժʲô˲𣬲дʫֶӪͶ˾֮
Ȼʫʣһ˹ˡ
ĻѸߣַʳҩҲ֪мû
δھģһ˻ϣ׾Ǵ֮δ൱ڻ¡
£ȵõʿ˹ٲүĿռһϯ֮أһʳ͡
ֻҪˣôҲŪƷ١ȵƣڣҪÿ
С㣬ߣڲһֻƾʲôǰڳһĹģнؽŪϣ֮֮֮
뵽С㣬ж⡣

Ժ֮еƻͨղſɧҾˡ
ʮ˷ͬٺͼԹٶˣϣĿ䵽׺Ļϡ
¶డ˿ǵɧңӻֿصãĻֻûһͻȻоҵĽʹ糱ˮ
ˮȪˮһƬ̾ͽϵ·ߵ͸ˡ
һζæϣݺⶥ۵òЩ˳ܡ
Ļһң촽ûѪɫҲףæʣԪʣɾӲס
ԴˣǼΪмġ˵ҲͬԴͬΪٶ꣬ĻЩɵ塣
Դ˵ΪλһˣΪɵڶǰߣ˺ܵĹͣžأžء
Ȼͬӷͥ
˷飬ֱǱһСˡ
ϻº꣬ΪѾϲŭɫ
һѯʣԵ쳣С
Ļһû£ëˣˣҲϣ޸𢣬ȴǼҫ˵ŻָָԺеǿڹײģٵó͢͹ײһڣֻܾϹᣬѡ
ǿڽиǵĹײģĻһ񣬶ȴˡ
æһȲ裬һ
ףŶֿǱˣ
ֿǻֿͨҲ֪ʲôһףֱԼұţԼ׳ɣҶϰôС
ôһайȻҲˡٴȥһͨѹ㽫ָˡڣԱǹҲû˯ڴأ
ױϾǴܲãô£Ҳòʸϸֵδõģ
δãаǸ־壬ѾѺԱһ˼һԼһˡ
ײΪ֪һüͷô˼ǲǲ̫ЩԱǳ¶ˡ
ĻһЦʵˣ£ȴ塣һԶԣһԱҿͬӪҲûʲôڶϴ֪·ղɧа˵ľ塣ͬըӪûʲô飬ȻоɱԴ˾Ͱˣùˡ
Ļ֮ҲͬĵذµľƽϢ¶ˡֻ⿼;ӪȻͬΪǧȴЩ𡣡
ףʲô𡣡
ĻӪ֮У֮ŨңȴɭýרעЦԽ⡣
ȴΪȻ촽˶ȴ˵Դ˸մ̰һò׵˸ǲȴΡ˱ԣֻ½ûʲôõȥ
ײڴԼĻҲûˣ࣬ʱˣͷһҿٶûʲôҪ£ȵġһ͵ľʱеæ
ͷԴ˵ǣˣãǵЪϢҲǱַǱߵɧҾġ
ȥ˯ɣĻ˻ӣֵ˵
֪ݣΪĻ˾̻
ԱߵͬٺǶаҡͷĻСˣֻ֪۸ʵˡ
Ҫ뿪ͻȻ䣬Ժ⴫һҵź
ȻġһƬ
ΣͬҹһѴ
淢ʲô
ô£ĻһĴ󰸣ʡ
ʱһͷǺܽ˵Ҳˣˣ󡭡ǣһȺʿȫȫװҪɱˡ
е˶վ뷢һС
дʲô˲ҪˣҴҪ췴𣿡ĻС
Ҳһæ۵𼱣ʲôݣɲ
ۼһĺһҲڳˣһʩ񣺡үĻԱţ˵ڸĸ߹үͽָ˾


330 
ҹһͣĻѲԶ¥ʱ÷
¥ϹŵĺڷһΣʮƻҡϢùԺ
濴ȥƹУһڽķ쳣ҫۣ󺰣ţţðһԷͬ
ԼķӲ۳ͻȥᵲſڵ¹Ρ
Ŷŵɫսս˵һϻֻǳ͢ƶȣȴҴ򿪿š
ȺǰͷȻվŸ߹
׺Ļͬ߹Ϥǰġȴʶ
ϸղ˵˳жʱһ߹֪ģȻԸҳ嶯ȴһç󣬶ϲַ˼֮£ոô󶯾ѵ⿼ĳ˾£
ҪԱߵĻһȣ߹ʲôô֪
ڸĸԱ൱ǰ࣬ƷߡԱһ㶼һְ˵ĻǰҲ飬Ʒȸ߹ߣԲ¡
߹Ц˭ﻹ˵ءĻҲͬԣ˵
Ļбй߹ŻеǸܲã𿼳ճлͬҽ
߹һ죬ŭãŴ򿪣ҽȥͬ˵
ĻҡͷɣҴĹأƾһŽԽʥҲš
ԱߣһĻŽ죺ԣ꣬κҲܽ㻹ǻȥɡʲô飬ȿ˵ߣﵱ˵˵Ҳɡ޲ɶԣνеöˣѲɸ໹л㽫ҹģɱڣθɣ
˱ϵˣ˹ڿ죬˵ݡ
߹ôҲ׸󳼣ľ֮һʲôʱôڿʱɫߵ˵ͷ´͢׷Ҳ
쵶ն飬ҹһξͶֻ࣬ǿˡ
ǸѶ֮ˣڴ֮ǰԥһǰ࣬ţҲ˳ȥ
˵ͷ͵شӱϳ´󹭣ȵͽѿ֮
ݣһһڹҷļХ¥ȥš
ҽһ͵ڵϡ
û뵽߹˵ɱ˾ɱˣԤףͬʱС
ִһָ֧ĻЦ𶯣˿ţһ㡣
Ļüָţһסˣ˫Ȳ֪ͣ˵Щʲô
ǱӦȥͻȻӵָ˻ߵشУɱˣɱˣ췴ˣ
˿ȥȴһѾ׵ͷ
ղһȥ˼ͷһǻʵģٷϻɱˡԴˣҪԹ˿ţ
ʱһֱû˵һȣѼ£߹ô£̫ˣʲô£㾡ͬ˵ǣŪộѵͲ¹𣿡
߹ף̬һθٵһ£Ҫ档ΣţȲѳ²ԡ뿪ţҽȥڳ֮£ȥӼǰ
Ȼֳһۡ
ˣ࣬뿪ŷ¹ٺ͸ȥ˼ɣԸ£ƾθ䡣
ƾʲôţĻС
׼ֵʵ̫֪߹϶в˵棬ͬοƾйء΢һã߹Ƕ˽˺档
Ļ࡭
ףĴ˽ֻ˶ʮ˹Ϊ˵һ仰ѣ˵˵кηǽ˵껰֮󣬱ȻҪ֮
˵úܴҲŸ߹
ףࡢǿԸ
߹ػ̹ȻҪġ
ףãţ
Żشˡ
˿Ĵ֮ϵһӵϡ
ƻͨյͬ硣
ղֳô󶯾ܲãʮ˷ͬ٣ʮٶˣռҲԵȻǡ
̾һ࣬Ǻαأʲô鲻ܵȿ˵
߹һȿˡ
Ļɫһ䣺߹л˵
߹мؿһۣСˣȱͬθ˵껰ٺúһ
״϶˵Ļʣ࣬л˵˻Եпٶȴ֪ղ˵ȿǾ⣿
߹һɭȻθ໳οԵĿй¶ˡ˸˿Ѳп
ʲôеĿٶгһͰҲɫ䡣
ĻһУ˵ں˵
߹ҲͬͣһӣֻЦ
͵վʣ߹¿ɲ˵ƾʵݣ
ȻС
Ҹû꣡Ļڽ
߹࣬ͷˣ
׻ش˰֣һĿǲǡԹأԳɷԲ֮Ķɡǹʲƾ۶ɢɢۡһһߵⱨ˳
ÿһĿڿٵݾͰһ֡
ȵ߹ĿĻǰȥ𣺡һղŴǿ̽ģ˵ʲô
߹Ц㻹ģǺãͱڶĿ⡣ڶһƪĿǾԳ䲻ݣʹΡΪ
ڱУͽڶĿ˷⣬̯ڳϡ
ڿһӿϣͬʱȥȴ߹һֲ
˵һߵĿ߹пڸղǴĻڶľӿɶǷڽģҲ֪ʲô
߹Ȼǰ֪ˣôȷй¶ˡ
ڿƳ״ϣ˵©ˣǿԿԲ飬ҲԲ˶ߡ
ϱְ¼ΪʿӲǳ¶ˡʵŭһɱ˸⡣ļξҲһԵģ֪һȥҶűŰɡ
߹Ҫ౳еĿ𣿡
û˻شҲû˵˵׵øֽƬһݶݿĻ
߹ͻĻͿȥ
Ļվڳǰɫȫǻƶĺ顣
岻סŶ£Ҳ֪ۻǺ¡
ˣѾѻ˵ˣθտֹͣԣѲ鿼߹Ȼ
ͣĻеһѣҲͣԣ
߹ҲĻֻ۾ףθλԵĴܲãأ
׻ص˵ͷ⿼Ѳ鿼ӡʥּû֮ǰκ˶뿪Ժ


331 ξ
УĻһУ̧űٵĹײģסţپڹԺſڣκ뿪ôҵʬϿȥ
ڿ֪Ǻá
ĻҲǼģ߹ףҹֲŴ䣬ڲ⣬ٵϱ
߹ɫһ䣬ֳȥĿдɱ
߸Ͽɲһ˵ģûڵطʱҲǸΪ֮ˣŭ׼ʹǿֶΣĻ¡
߹һԺνǽԴڿϣҲ̣һͽڵϵ崺ҪһʻӹȥԴ˴ڵء
ȴһЦԴϱΪƻԴܲáڸθִ񲿣й¶ж˵Σдʵ
˵껰ߵǰһӶͣдһݰֵӡ
λͬʣѾдӣǿԸһ
Ը
Ըܹʹ
ѹ佫͢׷׽ھͬһۡˣǰ浣ת
뵽Ҷим׷ǰȥǩԼ֡
һģĻֻøоʹϮ򼸲ϣͷȵҺӿ

һӣһӹԺһ·ߺʮ𼱣ʮ𼱣
ֱԷ
һ֮еƹ
˿ѵö磬ֵѾˡԱ˽ӻ߳ȥ糯ƣд󾪡
ǲİһλɹ˴ɱʱ
ҲһпڽϿ񱼴У飬ʮ𼱣

ѵɹɱˣ
԰ôû˵
۹񣬶ͣ۷׷ףɲ

ͬʱԺǱܶ
յž죬һɱеıѾճ峿¶ˮ
пţֹͣԣϱ𶯣ʲôߵſڣ
ô£
ôˣ
Ƕ̲סгߵդǰ뿴ȴһǹӴ˻
ֻùԹԵϵš
ÿſǰվۣ۾ضſ춯Ǽǹͱ˾ͱͱڵѪһء
ɧһһͬˮһ಻
һ۳ʲô״ֹûһʱ

ھһƬбѵġ
һԵͷһ˵ֱǲʹľ
ʱĻһֵʮſ֮Īǣɧ֮УԴ˼ٹ˽˸
ڳӵʱֱɧţСھ˸ڵ㡣
ɷòСнĿ٣˼ҸͲῴľӣֱӾӵһߡ
˸ǵùŪ˾ӣôοԴһʼͱһơ
Լķģмģ㱻˸ôҲŪͬʿɡ۵һ˵ͬʿŪͬʿҲòˡ
ǣʱû޸Һһ˵Ū˾ӣȴ޷롣
ƣҲû˼ڴӣڴ˯
Ϊǰ̫࣬˼ҹΣСֿʼˡ
ѾһûˣһͻȻΣֻصִ
ͬǰξʵͬεԵЩ¶ԴҲһƬģͺһԹڹ۲һ˵ǸУڿԼһİͼԱߵĹԱͬԼ죺ڣҪʫʵ̫ƧﻹЩ
𽥿նģȥһ䣬תһԼߣһӡݹ
޺ΣֱˣؾȻǹԺһʿ͵سһһǽθԼĴӡץһ׵ģ£

Ȼھˣ
ǱѵģǰһƬҡεĻѣ۵غϣȴ
һʱûŪ׾ʲô¶˴еϡ
۾ʲôۡ
ϣ͵һεξôͬǰһǰһζصִᣬûġȴμѵˣ
һֲͷ
Ҳ֪˶ã콥
۴򿪿ţеĿߵųһš
һмԹٹɭȻѣѣ˴ᣬһҲŹ


332 ץ׵
ôˣǶһɧƾһо㷢˴һֹͣеĿڿ⣬Σ˭Ҳû
е˶һľɣ˲ۺͼԹڳ˲Ҫ԰ӺƤޣСؽͷӶ
ʲôôˣԹŭһй¶ףô֮ܲͣг죬ʥּᡣ
˶˾ݷס
Ƴ׿һ󰸣һᷢʲô£˭Ҳ˵νʧ꼰㣬űǣȥ
ʵʱƳװһпٶԴصʿҲɱɱŵšνɱŹ˭Ҳ֪Լ᲻ᵹù
ǴȣӲϳ鵽ϣɼˣû취ÿǰ
ʹЩĿãȶΡ
ڿһʮľ˾ȻС˵óǧӣöŪƷĹ١֮ͷһɢӶùˡû취ֻӲͷƤӲТء
ѹֵĿ˶ѹԵͷȥ룺֪ˣ治ˡһڻֻȡʮһҲûҵķݶʲôа
뵽㾲
ƻسǵĿ֮Уһ䵹ºķı߰رӳõƿްв㿴ûмд
ʱǳѹһй¶һǱ˷ˣ⣬ǴӾй¶ȥġֵô󣬹ƵһⳡȻû취پȥ
Ҳãεľȱ˸ȻвСһ༣ۼһǰãֻԺҲˡڿԱͣƻ³ⲹȻ֪ῼʲôĿƾµЩģʱٳһƪõȥˡ
Ƿ·תһ
뵽ͻȻĪɣǰѹͷһɨա
ûףҲ鲻ϡ˵ĵλݣҲ½ڲ鰸ʱܵǣ
վڿſڣڿ˶һۣͻȻ죺װף֪϶ԤȵĿҲ׼ôеһжùĿ㻹ǰ˵ʲôҪ¶ǰѹһͷĴ󻰡
ѧʣҲǸŵˮ׼ܹõ˹ǹ˰æĺߵͷˡ
ϴ˼дֱץźá
дĻϲЦеؿŶס
ڴҲʶʲôһɷסڳĿ⣬ȴǿֱΣݺݵؿ
ÿᶼڲ鳭ֵܿˡ
ںôҲһʿҲؾصزڵ˵ûɡ
׵ĿᣬҲûĶŪһŻңҲù˵ɢˣ˵һطûзŹ
촽ס
ʧǣ׵Ŀȴûκ׹ߺС
˿϶׵˵õĿģһǰҵ˷ģҲ֪ж죬Ҫдûа취
Ҳε顣
һᣬ۴УԹٴˣҵһдˣһŷ
ˣ΢΢ɧͬʱתͷȥ
ͿһŷǸصڵϣʧȥ֪
дСԹٴȡ
۾ͽһָ׸ǴСС˹ԼָдС֣Ҳ֪ǿóʲôӣܿ
ˣ˷С֮󣬲С÷
ãˣϸ㣡ԹٳָָǸεڵصĿȥ˷һϸĴָϵһߡ
ʱͻȻ䣬һ赹ڵء
Թһݣָ˺ȵ˴ؿɣϸ顣
ͷûôܾʹȥ
Ȼܿҵ֤ݡ
׷ǳι˲ٸӡ֮󣬾ü˽ӷŽȻĿŸȥ棬׼˴֣ȿĿãøӴ
һĿᣬͿֻõĸҽС
ҲǵùûĿΪһй¶˳ֱ׽ˡ
ֻӣ˶ĿɿڴǼԹٸһҶ˵࣬࣡
β鳭ֺſջǲСһץ׵ġУдˣŸһˣھйؽڵһˡ
Ҳſס
λ¼ȡʼͣŰʮţֵʮÿҲ¼ȡˡ
У߸׵ľռ߸ʣһȴҪٶ
ʱǶһƬ󻩣Ƿߺޡ
ҲǳһΪ֪׿϶Ҳ׵ġټԼԤȱ˷ģ˵οԣĿϾ̫ӶҲ֪⾰ȥžӣ⶯Ҳʵ̫̫޼ɵˡ
ȵ˱ѺԹǰһš
ԹҪ˵ϼ仰ÿݵȺơҲ֪˭ͷͻȻӵ٣˾һĭȥ࣡
ӣ
˹
ֺܹŰ˸¼ȡЩС˾߸ۣǽǴסˣ
ۣ۰
һʱ䣬ĭ꣬µȫǡ
ԹһβһԱߣ˲ͱ˳ֱǽȥ
û˷Ҳöᣬȣÿſ뷸ͬʵ̫ңֹˡ
һƲ˿֮Уñ˼ڵأһ̤
״Լ֪й¶һѾ֣͢Լΰ죬㱣ʱõһߣһͷײשǽϡ
һҴУͷѪȪˮһӿޣһ
۶ֹ࣬˺һס˾棬Ҳؿ֮С
ͷϵҲ˰ˣһۼ˵ʹӻ﷿ץһѲľֱӸ˿ϣִϳһӣһͨҲֱӽ׹ӡȰ
ҶڿţһȻҲ뵣ġһ˶ֱӵ״Թٸղ˳ײδ䣬Ҫ뿪
һͻȻˣǵĿԻ𣿡
ˣʿҲʡ
ģġԹæſһΣǲƳٻȡġƻ죬һҪй¶һ³⣬ҶҪҪų͢еģܹٲһʿ


333 ³
ˣǵ㽥ȶˡ
Ҳ֪͢ôô£ⳡȻȥ
ڿշ
һ俼Ҫһ飬ƴ󣬲ȥԶǿǵĽ¡۵ĺǳ⣬ŹӺͱӵ飬ڴ
ҵòҡ
ҵɧǶľ
ʱһ˿
Ϊ̫ң緹Ȼû׼ڶǰ󱳣ЩʱЯļˡ
ʱĵӵʱ緹ˡ
Ϊ˰ǣӲˡһһһһ׷⣬һݳͺһ㡣ѵһøһ׾ơ
ҶùꨣϢƬ̣鶼ƽһ룬ץ׵İԴҶǺ£ܹùٻһ˿нʿϣ߸쵰ڣһ˿ϣҲûеġ
ܿҶʼԴ
ûпԣȻ˵ɿǻǾ˱ͬʾ⡣
ҲȻٱһЦȻһ
ɭϵĿʱ
ʳ󣬶úˣһɨֻ߷ֱȴЩź
ͽĿ䵽Ŀϣһµķ֡
˳Եûƫƫ׾ͬһǰһӶûжһ¡
к£˼ѹʵ̫ʳʰɣ
д⣬һ߹ʿʲô飿
ָָף֣Ӻûʲôʳܲܰķ˸ҡ
ԭǲеģڲûпԸ⣬ǲЦŻش𣬿Ƴװڻûиۡò鳭Ѿ鳭ץҲץˣҲûʲô£µҲɳڡ
⻰ͻȻ
ڵһվƺһںȸɾȻڵسϵķĭԣԣ
˻ߡ
˶ǺȻҲһۣúõһӾƲˣôˣ֪һһʳ˼ֻס
ڹЦ
Цʲô״󺰣ڣʲô
ŵæֱ֣Ӵ
˵໰һۣ֪ڸʲô˵ֱ߽ݾֻ»Ầˡ
׿ЦΪ濼㣬״СҲǸӡǰ˵Ǿ仰һڿƳϼ϶ᲹģҶҪڿƳӮ㡣
ڲмһЦҵţſ귢죬ҵ֡
ʵ̫ˣͣƣⲻ
극ûã˱仯һе۶ȥ˽Ͷķӡ
տʼó

Է
үү̫ڵϲסͷʹޣƽҲԱߺ۾Դᡣ
ºȴһЦվſڣĿȫɱүּɣȥЩҳӶɱˣ
УξϥϣһˮҪγѪ۾ȴţžĺ
ڼξ߻վĹ٣һڸžһžͬƵļξʮ״Ԫѧʿ
˶վɫ
ϵĴǳô飬͢ѾҳһţҵڣѾһȥˡڣξпžۡ
˵ôӣǣȥڸ󳼣ʵӦ׸Եġȴһʱ侹ȻǹɼڻʵѾʧ裬Ҳִ˿ɼšڻʵĿеķ
йȻϲɶǱѧ֮ʿ˵ã֮ڼξû˵֮ǰغ
ʵϱ˯ó٣ϴ˯Ƭ̣Ǳ߾
ڣûйۣʱЩͦס
շһŵҩҩҲջ
º˵ξѪ۾ʣº飬˷ɹѺˣ
º飺꣬׵ĿѾץˣѺڹԺһһٶʮһУдһһؽʮͨϢˡ
ž̲סͺһͬʱһƾٳ֮ʱзҲˣȴ֮࣬Ǻš
ף˹ģԹδšξЦ׹Ȼúò£
º飺סĻͬʮ˷ͬٺ񶼹ѺڹԺáѱƣ·ּ˾عԱ
죬ʲôξ͵վɭȻΪҪÿԣȵø³⣬Ҫģƾٲܷϲͣ


334 
ʵһ仰˵ҧأԵ쳣ɭжһȻ
ž˵ǣʲôΣƾٶδͣһΡ
ξͷߵǰպɰһдһ˵ţڸѧʿžͬ˾Ѷƻһ
˵꣬ѱϡ
ƽæʵ뷽ˣݸž
ּž΢΢ЩʧƳôһ£ǷףܲɵˣڸʸٵҲֻž
ȴʵȥӣԼЩʧ䡣
һĴûᰡ
ȴ֪ž֮Ѿչʾ˵βŻ󡣿Ƴװǣ̫һþͻһη粨ʵõʶ壬Ȩ䡣
ţΪƻ
һϲҲ⡣
תһ룬׹Ǹ󳼡ȻžͬڽʿȴҪѾʮˣȽټ״ԪܹסȺѾҳһŵĿ
ǻʵ۵ĽǰԷ̺꣬ڼξǰ˵Ҳ㡣
ɽͻȻɴ󿼹٣־ϲ۾м⣬ΡΡؽӹ뷣ּ£Ϲᣬѡ
ξһֲɱУʲôȥԺָ򣬰ʿǵģ˵˵ˣԼС
һ̲סʣ꣬ԼУôأȻŸҪڸиԱһ£ܲϽĿ
ξˣڸ󳼣ֲǿƾٳͲˡѱѺ߹ҲڹԺ޻˭飿
һӣ¶ͺͺֱֽϷɿдţĿ⣬ֱȥ޾Ͳ©⣿
±磬ֻ԰׵Ǻɫߵ紩һ»裬۾ˡ
ξڲģǾպԡһ쵢ʱҲҪڣȴҪһ£һߵĿ͸Ϊ治䡣ڶ徭һɷǷΥ͢ƣ
˵ŻͽĿ䵽ƽžϡ
žԳ棬ɡ
ƽҲͷ
ãɣ䣬ξѾдĿãӡ
ǡƽ˹ȥ
ξдһǸܲõӡ
ǡ
ʮ˷ͬӡ
ǡ
¼ַ⡢Թӡ
ǣ
ˮһдټôĿֻ֮Ѿдãûпǡ
Ҫ֪ƾٿԵĿγ⣬нĿǰûг̫Ƨй˵ɣΥ͢ȡʿĳԡ
ĿҲҪ߱һĴԣҪֱֻӳĻ
ˣڳʱڸ󶼻֮鿴ǰľڣ顣
ʵ۾Ȼܹһ˲ͽĿףɼξĲѧѧڸԱǵͶ١
ͬٺٵǰҪá
񣬻ʵ붼û룬ʾȻԤ
жһݣүƽռ俴ô£߶߶ģʵн

²˳٣ʵξ˼Ѿˡүιһǿ͢͸ôǿƣʵҲ˵ͷٹߵ͢˵ʹ
ӣƳôһ׮װӣ͢޹⡣ڣҪˡ
ԣʵԲͣ
ѾһһҹȻɾĿɵȵ콻ӣ֯볡ûһ졣
Σٲܵˡ
ͬٺٵ֮ȥټæµ죬ĿȥԺ
Ժӿٵ۶˸飬ȫˡ
սţһε㱨˰졣
ȵ֮ʣϡࡢԴںδ
ش˵˵Ļ߶λүǶȥ˱ãȺѯʣ׵ĿҲȥˡֻǡֻǡ
˵£ſʱЩͷֻʲôл
ͷϵĺˮһĺ£ֻǡĻԴҲ뿪
ֱ׽˾ǣõô鷳
죺ش˵ĻԴڹײϳ˵Ҫ¡˲ǿϾԴ˳͢ƷԱֲﷸŹײ̧ȥڽ˵ҽУĨڳ͢ϹײĸӰɣ±
ʲôӺòҪ
øǴɣ
ĿǶһߣеѾʼˡ
ȴЦˣǸ֮ˣ˻ӣԴ⻹ˣƤȥˣʱȣûҪΪ鷳գϻָ׼԰ɡ
ǡ
ڿһӿ룬Ծλ
Ƚ˴ãͿ˵һĻ
ֻĻǿڹײѾ̧СţĻһ棬һ
˼ԴˡĻ˶ȴûǡ
ԴˣƻĿй¶һϵпٶҪȥõȴ˾ѯʡ͸඼ѾȥˣǲҲùȥ
Ļ۾ˣһûףװףȥʲô
ԴҲǽʿҲ֪ƾٶһʮ꺮Ķ˾ζʲôĹкؼ䣿Դ˽ôȥã˵ˣµĿѾˡڹײסãҲͳ
ͳʲôͳͳˣĻ͵Ƶĸܲã޲ߡʲôµĿ٣ڸûУ˾ûУСƱûУ
ûУǬٶϣڴˡ
ĻЦȻûڸƱ˾죬ǾĻӡ˵꣬ȥ
εЦЦҪԸһԱԴˣ˸ԣˮȥæԼĻ
ʱ˵ĳºˡ
ºһžͿһĻЦ˻˻֣ˣֱװס죬װߣ
ķҪǰĻһµԼߣͷġ
ºЦҪ浱Լˣ
һ࿼ҪȫãҪӡĿֽһæһôȥˡȵڣڿʽˡ
־һһҹǶΪ
̬ȷǳͰҲûдܲõļӣٿʱŭʱº͵Ȱοϼ䡣
ټϿ˵βĿɻʵƣܡһܹУ˵Ǳʵȡеģ׼
вˣܹʵƵĿҲһֵҫ¡
ˣƽ


335 ⣬һⲻ
ڱΪôӣ͢϶ͣԣȵٴοʼϾ㲻ˡȴ룬ʱ򣬾ӺĿֽͷˡ
ɼĹϵȻӷӴЧʵ¡һ£ǺЧʵġ
ҲΪŻЧʣžľøĸŵ˳СȻڣϵıĿʧȻҲ̸ʲôЧˡ
õĿֽʱڻЩš
ʷѾױĿȫǣǰ׼ķҲȫòˡ
ȻҲ֪ξʮĻԵĿʲôԼܲ
ֲЩ΢΢ԴЩ˾һĻ硣
չĿֽ˿ֶʶôҲ벻澿˵Щʲô
鷳ǣͻȻˣצһһţᣬ޷ձʡ
״̬Ȼû취ԣֽͣС¯𡣽ֶպ˵ľ̿˰죬ֱʹϮʹĴ˰죬չˡ
ϿůˣӲ´ֽһǽһĿ
һ⣬ǰǳ
һĿǡԻУԹһԡƪġ˼ǣһԸΪĿĶµĻ˵Թޡ˴ҪТΪء
ڶǡԻΪУΪΣɳԡġʡƪ˼ǣܹԭңǻʲôأԭңôʵأ
⣬ԡӹǸ⣬ԭǡԳҲԵҲ֮ʼǹʾӳ֮Ϊ󡣳߷ԳɼҲԳҲ
гĵ˳ɾң·ԼҵġĹᴩʼգûгĴھûˡԾӿسġгĵ˲ǽڳɾԼԳɾΪΡ
⡶ԶԣܡĿʵǡԡӡһִĳѧ
ĵĿڳһ
ĵĿУǧ䣬Ŀô˵ġԼеİ˹ɷĵУ׵һƪ
ڵһڶ⣬ҲǴ·
ΩΪȥ¾䣬⿼еĿУ˭ؽⱾ鵹
˵ʵڻҲûʲôˮƽĿ򵥵˷ָ˵ǻԿͯԵʦǣҲ㽵Ѷȡ
һ󸹷̣ЦҲãҾ¿ٳƧĿһʱȴҲõķġִ·Ȼ˻ҲңҺôгǧƪĿɹѡ񡣵ʱһƪõĳȥˡ
ͷͬ͢Լʺ͹ļƪƷɹϮ
⼸˿ɶǰ˹ĸ֣ڵʱʷУҲˮ׼аϵۡؤ
⿼һྺ֣Ѳ˶ͨ
һܱò
ɰлᣬһһöһصĴѫ¡
뵽ֻЦ
·תĿ֣֡ôڣѲңʵ벻нʿѡ
ʵ̫˷ˣҲ˰ƽĿ䵽һϡ
һⰴһʫ԰ϡ
ĿǡƲɽȱ롷ɽϡ
ԴˡһһƬհס
ֻһڣѲ
ʵ˵һʼĿʱһʱûع֪仰ʲô˼
˰죬֪仰˵ǣɽһƬɽɽ֮Ŀ϶ˡ
һҲʲôʫ䣬߶ʱʹá磺ȱ²
¾ɶԡҰʱөҲɶԡɽʱڡСٸ˰ٰʮ
ɴ˿֪ڳĿʱҲû룬ժôһӳ
Ϊ̫ƽЩûԵĿ˵ֹϵһ˵ĻԿϡ
·Ŀڲ£ĿǧǧеǷĿɳ
ƧĿҲ£˹ĸϲĥĿ⡣峯ĩ꣬徭óĿ˳ˣ˵ÿһӺ涼ϰƪġ
ǣĿʵ̫СƣûġУҲ˼սӣԻ
ңͷʫϱ٣ܹӦķѾ
һ⣬ȴûзĿɳ
⡭ֻ취ٴԽִᣬܲȥ顣
ǣͷܿ챻ڴˡξдԽִûԤףҲԼơһδִʱͻȻξ˵ԼԺٲᴩԽˣ
ѵҪԼд
ڳһȻһʫʦĵλдЩǧž䣬ǳϮİԼдһף˵ƨͨèƨҲͨ


336 ǳ
¶ʫʫ䡣
ʱǸʮ߰꣬Ǽ͡û֪ȴһʮ߰Ĵꡣִᣬ类ƽĥľˡ
˵дʫƽƶʫףʫҲϼ䲻ҪҲ÷ֳϡԼԣʽĻȴó׳󣬸˵ҪĿ
ǹϵԼһĴ£ˣǽǰ̡
һֲд󣬼Լǰļ˹дһҪٰѾӽֽ¨
в˽ʿԼľ˹ܹȥıƷĹְʲô壬ûнʿⱲӻͻڵͼŶ˻졣⽮ù١ڸĸ߹٣˵ԼԵˡֹӼ쵽ڸԱģٶ꣬Ҳͳôһûвοֵ
Сܹ֮󣬿׵Ȩƺһֺڻʵõĳš
·ʺȥߣСϱͲŻڣΪҪӣûвμӽʿƿԵģС
ڲǰôһȻ׾ȥֻҪ»Ȼ
ǰ̳ʦҲȻ
ǰΪĿҥдʫ֮ͨСϵԣ֤Լ
ȴһͨʫû취ˡ
ڽɨأڻʵò׽ĵλҲȻ޴桪һϮߣ°ܻʲôʸӽ׷۾֮Ǻõˡ
һ뵽صĺھͺ߳˴󺹡
ǰֻϵĿֽǧ
ɥ̲סֳǱ߿һۡ
һĿ˼򵥣׵ѧٲãľҲСӶֺּޣ֪һĿᣬҲ֪Ҫʲôӣ
һȴһ
ȴûжʣͬԼһӺ棬һޱ顣ֻ۾Ѿһľضǰһһ˸ĵƹ⡣
԰ⲻ׵ķôк棬ɥϸع۲ס
һͶ˴Լʮʱ䡣
ͷβ׾ͬľһû
ѵҲ²⣺Ŀ˼򵥣ƷȻڳɶҲһ֮㣬ŹĲ˵ѧеġִ·һİ˹£ʾУѲô֣ʲôأ
˾ڸʲô
ģĥʲôڶҪ׾ˣпЦ
ʫû취ģʫֶûĶû֣뵽ģҲûзӡ
̾Ϣһһһҹз̫£ûкúϢ﷢˯ϣ챣ӣԼٴԽִᣬܲܲ鵽ͬʫ
ֻҪٴԽһξ͹ˡ
һΰɣ

ǽĿǰΨһ취
˯
Ҳ飬¯ˣúжﻹůͣͺ˿ҲҶ룬Ż˺ӡ
Լ۵ʵûþ˯ˡ
ҲΪʵ̫̫࣬𺳣һ˯Ҳʵ
εȷˣϧ˶ŹװصϾξУڿԼͶ껨̨ϼʯͷ
һţһţһţһš
󣬵ڷһʯͷʱͻȻ俴һʮ۵ĸվͷϲ룬ݰͷʽЩ֣Ƥ𪡣
ʹԼʮģӺݻĴ顣
ԭĸףִȥĸס
ֻ֪ΪʲôŹ˵ѡ
ھһ˹涼ˮ
һ˲䣬ףִԼҲȥˡΪʲôĸһװΪʲôԼξٲִĸ¥ãֻԺ͸ɾİ칫ҡ
ڿ˰ΣȥĸĸĪһˡ
ȵˮˣڲŷѾѾ峿ģ
ҹõ֮󣬿ǳҹﰲాҹ⡣Ƕϰȴݸ壬ȵ޸ϣ¼ʽľϡǵٶȣһĿҪҹ㣬˿̣Ӧö˯
峿ʵĻްУԺԼĥ
ǿһʱ̡
ڵĿỹŵƣ̲ס̧ͷȥ
׻û˯ȴˮ
д棺ֲǲ⣬ʲôѽ
ں°
ûб˲ɣѾƽ񿼳е׵Ŀܲãʮ˷ͬ٣٣ӡˢ˶һ򾡣ʲôӣǷ鵽ͷϣδ֪
ûв´ӦǴӾй¶ģǵһõĿˡۿһ飬϶鵽ԴͷˣǿǷ֤ݣ϶Ѳ˸ϵ
˵ѾȫˣѶȽ͵˷ָ
ĿƧ˵Ҳãǡǡû׼øΣøʿĿʵڼ򵥣˻Ҫϰȫƾ汾£Ѿ׽һ˵ɱˡ
ײŻǲɷһ࿼֮УҲµȡ
Ȼһ£һƵĿгԼв˲šξʮĻԺǳ˼Ļңľ׸ʱУһƺ״Ԫɡ
ʮһôҲ䲻ͷϡ
ʿǼַųҪһǰ񣬻в˵ġ룬
кЦСˣ㾡˿ǳ˻ζˡҲɶ
Цϣ̾Ϣһ군ˣءҲҲ˴鷳
һжʱˡ
һ̨˵ˮĥīͼ滺ĽԼƽ
ĥ˰죬̨ˮˣī֭Ҳճ״
ּ˵ˮñպˣ룬ڲݸдƪʫĿ
ɽдʲôȴһƬհס
Ƭ̣˰죬Ŵճ˵һ䣬һ֡
˿ò⣬ñʻˣֿʼд
дֻأһŸѾˣȴǲ֪дʲô
ת۾͵緹ʱ䣬Թ˿ֽķϻȻصڿϡ
ѵҪֳһЦ
ѵδԽչһʧξ
緹ҲûԣǾôţһһ˿Ѫɫ
ڿԵ˰죬ʱɿعȥˣȴûΡ
ȵڣźȻһĵڶôȥˣʣһһҹʱ䡣һһûдôȥɲǰ취
һҧʫʱˣȰǰˡ򣬾ҽʫճҲûʱ䳭ĵ⡣


337 ټϽ
ܲѵʾڻԲڣǰռõʱҲһȥֻߵĿ
ǵڶϣҪվҲ˵ڻһһҹʱԴ
Ŀгһʫᣬÿһǧģ
ԴӷǦֶ֮ѾһʱûëƪģָЩɬҲдò
ңϴα״ھ»༣ǰ֮ŴǳСģٶҲ
һһ䣬дСģصĵز
һֱ׼ĹݸէһۿȥͺǸӡˢ鼮ȻûκԿԡ
ҲΪȵһƪǧֵ³꣬Ѿ˰ҹ
ֻҲΪ̫΢΢̡
˵Ҳ֣ǰڿ޼ƣ쳣ǷϡɵȵһĿ꣬ȴĪһɣһֺĸо
ɼ˹ͷ룬ȴ⣬ܵҪЩźá
ֳĿһۣһǡԻУԹƪ峯¼ҷľɵĿƷȻϳˡʵ۵ʦѧʶԣ峯ɽǰ֮С
һƪö̹Ͻ֮͸¶һʦơ
һԣѾ㹻ʹڽ뱸ѡУǿϹӣӶõģͬٿɶǺԺľӢ۾أ˵ܲ״Ԫῴĵĺô
ȵһƪ꣬ڳ׷Ҳɳˣоǰδеľ⡣
գȺú˯һʣµ£˵

һһ죬ѵú硣Ҳûȥʫ飬ץʱ佫˹д˵
ǣһ磬ڶꡣ

ʱԽԽȣȵ緹ֻھͽӵһߣɿ˵⡣
Ȼǵ⡣
ʵ̫ˣҲ΢΢ЩΣȴǺˮ
׵𴲣Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˯ġ
֮󣬵ǲˣǸľګģôڿţ˿
ԼæҲû˼
Ҳ֪ôˣԱ俼Ŀһмͷˮи̨ī֭Ѹɣ̨ˮ缱ԵĥīԼ̫ͣī֭ɽһǡ
мԹٺ۴ӿǰСѴץʱ䡣
ͷбת۾͵ӵӣһԼһСʱɡ
㽫һ⡶Զԣܡ꣬ûκ˼ʶؽһĿдھϣд£Զ·ãɽưȱʯ߰ߡ
ʮһд꣬ͬһըһ䵽ϣгʫ䡭ôдġܰܡʫͷ⡭ҼǵǰûбͬĿķģҵ汾£Ҳдľӡ
⾿ô£
Ҳȥëʡ
ʸӵһ˲䣬ľҲˡ
ǳ⣺էӹȿڻ
Ȼɣ׺ֱա
кħһҲͣЩʫһһǱŤ˵ˮͷסð
Ӱģʣ᰹Ʈ䡣бһǣǧ򡭡
ɣɵ׳御

ʱˣûǳãڼҪ쳤Х׳糱
һʫȻȲ˵ǧƪȴҲ㲻˵ʫһʫİ˹ģͬѧҲûκιϵƪʫԣø߷֡
ټǰƪ˹ɾƷģ˵ʿѾ֡
ںûκѶȡ
ڶһƪӦдǲʡ㲻óϮԼдҲйоء
ʿҵģ
ЦͻȻ䣬͵ʫôԼðġһδԽִʱξУϽһʫĸӡݵԼС
һռٶʫ裬оһסƲɽȱ롷
ʫƽڹʮμӻʱһ꣬˸ж׵ʮͬʿ
õĿ֮ξͽˣԺҲû취ٴԽִ硣һһڿ϶ѾĿ졣
ԼڽҪͷͻȻ
һеһУȫϽİ
ͻȻһԣҲزִˣҲҲͼݣ칫ͬ¡
ټǣټϽ

һᣬˮ


338 ϱ
ʱ֣ǹվӡ
žӺĿֽվդſڣСĵص˹ȥ
һʵڼ򵥣ףǶһɡȻҲʶĿԽ򵥣ԽңƵ¼ȡٵףֻǰȻȻشǡ
쿼Եʱ˻ûӣڿֺֿŵ飬ȴûз
Ψһʱףڽŷɿشûˡʱ̧ͷȥֻľһ
˼ûзӦˣֻѰԿ״šһסʧһδд
Ҳһݣ˼򵥣ӦѲˣ׾Ȼ׾ǿƳװ·֪֮ԼҲ㲻ȥѾױ
ߵۼײǣӾҪ
ȴ̾ϢһˣѾˣҪΪ
һˣأҿǴǶ˵ģ㷢ٹŹֵҲ⡣
ͽ׵ľۼ⿴ףȷʵһƬհס
۶үӴҲǰ취˹ӰүǵĴȡ
ҹû˯ҲûԹ˿̵ͷҵøȲһ涼۹ʺʺˮͿһò󻰡ҲǶ˳в̣ˣûаűˡʮ꺮ȵþһ죬ôҲ˼ҿ꣬˲һ׮Ը
ۣүѾ˰׾ľӴ컨׹Ҳвˣα
ҡͷûзҵҲûȡĿʸ񣬾աжףٸϳ١
ʿеܸߣϾ״ԪμӻԵһʿѾĻ̳ո¶ͷǡžټ̷ڵѾȡǰƲĳΪһĻ֡
򣬿ǳãվҲû೤ʱ䡣
ڿʱڶֽͷˣһƪТժ¼֣һƪÿѡگھʽһƪ¡
ڶĿĿʵʷһ龭⣬Ƴװ֮ĿҲˣȻû취ϮҲûйصķġ
ͬһʫʱ޼ƲͬûпɳϮģҲʮ㡣
Ŀǿ
ϸ˵ĿǻعдڻʵôʱĲ飬ò졣ң½ѧʱѾдҪ˵ԼҲ֪ƪͬ͵¡
ңĿǰҲģ֪еĴ⡣ûзĿɳƾԼдҲø߷֡
ĿĲʲôĶҪȽʽȷһٷ㣬ʽˣܵʮ֡ΣʾҪֱۣڶʱ򲻲壬ˣٵöʮ֡ټֹȥõˡ
ΪûзĿɳԼһһã֪һԼԿ첻ˣõĿ֮ҲûæȥԼһ⣬ͷ˯ˡ
ʵ˵һ쿼Կνһۣ󱯺ϲû˯ֻûþٲúϢֻ;֧Ųȥˡ
ڿϣ濴˿׻һ綹˸ĿҲǵƻͨ
ֶмžĿЦЦ˵ȷһܷվʵֻһİ˹£ֻġһǿۺĻʣڶǶԹĵĴԱǵ
дعʩԲǲʵȨְĻʵͣǾǳײᱻٳˡ
ڵһĿԣڷǳ⣬ֻҪ⣬ǹˡ
ϣžܳɡŶûô죬ڶһ꣬ǰʮһ˶͸ò˰ɣ
ôţҲ֪Լʲôʱ˯ˡ
ڶѵó٣ȵ𴲣˵㶫˵ˮ˱衣
ȵȲ轫һȵ̩ͨˣҲѾһŵ˼·
һȻ˵گھдǰ̺ڻʵߣͬگ򽻵öˣҲ죬ѡگơ
ҲûŴʵʵڲݸ˸٣ֽ޸һ顣
ˣſʼд塣
һôȥˣһǧֵĲݸⶨ
ʵϣдֶڳ֪Ҫ١˵䲻Ļһ࿼Уگˣһֶֻ
Ϊ˰ڼ䣬֮С
ڶգڿ˰죬ֽݸ峹Ʒ˸٣д˷ݲݸ塣
Ҫ˯Ҳ٣ҹӿ˼飬ȥ޸ֱΪֹ
ʣµ飬ǽʽ¼ھϡ
¾һɡ
ȵ糿Ȼ֣ڶ졣»žǺãҲʱѰ
ңⷴд֮Уھоһ˿ĪĳʵͿ֣ϲ֮ͺũ򿴵պ˶ۣȴǳϮܲġ
ףⶼ˼ȥġ
һ˶ľˣͷһһڵĳԣȴ˯һҹһҹؾϵҲȼһҹڶҲˡ
ڶľȥ֮󣬿Ҳһľӿˡ
˿̣ڹԺ͸ܲüʮ˷ͬٺ棬ǰİ϶һӣǵһѡĺ֮
ӶˣΣܲ۾Цʡ
ǵôۡ
ѾǴˣԽԽߣֵôȵоһëëܲ
ӵƤҲЩɳڣϾʮͷˣ죬Щܲס
ǳƽһжڰͰɵؽУ˾
û£õϢ
ܲãѾˡͬٶͬʱӦ
Ŷ˵˵ǳ⡣
иܲûصˣһ¼ȡʮһԱΪϱÿʮʵϣһĿԾѾܹԱܷù滹ľҪοˣճ͢ƣʮһ֮⣬ѡ˰ʮһž򲹡һһʮ׾ӣѾѡˡûžӣÿĿ涼ͬٵֻȴܲж
á˵ͷɣ̾Ϣһһʿ֮Уֻһʮܹ˸λۡ˵ʣѾû塣û֮ǰ˭֪˭ߵսսҲ龫ǣ
ճ͢Ŀƾƶȣϱİʮһȷ֮󣬵ȵ꣬ٲһºľӣû⣬ˡ⣬ʹӸѡѡʹڵľš
˷׷׵ͷһһȥǵһϡʣ£ˡ


339 ֪
ʵϣȻԸҪܲõĻ࣬ҪΪ
Ϊĵһ쵼ֻԱ߾ߡָǡε飬Ȼͬٺ͸ܲȥ졣
ûʲô⣬ܲþھдһͨ
ȻϾ٣ҪһƪһƪӶ꣬Ҳûа취顣
ζѾˣڵľΣ˭˭УܲҲ⡣ֻһܲܳݺþӣܹʿ˵ŷ¼Ϊ˵Ĳοϡ
ˣپǹԲҲù⡣
λԵĿʵ̫򵥣˻ΪôֵĿʵףȴдһк£Ȼһʱ
α¼ȡľӣͻȻЩڴˡ
мݾӲ˵üáܲЦеؽǰľ͹ȥܲÿԿ
ǰ¼ɰд׵Ҳ˭ľӡ
ǷʦݾӶõ˼ߵۡ
ùݾӿ˿Ƕ³ʫʲ̫ϲҲûһʫֻ˵ĵ˹Ŀٵһ顣
ýһãĵĿȻҲˣΪˣдȴѡд⣬ֲƫôӱȴ̫̫ƧеĶȣȴðաҿƪ£ûпۣһ̸ȴд˿˿ۣ˳֡úúãƵѡõ˲ˡ
˵꣬½βʦдһ֮ʣݾȡˣֱս
ܲһֱߣȻµ֮ߣЦˣôҲžӶ˰ɡ
ʵϻ֮󣬲վǵԣֻҪܹйвμӵԵʸͿԣȴҪаİʮһڵԿǿٲҲøͬʿҲһƷĳ͢١
ڻԵΣֻһοֲܾ˭ܽԺ˭ʿ
ҲΪˡ
һѣֳݾӸԿһۣԥݾϵ¶һɫû취ֳߵ
УٵˣݾӻҪúãѡѡ˭ȴΪҪ
⻰һ˵ڣɫͱˣȵ˵ʲôѡ˭ѡ˭ƾѵл˹ؽڣҪӦˣ
⻰˵أ˵
ɲСʵ飬ͻ˽ܲ¡
ܲȴ壬СЦʮ˷ͬҲͬʱ΢ЦѾĬ
һͷˮôˣȿ˱٣
ܲݼ¹˵Цʣ˴ԼѾʿŵˣҲв˶һʿʲôУʲôвˣҲ¹
ͷ᱾ǿȴвев֮ʿвУҪΣÿĸ񡣡
ԣۺϿǣʲôУʲô˲УҲܲ¸ɡҵȴԼ˼һ£ƻԣϰļߡ
˵˭ˣһȻ˳츮Ŀڣ˵졣ǰҲʱľӣȷʵþˮ׼ò˽ʿиͬʿӦòѡһʱУ˿˲ʿһӦòС
ɻʣղ˵ףѡ˭һʲôҪ
ʱеŭѾƽϢ֪ǲǺͿͨ˹ؽڡ
ܲõܹȡΪƵĻԪ
ΪΣ˵ڵľһݣ˭֪ˣɡ
ܲõ̳һʦеһҵȿҲй⡣¹ǰڵϢһ鲻Ҫһ
˵ȥȤ
ܲã˵Ͼʱûнѧöһ飬Ҳѧ˼ꡣȥسɶ֮󣬲ŵһβμӿƾ١һȥͯءԺ˵һСԪ
˵Żܲ̾ʱ˸ͷԪڻʵٵõһʱø״ԪСԪԲһ׮ѻ˵Żһ￼Ҳй⡣
ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ЦڵľӾһݣûбѡ񣬶δ֪˵Щ
ȻһͬЦվߵǰһʩ񣺡¹٣Կ϶ںʱеľӾݵС

ԵľѾȥˣڿһ£зĿɳ
λɹ
ȴ֪˿ڿĴ﾿ʲô


340 ͷǶ
Ժ
ȻһͬЦվߵǰһʩ񣺡¹٣Կ϶ںʱеľӾݵС
Ǿˣ˻ν⣬Ѳɽƾƪ¾ܲ³˭
ǡǿ΢ЦŵͷܲȻ״ԪһֱʱְɣĶʵְƽռֻûôɡ
Ҳ̾Ϣһٹæһֱûпж飬ܹ͵øУһ裬һ飬ȴǿ֮¡ϧȴ࣬ΰ
٣ͬܲòͬ¹ٵںԺְͬĸ塢鼮򽻵ʿеǳںʱеշУʫѾӡ˲ٰ֪汾¡İ˹£Ѿɿġķġ⹦ߣһϸĴĦ
ôһ˵⡣
ҵںԺռͼ飬ʿ۷У˵ļӣǶܶΣǵķҲ졣
ЦǵӹʰԼǰںԺ׫ӣҲи̾
ǣһ£˵⡢˵±ҲʱеºȽʱԼֱ࣬Уֱָģһ𽲣ƫһкǧȻΪ֣˵úܣһ˻ѧڣ򲻺˵ÿһƪ¶вͬķ񣬺ش̸ʱƹۣȴ˰ղ͸
ڿٶһ̾뵽ܲö˵Ϥ
ָָеݾӣ˵ݾӶسȣ׼̿㣬÷ǳ͵ʱз˵ʱеľ棬š϶˵棬˭ҿ϶
˵ЦһʿĶô˵أ䣬ÿһƪ¶д볣˲ͬĶ
һЦܲǼξʮ״Ԫ˭˲֪ϴȺʵǸҲʵģֻ£еĿľӶζ·
򣬿֪Լϲƽʵص֣ΪͶãȻҽ̫Ʈֻ̫Ҳ⡣
ʿ±仯ˣʲôֶãҪѧҪѧʱУҲʲô¡
⡢˵ĲŻͰ˹ı£ضǰ档
Ȼϵ˭Ҳ˵׼㲻˶ûž
ڣҲǲ²⡣
ҲεҡͷĦĿζڻúҲ⡣μӿƾ٣Ҳˣ
ˣҶһ£ƻԵҲȤý
Ȼƪ¶ԣдüáΪͬһҵʱҲףܹ׵طֳºûҲ©˲š
˷׷׵ͷ
˵׷ֳºûȴƪ¶һη֣ô֪һڣһʱУ
͵ÿһʫˣһϴżʿԴ֮ٲȻһʫڡʫȻϸĸʽȴѲڡʱкͬڱʫаʤڵʫһһ˵УȻǺȺ벻˷Ҳѡ
˵ֱ꣬ȥݾӵһҳʫһһָܲãݾһʫãõһȻڵˡ
¶ȥɵľοȥ
͵ڶݾӵʫ˵ʵڻһ㣬ʽƽƶԣҲͨȴûʲôɫ֮Ҳ̫ӡʫ䣬һڿľҲɫ̸Ķ
֮ԱѡǰҪǰƪ˹дʵڳɫ
ݾӺ涼ͬٷʦжʫпϵۣ϶ŵ㣬ҲָеĲ㡣
ݾӣдһۡˣݾǱܲõ˹
ȿһžӵʱ򣬿ٵǳãþ䣬лȤһɼʫȡ
ԼǷʦôлˣһУ޵鳬֮ʣ֮˼
пɲһȥʫ
һͿζ̲סԶ·ãɽưȱʯ߰ߡէӹȿڻɵ׳御ãʫ
ʫϸ˵ʫҲеһ֡ƫƫʫа˹ĵϽҲʫʵζƣ
Ŀ佱˿ٶ΢Ц
˵ܲã˾ضʿֱʣҲֻһʫڲĶʿİ˹ķ仯ˣһʱ䵹ҲҲдʫʾѹƣҲǲضزסҵõһԪˣһڵø״ԪСԪȫˣҲҵٵҫ
˻һ˵ڣ˶ǡ
״Ԫϣ棬û궼һ
Ԫߣδֹ˵дСԪ
ξʮĿƾٳôһǿҪǽʷġſҲзʷһʡ
˼֮֮β˾񿺷ܵ޷ѣ
ô˵λͬʶȷˣǷݾӿ˿Цʡ
״ԪںԺ˶롣̺˺ܶһʱ䣬µɣߵǵ͵̣׸һְѾŵ顣֮ʮͷֵ꣬һЦȴϡ
Ȼ
ܲãҵȼĳȫμѻβһ
øԶǰʩܲÿȡԪ˵ҵȿƳףǵʲôôܲòõġ˾ַ쵽¼ʮ㣬Ҳûңףͨô׼Ҳ˿йؽڵɡȡҲ˵ʲô
мԹͷʾ˾ûκ⡣
нŵܲãƳ֮ϳ֮ⲻȡҲǳ£ҲٵȨޡ統ŸϲμԣΪŽ̫С˾ˣʲô¡³ľӣˢȥųɾһ̳ƳѻҲû˵ò԰
ͬʱȷʵ
ЦҲȡݾӣ˵ЧŰ׹£ȡˣȴйҪɾԪʢ١ô˺ۼࡣǡ
һ٣λˣûУЩٵģʿǵǰ̣˵һãһȡ˭ȡ˭ƽ𣿴ҶǶʥ飬ƾٳġ˼ǽǿ֪˼ô룿
˵͸ϾǺԺѧʿĸôһ˵صͷȥ
ȡ˭ȡ˭ȡ˭һƾֻ֪ȥˡݾӣ
˵꣬룬дһ֣ݸԱߵĸܲãʣ㿴׵
ܲÿһֵۣݸڿķʦ
ʦһ¶ϲɫܲĵ˽¹
ٶΧȥȴʫĺȻ˵оһ
Ƿǳõ
˶СЦˣһƻԵĻԪǶˣֻҪĿ⡣


341 ʹ
ڶĿǽˣԼԭûϮΪ÷ǳõġ
ͶջʵֿȴĳϮ᲻ġ
Լһ£һдһٷּ㣬Լ۴ıʻǸʽϿ붼õʮϡ
ټǰһĳɫӣöˡ˹ǽʿֻٲμһϵԡ
˵ˣֿԸҲṷ̂һ˵ֻҪ֮ܽǽʿˡ
ʵ˵һĿĿڵϣĿԼûзĿɳϮ
ԸۣһҲ£Ǻͱֽϵʱ
ͽ·ˣʾУôдɡ
дȤܳ׷ӳԼԽ˵ļʶ
˵ˣĿһҲһֲҲ졣ʱ䣬ɲû찡
ڲЩڴĦȭƵһ
ɵõĿֽȴЩɥ̫ˣĿᣬصķġ
ʱЩڵǰ̫Ŀǰ׼Ūȫûսԡ
ڸоЩزþڿ¯ˮݲ衣ͷһխС죬紵Ϣʿĥīĵ̾ȵˣسһƪȥоֹͬˮ
һʵòȤζԡ
һǣס죬ηУ
漰׾е̿дкֵܶһ˵Ķ
ڶ⣬ʷ֮Ī־顣һÿϸ˵ʷб־ĸôдʷһ㶼б־顢ǡȼƣǡдĳһصʷֱǾˡɱ־ֶۺ¼־еġʳ־Ҫø߶ȸʱʷеľȡᣬη¿
⣬̻֮ˣѧУдĽƶȡ
⣬񡷴˾֮о˧á䡢֮Ƶ±ơ
⣬ȪϹţȨҵʣá
ĿȰ˹ʲôģ˼ˡ
ϧҲˣֻðеĳ嶯ʵġ
ӹ죬ȷʵƵġ
Уżһ֣һڲˮڻһʱĺð취ιϡ
ѾҲʼ
óʣ׷նϽϹԼĿᡣ
Ѿ֯һֻƺƵĴЩСһææµµذʳҲ˼
Լһ£Ϊʳ㣬ѾﵽȻ֮ޡ
һڻ俼ĿҪùˡ
ڿʼˣֻǲдӣڿǽͿѻ
տʼǽдΪԶҲдʲôأǽдˣּͿʼӡ
ڿףȴһʣʲôԩߡκΣκΣκΡ
һԼǷˣͻȻЩ׹
״ԼǾһƶҪ˽ҷк£ŵûǳϡ
ԭһСӣȴǿϧˡ
տʼԹټǽдǰֹһдĶͬҲûκιϵᵽݵķζҲȥ
ͿһҪддŵҲ຺κϱʱʫ˽ӣ͵ƷвǰûĶҲЩ˼
ĵۺŵͬʫҹ㡷ͷǳǰרһʫʣʮĶȴûʲôоʱ˾
ĵ۵ԭʫǣԺӰҹϡһ˻δ顣֪·Ӧʧɡ
ź͵ǣʧȺҹ뵥ںαߡļ䣬Խֲߡ
⣬׻˲ѾʷɢʧʫƪͽǽڸдˣҲڿۻ軨Լۡ
ĿҲˡ
һ磬ڿԣͻȻµֺ
ٳ濴ȥͿѾƹۼžҪꡣ
ͻȻЩҪȥϮѼϡһ죬Թٺǹ˵ǽƻѾˣˡ
дϲڽˣڵ£ҹ̫˵ˣ
ϵ˰죬ӣŶӽд彻ȥݣ˿
棬ǧ˵ţƶǿļӿġ
ڱſöᣬżͼھӡ
үˡ
үСĿɣҲմ㸣
˵Żһˡ
ô굹Ǻ㳡߰ܶˡ
Ҳû취ôܵûʪ͸
ſɡݹү㿼ô
һѽɡƿЦʹ죬ʹ죡ôԼ


342 
ڰĿ˾죬˾߶ȽջܳѬǡֽխСȵˮһһ
˾ͺմ̳̳һֳڲһĨһ๸׻˵Ĵˡ
ˣر˼ҵĺӴ಻һϴһҲǳ£һƵġھӼҵļӾˣϲӣһЩСֱץС첲СһҴꡣ
Ȼ󣬴Сһ¸´Ц
˶ȤζȻʹֹ֮
˱ˢȻһɣͨ͸֮С
£ҲɡһХôڹԺ㳡ϴš
㳡ϵѾͻȻıܵɢǰһƬû赲ȴҲߵó졣ֻһһˮǰ֯һˮ
ſ죬Хڣ졣
Ѿϳ˴ʿ꣬ʱʹȣһŴﲻʿ꣬Ը档ͽеɡϵӵϣ˹
Ҳ֪˭һ̳׾ƵݹҲƴǣֱˣڴںˮ¶ӣ˳츮ԺʿֻҪٲȥˣ˿Ʒвɣ
ãú
ʿ꣬ʫ
첽ǰԽԽ࣬ͷҲˣͷҲɢˣôϷ֮Ц֮֮Х֮
գ龰ݡֳأ߲׷ɡ
ʿ꣬ʫ

ûУûУЦҡͷ
ˣ׵ˣŲģҡ
Խһˣһ̣ߵ
Ҳ˵ԼǿҵʿиһԼܶȡѾ㹻״ԽʲôԺڲܻȥʲôֻҪӾδǿ͸ηأ
ǵģһʷĳУֻһСС˻ֻҪϣվڳͷ
ǰˮԽԽ֮һƬ磬ͬһƬеĴ󺣡
ۿžҪûˣȴҪ¸ϣϣƲһ衣
׳黳籡̲סһ˻̣һѶƣɫĻ棬޵׵Ĵȼաץסļ⣬ϨԼԨЩӰӣһߣڴζһξʧˡ
꣡Ҫ
¸ҵĺ࣬ŭĴϣм䣬߰ط裻ʤԤԼڽк
ñøЩɣ

ص֮󣬼ڻʪ͸Ӵһô𱸵
壬үǲǺ˾ƣ
Щִ٣ګګүճͬүǽ͹үһͳһ̳ͳˡֶйĴүСʲôݣͿȥ
ˣ䣬ǧŪ˲źáҲ߶æڻϸ·ֹһŷ˴ñӺʵסˡ
Ѿͣˣˮһˮ׼ϵĳúϴһϴ
һššһɺˮ
ڶ糿ʱͷ۵ֿʣöӸԼȲ衣ȴȴһ㣬˵Ǿ֮ĵڶ죬ͷۣٺһ㣬˾ͻתгͷơ
󲻾ãͷȻˣҲоҪһ롣öЩŴš
żڿΣһЦӣʱ㲻˵вжνô
ӣȻ˿ܵһʿôҲȾȻƽȴڴ
ԼǰҲǫ飬ڵˡ
һϲʲôˣûӰأ
Ҳ֪Ӱ񰡣һЦ죬ʱƮ㣬˽񣻶ʱڣֵӻţֱ֮ΪӰ
ڣһ·ôĿвУȻзִ硣ƻԣиһаյģֻ֪ܲõԪøһ
ϵЦҲβס˵ֻҪ˾ͺãòõһ޷ˣʲôʱ򷢰񣿡
ڣһ˵ߵգҲпǰģʱб
Ŷô˵³ܵõϢ˾죬ٵȵ񣬰㣬ȷʵ£ǡӻŵʱڡ
ʣôҲ𣿡
ڣǲǹ𣿡ЦЦ˵ԷŰ֮Ҫһ²ǵԣҲ³ˡ
˵Żһ˷ܵܽүӴ㣬йˣ˵ǹԺġ᲻ϲģ
ôܣںͶӶվô죬ɣ
ͷɻ󣬹ԺĹһʲôˣ
һ۽鷿
Ŵݱ΢ν˼ģﲻܿƾ١
ΪһִˣڶȻûκӡǶ̫ȥԼʧ
ǣûվô϶΢΢˵ͷλ峿ˣΪ£
˺Ǿִ٣ͬʱǰݼүԱš
ǣ˲ǹԺġ
˳츮õۣһڲ࣬°켩һҲʬġ
һ켩Աһʬģ糿ܼµˡ
һҲ˵
ǹԺ۳ͬ˴򽻵ڳ仰ͽ˵ˣү㿼Ǹʲô׵Ŀˡ
̲סгˣôģ
ۻش˵Լǿʱ˰׾ʧ䣬ϵˣѾ𣬷ӿʲô鶼óˡ
˿ڲã˵쳣ڻԿ꣬ǽʱȴûнۺͼԹ֣ܹȥһͿǼһｫϣ˵棬Ѿ
̾Ϣһ˵ˣҲû뵽׻ɳһǷǳģһѶлûЩѹ
ĬƬ̣ʣˣʲô
ЩΣ໥һۣ۲Ų˼˵ױǳɶˣھҲûʲôݡС˵Ǿģȥ棬ǹʬȴܡС˵үˡ˵ʬֱׯͿˣôǸүȥֵطҲʡүģ˽¡
׹ҪǮġҲû뵽׺ôҲĻţһˣûмֵˣȴ顣
۽˵ϣΪҵˣԼڿҲܲܣͳʮӵǮƱݹȥԸ˺úѡˮأס
Ÿڲǿʥ˵͵ӣĴʿһΪү
ˣĪѹա
ӼߣȥͨסգȨɢġ
ǣھʹŶӺŮȥͨס졣طǴ˺ӵյ㣬ǳ֣ҵҲǳΪӶӽ֦ҲãҪ˷̡
ԾСӺСѾߣ˿ڼ۸񲻹СӶһѾ
£˿ͻȻ
תصǼУҲ˻Էӡ
һ磬ҲڼеϲͷԸڼȱӣԼһСȥԺ


343 п
׵̸ϱҲ̸ϸˡȻɺޣǹȥˣӣȥȻҹ̸
ֻû뵽׻Ϊ׾ɱ±ΪʿЦ֮⣬ǻηɡ
ϾƳǿҪɱͷΪѪӹһ٣ײһСɫζù
ȻǿӣȴѾ϶ԼȻУҲ⣬ֻĥװӡ
ûԷ⼸ֶͨݣ˵ͬٳԵҲ֪ʲôӡ
ǸӵСӱǰǰӢɽˣ֣һ·ˣӡ⺢˺ʵȽڿ죬ӿˡ
ڼҵСڽ֮һȡʲôӡҵģ׼һӻѾֲΪϻӣҡ÷
ǵһοǵķ˽־ͲͣתСӣһľ档
үƥøߣôˣ
ա
үϺȵĶ֭Լǻģˡ
ζ
ԼүǸƢˣ˵ſˣү˵ϵ·϶Ҫͷġ
ڿЦ㿴ӣͲ˵Щ𣿡
ͷ
ֵϵ˳Ķ࣬һطӿȥܡ
ҪȥĹԺǸҲܲ
ӱ˰죬̲סͻȻү˵̫඼ëģǰǸǲǰ
˵Żָָǰˡ
ڳһСӻ˵ûзִ磬űǲ̫࣬Ҫǳˣ
æĻ̧ͷһʱһǰи̫࣬¡
ϴһͨĺӣʹԼʮͷݰףԵ÷ǳǶδķ뱣
Ƿ빫ڽżˣЩϲ
ȻǸ̫ࡣ૵˵
뱣ȴ⣬ЦŶڹ˹֣ԭʿôȥԺģղ˵ˣҲû㿼ΡĲѧضҪеġôԵҲжӣ
ˡЦЦҪȥԺ⼸ڻɳڣշҲڼҵϢû߹ȥȴôˣƵ˹ԺҲ֪ʲôʱ򡣷빫飬гһ̡
뱣ЦӵУҲüȥԺȴһ׮ֿɿȥ١
ڣʲôֱȿҪ
뱣㻹֪
ڣҹŻصľǣ֪ʲô
뱣Цݣԭȴǳ͢ڲпնĻӡԴ˺ǽƻԵĸܲãΪǣƳװ˾˸ն
ڳһô죿
뱣ΪΪʲôôնĻд̣һ㶼ҪȵſġĻΪƽϢʿصŭͷڽӡһǵڼ죬һӰȴҲӦ
ǣǣⰸôôˣһ˵˾󰸣˷ռ֤֤˳ϣйˣһ꣬ҲпܵġŰ£ͽ᰸ˣ
뱣ʿ˵ز˵֮ڲпǱߵľ§϶˸ȥ˵е㳤
Ҳټȥģ˵ͷ뱣һˡ
ԽпߣԽ࣬ɱ˵ġϰգйҲжˣ˶һ˷ܡҵѷɱһȤĴ¡
뱣ǻط¥ö̳ڶ¥һࡣ
ȻλҲƽչü
뱣컹С̫һںͷ뱣쳣ڣó̫
ż䣬ҲûҪƲˣģȾҲ̫ʡ
˺Ƭ˼Ӹɹ
̫վڶ̺š
˰裬ѯʣ뱣͵ⰸڸѧʿžͬ˾ǰѾꡣ˿ƳװıĻӷĸһͬ٣ٺһڵ̫ࡣηһʿһ¥ϰ塣Ļ̫ͨõĿ֮ǧһݵļ۸۳߿ʮһǧ֤ȷ䣬׷߿Ҳ⣬նһɴӷҲͬնס
һôˣ
Ȼ
ֻûô򵥰ɣ֪˰ǣ浽ֻ¼ξҲЩɣƫƫôʲݲݵؽ˰
뱣ЦôȻܹõģ˾˭ңĻܹܲãǾ˴ġϧⰸȥǣҹѪñԿ


344 Ӱ
дΪȻڼξߴ˴꣬Ѿ³ƢˡûʵԸ𺣬ģ˵ҲһʮСͷ
ͨ˸еëȫУΪԸԭ򣬸ӵԡ
׻˵úãʵ۰ӣհ۶
жڣξȻͬԣ档ϾһףͽھСϡǰҪԶںľ飬ӣһʱڣǲžȥġ
Ƴװɵأȥֻ¾Ҫڵȥ
ξǺͿˣȻ֪һ㣬ԾôݲݵؽӸ˽ˡ
ҲΪʲôž٣˵Եʡ̫Ȼԣˣʶ壬֪Ȩ䣬ϲὫⰸûûˣǣԽԽ
ڷƾ񣬹Ҳ
ξѸߣգԼ˳̳Ƿ粨֮ʱһеΪάƽȺгĴþ档
Ȼּ˰Ҳֻˡڵ˵㣬ʷ뱣ôǰλ
⻰һʳڣڲ֪Լһʡ뱣δʵ۵Ĵ飬ó裬ִ̽Ϣ飬Ȼ䵽ͷϡ
λԣΨһźûԼʦϵǻۺƷڻǷǳ͵ġ
ٳ͢δõġ
뱣˵˰޹أڱ껰ͬһȥˣֻмලΣһٺ»ڸ࣬ٺꡣ͵ְڼҵȵּ⣬ƲվҪ·ȥϾˡ
˵ЦҲǵٺ»ӡ˵ž͵ʿ֪ڸүҲġôҲʮĶ
ڳһô࣡ξ侭÷٣ʱѿũؼ۸񲻸ߡϺõˮҲһĶϹһһٶӵʲ
⻹ģž⻹šμҲ˽ֻۣҪȷʵԹҺ£̰һ㣬ҲڿԽܵķΧֻڡܺù磬ȴľӺá
ڱͰǮĲŻҲǿ϶ġʣԼ浱ΪλϣҲû취һˮ
ںǹģԼȥϾκְ
ԼϾرɣְǸģҲͷ̫ˣȻͬ⡣
ְ˲ðһ
ǰʵȨְ˵һˡ
˵Ż¥µ̳ϵԽԽࡣ
Ƭ̣бʼ峡
ڲпڴľϼ򵥵شһ̨ӡ
ͷͷмͽһƲس緹
ȵ磬ʢʱ̨Ͼ˲ٹԱжƷҲƷģҲƷеǸ˹ƾڸԱžơ
һʷ뱣Ȼ
ַ˼ڣһȺ˱̨һڵϡ
мʶĻ
ǵĿжʱԩ
Դ˱ϾǶƷ󳼣ҲûѾ׵̱ڵϣȥһ㡣
һڣžһо˰죬һ֧ˤն
˸һͷ­أ۶ǺѪ
ãΧ۵İնͬʱƣ˷ܵúڲμһشա

ʱӼһͨһˤڵϡ
ϾǸӣʲôʱײеĳ棬ʱܲסʹȥ
ôˣôˣڻæӵϷ̫ǰæһֺݺݵУһ˽һȲȥ
һͣҵ
ҲǵһμɱˣһҲЩֻںƬöˣҲܵס
ò׵Ӱ⺢ʵǿסûκΣֻ뱣˽ͻؼȥԼȴ뱣һȥ˹Ժ
ӰѾһˣٿѾ˰ġеĹȻϲʤûеҲֻεҡҡͷ໥Լ£ůˣȥʲôطѧ׼ھһլӣʹסȴ֮Ĵȡ
ֻѾʼͬҪȥѡıְʲô·
Ƕо˹ģûҲٵʸ˵ܹһģ˭ǼǧνƷ޺š˳ģҲУûʱǰЪ˹
㳡ϻкܶˣ˽ӣ뱣ҪԸ˼һ·һ꿼ǵĴӵߵǰһ֣֣
֣һνͬ꣬ǿҪ˲۵ġҲʶѵˣ
ʿһЦŨصϷʱУþӱƻԵڶǡֺ档
ڳһԭδʵ۵׸ʱаΪǸϷӣȴᣬʮӡ
룬Ҳˡһ꣬һ꣬öʮ꣬绪ï䡣
ڲμλ֮ǰ˵˵֡
ʱһĻԣڣʱе˺ߣ˶˵һƵĻԪ϶⡢֮
벻ʱйȻ˵ãȻ˵ڶ
ԣ˵ǡҵĺ棬ѵ
һϲϮھ֪˵Щʲô
ʱйһЦʿִһȻˣͬ꣬ʤ֮ϲ£ʱȴЩģεڵϷһ²ǡ
ҲЦ˵ͷˣԽԽ࣬˺ʿԪˣйͬ껹һ𡣡
Ԫ֮ǻԪ¸״ԪǴԪˣ
Ԫģóһ
ܿ죬˶óһ·ӵںʱǰȥȴ뱣˼˳ȥ
̫һʷ뱣ȥˣǺã
뱣һļеã̫ˣ벻ʿ꾹Ȼͷһ磬ﻹ߶أۼҹԼ֪ԼʧڣһȭͷǼҾүﱨȥˡ
뱣֪Ŀеĵλ˵ܹסԼ̥һ˽յķ⣬ȫڵ֮ǺҲΪڵĹ￴÷ǳǵõһʱȥϲ
뵽뱣ͽǮƱһ̫ȥѰһҿŵľ¥ʿ쿴֮󣬿϶뼸ͬصģԤȰźˡȥ롣
빫ĺˣСóԻ
˵껰뱣ʹæˡ
ͬʱһͬߵӰǰΪ¼ȡĹֻаʮһˣİˣټϸٶˣüŰģȫҲ
ֻһֽڵֻڵһһ۾ܿ
ϸؿ˼ۣȷųһˣ
˶ͬʱ֣ϲԪ


345 ϲ
ʱЦʿ꣬ҽһʣйͬһȥ𻰣
䣬мҲ˰Աͬʱкã׷Ҫȥʲôطźá
Щԥ˵ԼͷӦõһʱ佫ϲѶ߼˵ġ
Լǿڵ˼ʱеʿ겻õģϲѾ͵ˡ
ǰһ󸽺͡
ʱͬ뱣һһ̫༷֣ʿүѾȥˡѾԤں¥ʮƲˣΪ칦أǰ·
ʱЦģ벻˳Ǯʿ㣬ߣ԰ײԡ
һЦ
Σֻһȥ˺¥
ڼ䣬½˹ľ½ʱξʮԵͬǶˣͨͼᣬȻһʹ
һ磬˵İʮһ˵ʮ˽ᱻѡ֣˻ڹٳһʮΪ࣬Ʒĳ͢١
νǴ⣬𽥷
ʮһˣʲôˣ;Ƿ˳ȴΪƾŦάϵһ𣬳Ϊһι̵Ĺ壬Ҳεص㡣
Уںʱвѧߣ󣬽϶ֵģҲԼΪһС
ڻһЩʱ⣬곤ڣ͵ӦΡԸºͣ裬ŶʮͣѾнһ׸ͨ͵
ˣʱе£Ҿ⼸շֱݼʦ͸ʦȻĻᡣͷ׾ݵƶʿӣҶǮһա
˷׷׽кãֵҹŸɢȥ
˽ӣҡ˼šȴԺӶǱڱը֮µмһ㡣
Ҳ֪ֳʲôӣϧˡ
ڻӴżѾͷϣүˣΪүϲû˵꣬ӾҲƲסЦ
𣡡˼ֻõ϶ġͻȻһţӾţ
˵꣬һͷڵϣ
Ӵ󾪣죬ү
ѾǰȥȴϵѾһ

Է
үԵ¼ȡѾˡƽ첽ߵξǰ˵
ξϥϣĿ
ҲۣΣ
ƽ֪ʵڵϢүĻڸͷԪүһ
ãξ۾Ǵһ˿ЦݣԵõ˵֪ʶ˵ı£˭ܱȵùޡ꣬޳޿˸״Ԫ޿ڣֵ˻Ԫƽ˵޻ϲߣԹ˵޳Ǹ߹Ҳ΢ʡ
ƽҲЦȻǸ˵ģүôһӣǲǸЩʲô
ƽ仰¶˼ȴԣȻԪˣø״ԪˡԲ٣˭״Ԫ˭뺲֣ǻʵһ˵㡣
ɴ࣬ҲŪô鷳ˡ
ɼξȴãǸЩʲô͡
ƽæߵǰʼ¼
ξţȥԨУһְȺǲ
ꡭƽһ㶣ڲûеõʹͣ˹ְȻ˵УһƷ̶֥٣иǺõġ
ξЦƽǲǲ
үūĶҡ
ξЦЦȴ۾ˣֿʼ붨
ƽ˳ᡣ
֮ĥ˰죬ͻȻһԴˣ͸ү˼ˡǸƷʲôģүҪڵĺְֻҪ˺ԺǸƷУȻҲˡ
ڽԵʱв״Ԫһףһʿܹ֤ġ
ȻҲһ󿼣ȴֻһʣɼҲ޹ؽҪҲǸʽ
󻹲ǻʵŸΣүҪ˭˭Ǭٶϣ
һ뵽ʵôֱ׵ͼԼԼƵѾ׵ͷƽͻȻֱࣺˣˣ˾ӡ̫Ҳ˼ˡүһУ¾ǻ˾Ȼˡһƽλϴô꣬Ҳ٣ʱȻҪ侮ʯ䣬ۼ¸֪ˡ浽һ죬ֻ֪ô׼ҲǱз뱣⳼ڡۼҵҪˡиõ³


346 
ԹŹ͢Ͼҵĵط̫û˵ȨƱ˻ԡƫƫǵƷְǨûһϸƶȣ٣ƾٽסǾ˲Ϊ٣ǽʿʵְ㺲֣Ϊࡣ
Ϊ͢ҪλùնҲΪƽ˾ӡ̫࣬Ӵڵһ˵ġȡĹУ֪ˣж˺޲֮ض졣
Ĵ̫࣬еġһ̫ʥ費˥һͣǾ½ƣ׾ͱ˸ˡ
̫Ҳһ˲ࡣƽ⼸Եظо񲻺ã̺ļξʵ۵ӾʲôҲû˱һξУû˻ʵ۵ĳţȴľһǽƵľ档
ǰʧ̫³ƽȻǷǳ˽ġ
⼸꣬һֱԤΪԼ֮׼뱣һӣ˶֪һԣǻΪۣ뱣δ̫ӵĴؽã˾ǿ϶ġ
ڣǻƽ⳼зֲһ
ȵڽ󣬶뱣ࡣʱ˭Ҷڸ˾඼ˡ꣬Ӧǲˡ
񣬷뱣ǱߺܳţҲƽЯ֮
ڣҪĹؿڡ
нʿӦûκģؼܷ㺲֡
ʿ뺲Ժкིܶһǰֱӽ֡ҪΣ¼ȡһǰĽʿΪʿѡģֱʵְ֪·ŵȥ
ΪʵΪŸΡֻ־㺲֣־ڹٳһչб塣壬ƽǹϵδĴ¡
һξȥԼ˾ӡ̫λȵԼĻʲôˡ
˭˭үһ˵㡣
ξ˼ȥڵǸְӣΪڽѧʿ׼ġ
ƽһϲҲһ̲ס뽫Ϣڣתһ롣Ծڻһ£һ̱¼֮ˡ֪Լⱻ˲Уֻ»ʵ䷴
ʹͷֻԱСĴĦ

ͣԴǳı֮Ƕʮմ죬ﺵ
Խճһ磬طǶֵ׼ھܵǴҪʳأҲûʲôӰ졣ȴʺϴ̤࣬ڷ֮¼ûա
ͬһȥݼƴܲã
˱Ǹˣ⣬ҲƴǣͬԼǸ߾ûᣬ̸
ȻǷֱݷøʦһͨæҡ
ԶԾ˵˼û˿ѹģʽٳǰѵϾ
Ȱݻܲáʦ֮ͬ໥ԼĻᡢξǣæµ
һڻԲοԱ֮࣬Ŀ֮򵥣¼ȡ֮٣¼
һˣֻȡʮһҡһǰȻһٳ֪
οԵۡʽ¡ͬʱۡҲǰľӡ
˵ǰڵ̳˵ʫʷѵĻ򱻹ٳ֪֪ͨ
Ȼ֪ڵ֣ھ֮⣬ʱеȴҪ˿һƵĻԪ״ԪӦʱеģȴ䵽ͷϣ벻˼סѡ

ϲʿ˽ƻԵĻԪ֮Ӧþܱʵְˡʱӣϵذ鼮
ͬϲͬϲʱǰҲý飬Цʵⳡ˵һ۰
һԼһʱʫһϽ˰׾ھͰһա
ʱȴΪ˵ǿף߹˳һ£ͷĻ죬ɻ
Ȼͬ˵£ʱæʲô
ʱͷϵĺˮһǰĸӺҽڵô꣬ùˡ⣬Ҵھסϼ꣬һⱾݸĿ׫顣
̾Ϣһ߰׵ͷˣٲֻԺûˡ
һȥˣӳ̫ԿԨ̶ʪءЩӶʱһѪüءóᣬɹɹ
ҲʱˣܹۿⲿԼǰ֤һʷȷһ˼飺ϲھиʿӴ˽ٳͬⱾʲôȵⱾǧĹ¡
ʿ겻ԷƱΪһΣ츣һֱܹӰͨյҲһش֮¡
ڣΪֻһʱȴҪ츣ġ
£Ҫ嵵ġˣһ˵һ۾ҡ
ʱβ֪ڵ˼һЦɹիУҵ塣
˵Żָָ¥ϡ
лϲֲҽ
ʱ䣺ȴˣɹǰͿ˼ҩ̣ҽ飬֪ҩԡӣæҵһͷ˵һøлʿ꽫ôһ͹أѸߣǳˣôӡ
嵶ҽڴΪ⡣
æ¥ͿڴڣűСĵ¼ʱָ塣
һװͷ߸¶޳Ĳӡ
һɲǣһԵζĵ𣺡嵶
Сתͷ۾žϲʿˡ


ֻʱӹ÷ɿ죬һתۣ͵µס
ʱӦýԷȥһˡ
мվǵԣֶ˵ûκѹһݲ۶ѣֹй̶·дҲסеںֻۣץסҪ㣬ǿնҲ޷ؼҪȷ
⣬ǻʵʵۿɲͷڿռ죬Ǻġһ˵ַ⡢¼ҲһŲŪ
ԣдúþͳ˻ȡεĵһҪءǵǧһ棬Ҳûʲô˼ֳܹߵ͵Ҳֻпˡ
ʱ䣬żԼѾһʱûˡУʵǱҲȥ¶һ档
Ҳ֪ʵ۶ԼôŵģʱܷԼһΣܹи״ԪǾòˡ
룬ھͽ˸ȥڸֵжͷǸԨУһְĻᣬԷȥ
ȥֵ˲ߣȴСϡ
СϺǳͶ˴˶һȥ
ںʱƻˣÿƽǰкƽһ仰黵
ʿ꣬ôԺˣһ㣺ҲңŪү˼ˡ


347 Σ
ڱƽôһûͷûԵĻŪͿˣƹ˻⣬ڸ˹Ҫݼܲã֮ͬҲҪӦ꣬æûʱ䡣ңѾûԨУְǵԣҪӣθ¡
ôˣƽغһ
ڽԷֻҪǽͷĹжˣ˱㣬͹˼ҡ˵Żڸоԣƹôˣɫ֮
ʻãһʣƽͿƲסæææŲһæпȥ£ûչʥΪԼ㺲֣׸㣬ǻүˣ˵һףֻʿѡ
Ȼ󣬻ƽһͨ߶Ǽеĳӵܺɸ֡
ʶԣվţȻƽйϡʣǣǰһȥ˴¼ʱ̫ҽȴ֪ƹ֪ģ
ƽô֪ģԷҲԶǰһưۣܵͻȻƲдΪĸ˽פͻȻͺˡ£пв֪ң½죬ƲͻȻʧ٣ֳڴ¡¶СѾ˻ʵۡڰڣôӣΪһŮӣǰҲҪˡ
⻰˵ʹļףȥүɶ֪ˣ˼ҺǣôһǸүҩǰȥУһְԭΪҪ뺲֣ʵȴˡ
ƽ̾Ϣû취ˣҲû취ԣһΣÿԼȥ
ڳһллƹǰѣʡõģʲôط
ƽָָ棺ڴʹȥ
ξľҲֻлƽͨӣͿξĿ붨
ڵ¡
ξһƽ˰ֻ֣þվԱߡ
ƽҲѻʵۣһգ̳ǰ㣬Ȼһ׾ʪ¿Ū죬Ȼڻѻʵۡ
޳޳˭ǲξͻȻ۾˵ˡ
ƽ˵ȴڵݹȥһɫ
ڲ죺رµĻԯʵ۳ϣ棬ˡ
ԯʵֻǸ˵Ѳɿ֤ʧһٶ꣬Ҳڡ޿޳¾УҲûܹ֤
ξ̾ϢһЩį
æ֮٣еġû޳ɳҲȳ˶ҲǺ¡
ξͷվ¿ڣڣ㵨Ӻܴ󰡣
һʵĿⶢſڻڡҲӱܣֱʣ¿Ʋһ£
úܰξЦǿ̱ƼǳɶˣҲǳɶϡǶˣʦͬꡢͬΪŦ֪鼰£ԳһˡôͬƼҺоɣǵù˵Я뻹飬òɶ
һԼǻܵ͢ί³ɺӿͷ겻٣޳ɣҲ䡣޼һµץˡ֮⼸ͷٲȻһʦѾȥƽΪ꣬ôҺʿ緶㡭
νǻʵĹ
ʵ˵֮ȥ꣬һ䡣һͣƤ۵ȥмûɼξ˺޵ʲô̶ȡ
ԼͬƼҵĹϵڱʵ۷ˣһŪãǰŬֻ¶ҪΪС
뵽µĺڱĳһ亹
Լξ̱ӣһĿˣʰ顣
½ˣҲˡ
㡭ξϳ޿ֶΣõġԺҲȥˣĹҲһȥǶʵ̫ƾƶȷǶԹ߶һ꣬Ʒ֪ؾˡ
ֱһ¡
ξϸ񣺡޷ˣ°ɣ
⻰һ˵ڣϵǽֶ˸ɾҲ̸κǰ̿ԡ
ξûмûһԣһǻЯԼ롣û˺Ժڵξˡ
ƽһʪ䵽˵ϡ
֪Լ̵ʱܹһأͷ
Լ÷뱣ȥСȳڴµʱӦû֪Ӧóȥ¼ΪҪǸְλʱƹµ۵ģǺ˳ͺԪӡ
˺ڿɲԸӦڻʵǰ˲ԡ
ã˲֪ںƼҵĹϵûʵ֪ƼŮֻ»ʵҲԼǰ˵ô໰ֱӾͺ˳ȥ
ˣûа취롣


348 ˵ϸ
֪ԼֻҪһ˳ţԺѧʿ˵ϣʹ
һ˲ӦԵķӣʲô̵ܹʱ˵ξأ
һֻ̣ɥ˼¡
ξת˹ȥһݵıӰڡ
ȥɡƽĨؿЦְ˰ͷҲ޷룬һƣԼཻã֪һ֮ˡһƣȻȴԼЯ֮
ȴ룬ۼھҪһνžŰʮһѾ˰ʮأȴؿϡ
ͬж㲻֪ʲôʱһʣȻһȥ
ģβܾôװ뿪һҧһŭ𣺡Ӵ˻Ҫˣ
һһ⡣
Ҳˣǰ߳һ£û½һҹ͵͵Ʋ½ҽ˳ȥڴȴвѵĿԡôҲչؼ䡣
仰üξͻƽˣΪڿ
Լξʵ۵ô֮ˣû˱Ȼƽһ㣬ɫ䣬֣ĵؿ˻ʵһۡ
Ȼξϵ֮ɫŨԼһ˿ŭ
ξǿѹסԼҲͷԣκ˶пԡĿԲǰùƼЯ뻹ѡƼڳɶǺ壬طҲøǼ档μͯԵʱƼҴ԰ġ
ͻȻЦȴǴˣƼҲԳûκζ壬ǣ뺦ҹڶƼҵΪҲݵý
⻰ǻƽξҲǳ⡣
ʵ̲סʣڣƼг𣿡ڸղŻе˵ƼŴ뺦ڹǰֳ̡޶һ˵ɱ֮֮޻˿̹ġ
ڣĻˡǸƷˣǸСˡڵϾسɶʱǰݷáȴ룬Ʒ̱Գѡڻһӿ
ҲǵĺʿҪѧһ㶼󵽺¡
ξ̲סʣȻˣΪʲôҪȥС㣿
һҧ£С˽飬˽ʱСŶˣǡ
ʲô˽ξͻƽͬʱȵؽг
ʿе˶ǿһʫڣһ´ҡ
ңڴɼϡ֮󣬴Ӳӽ֮ҲͬԱŪڣдֻ֪ôһˣȴûˡ
Դϴμξ⽫ϣȴһۺ󣬻ʵ۾Ŀи˾Ӷֵ
벻ôһӣȻֹҸŮ͵Ĺ
۾ĻѾһء
ѵõһ죬£ʵҲ˽ȸϾʱѾΪƼҶ£ƼҼҸôҲϾһУƷĳ͢٣ӦˡɼҸ£ϣƼҼҹ¿¡ǧصɶƼҪһ˵ȴƼѾСףͽڸ˳ȥ
ͬʵ˵ۣؼĶȻǲ˵ģҲȫʵ飬߶ʵá
ף˵ǾˣڽƻԿϡξת
£Ǹסʱڳɶв֮ƼҼǰһƬҪŮȥƼȴ裬˵˼׿ǸţҪ˵ġŪûҪнʿʲôҪûҪûҪҵûҵƾʲôȢҼС㡣ֽһӵǰҹϾȥ
Ҳùװŭģ𵱳˻ʱΣ񹢹ڻȻ¶һ˿ա
ξصЦƷŮ֮ãҵļҷð¶˵ĿģȻֻڻٺ٣ʲôƨʿڣȻƼ㣬ôͬС˽ģ
£ξ
һ˵ˣҲ˲κͳһͨô˽ͽ˸СĻᣬֱȥ棬ȥһһ˵˸˵ĽСòѧС㲻ȢĻ
ô˽ͨˣξʡ
ô˽ͨˣ
ʶξһ
һ£
ξգʲôô˽ͨˣĻô򵥣˼СͬҲǵһμ棬ôôͬ˽ͨˣϸ˵
ں˵ǣһμʱ򣬳Ȼ˵úˡСȴסˣһŭµѾͷˣ˸ϴûȤ
ξŵͷ˲źȻϵ£޵ġŽ
ǣһʵڽ˵֮󣬱ôϾġ룬ǿȴʲȥƼôңôҲýһ㲻ҪٻҾֱ͵Ů
ξüԽ˵ԽˣҲǸʥġ
ڣǣ˵ǡǸʱǻûߣҹĽ̻𣿵ڣҲһ¹ڴ󡣳ЩҪֳЩ¶ҹͷǽƼңȥС㡣
ξȻݣͲ±Ƽץסɥ𣿡Ȼô˵ʵȴһ˷ܺڴ
һ⸱飬ξǸ˹ɵˣ뵱ʯͷǡͿϾ˽ڶץȥˡ
ҲȥˣЦ£ȴ¡ʱĳһУѣҪʲôƼҲһãˣҲԼԼС֮
ҲãƼ֮󣬾Ȼû˴סô˳ؽС¥վС뷿⣬ʫһס˼ţ֪˼࣬˼ⳤ䣬˼֪˰ģ統ʶȻ󡭡
ǰƬԣдáξͷȻСһУͱƼץסˣ
ʫһģϸ˵ѾӴʵص㣬Եԡ
Цֻ¶˿ͷȴûнβҲ֪ģʫüáСҲĲŮβ֪ʫĴǾһɽȴǽԸˣ壬Ҷۻɢѻܸ˼֪գʱҹΪ顣Ȼƿ˴
ƲȻдǻ۵ˡξڽкãȻء˵ϸڡ


349 
ϸڣȡھˣ¹غ˽ȻǺգȴҲö˵
ξЩŭˣڣ۾ʵʵ˵ƤЦ˹İ࣡
ƽҲЦŻʵ۳˸Ĵָ
ǰڼξǰһ¾ӣģһΣȴǲƴڻʵǣűԽԽԶѾүھȻ˽Сһ¡
ֶβѵõǴӾȻƤۡ
鱻Ūʵ۾веŭȴƽϢࡣ
ڽʵ۵˼鴧Ħǲ
뵽ƽı
ңڱǰȻһ˵һڵʵҲûʲôͺСŴ˵˼仰Ϊ¾ˣԼӺ͵ص̸Ȼͻȥˡ
ڹ˻ʵ۵θڣһĭ˿ϵĲˮ
˵ô໰Щˡ
ξƽŪˮҪ˹İࡣ
ǡƽסЦڶ˱ˮ
ںһˮ˵ֹ죬Сں԰˽ᡣСûòҲ಻סǰס˫С֣˵໰ССæֳ鿪һС㣬ڶǡ˿ֵļԺﶼǻڿˡ룬ˣȴ޵ĸһʱ嶯ҪС˽
ô죡ξͻƽͬʱһĿȴ롣治ǡһǰ
ΪѶԵʣܶ¶Ӷûб˵áһؽڵĸץסˡ
Ҳܲô࣬һڽ䰮¶˽ȥ
ԼĹ½ʵۺͻƽסˣеͬʱִΪ˵еԲС㣬٣ڻʵۺͻ̫ĿУ嵵ǻˡ
ִ˿Ҳûʲôͬ˵Լ𣬻ʱɺﲻҲҪѻرʶ֪మ
ԺС㣬úˣһˣûʲôġ
ڣ£С;պ˽ȥϾӴգɽ֡ŶƼˡ
ʵ۲죺ʫ˵ãҲüãҲ֪εߵڰף޿۽硣˵ŻڲסЦ
ĶȤⴹͷɥ˵Ļʱﻹ˼ģдƪ׻Ŀý
ξ㣡
ڹλѣλͬҷһУС˽ˡлҶĹػͰףҸûԴҵκΣҲûʹҽͣҲ˼ʲߵˡϹ
ξЦʿ꣬벻һʿҲл첻ߵʱ򣬰࣬һ࣡Ƽ˺֮ţ֪ճʲôӡƼԺҲûˣʹ죬ʹ죡ڣ¸ɵò
ƽҲЦֱĨᡣ
Ц˰죬ξʣôû˽أǺˡ
ڹҲû취ڻسɶʱ򣬱ײ˵˼ȥμԣʱƼ˻Ŵк֪ش˱ȡҡû뵽֪Ǹӣ£У͵ҵ֣ȥμӸԡĪκΣô˵Ҳܹ˶ʦȥμӸԣˡȻԺԣҲСƼҾͱˣС㱻áҲǣУץ˾ǡ
֮ϴԩ´С䡣ô˵СҲǳδޣܲܡ˵½ңͰ½ѧ£ľǽС㡣
½Ҳˣͽڴôʥ飬֪֣֪һŵǧ𣬾ȻӦͬСһԣȻܷڡ񳼶ԱҳһκΣ˿ġ
˵ṵ́ƲɫʶξЦһӣ޼Ůɲʲôû׼һɥǣƼңƼұϮͬʶڱץǣȥ½½ұڣҲҪȢƲСӲҲУ˽ͨȴԣ˵Ů޶ҪնģûТ޺ΪƲȷʵʺӣڴСɣ࣡
˵꣬Цųȥ
ȼξ뿪ƽۣ̾Ϣһʿ꣬շУʿۣ
ڸղξ˵ȢС㣬ҲЩơʵ۶ʥּˣԺ治ô
û˵ôҪȥطƷ֥ˡ¸ղʲô˼
ƽɫһɣӦû˰ɣѾˡô˵㻵ƼҵҲΪһڵ
ڣҶҪˡ
ݣͿſվŵļ̫Цؿڣؼ۾Ȼǰڻʵǰһ˵ǡ
ƽɫһ䣺ղŵĻ˭Ҳȥ
ǣɵ̫ŵæȥ
ԷڼƵشգڵ˵Եӡ


350 
ѾǿƾٿԵһأ󷲶ߵⲽѾԲʵϣ˿̣˻԰ĿѾڵĽʿˣֻδȷΣԼδڹٳϵǰ;ѡ
һ˶ڵ̬оͿԿ
ڲμӻ֮ǰھǻŰݷãϲֿھƳԣЩʽ˻Ԫ֮󣬱˾Ͳˡ
Ĺ֮ķҰμٶүҲʽϵĸŴڡ
һھ֣ôͻȻ徻
ǰһ죬ٲǰڿǰǰٴУһԵɣںơ
үҪμӵˡ
ǣү֪ˣˣү߲ˮԵЩ١
Ҫμӿˡ
үٸÿ귢˫ѥҪ˫үȣߴ硣
Ҫ˰
үˣصıǲټӴϸˡ
졭
һȦҲأӿȥһƤѾ˴ʱֻһӣɽױĶͷϻǳһëë
磬һѾСĵžͷϵĺˮ
ڼۣŶһҪ˰ǲЩʲôˣү˵ԺҪϾģӣֻȥ˵ġ
ЩɥˣʲôҲû˵վҪȥ
ӡ꣡һЦ֪ˣүҪμӵԡʵҲûʲô׼ģү˵𣬵Ծһ죬ÿ죬ϵüؼҳԷ˵ˣķıлʼƣûʲô׼ˡ˵Żȥ뽫
ڻæӴϷ
ֵʵүǰԵʱŹüΡүÿУÿζͷӦҲ⣬ʲôɵĵأǰôôͬҲûʲôү˵ǲǣ
ЦؿڣںΣûʲô𣬶ӣˡ
ˡæѾߵİ١
ΪԼĶӺܹƽؾͽиٽ̸˶ӣÿҪһΡ
տʼʱӺܲΪȻ˵ѧٲѲһ뵽ÿΪѲôˣˡ
˼£ֻˬϲ˶
ܼ򵥣һ㣬ز˺һҲ⸮Ĺأÿǰһ죬մ塣
֮ڲϴ˯Ժ˰졣һһ߿ϵǣľȴһƬƽ͡
յĵĿȻѾʷ˳Ҳ罫ı졣׼仯˻ԿһʣʱյʷѾĿȫǡ
ȴûκηͻ̻󣬲һ𣬾ԼдҲ̫ѡУԼиΣĿǱҲӣʣʱû򷢡ˣôʾһִ˳Խ˵ļʶ
ǿǺƶÿ찡ͻȻϲؽг
ǲǣө档Ա̺ŵѾЦ
ŷ֣һө治֪ʲôʱɽԺĵƯš
ԭө氡ҲΪϲֿɰСһ㶼ٽˮߵĹŴ治
Ȼө氡̾ϢһĵϾʱһ죬ǶǡҺ͸ȥץȻһҹЩө𣬾ͷǾͺ˯
˻ζ
֪ˣǽˮˡ
ȥץסӵ֣ӣȿԣһҪȥϾĲʹϼҿһۡ
ģһϲȻįȥү˵𣬵˽ʿҪȥԺֻûȥϷ
ڣҲǣ¿ƽʿҲԵطѲʱһּˡҲŪԼһǰλ࣬ȷʵûᵽطȥˡ
̾һŶӵֱٲ˵
Ƭ̣ƬϣȵҹѾˣŻ˯
ʣүҪ𣿡ү־ȴû£ÿ춼˯ˣҪ˽硣
á
ҪîʱҪ
רģõġ
ܹμӵԵԱѾϵĹԱˣҵǴһεʢ䣬Ȼ
Ȼӵģоһ˺˽ˡ
𴲣Сӵķ´·ϴڣųſȥ
ԺˣΪ׵һŰƷٷĹԱھʩ˵ǳ͢רɹͱӿġ
ԺͣһٽΣͼ峡ۡ
ԭÿμӵԵĿȥӣԼȥ
ڹУһҲȥҪרŵĹԱԲôһƶȡ
Ҳˣæӻ˻֣ӣ˯ȥɡ
ӻԥѾ˽ӡ
ͬϴβμӻʱھӳл߿ֲͬôƣҲû˸ҳţҲûš
徻úܣһӰ
Ƕھĵصһߣ¿״Ԫۡ̽ĳ֡
һ·ߵü죬ȵ˻ʹǰŹ㳡ʮһѾˣڳſšйԱǰһز鿼ݡ
ͬڵڲͬҵͷҳǰ࿴һۡ
ʱеûС
̧ͷȥȴʱӦһȻڿһۣЦЦ
ǹԱʱУɫͻ˵һƵʿһڣһ㡣ˣڵûУ
æڴˡ
ţ㵽ǰʱڶǰ档
ںʱǿģ״Ԫ֮вѾԼȺ˵ģȻҪǰ棬ó͢ͻʵһ۾Ϳ
ںʱվڶǰУǹԱлϲʱȻв˼ҳÿݣѹӣڣ߱۳̬ȳƣٷȲʱӢȴһɸݵȡ
һӣű٣ȥɣ
ȻȳȥžǼȻŰſǡ
˰Ȼʹҫ½Ӳӵţ
ĿʲôʱʹϣһսսͷߣֻõϵķשƽúҪ˰дʯ̨ϵ̵󤡢ԣŵĻš
ʱǰڽͷ죬Ǹ첻µزµʿɽȴǵһν˻ʹң¾ЩͻͻҲһ󷢸ɡ
ڶȴİ뵱Լִʱ򣬿û﹫Ρ
ͼֵط쵼ĿƳʷּңʷҲȳ˶һϲڵ쵼һεĻȥЩʷĳС
ڲμӹô꣬ʹĻأľҲûʲôģҲߵ졣


351 ͵
ʱм˵аһʿֵ˵ãʱҲǼʶ㣬ɵһνɱסˣжȡ
ڱǺѣȴ֮ģʿЦɣھˣ»ôͬͷ״Ԫ
һ뵽ʱнͷ̧һвƽϢȥҲ侲
Ź㳡Ҫſӣ졣峿ƤΪմ¶ˮúܣͺһСڶը
еĿһʱЩҡ
ϸȥȴſڱи̫һʮҵıӣˤڵϡ
к棬̲סߵʱУĬʲô˼
ȻԹʹ죬ȴԵƶȡ
ʱиղűڵȼҪǿ֮ģ˿ʣʱЩ⡣Щʦ˵úܣشǾޣʵеһ֣ΣӶʹྲ
ŶԭʣʲôʽԾʲôط
ʱֻشǰʵýģŹ㳡ϴӡŹ㳡ʵڲׯأתȥ̫͵¡¼캢ŪҪ̫꣬͵Сֻξʮʱ̫͵ʧһλԼǾǵطԲ飬͸ó˱͵Ϊ
ŻȻ򣺡ԭһȴҪ߼·ҪţȻǽˮš̫š̫͵к͵Ǳ͵
ʱһʿԴںϤʱһ˵ʿƺھкܴı
С˵ӹԱתͷЦЦྲ
Ա񲿹ְҲǵһδӲμӵԣںʱһһС˵ȫȻûгϻ̳ϿֵģĿǵһμ
˵˼ξʮʱž̷ڵһҫ۵֮⣬Ѿкܶûʲô˲ŽˡȴһںʱӢţȷʵܡ
ʿʿͷͱԣеʱδЩԼҲһε顣
˱͵ǰĳеĿҲӡ̡
ֻ͵ǰС㳡ʮеСӣӺûеӣ廨⡣ϷС¯ţϸϸȥϻһСӣĸͷһǿǵ緹⣬ķı
Ȼ߼ĿԣҲǸʽŸΣҲûôϸȻѼ鷳
֣ǸҵԼӣϢȡ
Ȼʵۺڿٵĵ
ǸԱ΢Цſһۣ緹ԭҪӦ͵ġ
ʱĲЩͷСڵس
ڳͷͷӲֻƮƬҶӣѾûʱθڣӣʵۺܿŰųӿȥֻԾǰֽչأһҳϣҪԼ
緹ʣҲû˼ԣĥīһҳá
Ū꣬Ѿ˷
ͻȻ䣬֮ʿǷŷȥǿ͵ͿƼԹڼԱĴ·ֳ˹УھͿԡסž͸߹⻹мԱҲ֪֣ǵĹٷǶƷĲӣƶǸú֮ĸ߹٣˴ľ߲ľˡ
ʽ˶˳ҵͷ΢ЦȻĿ䵽ںʱϣ˿ĵѧ
죬һ̫һܵڸ׸Եǰתɿˡ
ͼ͵ǰһɫķ磬ӵ˹ڿף϶Ǽξʵۡ
ʵվŻƽһƵļ̫ࡣ
ڿͬʱӷȥ꣬꣬꣡
ξɽĿǰ⡣
˱͵д󳼲Żӵ̨ͨеǰһꡱξա
ͷβξĿⶼûκһͣƬ̣һޱģ
ָʲôʽȻһ֣ͨҲ̸κɣһ󡱣ڱŪзţԴҲ
ֱһ־ĥԾһĿǧ֣ÿģҲһʱ顣
Ҫ籱ʱĵӵӣôʱ䣬Ū㻨治ô򷢡ˣڳ͢һʢʽʽݡ
ò׵ȵֹˣ̫ƽߺඣ


352 ССʧ
ҪѡĿھһֱӣ̧ͷȥ
˵һڵʲôڴĻǾǿʵ۳ʲôĿˣͬʵʷϲһҲԼ鷢ӡǱεԵһһԼڼξǰۣҲ֪ξԼθ룬ԼԺ
ƽ䣬ڵϯ٣͢ٹ֮ףڸ׸Ծͽһھչˣʵξǰ
û´ھӦʮĿʵҪѡһĿΪ⡣
һ˵ЩĿڸĸⶩġڻԿгôһ׵İӣһٶףܲĻԴ
ʵȻὫ񽻸ˣԼⶩ
ʽϻҪһߵģԹҲǴΪһĲڡ
ξʵʣҪĿϹȥȴͣͷĿȥĿȺһ䵽ϡ
죬ĿһȦһ⡣
ƽл
ס߹ž˾ߵ󣬳ʵ۰ȥһа˸ˡ
ξ˫һ˳ֱӡ
ģ
Żƽһԡסž˸һƪʲô£ϽӦʲôİɡһƪ蹦̵µ֣Ҳȥ
ԵȰˣǵԵĶ󳼡ڵеľӱ֮󣬾Ҫ׿ʵˣĳ˵ԡ׵Ӧǿǵҵʦʦˡֻʵ۲ǵԵǲܱ˳֮Ϊܲá
ȵԵ˳꣬ԭΪξ԰ġɶٵȴһ꣬꣡
ʵͱ̧̫ӵӵˡ
Ȼ󣬰˸ҲɢȥҪزԺȥͷ⼸˵УžЩһ͡Ҫһ죬ֻ°岻ס˵ڸͲԺҲв顣
ֻԴоǰΪ·Ǹ񲿹Ա
Ϊϵǲ⣬дСҲûʲôôܹһҲܵøƷ֪أ˭ϸСԻǰ̣
˵ǻʹµԴ
ԣԴǶԵúɣȻʵۺ͸һߣϣһŨ
ͬʱһڳɳȥ
ʱߣ̲סС𺳣ֻһȦƵĹ⣬곤ʲôҲû壬ϧϧգ
̲סһЦʱŲʮ꣬ȴҪöࡣʵʷϣһһͱԲʣڵģȴͬ
ʱеĻԹüͷһ壬Ҫǳ⣬¡һ죬Ҫ˵ûʻضȥˡ
һ̫೤ߺߺȵˣ
Ҳͬʱһ
һĻƲŵԹͷԹٿһۣʹʱһҪߣ
ĿҪͱ߷ͻԼļ⣬͢ԭ廥ƥߵĵʧ
ĿѣʳһѾãʱͿʼˣѾһǧ꣬ʧ֣ʷľͽѵ¶úܣҲһ·ѭ
ǶǶ˶ģ²֪٣β֪дʲôдʲô
Ȼʵ۲ĿΪʽǡڿƳװ֮󣬿ǶѾ֪ԭί֪ԼԵĿǻʵơ
˶¶죬Իʵ۸һָж֮ġ
Ŀȴһʧû䣬ʵʷϼξʮԵһģһɴͷǱˡ
ǰ׼һƪģеĺ
ֳڣԱʦº֡ʷɷġ顷ǳֱʡ
Ϊ˺飬ʷá˿εġһȡΪǣݺݵذڿһ
˵ȴʮ˵õġ
ƪӦⳡԣȻǺ⡣
ҲϮԼһƪĿʵڼ򵥣һ㿼֮󣬿϶ӱ״ʼ˵ָԭʳǲԭϳּģǿ϶½ӡ̫࣬ȴ׳˲ԭʵ
ˣνжȣ̲ÿϸʵһ㣬ѰϸƣԽ̻ơ
ʵϣĿڣѾһƪϸ·İ˹£϶üáô죬ҲдøãпŪɳ׾˼Ҹȥ
ֻܳ̾һգǳɣڲμôೡƾٿԣԼ汾£ȴֻм⡣һ·˸£
ڵ̾ϢԱߵʱ֣̲ס
Ƶԣ⣬״ԪӦ֮һƳԼڣȴû˿ۡ
Դˣʱлкǿŵġ
˵ڼǺѣҲǾ֣ϧ˴͡
ѵʿ겻⣬ܰɣʱתһ룬ͻȻףʵףԲֶΰ
ִʿƫҲ£úˣ׿ȺͣҲñķڷ
¾ͨĻ⣬Ŀôˣһ·κһֻҪųһ·˳дȥãһƪ¡
ƫƫ·ǾʱģҪȥдŪһ㣬Ҳи˴һ
һЦʿҲסˣȤ
ҪӮʿ֣õ״ԪͿˣʱжʱ˾дĿ˼
Ŀ֮󣬼ԹٽŻƲһľϡ
Ȼ󣬾ĸ񲿵ĹԱ̧ǿӣڿѲΣÿǿ
ŰӣԻ
Ƿ׷ĥīóӣھдĿȻ̧ͷԳš
ǵĿı׼ʽͷҪдĸ֡
ڣѾʵϵĴԱȻҪƳ
дĸ֮󣬿Ƕͣ˱ʣͷ˼дʲô
ûзݸ֣һ꣬ľǵȫͳ
ǰΪʱСд˾ӣۼһȡ
ڸ̾һȴ˼ʾͿʼھддϰ֡
ԱߵʱһݣʿôͿʼдӣǲ˼˵ãѵǰĲ²ˡ
뵽Ҳٶ룬æñ׼κһһд˿
ԺԲַͬס⣬¼ˣҲĹݸġʵϣʲô鷨壬ֻҪдúãзӳɡ
ϾеĿѾ˽ʿºûҲԸϸдʵںãÿ۾һû׼ܸһóɼ
ټⳡԵĿʵûȤýĳ˵ȴ鷨Ĵƴ


353 ˸ͷ
ϰ鷨Ҫʻġ
ѧϰ鷨Ҫġǰû༼ĹŴҵһ˸Ϳ壬ûǸʵ˷
ˣ˶ҵʦΪ׼ѧѧ񻢣ѧ궴һ˵ѧϰ嵽ʮꡣǣܶ˵ķʦţҲ̸ʲô塣
˵һͯǺܶ˵鷨Ҳ߰㲻ͳʵǿۡ
Ϊ˲ڿԼʱ壬ܶ˶ӡˢһ˿дҲǹݸڿƾٳʢһʱԭ
ʱǽʿҲСʲټ󣬽α鼰£ʲôû̩ɽġī
һκдһɴҷ緶
ϵ֣ʱаЩ⣬ʤֶһְա
ʵ鷨˽ҲĥܶΡ鷨дòǰһùǦʣ˲һЩһֿ֮һ£㽫Ķ¼
ελڵݽġ鷨ʽ϶ÿ𺳵ġ
תһ룬˹ģĿԣ̫ŪɡݽǺãϲϲòˣϲģʵ̫ݣ̫Բ˳
˰죬鷨
ִ鷨ң鷨Ƕأһѧ鷨ǴдŹ񡱻ָ񡱿ʼֳɵĵȷݡͳ⡰ȷݡϡܼ򵥣ΪÿֵġġһڡġԲܰÿֶһģʽҷΪȷݡһΪνṹĻַ״ġ塱ȷݡҵķϴмķСǡŹġŵȷݡ塱ȷݽṹ壬ġ塱鷨
˵죬ȴԵþ´Ӻݵţһҹ緶
ڵԿϣȻò
˶鷨Ҫ⣬ԵľҲй̶ʽ˿ͷĳԳ֮⣬βд֡ԡһƪ¾ˡ
ֻҪʽԣʿ㵽ˡ
ȻԸʽһ֪ǿɾǷ˵ԵĴˣԲ𣬽ʿûˣֱӷڸƷĵְ١
ͷβй̶ʽ˵лΥʽ
νΥʽϡ족ۡڡ֣Уұظ߳һд׳̧ͷ
Улʵ۵ֶҪܻ䣬֡ξʲôġ
سŷģʱ֣㽫ꡣ
תͷһвٿûжʡ
УһȤ顣
ԭΪûвݸֽáвСд٣дöˣСãедԼ档
ԹǿֺֺЦ̲סȵЩҪ͢ٵˣȥղδ񣿡
˵껰ԼЦ
ӣʼ緹ѵģ԰ײԡ
ͣһӣȴһ̹ȡ𼦱һţ֮⡣
һˡҲüӣҲų
һʱ䣬͵㳡֨ĳʳ
ԹٸŭȵЩ󻰡
˵꣬ԵĹԱ̿ͬʱЦ
ʳ⻹һ׾ƣ˿鼦⣬ûûζھͷռʵ۱˵˼һ׽ǺƸˡȥЦͷˣ
Բƽʱ䣬ֻҪ꣬ʱԳ
ͽӵݸַ٣ַٺһȻ죬ʿ꣬˵ˡ
ԹںʱˣͬʱΧ˹һڳޣƯ֣
˲𣡡
Ҳʲôҵƣǰû
ؼҺĦ
ѵãǿԴ˵ģʱпȥѰֽʡ
Ѿ꣬ʱЩ룬֮ͬġû뵽ʿֱϿһģȴдô죬
дһ䡰ű쾸ʱȴھǰСҲûбܡֻ䡣
ԭ÷˼ξĻ䡣
һ㣬ʱаգһ⣺״ԪͶˡ
վڼԹߣַýԼϵˣһӡ£Ҳû¡ſ϶Ӳ¼֮Աһʩת˳
㳡ʱǷ׷Ĵָ΢Цŵţһ·°ڣ̧ͷ˫֣ңԶȥ
ͷһѵõʵһҲڿӷ֡
ڵıӰʧ̫͵Ǳ֮ƽԷĳԷӵӡ
ʱƣżһ£һ֣ͻһˢ
ֱӱԺĻǴˡ
ֻ취ĲþƾпڶǰéбʿԺĿܡ
οԣֻҪ˶ǽʿؼܱܲʵ۵㺲֣ǹϵԼڹٳ߶Զж컯ܷΪĹؼ
ûкԺͷϾһһ͸컨壬ôܸɣ⽮ǵͷˡ
ҪΪ࣬붼롣
緪ԹӼ꣬ҲͳôһλǼΪݡ
գٲǳǰܣͿˣʱһҧƽҲԷ
ȴ֪ʵʷϣԼӦ״ԪġʱգͬҲһġ
ֻһ֣˳˾ߵС
νĺɣ
ڶŶ˰죬㵽ţ߳һҲ졣
ŵıڳ֮磬һȣҪ֪ܶ࿼ǲġô罻ģǰû
⣬мĽӵڳһȥүȥǻظ
ڵ˵ͷԼҵĵַ˽Ρ
һ·ηĻˣȲμӵԵĽʿү˵Ǵ⹬Ĵųһװģֻǿ
ȻڿôĿ
Ŀ֮ڵ
Ȼһͨ̾ԭǴˣʫҿĽõˡ
꣬ӻͳһֽݽȥ˵ôдʫ˲߸ơ
벻ηҲʫʣȵͬʱڽӹȥһȻǼ״ʫʲôһˣ֮ĶǲĿúܡ
ֻúҵӦ˼䣬˵дò¡
ǽηڵĿ佱ǵ⣬ֿʼ˵ٳȷʵ;˵
꣬һʵ̫˵ˣֱǺı˾֪һ룬ȫ֪
ӶܣҪ˵ôãΰ
˼ңӼڻ֮磬һƣΪȣүôˣ


354 ת
ʱԼǺʱһңΪûб׼ļʱֻܿϵ̫ͷ߹졣
һ˾ŸСʱ춼ĭҲػе֦ڣ
ԿǴ£һؼң˶۹
֦æү
з𣿡
֦ճԹ緹ЩʣˣүҪãȥ
ˣʣˣһȾͿˡ죡ûӴδߴ١
˼룬ѾߺСǶһͨæңɿؽ
һ׷ųسһүã֦治ɲ޳ȥ治Ѱĺóӡ
֦һ죺ү֦Ҳ˼꣬ⱲӾû뿪ҡ
ڰοҲô˵ʱ̫ҽ˵ˣãϰʮӦò⡣
ӰָճǵķүôͶ̥һӵĶܳԡ
ѾǶ죬ȴЦ
ڷ¿ӣһڲˮ̾Ϣ緹緹ûԣ˵
ɣү˵ͻʳӦҲ׼緹𣿡֦棺˵Ӧü֮Ϊ£ôҲɽ亣ζη谡
Ҳɻؿڡ
̾Ϣѹʳôأʵʵ۳ԵıϰջϵүʳûĻʳýȫͷ䷹ýıȵϹ֦գԹ˼ķˣʡνɼףѡ
ӣүһΪֺôţ
ѾͷСǸսң֪ڼ£ôһ˵Сɧүʥϡ
ү棿
жĸ

Цʵ۾Ǹŵˣֻ㲻˽ˡ
˵˼仰ͻȻʣүô磬ɫѿǲǡòɣү˵ֻһ죬ǲѾˣ
˵ԼɫȻͷ˵ԼĵԽлϣܹóɼ
ڣôģõȼա˵ֻһ죬ôӣҲҪʱ䡣
ЦЦͽοԵĳͬ˵һ顣
ֻһ죬쿼꣬ӶȥվǶľѡһǰ߱ľӡһǰ㺲ֵģᱻʿһͽԺ
ʣľӣҲҪζ
գ󳼴¼ȡǰʮľӽݣ㱨
գпٴν͢Ρ
Ŷԭô˵õաףǰȻӼͬ˵Ҳǳ
ΪǰǸɵӣҲǳ⣬Ӻɸ֡
һڿƳһ˳һƽɵСһԾΪʿүӽǰ;һƬˣһãҲ˳ֻУѧĸ
ǵ飬ʾͲʣȻƾٳϵĹء
Ҳʶһ㣬Դӹ˻ԣʵϵĽʿ֮ӦЩࡣղǰݷʦͬʫƳͣһ쵽Ҳѵͬ˵ϼ仰
΢΢ǸΣסӵһֻ֣ˣǸ
Ѿߺ֦ΣʶȤ˳ȥ
һЦүôˣׯص㡣
ڣׯʲô֪ģҾôһ٬ˡ
˵ŻȥӱסȴֶӵĶӺôȴꡣ
ӽͷڼϣãһүԱȲԣβ⣬Ҳûʲôá㲻˺ּ֣⵽ط֪үˣܹӦ츮
ڣˣȥ
ӰһۣҼүгϢˣͲ˶Ҳ磬磿˵꣬ȴЩ˼غˡ
ڹһЦ󲻹ҹСҵνӣٵϼҴ¶һȴƷ֥ٵݻȥôҲŪ״Ԫۡ̽ʲôġ
ģүοԵòӴΪϲ
ڣһǰӦûʲô⣬Ϳôˡ
Ӵһ֣״Ԫ޷۾ͲҪˣôҲǸ̽̽ɰ
ͬС
οԣڻǺаյģԱϸһ룬ԼĿӦûκ⣬鷨ҲãֻҪٲѣǰ档
ʵϣεԵĶǲڸ󳼣ǲԺ󳼣ҶǱѧ壬ݰܹΪһԼݡ

ڶգĻ
λϽǶ࣬ľɫΪ̡ˣĻ϶ߣһںשߵĽȺԵ쳣Ŀ
طƣ̫Ӱ칫ĵطξ̫ӣطͳ˻ʵ۾֮ξʮʱطһյ䣬޲˶ʮ꣬Щģ
ɿԵЩªξҲãҲ֪ǲǻʵʮУʹͷü֣Ҳ档
Ƕľӣһ磬ԡ׵Ȱ˾ڵ￴ӡ
ôͬʱ٣ֵصСǴҲҶһڣ·ҲŽż⡣
ҫµĽשøһ
ƣʮһžҪƽеĶ١ԣÿ˶ʮţ׸ʮһݡ
Ӻ˶ٵ˼滭һȦ֮һ档
Լͷľ֮󣬶ὫתһҽŶ֮Ϊת
תϣԵȦѶΣȻϯ٣Ҳڸ׸İ塣
˿̣λٸսһֿꡣ
ӣһҪһһϸˣȻжӡ־ͼˣΪǰĿȸ˲οЩԼһۼɡ
Ѿһֵľӻûжꡣ
ﾲ룬ֻ࿼΢ĺ
Ѿˣ˼ݾӣ;Щƣһ꣬ҲôġھϿۣʻ˸棬дһʮֵӵһߡ
£Ծ﾿дʲôݣҲô⡣
ڵĵ˹ʽ˵֪ˡԿϵ飬ܲšΣֹڽԺ˵Сͬԣ˵Ĺϵߡ
͢ʵۡез紵ݶĿԣһʱͻ֪
ôһԷԾĴƣϼȴǴķ
ΣýӻʵŲֻвǰʮ벻˹ݡʱԿٵݣֱһıСص֪أԶԶ򷢵
ⱲӣʿҲرˡ
ڵľӾһأ


355 
ˣҲо˺ܾáʫ£Ϊ˴¡
ȻڵԿϣЩҲûʲôôܹԿĶһſˣҶòࡣңֹ£Ҳûи˷ԣؼǱʼ
ԵľȻҲסᣬȴ¼
Ϥˣ׾֪ľһţҪͨؽҲǺ׵ġ
ǣľʵڲɣһȦӡת漸˸棬벻ÿҶڸ࣬ΪһžӶ˷š
ңǰʮϵܷ뺲ԺҪüãҲһϡ
˿ĺôŽǰʮٿ϶ῴۣԷҶǸ󳼣˭˭ѽ
˵ľȨڻʵͷᣬ̫֡
ԵĿľǽڵǰʮ⣬ֻҪܹھнҳдһӵͿˡ
Ŀתʱ򶼻Ҳϰչ˵һľ˵ӣյһľٵΪ׼ಽ
ǰ˴׼ڵľһ档
ǣ˰죬ͷʮһžſɣȴôҲһŲڵġ
Щ꣬аڵŹ֣鷨仯ˣͲּ֪ʲô
֪ڻԵ˻Ԫ֮ԾɳռڵıʼԱڵʱһ
ʿǸͷˣĻ޲ȻīʱҲӲƴǡ
ԣھУڵֻǲٵġϾµĴʿ˶ӵڵһīΪ١
һرҫÿдֶҪһ塣һˣһһ֮ûعңÿεֶǻһд
ŪڣҲ㲻ڱıʼʲôģ
ڣǸҰӣ󻬵ýԤϵ죬˱ʼġ֮д³һ䡣
Ҫʮһž׼ȷذ治һ׵顣
ͷʮһƪ£ֻ붼һ棬Ҳ̫ˡ
Ȼּ޷׼ȷڣֻķ취ˡ
뵽ֻǿϸؿеľ
ʱͻȻһӲӱôӣֻһƪиϼѡ
ڰ˸йְͣһλľ֮Ҫת׸ԡ
ĻбͰôһ˶˾
ȥȴһɣʾھϻ˸ȦȻдһ
к棬̲סΧȥǷݾӡ
£ݣȥֵġɾʱȴһ˺һͬΪߵˡ־û׼ǰ˹ؽڣ˵˴ּѾڸϳˡ
У¶⡣
ǣҲվ˹ȥ
˶Ǳѧ֮ʿһĿʮУĿǻ
ԵĿǧ֣дһֽϣһɨȥܿ
һоͿһʵڿɰ
ԭеķ߲Լ׳ɵ·ǴϸԭȽĿѧ֣ٶԲԭʵн̻Ϊ˼дȥãø߷֡
ͷľӶôдģǧһ棬б
žȴǳأдʳҲܳ׷ֹûкôҲܽսԭؼҪƺݻĹҪʱ򣬶ʳʵи˰ʣơ
Ѿǵ͵ڷˣСǰǰǽҪʵֻʲôݳݳʢ𣿡
ϸһЦڰڣƹôڲرʼƪȴ㳹׳ˣ־͹̫ϲ죬ò׾
ʱžҲ̾һϲþȷݶйҲʵпɷԵʡֻƪ¾ͺ˵ԼĿ£ݽ겣벻ƵԳƪġһκ׿һݾѾˣתһϼѡ
˵꣬ʹʣ滭˸Ȧдһ䲻
ҲͬʱͷҲҪȥȦӡ
һģû⣬ݾҪõһˡ
˵鷨ãžһ˵Խ϶Ӿڵġ
һʱϲдκ˵֣ӡ֮һдһƪƯκ壬˭
˵ţ


356 Се
ԵһϺȣͣ
߹ʱʣϸϿɾžвĵط
ϾڸԪٹ֮ףϯ٣˶ͣ
֪ҶѾƪ£ң϶ƪ״Ԫʸ˵鷨ҲǳԼǿҪֻ±˲
ȹԼ֣һȴˣɡ
΢һ˼ɨһۣҳһ
ʱװһǫ͵ģĦԼĺ룬ʵҶףܹ͵ͷģ˭ǽ֮ܳţȻԲ󴾺񣬸ͷֲߵˡ֮Ȼӱ鷨ãһˮ׼
öԵͷԪ˵ǡ
Ƿݾӵһ˵㣬ŵǺãȻױ΢覣⴦ġ쾸Уȴӵļɣʽȴǲˣλ顣
߹ӼҲû࣬͵ͷȷʵˣȻ棬ĲųڣȴΪüɻ䣬ȻƼʵۡϧˣͷ֮аɣҲǸһѵ
ݾӵĵһľˣҲİоģҪ֮пɣв
˵仰ȡ
ϴԲףξҳţôҪܻˡֲǡ֣ߡ计֣߻Աߵ֡¼䣬ǹٸĩβڼʱмξ֣ѲҲҪܻ䡣ˣָ滻ʲôʣⲻ𣿡
һ룬ξֲһţ¼ʱġⶼҪܻ䣬һô¼ʱ䡣һֹҪĳڼξʮ¶֮ǰ˰͵üξ֣֪ӣô£
׷׵ͷ˵ǡ
һʱղҲǼˣĴ
һϣһһ˵ǣãξֲɻ䣬һξ֪үţҲҼξʵ۳ƺʥϡԺεĳϣܵҪһʾ𾴡ӣʽȴǲˡ
˵껰Ҳܱô룬;ֱ滭һ档
棬ο˼ңݾȴѾ״ԪԵˡ
ԵǿʶΪ죬ӽҲ׸ˣҪڷ
θ̾Ϣһݾӵº鷨ȷʵһɣϧʽȴԡ촽һϳ˰֣ʾ˲Ҫ
ô˵ֲУȷʵ̫ʣҪҲ˵ùȥ֮УҲƽΪȲŽǰʮ֮Сһͬǰʮһ͵ʥϼǰϰɡ
ͬʱͷ˵Ȼ飬ôɡ
ҲͲˣԻԼľӡ
ŰݣҲ̾Ϣݾˮ׼鷨Ӧ
ڵԣ˵νںʱУǷǳصġʱϵĴʿȡˣȥȴһЦҲԵÿĿ飬ûˮƽ
ڣʱл󡣿ңͬҲϵͬţڳͬΪһɣν۵Ҳͬ죬ԼҪ໥Я
˵Ѿ˽ԪͻԪи״ԪǿɾԪ̸
ΪһͳĶˣ֮δûдԼѻĳ嶯
ɿΣӦв״Ԫˡ
һ㣬ҲǳΡ
ľܹͬǰʮһ͵ʵǰڻʵۼǰܵĶ裬Ӧûᱻʿ뺲֡
ڣȻҪּ뺲֣ȥȴǴĲ
ڰڣôôͼ󰡣
кɸ֮Уʹļˡ
תҲݲ¡
Ϊһ죬ԴͷľҲ⿪ҲϸֻҪ˸˺ҲѣȦ¡
䣬ʮһݾ꣬ǰʮҲѡ˳
˵ƵԻмƪдúܺãһڿԵͻ
ǰ˼ɵǷݾӣһƪ֮áȻأĴϵԲ̸ܹĵ˵ǳݹԣȴһܴﵽġ
ѵдһֺ鷨أÿֵĶͬеƫеƫңֶġһȴȻɣŵͬ΢εӺ͸һޱȵĴ
ٲȻԳһˡ
ݾ䵽ͷģڴ֮ǰѾòʣ߸ȦܵҲǼá
úúã鷨Ϊ״Ԫӣ˲һͻͼξʢ״Ϊ죬̲סЦ
һִŸߣٿ佱˵žҲͷ΢ЦǴ˾ͬһֻҲδӮ
߹Ű׹꣬벻ôҲзʱ򡣴˾Ϊһ鰡ҲۣŹֵ鷨ټС֮ҵʥϽݾӴϷҲôĦĦеı⡣
νС;Ƕٽѡľ͵ʵǰȵʹȺ򳤰ʱĴ͵
˵鷨ֿʼˣôֳһ³ɫ鷨˵õľӣѵžڵģôղǷ˭أ
һ뵽֮жʱˡ
Ѿһת˶˾ӣһġ
̸ݾӣĿ䵽ϡ
Ҳð֮Ӳžһ˵Ҳʵ
ֻûе滭˸Ȧӣдһ
ûд꣬˶ͬʱһ̾Ƶ״Ԫˡ
еľӣֶˣѾȫ
λУ˶һѣʱûƣӷ˵Իؼҡ
˿̣еľӻǷͼģҪȵ콫ӽʵ۸ʱɻʵ˺ַ⡣
ڶ糯ʱ䡣
մƶȣڼ䣬͢ǲ糯ġ
îʱλ󳼾ʹǰʮľӺһݷ˼ɵģ˻ʵ۸ǰ
ξ𴲣ήң۾ȫǺ˿ԼǸշɵǼϹһϸƽšһëݹȥʵ۽ˣ˲
ͻȻһ˵ƣܾʲôط⡣
ʮһݾ˫ֳȥһʮӳϣһ΢覣ҲϣǬϡ
ƽ˾ӣϡ
ָָǷΪڵľӣȥ˵һ顣
ξ˰ӣЦΪȻ˵һֶѣҲʲôɻ䡣꣬Ϊ˱ܻ䡮졯֣⣬һЦ⣬УںȻ׸ô˵ˣɡ޳ȥȴЩƽһ޳ɡʣµУҲǰ׵׸㿴ɺã
˵ѯȴûء
һַǰ˺ַ⣬׵һ޹ʱС
һ̲סͺ
ҲЩ⣬Сɧ


357 ʹ
ξҲ֣ףһʱҲţ˴С͹̸ľ˾ˣ졣о֮Ϊ˹˾ڡʱбܾ˶ԿУ˵ֻεظĻա壬ڽ׿Ҳͦġ벻ȴΪӸʽԣ䵽һ֮⣬Щǰʮ벻ˡ
ã޵һʿ򴫽ȥȴǲ
ڶ󳼷׷׵ͷǣ̾Ϣʱб״Ԫ֮ţ벻䵽⾰Ҳʥ϶䣬ҪΥ˲š
ҽͷӶͷһңҲ֪ڵľӾһݣǷѡʮһˡ
ѵǺ汻ѡе״Ԫ
ʵۼ쳣̲סЦʣͷôôູˮ
ԲΡΡȣʹЩܲס
ξһЦ޺γҲȵýƽϸһʪë
Ȼ˽һľӵһۣ˺ַ⣬͵λ˵˼֣ˡӣҲ뿴ˡ
ӵһߡ
ַٽӹӣͷ˳츮

ڵ˵ԷŰӣҲ׻˵Ĵʹ䡣
һîʱ㻹ڵȰʮһʽ˾ص˷ǰ
Ƕ֮һ˳ǨʱϽǵĺġʵʷϣξʮһָ̫͵ǻʵ糯֮
մ糯Ȼ衣
ʮһ˵ҲǼٻɫԲͬһⶼֵúܿܡ
ܵõֵȻһΣˮ׼ģȴⲻһײ˵˼ԼǰʮҲһƾٳϵ飬˭˵أ
ΨһʱУһһǷϣ˶ľˡ
˶ˣѾûһǰн˵ԹҲ˰죬̲סС˵
εԣ⣬״ԪͰѾʿֵ֮飬ҶҪȥ˸Ҳ֪˭컯ø̽
ǰֺͬڵԣҵȵҫҲǵĲҡ
Ҷͷ
һ֣΢Цζ˵㣬ҵ벻˱·Ҳ˵һԴûʲôɵĵģֻҪԼѡǰʮʵһ˺ַ⣬ôҲҪӽһġ
ǣᱻʵһӡ
˵״ԪǰӦòڻ¡
ڽǰʮΪ»鷨ϼѡʮһѡʮž¼ȡĸߣھǰé
ǫ䣬ȴʱн첻˵
֣֣ôˣ
ʱ૵ˣˡ
ڣôˣֺγԣ
ʱУֻǰʮˣ
ڣҲȵؽ
ʱоʲôô£ʵϣ쿼ʱоʹùﲻϳˡ
ʱŲűؽԼдһͬ˵ˣ˶һ̾Ϣ
üͷֲɰҲ̫ġ
ɲɲ˵ɸʽԣȴ鷳ˡ
ֵ񲿴һȣ
ȵƽŴͣ
ʹʽʼˣ˶ͬʱ쳤˲ӣ©һ֡
ȻϯԴӵ߳
ҲһĻҰܣһһ˳츮ڣڶXXXXXX
һ̲סһϲ״ԪԪһãˣǹԲˣ
ƣεзΪףһ׹һ״Ԫڶưۣ̽ͽʿڣһʮ޳߱ףͽʿͬʿԴͺ䷢ͣһ׵һںԺ׫ڶںԺޡ
޳𱾣ͬʱһǰһѡݽԺʿҲͬʱ߱˽ʸ
ͬڵĻϲһһ׵ĿҲǼľ档
ֻ˵ıȴԲͬһŴʹЦһϲˮΪԭֻǿѹ֣ҷһ
ϲȴһ㶣ǰôûʱе֡
ʵʷϣʱпһڵ״ԪԼڣѹһͷиۻ̽ӦûʲôѶȰɣôǰ벻ˣ
ͬһ˶ֲԣͬʱԴתʱС
ʱпɬҪҡͷȻˣֻµ㲻˺֡ʱҲҲҲ
̾Ϣãһ֣ϲʿָ״Ԫһ仰˵ڣƽҲˡ
һޣȻǸʷϵغ治


358 ʱе
ߣһǰֺҲϻתͻطȥˣһ¿ƽʿǶһߡ
Աһ̫βԣæһʼ
ʽĴʹ俪ʼˣһһȺʢװڷǰ±ݣȻһȺֶӳڿƴ֡
һȺԱڶ麺͵֮ự̹֮ͤ֡
ԽԽ࣬ϹٸĲӻεۻһƷԱ
ʵ̫¿ƽʿǶС׷Ū
ʱѾָ̬ЦŽ˵ЩԱ񲿺ͺµġ
˶ֹȻʶ㡣
Ƭ̣ùǬʵߣʱкࡶ¡ƽ¡졣Ƥƣһ࣬˾ִޱ·裬ϣö쳹ޱϣݴࡶƽ¡󳼵ȹԱʵߵ񡣴ѧʿӶ麵Ļưȡưڸڸ׸ԣڵеĻư֮ϡ
㡣һµĹԱһȺ˹ж̣һʲôñӣôҿȥ
ɻʱֽ˵֦Ҷڣ½ʿҪνֵġ
һֱǸ͢ƵĻֵ䡣ڣҲҳһšɴ˿ɼʱеʦУв˾ҫһĻؾͬ˵÷ˡ
ͻæͷϡ
ʱݴ࣬¹Ա½ʿλ¿ƽʿųͷڣڶܯ֮ĩ
״ԪȻ׵һұߵһǰۡ
̽վˣΪûΣѰλãųС
˵Ƶİۺ̽ûдڸеˣͬһ͵͵ؽͷȥ
ֻںʱ򶨵ֱͦˣʵϣʿڣ˻ûйâԡֻϧ״Ԫʱ֪ʲôΡ
ξʵϣЦؿĽʿǡ糿õɵҩѾɢȥġȴǰǰޱ顣
ųںʱУξд죬״ԪҲ޶꣬ǵ̳ˡУ״Ԫ״Ԫ˵֪ʶ֮ӹŵ˭ܳޣ
뵽ЩƮƮȻˣֻξͺԼͷһ쳣ع񫡣
Ե˵ͷ񣬸ھͣξʮ괺ǣ¹ʿһ״ͽʿڣڶ״ͽʿ״ͬʿʮһˡگβ࣬ڵлصϢ
һ͹ٳһ׵һ˳츮ڣһ󳼰࣬ࡣ
ǰۣȻ̽
ճ͢ƣҪǰʮһһǰлҲ˵ҫǧʿӣʮ꺮ȵľһ졣
һǰִ֪ˣڵºҲķռһӦáں˭˭ܹѡݽԺȴǽ滹һ״Ԫ֮ŵʱС
ǰ͹ٸ׵һݸʱС
ûǰһ
ǸԱֺһʱС
̧ͷȥȴʱľګվһԼģ
ʱСǹԱҲ಻ס͵͵һѡ
ʱǰȥеعȥֻǰǧɫķ˶ʧȥƯƶһ㡣ࡣֻʮ֮ĻǰǷһӣעĿ촽˵ʲôҲû塣
ڴ֮ǰѾˡĴʿ˵иʿӦõ顣㺲֣ǳ׵ʧܡ
ԼһѡԼ縸ϣԼϼɽһصĺʦ
һжˣԲˡ
ˮ߳ʲôҲ壬ʲôҲ
µϲÿ档
ǰʮϣǴѧʿƷϸټ½ʿߺУߵʱкࡶƽ¡ξʵվ߻˹
ڸ׸һľ̷˻ưڲ֮ͤУ³ţһȺ̧Żư񣬻⣬ڳŹ
½ʿгѵţгţһͤл߳
ڵʯֻлʵ۲ſԲȼŵ·ǻʵ۳дӲԴͺ׼һ׽ʿɴųҲе¡
߳һ·Сʱ͸νˡ
֮߳ǰһһֱڵʧȥ˼άʱУЦϲֱԺˡ


359 оܺ
һȻûн
֣ͷȥȴʱ۾ֱˣ촽Ҳˡʱһ֣ôˣҡ
ͬʱཻãػΪǫǫʲôͬԼ˵ڴԽ̸֮ѡӣе
񲿵ĹԱʶ㣬Цڴ뵣ģ֮ɼöˡϲϣһʱת䡣
˵Żʹ̽һֻĴָ׳ʱеȥ
ԱųָףһƤһɺѪ˳
һ̫ˣҲңҪҲĨҾŪ˷磬ҽǿɾˡ
ãһҲ֪ãǱˣʱнһĻ񣺡ˮûУˡ
õˮʱʵ۵Ѿ뿪Ҳ¾ʥϡ񲿵ĹԱæ˶һˮҲȵݹȥԼһڣʱС꣡һ˸ͷ
ȻŽ˹ȥʱнӹˮһУòŹһȥȫ
ԼǴͣ۾ﷺһỨͻȻһ
񲿵ĹԱЦûʰһ¡һǰҪ֣¿ƽʿҪŶȥԺμ硣
νаһԷɻʵһʶʶٷʹЩаԺǳ͢ˡԷĵصһ㶼ڻʼ԰֣񲿴á
һ˵ԣΪһԿͣŸоΪϤ͢ƶȣΪʵ۽ҲᰲŻʳҲû緹ڣѾʱˣδճЩܲס
ɳԣ˵ָߵǼǵĹ磬Ӧòʱȫʳɡ
ǻν֣ȵԷҲ֪ж೤ʱ䡣
ڲԸ飬ͷʱгȥ
߳ͿһƬƲʴƮͷ̫סˡ
һߵʱ૵ʱڽҲĲӣǰһԵ׿Ⱥķ緶Ծӡ벻Ȼ˶׵һѳֲסˣʿЦ
ڣֺô˵Ͼǹϵҵǰ̵Ĵ°
ʱУͬʿٻ˼ҲͬʱǺʿӣĸȥ磬Сھ˾˼ҡǵĸȥʱ˵ް磬ҪˣǼˡҪֻܿһ·ߡ˵ãǧǧ򡭡ǧҪΪҵ͵־ӽû㰡

Ҳܣеʱͺûٿȥɫһ˵ĶӿϺͷ
ֻرĸߣʱվԵ˵Сƫƫַʵǡ
ͬһŲꡣ
γʱ˵дգ
ߵź󣬳һǰ˶Ҫȥ񲿵Ⱥ
ʱеļ򣺡ֵȥ񲿣ȥȥͻء
ʱѾָЦ֣״Ԫۺ̽еҫҵҲֻпĽķݣؿһΰ
ڹһЦһǰΣǴҿò˹ٳշת˭˵أ˵ֲҲ˺֣˵Ҷͬһϡ
Ȼڿ˵ġߡʲôԼ˼ʱлǶõģ˰ͷڻ˵Ժ
ڴ棺ΪΣ
ʱУһθԣν֮ѡݣѡеĲ֮ܳΪʿ
ԭԴͺʮգҪнʿѡκԺʿơѡ
һǰֱӱͽԺȻȥ
ĵʮҲǶ׵ĵһҪȥһ
޷گۡ衢ʫʽǰһɼΪһȡʿ¼ȡҪۺϸԡԺͳοԵĳɼȵڣԳɼΪһ˵Զסԡһ߿϶¼ȡɼͬʱҲǽʿڹٵݡԡԡӿ鷨ȡŵȡ
ʵҲǿһ¿ۺʣǷ߱ѧʿʸ
̫棬Լȥˡ
һ˵ء
ãˢҲֲ˱ˡ
ŪиĳʱһȻûġ
ʱп϶ص˵ͷʱһʱζȻٷ˴ʿңǺԺᡣ
ڹЦ˹֣ȥ
˵ŵţ˵ڹŴֻлʵߣִᣬƽҲǹŵġֻÿʮһεĹıʽϣŻῪһΣųﳵʿ֡
ܹͻȻһԵļܹ󲽳оĺܺð


360 
εԵĻưѾŹڳϣȻ˭״ԪϢԷǿٶȴȥ
ʵϣһεĴȶԾϰ˵һʢ䣬ԡŰνֵӺͳϰЩ
ҵĹŴǿȺ˻Ĵ£һкǿľԡ
֪Ҫν֣һ磬ϰվ˴ڳϵһ״ԪķɡһأǲпڿԴÿ춼һΣһͦ˵ġ״ԪûоѹлʲôĿɿʵһѵõľܡ
һ߳ţԶԶؾͿǱǺѹѹͷɽ˺ҲΪ
ǡpeoplemountainpeoplesea
״Ԫˣ״Ԫˣ
簡

һ
ȵйԱһϣֽһ嵽ĹʱͻȻ𣺡ã
ø
˰̶ӵĴ£ǰȥ
¶񵭵΢ЦסسȺ֡
нٶȻʵھܲס
ɶǣ̶ӺͻʱʱͣЩʲô˿ĽĿ糯ֽʲôģ鳵νôӷ
˰죬ֲһС룬ִ̫ƲɹһˮǽԼĺӣڼҪ̲סȥҸ½̯سһǾơ
·ҪΧŻʳһȦһŪ꣬ȥμ磬Ҳ֪Ҫȵʲôʱһ뵽ô·ھЩ޿̡
һ룬һձ˻ھعҲҪôһȦˡ
˵ϴ׶ذ˻ᣬܶҵ˶ԱعôһйҪΪõĽʵ̫࣬ϣˣôһ
ԣεԣԾǵĺܶ˵һҼľ˶ᣬӮ˵һǹӢ۴ż
ڳֵһ¥ԣżͷϿȥǶһװҲûˣֻ档
δСʵҲˣҲ´Сڷ뱣۴ޡ
ԣӳΣ¾˵ˣʵ̫̫֣ĸӾͲġ㿴ôˣȻǱˡ
˵Żָָ棬Ľֵռˣˮкͨ˵ֵӦһĳ۵״ԪģΣά˳ϳӿȥ
ճĵҲԽԽխ۲סڵʹسǰȥ
ڽֵߵĵ̣Ҳ͹ţµһң˳˶
¥Ĵһؿţ˺ͷ
ЩõضεĴؾͱ˼Ҹˣ˵С׬һʣŪ˹èʱǮ
ǱŵģǸϲ벻˵ġֻҪһˣͻޡǰЦûϲţʷ뱣Ц˵
뱣æǵģӾǸϲ棬ֵģﰡ
ԣô˵лϲΪֿˣ
ӦǶˡ
ӦүЦЦ֣һ߽ؽ¶׻ظ
š뱣æִˮﾻؿڣȥι
ȻһгʳСӾͲˡ
ֵĻʲôʱŵЩȲڵķˡԣһڴ
뱣ЦүôˣҲ߲죬ûʱҪЩʳ
Ҳá
Ҫȥʳ¥¾һİߣ˵ʿ걾µ·үʥùٵġһ׮촦˼䵱٣ҹȥظЭүƶνնҹҲ
ԭһ˵˵¶
¥ÿնͷüУ˵һɤӣȻ˶ࡣһɤӺȴԶԶشȥֹ˸¥
үһ̲סʿʲôʱͨģôͲֶ֪Σֻ¸ҲûС
ЦʿǴ壬ֲ޵ôͨ˺˵ˡ
ǺǣҲˣµˡҲ֪˵˵ʲôĹ˺档
үʹ˵һΣ˶ʹͽ
ããЩҲǼ˵Ҳû˼ȵʿġʯͷǡȤ
˵ŻͻȻһү㿴Ǽ˲ļҲѽǸѾôŶӣ벻ʿҲкˡ
ԣͷ뱣ͬʱͷȥһ¥һ¥ȥǶӡͼѾСӡ
ӵˣȴʶġ
үһЦڵĺӣȻҪģ˶ˡ


361 
ףԣүͻȻȵصͺ
ôˣʡ
ԣָָߣ˭
뱣ȥȴ߻һ޵òɷĵãƲ˭
һһںƲĹϵ˵ܹ½ӳ뱣һܣȴͬү˵
͹Ҷүڵļˣһ൱˵ãѰʮ׳Ӹ
ҲػĶӣͬһ齸ʯ㽫˳档
ǣʵǸáүָһƲ
ң²Ӧڵĺ֪ƲӡһЦҲнеҲ֪ôģ˽顣
үŻȻ򣺡ԭҲνֵġϧˣһʦˣȻͬʿ˽飬ƫƫǸ˵ģҲ˵ʲôֻǣȴЩڷʿӣ޷ֻϧӵˡ
뱣ŵӣү˵Ҳ˫һ˵ɣ
ԣһ㶣ȻЦǣǡڣ㲻Ƿּ˫ް
ҲЦȤ
嵡ӡŮͼѾСӡ
ǷŻưӣڴ֮ǰ֪ھ˵ڼ״Ԫνֿһ£νֵ·ߣﶨ˸λΪó٣ֻһ¥λá
öӵȳԼȴȥ
ȿ˵һ״Ԫżæ㱨ǡͬϡ
Ӽ˵ĻϲزͬȴһƽҲڴӲμӿƾٿÿζõһһĹϵѾƣˣҲ̸κξϲ
С㣬۶ˮ
߽¥ײ㣬ͼ˺öˣһ˵˵ÿˮɡ
ѰãС㻹Ĩᣬȴ˵㲻ٿˣү״ԪĿǵͷˡ
ǰ嵶ޣһ״Ԫ͢ҪھٲһݣʱͿԻˡһ־ݹ
˵һʮ긾ˣСĸƷˡ
½ұ֮·˼Ҳȥ˴ͬСžۡ
ګ֮ȴ޷롣
С˵ͷڵᡣ
˵һ˵ʿʱ·һӣҲû鮣ֻҹһסһֻŮڰҹʱͻһŮڵĻǡʲôκΣͿ˵ԭΣȵʲôħ֣ȻңȥɢŮ˿ԭΣֻ壬Ѫ裬һϮХ
˵ÿ£ղŻĲʱ
СҲ˿̲סĸ߰ȥ
ʱ˺¥ˣͺǺߣῪһЩϲĶӳǵϢٶȷǳĿ졣һӳ˵ֻһԼѣʹܹƳյȤ۵
ξʮ̸ľˣСϱʫʼٵлԪ״ԪеĹ¶ʱɲô仯ǹҲãҲã޶Ҳãǰϲּġ
ֶ˺Ů֮䲻ò˵Ĺ£Ǵҵ
µʱ̾ʵ̫ˣŮ㣬Ӧźˡ³ԵڵȥXXǸOOȻڽҴ١һͺɱ˵Ҳ
ֻҪüʥ飬Ȼ˺Ȼ֮ͨŮ磬ȴǲ壬һ߾е鱾һӣʮɫڰգŮڵء
ʮɫǡ֮ԱƣϰԶ
ڲˣʲôⲻǡ־ֲǡվ͡¾ô
˵һʱڿ죬˵©죬Щ˼һҧŵŮ֮󣬲סġ˵Ӧֱӽóġɼһɻˣ·زҪ
ãڣͬʱкãжħˣ
С˵ò̲סһڡ
ŭ˿ɶ˷̰үȥһ١
С󾪣ɣ
ʱ˺״Ԫĳˣ


362 ż
һӵһ״ԪķɡӺСҲϲæСſ˵ȣŮţҵ۵λÿȥ
ͼԶ˺ôһȺ飬ǴҲʡ
ǰͷϳ̶ӣȻǻٽŲۺ̽
˶ź죬ϲס߹ڹ֡
һһȲʴӰտ𣺡һ״Ԫɣ벻ᣡ
ǰ״Ԫʮ꣬ͷ׵ͷῡεģǵһ
״Ԫ𣬾͵ᣬνҪꡣģҡͷԸ̾ȫĽʡ
֣˵ʿԪõ״Ԫֻǵһ
ʲôԪԪ̾ѷõףڴԵԣڶͷ
ֻ²ǹʷҲǵһҪؽʷеģ⻰˾
ѵõǣԪֻڡһοûͣôһ·
ʦﰡ
ͬͨմ⿴ֲͬǿȴһ棬Խӵظоڵ֮ȾҾ
ԱǵۣСͶ໥СģоԷĺˮֶһۣͿ˴ȫǽο
Ʒ˿ŮȴԵЩͷ֪Щʲô
齥ؽˣŮףڸߴİϣһĴ磬ס΢Цųߵͷʱһϣʹ˿ûһҫ۵Ĺʡ
һ̣ǧĿĽ㡣İۺ̽Ѿһִġ
Ҳ⣬֮󣬴ֻǵüξʮ״Ԫڡۺ̽˭˭أ
Ӣ״ԪҲ֪ǸŮӺһȻеĻ˹ȥ£е˶ˣҲͬħһ
ʲôʶسǰӡ
־ʻ廨ЬҲͭǮӡ
ϵȻǳһæ̽˫ȥɼˣϻ˼֬Уʻغü㣬ͬʢ÷
ҲϸŽƵ̽ɵùҲ֪ĸӵʵ̫׼һӹȥ۽ǡ
̽ƵСͷӣȫûд˵еС̽ķţ类ҵĳ澪ɪɪͻȻһӣ۽ðѪӴһصڵء
жͣʱһƬҡ
Ǵ棬ʹŹӳ߳ȥ
ڵҲöᣬֻʹץ֡
ϴ뱣˫豻ĥƤƥЩӰҪ΢¡
Լǿϱ鲻ԣӺСеǣͬʱУүʿ꣡
ϤתͷȥͿСʹŶӵĶӡ
ΪУſ˫ۣصˣڶӺСĸŮһƬյءΪʵ̫࣬װۣϵ·ÿҪըˡ
Ҳһʦܽôƿ
û뵽ܹǣΪ棬ΪӶĺӵģ͵ߵǰЦƷˣ嵶ӣôˣ
ӣġ
С΢Ц˵ʿĺӣһֻһΣôܹʿ״ԪʱǺεȵĹ⾰Ҳͬ˵𡣡
˾ͺãûڣ״ԪҲûζڴЦ̲סһסŮ֡
֮ͥ±ǣŮЩߣˣͷҲȥΪ¶˵ıʣݵչʾԼȴһҲж
˾ٶڹŴνǺף˶ŴͰ̶Ҳͣ
СۣŮӾ˭
ǴŶӵŮӦ״Ԫеķ˻˰ɡ
˵״ԪķӣŮ˵Ǵðġ
ǵ˭˰
ʶǴµƲӣ˵ǸдΪģǰӻȥǩءôͬ״Ԫ˽飡
⡭ŪСݵ˶Ŀࡣ
Ǹ̽۽ǵ˿ѾˣϾ͵ˣڲסҡͷ˹ɨأ
ҵۣСͶӶߵ޵ݡ
Σһüͷ˵ùܣҲҪ¡
˵̧ͷλŮƲδķˣеǶӣڵƽޡаĺӣһȻҪһ״ԪȻһϵҫĿУôȵԼļˡȻҪͼһġ
ҲˣСͬԼһǿǻʵģӷּ˽ͨ˭ҲܲšȻ˵ʵ۲ȢС㣬ɼξûһҪȢС㣬Ҳס
ڶӣŴСݼ͡Լôһ࣬ô˵ͼλáǵģƽʺġ
ӣү
Ʋʿ꣡
ߡ˵꣬ŶŮǰȥھⳤһ·״Ԫҫǵһ롣
ŮȦһ죬ͬʱ
ǣ˾ô˾Ŀлǰȥ
ȴһˣȴڽеãʿ
ãһʿ
ֵĲ´ǧ˶ͬʱ
ںͰۡ̽񲿹ԱҲ˰ͷЦԸ£ˣʿκʿ緶ǰšǵȵȣȥ
ʱΪûΣ˵ĻлŨصκʿĿʵܽܵΪȴܱܣǴ˵еʿּѻ
ãǣŮڳ۵ϻУݵþͺֻһƽӣ¥ϵɫˣ˿ʿ˷˿ȴΪľӡем֣
ԣҲ̾ʿҲǰڱǰˡ»Ȼɽһȴֻ˹ʣã
һЦүӵܣҪɣҪڹʦΪδĻλ̳ˣδ̫ճ͢ƶȣ֮󣬳з뱣ճһʦʶֺ˵ĵȵ꣬ͿԿʼ̶ˡ
ʼҶ֮Ϊ£ɶ̫̫ĽȴǳŽ
ү΢΢ЩΪѣ±žģ˵˵Щ硣
үߵˣǰʦҵ֮ʦеҡ
үһЦɡ
˵䣬ѾȥԶˡ
ȴǣŶŮһһǰߵѣͺǷһصİһ
ȷʵѾԶŮĽѾаţ׿ڸˡ˿̣һɣδҲûκεǡ
ҿ˵ġ
ɷؼ䣬סģԶΪ
ܻͨѡ
ڣһʥ֮ԣΪΪĵ
գ


 괺


363 
ʮҹѾԲˣޱ޼ʵ
һĽˮˣɢˣϣ׹㡣
һٴԼǸ·Щͷֻͣںӱߡ
ɫĵŴͷŵļӣдż֡ѧʹߡӦѧšһЩƣֻҪǶˣ֪ɵӦ츮ּۡξʮԺԵĿٵĹٴѧڴ档
Ǵ˺λݵһΣȻشںӣܵǱ߽ˮļᵴ΢ġ֨졣
ӤԼǱˣĿ
һһŮˣΪǸһԼʮճͷüĿʡŮӣٶׯΪЩ΢΢𪡣
ӵĿŮӳһүˣȥ
ǶӣǸʮͷڡ
һסӵ֣ùܣأȥҲûá㰡̫ߺӡˣ͵÷ҿȶ̣ҲҪˣֱӽҲóЩ
ʧؽִֽӶ۰
Ͳˡº͵һЦլԺڸ֣֮ʲôϢж͵ļ࣬Żɾ͡ν콫˹ˣǣƤ
үӲؽһ˵һһ׵ģӾˣŮҲ֪Ҫ۸ʲôӣ
һЦŮȻҪˡνŮֻиŲᱻСӸƭȥ
һЦֹŹֵ˵㵱ҲСӣôͰƭˣ
ڹЦȥģһˣûѧ·һһСҲ̫áǶӺˣСȴҲ⣬˲ġ
Ȼһʮ꣬ȴһʮĻϹʱԼѪȻǴľϲҲ֪ʱ˼պͷˡԼȻչһޣԼô٣ʮͷ·ÿԼߣҲΪˣڴ߶ӣȡˡǿ֡
һöǿҲǼԼִִɫ֡
ʵ˵ֵöӲ˺ܾá
ϷӦ츮ԺԵѧʵһּලܶս¡
˵ǰս´úܲãʽ״̬üξǳա
սôȥˣǧľ˽ȥ춯û
񣬳͢ڵƣþڵط˰жһǴһ
ӵȴһͣβ󲻵ļ
ڵƶȣþڶڳＯ㹻ǮԱ㾡֮ҡ
û뵽һͷսϾһû˵ˣϳʧȥôһԴ
Ҳʼϲ飬δûԵ⣬ֻҪ̴ȥ͢нϵĵط
ʵʷأȥ¶Ͼ͸ûһĴʤˣܵʧʽݼ̹һٽ
û뵽սȴΪҲûнļ
ûʵ۳׵ջˣڵƶǷ෴á
ǹϵδ;Ĵ£һʵ۾𲻵ս˳սϵճ˹ڵǰ̿ɾߵͷˡ
ʱʹԼܶණ뵱Ȼԣһִͨ죬ͱȲͬʱμǡ
ãʵӦ츮ԺԣѲ鶫Ϸ񣬶ٺܾսһᣬֻҪܹʱúܺݼ̹ܣϳڲ޹й
ѾǺԺ׫ʵŵ飬ǰ;һƬٷŵطη⽮ڻ¡
ڹڼҪһˡ
ֱܵܶűںݣɺʲô̳ˣ뿪֮شںݡˣһʮУٶմϾӪԼ
ȥ굽ڣ£û֯һɹģսۣھȥϾȰȰ㽫ԺԸˡ
һֱ˵Ͼϼңôɢɢġ
˵½½ˬҲϾ½Ǽһǽ㶼תʹ˾й٣ɷˣȴϲϾķһֱסݡ
ˣ˿գͳϾȥͷֻͣڰ·ϡ
ô˵ͷЦڷ궼ˣҲ˶ӣЩζҪŮ
һڣǿͰ۵ȥٲˣҪƽ
һһͻȻеʱʱ˵СҲУǸŮӡ
⡭΢ңһ˻У´ȥ̫ãþ취Ȣšھ͵űʹǵͷɡ
ţϾ˺һλүһ棬˵仰
ȴŰ
֣˵Լǹٴһ˼˱֮Ωֲôȴ£ȣ


364 ûͷ
ڵĴÿڰϣ̰ҲʮȥͿ׳ӡ
˶̴磬Ϲߡ֮Ķ̱ΪҹɫԣҲǵģΪȴһֵĸоͷҲߣЩƫݡ¹УоͺһͷǱıӣֻһ춯ͻ˺÷顣
书ЩŵӣȻشաڵǸʦͬһҲܿһ˵ΪΡ
˵ЩʵҲ⡣ȷһ˶Աͨ˱ǾԴһ벻עⶼѡ
ҡҡͷȴ⣺￴⼸Ӧˮûͷ⼸ڣʵ۶ˣ۽翪ȻȻһ˿Ҳ¡
ԭǺᰡһЦͻȻЩף⼸һﲻүİɣ
νûͷĺᣬֱ֮Ϊ̻һز
˵ᣬʵҲǴſʼֵġǰʱҲνһ˵ʱǵط壬ҲвҵġʱѿĽһ׳ǲۣͨʹúܶũҪôƲҪôõĳʵ̫΢ˣʹũֻ޲ߡǻԾڳ򣬲򹤣գרƾ٣ֻӡ
Щ˾ۼһ𣬻߿Уծֹ򿪷Уٸŷò飬лȡǮơ
ԴӴԽ֮һĿƾ١Ϊӽµ״Ԫѧʿߵöϲ·ߡν̸Цк壬ް׶û²ĲݸӴ
ڻͷ᾿ʲôģЩģ
벻һųԱ˼Լ鷳򵽹ٸϣ⼸ӵ湻ʣǲ֪ˡ
Ҳ֪̣Բˡ
̵£ͬٸйᡣ˵طٸˣڣǹϽϵȨĺܺܶҲøڼӡ¾ԲУǾûʲô߼ˡ
еǶӣھͳ֡
첽ߵǰүĸסүԷ书͡Ҳˡ
ڣΣ
شүĻСԿ䣬ΪЩ鷳Ҫ뽫֮£ʹУһӡ
һЦǾûʲôµˡ
˵Ż̰˾Ͳͷˡ
ΪǸ˴һأǴңīīʲôǲңǾˡ
˵꣬ˡݣһȥʹһȡ
ɴ󹭣
ת۾ǰ
ڳһһžô󣬶ÿ죡
үˮϾһƬˮֿ䷹ԡүȥ
ڿףͬԼһͣҲǶʮͷͷߡԵ÷ǳɾݣȴûһֽ֬һ㡣
õһƤͦ˧ġΪˮдƤڲ˵ϴ˲ٰߵ㣬ˮһ
һ˵¶һİ˿ȴЩϲ
ֻǣһ￴˵ʱϲԴĿ͸һ˿аУƽǸѱ֮ˡ
ģڵʲôڶʮʱʱ򣬿˭˳ۡ
ˣͺȣ󵨣˴ү¹򣬾𣿡
ǰǸߴ̫ͣȭԽԽټǰһͷģԽûдڸˡ
ˮҲǿйҲϡ
ʱЦһʲôү˸Ƥ뵱ˣ浱Լǹү
һȭͷֻԼүһɫͽſ۵ļ¡
ȴЦЦǹԱײٴͲ±ٸ𣿡
ˮȴЦһЦϵҲЦͺʲôȤĻ
ںʣˮЦʲô
ˮԴˮһĭүҲҪˣΪϼӣӾðټүȥ÷ãÿڴ˺ӺͳеĴУжٹٴ˵ִʵ϶۶Ϊѳ֪ͱڵˡ
ˮΪԼǴʲôطִգ˸ٴӣҲӹر˰
ƶȣͨʱÿһضҪһĸ˰йĶ˺͹ٸȴڴСˣ̼ܶдʱ򣬶һͨʱʹá
ڵǽ۹ĲҲȽģˮĿЩϢЦðٴأô϶ҾͲǳ͢Ա
¶ˮʵ㣬ҿƷĳ͢٣ѵͲ£˺Ժ֮ڵĹٷҲӲɫ˴ۡ
ֻѾ£ʵ̫񣬴ҲȽϷжв㣬
ʵ˵ڶĹٷЩðĲʵѿĹȫٵȫޣһȥ¹
ˣںԺ߻ʵﵱһ¡ƷҲϳҲ޷
죬ǡþһ¡
ɣĹٶˮЦ˼һƨڵСǰָץһӣӼдڽš
ǰڼװһСڼӡ֮Сԣͬһ¡
ˮˮ˶ʮ꣬ʲôĹûܹʹٴģ붼һص֪үϰʮͷͣһСƾʲôִ
ٶһͷô˵ʲôˣкЦ־ֶͨʵ̫Զ˵ڣʱУҲ̳ĺ֮ޣҲŶʮ
ˮְһŻƤӵϣָڵҿǸˡ
һ㶣ʲôʱˣۺôҲĴʿʫԻҲûп
ˮϣ˵ִܹ󴬵ģбȻҴĹأ˲ųУһ޲ѣǳԲ𷹵ˣʲô
⻹·ˣڿЦУʵǲϲָод𾲵磬д·ʣ
㵹ۼ⡣
ˮ˵ǣϽˣ˲֪١УԱдմƶȣܴҾ졣㲻˶ˣ˺ӡҸԶӤޣſ϶һҼٹٴˡ
Σһһƶȣȴ֪кμ̣


365 
ڿ佱ˮԵãȻ£Ƕڽߵģ˲˵Ǯɡ㻹жٿλҪӣ
ڲ⣺ʲôλʲôǮ
԰԰ˮĵемվ´ڣҲϾˣôⶼ֪
ڣ治֪
ˡˮֿ죺Ҿʹ촰˵һҪȥϾҲͼʮˮ㼷һٴӣҲͨء
ˮĺˣµġˮıûУߵ·࣬˵˺ӺͳһΣ㽭ǱҲȥǵطڴ̣һϡáĵضȥµʲôõң˵һˡ
һҲû뵽ˮȻȥǰߡ
ŴϾоǰߵϢ
ԭ˽ôӣسȥֻһ£ͽȥ١
Цˣ˵󣬾ȻúԺѧʿүߵĴ˽ˡ
ڳ˰֣ʾ͡
ˮĻѵ˽Σɱͷ˵⴬ϱл˼Ҿ죬ɲðա
ˮô˽ΣǻɶǱι¢˵ģˮȻӢ䣬ȴִ⡣ҲһӶҩģʲô˲Ρ¹סߵģϲڴȱҩһһʮ
㻹˵˴⣬ⲻͦҩǺ£˵Ȼ֮󣬻ʲô˰ڹⶻСӡ
ˮѵõغҩĵǴ󣬿Դʹƶ֮󣬳ٸһүҪһٸãжүǿɶǶͶ̥ôҩģﻹγѪˣðգҿ۸ɣҹѾˣǾͲ˵ϻ
˵ŻˮҲϴŰվߣһľ
ˮ˵΢΢һüͷǿԽҲϵĴ⣬ɲӵľʵ̫չҷҲǳ顣
ҡͷУҿɲΥ顣
ˮԱߵӼھܾʱˣЩ˵ǣȴҪãǿɶִ𣿡
ˮתͷǳסڣǽ̸ģֲ١⽲Ըǿĵ˸ҹ´ȥ
Ӧһ´ȥˡ
ڰԵͷˮǸˣƷ
뿪ˮͻȻһҾأүʵ˵ɣҲˮĳ˵ģҲǰͨأЩӰˡҲʮҪԷһ͵ֻĵӪͿڷԡ
Ҿ˵һأôûУһЦʣҪͨҲװǮڴϾͿˣô뵽ùٴ
ˮ̾ϢһǰܹأڲǶһүؿЩ۾ֻӣһʲôͲǡ˵˵ֲŵģˣҲ˵ʲôھˣүǲǣҲҪöү
ЦԽظоȤˣ͵˵ͷҲգ࣬Լ
ˮΪϲ֣ллµӣһҲġ
˵գͽýݵ´ȥȥǻˣ
үҪ˵ϴ𣿡
Ȼүҵ»Ҫˮġ
ǣү
һͿˮһһ˹ʮŷ϶ŵӣװúƶҩġ
ϴ֮ˮҲϻһӵݸӣɩӵǮ
һǶʮֱʵǲСļֵܸߡ
ȻǸܻµˣæǰͬڼ˵Լľ
΢Цͷƿ֪ˣϵط󣬻Ŵȥɡ
ллʱŷڵȲв˸ͻ
С˼ò߹ȥ֣ɩˡȴתĿⲻסɨ衣
ջ𣬺һת˹ȥ
ȴˮݺݵؿһۣҿʲôҲܿģϸӡ
Ŀ׺ݣ˾һ亹æͷȥ
ĵˮ⺢Ʒ治
ȴ룬ʵ䣬ӱСꡣ
ˮϰݣ浱мǮ˲ŭұүǵĻͳͳӽȥʶ۾ýǷɱĻ
˱ò˵ͷضȥˡ
ҹѾˣԻݰЪ
Ȱ׵ˮֹ˵Щ˵ȥϾмʮأˮһ졣հߣ䶼һê
ڱһѣôҿ˴
ʱ֣͵򽭣ǳĴ󲺡
һ죬羰ھһڴϱ߿
ˮЦŵϰ徹Ȼ飬Ѳɻ뿼״Ԫҫ档
ڵһЦ˵Ҿ״ԪŲţ
ţţˮϳ˵ʵ㲻װټ𡣵ٶģ˭û¾ñ鿴˵ϷҲ̫Ͷ˵ɣûˣôװġ
Σֻ˵ûİãϲ顣
˵ٶҲãˣ˾û˻ԣүǡ
𣿡
ٺ٣Ǻãǲˡóˮںܲð
ڿЦҲͬ磬ΪǰѲĴֻ
Ȼ˳ءһǹٴʼ仰ͷˡ
ЦŶڼװϵˮˮӵ׬ס
ˮſʼأؼϾͷǵطأ
Ϊʲô
ˮǵطֵĹؿüϣɲɾͿˡ
ˮ˵ԾΪλЩԾڼװ˯
ڼˮѾˣͬ˵˸㽭ս£˵Լȥ⣬ʲôʣȥʡ
ȥ㽭̨ݰɡͬ˵˰ǰߵ飬ˮͻȻôһ䡣
ڣΪΣ㲻˵ǰ𣬸մ̣ҵúܡ
Ǹմ̣ȴҡˮЦݼ̹үүĵ̣µıʵҲ֣ʵ̻ÿʵıӿŲʲôóҲýүүıɽĿ󹤣һʵͽһսȴƽŵط
ô˵ݼ̹ıͦġ
ǣý⼸ĹٱһܣܵܲӮʮܣǧ﷽صؽɨҲֻүүıҳȥӼ죬úѽڽһãˮЩ꣬㽭ܣүүһ˰ˣЧⱲҲֵˡ
һЦҿҲһգôȥݼ̹ΪЧأӸղˮ˵һλпˡҪ뾡ս£䵽ݼ̹ϡ
˵£ˮЩɥǶӣﻹʮĸҪȥ֮󣬻˸ɩ໴׶ҵȥǰͬƴǰ̡ˣǸô
˵ˮס̾Ϣһįȥ
ղͨʱξһһˣˡ
һ˳ͳسһ׼˾ʳڼװںˮơ
ˮղ˵Լ£鲻ãֻͷԾơ
žƱŽϵķ羰
ľݵǸƣ̸ܽڿһавϲҲͬ˵
ľˣϰٴãоˡָڴͷʣӦ츮ѧ֪ǹϾ๫ġⶽѧʹʲôְ㻨˶ʹ
˵ûлǮأ
ôܣǮôŪơݵǸЦһ
һЦҲ͡
˻ϰݣүŮʲôˣ
ջ׾
Ҫˡ˵ķˣǰǸϼôӴ㣬ΪˡҿӦϰС檡
ںһɫѿ
ͻȻʣϰ壬СǮ
ľ˴󾪣ƣ񣡡
ˮһվ
Ҳһ仰òȻŭ˵ʲô
ˮӶҪųˣ̵ģϹۣôĶ˴
תͷڣϰ壬ôˣͽСӽȥ
˵꣬һץס˵ڣӼװ
ڿвסҵţ̲סſſ𣬺ˣСֲǷˣһҲûʲôҲϴô꣬С檵黹𣬲ϲɵġҿС޶ˣҲˡһǧҸǧӣôɣ
Ҳ̲סǰҪһǶȥ
ˮȴһ
ֻˮһֻˣ־ʮǶȥ
ˮ־ֻ֮Ƭ̣˾׳ͷڱǽѪ
̲סĲҽУɱˣɱˣ
ľ˴󾪣ҲֻסҾϰ壬ҵȲԣˡˮɲܴˣٴҪˡ
ڼòˣһˮſ
ޣˮһĭµϣŽӵװϡ
ߵĶ;˴ˣ˹һɣŭү⹷š
ˮԣɱ˸ɾ
ҡͷɱ֣
˻ڴУɱңԸǮ
߰㡣һš
ľæ˻شȥ
ˮЦſһۣûӣԼŮ˱裬ȴûеɱˡɱʲôӣ۾һͱȥˡϰ壬ǰ㻹ǸȴûϹ۾ѴϣطһҲȥˡ
һЦˮ㻹ǿˣôɱȴˣȴи⡣


366 õ
ˮб۾һƵô˵
ǸӵˣңײңһЦ֮ν˲С˹˵ӣնص漰ҵļȴ϶ϲɣⲻһɱܹ֮˽ԩǽ治ǽԹ˵̡̲
Ȼ̡ˮһͬĵڽжҾ㱻˴ñȴҪ˸ҶĸסɩӺֶһָͷɱȫҡ
ˮбڣϰ壬ȴûϿһ˿Ѫԡ
ڣżɱôһҲʲôܵҪȡ֮ܽͷ֮ޣܵƼȮ汾¡ɱˣеʱǲҪԶġ
Ƕŭɲǽȡһ顣
νҵŵ֪һƷ֪ؾͨȫұ˵ˣڣֻһڡ
ڸ󡢺ԺͻʵߣȻȻһϣǿ
ô˵ˮͻȻһĪظоһ˿η塣
һľҺһ
תһ룬һͨˣƾʲô˵Ĵ󻰡
ʱЦӶҶ˵ʲôɱȫҡҿϹҲסǿš㲻ϲ𣬹ûȴԼӶųˣǸѡ
ڵһЦֻһ֮䣬㿴
ߣҵſôһҶˮȵغžƣٲڡ
ڣҾһŰȫд
˵ŻСǰʿʼдšѾ˼ƽϣԼϾݰϲճѪȥԼһʺϸɡ
ˮԽԽ˳ۣѾȸɵľƺӵһߣ˵֣ʹװ๫ˡհհգԼżղ飬ˡ
ǣľϼװڸǰһҾϰ壬ղֵĲǣ֮ԭ
˵žͽӷڰͷǸ˵ִͬյһӣˮһһݣ͸¡
ľ˿˵۹ǳϵȲ֪ⲻǳˣղ˻ز֮ͬһ£˴յǮܲܽƽϢȥ
ˮЦ˭ҪǵĳǮ٣ôӣһ˰ɣˮܺü˵ˡ
ȴָָǰλãľϰ˵
ľϰ壺ϰ˴ȻȣԺѾӦڽҹˣһ°ڣǰ
ˮŭ͵ֱӽˮȻ̰ͼ˼ҵǮƣϰͬˮĳΪݡ
˵գŤͷľϰ循Ŀܵβһߣ˭Ҳ
ľϰСڵϰ٣˵ˣ㲻⣬Ը˽¡
ڵæ˵£ľϰ㣬ϰͬʲôϵһ̺ŵģ
˭Ըͬôһ̺ţûõ˴ùľϰ̾Ϣľĳɽˣ̡ΪȼӪҩģ֪Ϻ˲κ¹ףȥ·ӡͬϰʶģͼòǱߵ·
Ŷԭǲһ·ġϰڶ·Ӻܹ𣿡ڲľƶû̫ܵĹϵһʣȻˡǶһˣ§ݴӣľϰһҲա
ô㡣ľϰϰ·ӿҰúܡ
˼ӣľϰ壺ϰᣬľϰ͹ٸûʲôҲ󲻵ĴʵϰŮйϵΪֺŮ棬ÿ궼ԭЩŮ͸ЩūΪľǷͷչ˲֮ҩġ
˵ľϰһķߺޣϰ壬ǽ¶ˡ
һҲû뵽˵Ʒ˵ӡ˿治ܽŹ˶ܷŹˣԼҲ̫ĸ
̲ס˵ľϰ壬Ȼϰ˿ɶôͬߵһ·
ľϰһû취ҪԷ֣򲻵Ϻõҩġϰ壬ȷʵҵȲԣҪȥϰԸһ˴ټӵǮ
һ֣ˣһʱ䵽ϾҲ뿴ȥɡ
ľϰ£дõŵݵͷÿ촬ȥǰͬ˵˵
ǣԸȥ졣үδ
ڵ˽˽ѹ˰ɣʮǧ˻˽ΣɣնҲ乫˻ױūɵնеķ߽ΪūŮ̷˾ȥҪִùϢ
ǡɫһСס
ȥɣ


367 
һҶ۴ڵŷɿȥ
ʱٴʻڳֻϣˮеò죬תҶСͿӰ
ô飬ȥȱˡڱ˫ֿŽϢĴֻʱˮ֪ʲôʱܵˣõô鷳ӣҰʰˡô᲻ǮҪԼļˡˣļҶȵҵ֡˵ˣһǮ֡
ڱòЩջˣǰҪǲԼ֡ȴЩûʹһ٣ˮ
һȻҵĵͷϻ
ϻúúãǷϻˡˮһЦȥòӹٴ߲Ĵǡ
óˮһˮ·ϤĴֻв̴洬ͬʶСˮȻ㣬ֳˡ
Сϱ«ϴá
ڣˣ
ߣҪܣүϾģкţҲͬ˵ͽͷתһߣԹ԰
ڣղſԼ˵ġ
˵㣬ˣޣ
Ҳϡ
ʱһƧĴľ˽ղͬڽʱͬ˵ˡ
Ȼ֣οǻˣҪ˼ҵķˣⲻ𣿡
׵ڶѪĿȫǺ⣺СΣЩƤҲ£ζˣ͸Ů˵ϰСϲ׼ԼõġԸ˵һˣƾʲôˣǽϣûκΡղѾ⳥ˣôģȻˮڶŮӣ͵͵ؾͰˡ
˵ϴɱ
ľӿףЩΪ˴ͨŮ·˶Ůӣ캦ҪⱨӦġ
Ӧ׸¸һЦľǰͨҵõҩĵʱô˵ֻȴ˵Щ𣬲ڶˣ
ľסϰ壬⻰˵òԡͨ׬ЩǮʣǮҲɾҹҹʧߡ
ʧߣǲָ𱾴үŭˣɭɭһЦǮʱôʧߡǰʲôһƲɶ˭ͰҸָһ·귷ŮӵʱҲûٳȴķˣ
ľͻȻֺݺݸԼһǶ⣺ҵҲϹʶ㣬Ϊ˿ڷҲǳ£ƶ˼ҵŮȥˣѰլԺѾߣҲһ·Ҳ֮١ȴȴȥŮΪūҲˣһǾͺڣԻϸҵϰҪôţҲܲţûѡ
ЦӲ뵥ɣҲšϰ壬ҿǸų֮ˣиˮˡڴϣûСֻҪ˽죬ܵҪһس֪ҵ
ȻǸСˡľŭվȥףϰ忴ǳˣΪĺϻˣȰһ䣬Ǻ˼ĺá
׵ЦҿϰҲһ̼ӵܣһγ̣ǸëûģŻ˭
ľҡҡͷٲ˵ʲô
ֻߵߣϰ壬˵ѾˣȴϹǸ
ڵȥ
ľ̾Ϣϰ壬Ʒ£²ֶΣֻ½鷳
ڣҲ鷳
ľ߳գ۵ĵеĺͬг˻ҧúúãǽˡ۸ҵ۸ˣ˵ΰһˣóȥӲ㣬ýˮ˸ˣ
Ȼү֡ˮҲǸƤ֮ͨأʡ¼ǮǱҲǲʶˣׯɶˣְܾһͬ˵ϼ仰ֻθʵ̫̺ϾֿӹɣεðˮˡǸڣҲܷŹ
ҲǼǧӵ飬ˣɴľһııֲ¸ׯܵʧܴ׬һʡ
뵽˾ӵò룺ŮβܴСǾӣ޶ɷξ㻨ٶǮҲҪõǸСŮ
һ뵽׶һ죬ȵϾٺ٣


368 аԵ
ˮڵ©ҹ·ſϦȾߵʱϵϾǡ
ΪŶϾķ֮֮ʤһӳϿȥѾ˵ƣȻڳǽڱ¿УƬƻȴѾˣϦҲƬƻԵȻʧɫ
̣ʤڵƹҫ£һĲ
Ǵ˿ǳйģϾǱϡϾ˵ΪϷΡáĻѾǧʷһ³ǣǨ֮Ԫ󶼵ĻƵؽ񲻹ꡣ
𱱾µһϾһӺݴȣ˵һûϹ塣
⻹ڵһεϾԽǰǸڵ岻㣬ԺĲдҲʱɫˡڸһִͬһİɫһɲЩʧˡ
Ҳǳˣźϣ涼ڴ;ϲڻؼˣǰ뿪ΡңΪҲزˡ
Щʡ
̾Ϣһļ򣺡ˡ
ˮԽز˳ۣԭϰҲӦ츮ˣųȥû갡Ҳ֪ǰסû׼ǻǸھӣסġ
ڣǰס֡УǸ緺ƵƬһЩģˣͯ¡
ˮЦӴԭסڻʳĴٹ˰ѹһװ๫λڻʳϷһǹԱ͸ŵİ빫ص㡣Ͼӵĸۡ͸סڻʳеˣͬͨϰռֱڲͬ
ˮţ˭ᣬЩֻ˵ֻӲȫһƬġˣܰԼ̧Ϊľ±۸ʵúܡ
ںͶһЦҲ˵ֻʣˮϾǵͷأֹٴһ㶼ͣʲôط
ϾͬСطֻһͷӴʤصԪٵŽ֡ţСС߸ͷĹԱطһ㶼Աȥͷӭӵġ
ҲˣϾ֮ǰҲûӦĸͷͣ
٣˻ˣգͬ˵һ˵ٴͣڽš
ڵͷԸҽʻȥš
㻹ȥҲãҼҾסǱߣҲ㡣
£Ҳûʲô˵ġ
Ӧ츮ʵ̫󣬴ӴʤȥҪưϾǡһ·ȴ˳һ·ϲйٸС̲ͧ飬ǰǰ󾹴Ĳ֮࣬ǲѪҪڵĴǹٴԵҡ벻עⶼѡ
һڵִգ͵һͷַġ
ˣеȴˮزͷˡ
ȵ뽭ŻصʱһС洬Ա·һʮ̣һˮЦźһСˮˣ˵ȥݰ£ɴУղͦġһȥõ˼β㣬ؼȥ
˵žҪڴӣһˮڴϣΪڵĴǼٹٴҲη塣
ǿɺáڲȥҼҳԾơ
ԸƨľƣڲȴƿڴСȴҲ֪һȥ£֪ҶüĸɩֶδճȫԼֻբз㻹˼˵Щ
ҼҶˡˮ󾪣ҲסˣҽڴϣڲĴϣͷںˣ̵ģˣԽԽٴסˡ
˵ŻͲסشڲߡ
С죬ͿӰӡ
úЦֻܳԴբзˣִʮһɲͨϰܹõġǰҲֻпˮķݣκòһˣôҲóԸ񫡣
˵Ҳ֣һ·׶ڴûгǸľһֱվڴͷͬҺ͸·ؿڵС򽻵ԵúǾɡ
Ҳǵһ·ûֵˡ
ֵĹؿѾ뵽ֵ̼ͨճУͶ㲻ȥ
ֹ˴ԼСʱٴʻ˽ŵˮ棬ԶԶͿһƬĳǽһĴֻΪѾȥȴС
һƬһˮ壬ˮܻ
ˮҲдССĴֻס߷ӵӵϵʶҪط۷ɢͨҪͷȴǧѡ
ʱһ촬ɿسڽһ˻վĸأ峤ζ״
Ĵֻǣǿһɿرõһߡ
ǶҰսӴ磬Ĵ߾ûв´ӦֵˣĿڵĹٴǰٴͣ£ְ
Ӽ˹¾˶ӣæ˴ա
һһצҵϣȻ󼸸ʿϴʣĸŵģִ
̵ģͷðٴ˰˶ˣҼҴʲôͷҪϸ̲飬ݽбĿɹȥ
ʿֵվľǰס۾
ȥľӵܲܵЩô
ľ裬סعָ֣Ц˵ˣӦ츮ɣ񡣡
ˣͷ˶ˣȥ÷ϾӣʲôûһҲаǧֵüǮô󣬻ܴǺã
ȻǺܵıǰ轾ýаЦȥ飬ݣҲý⼸򷢵
ʱѾ磬Ӧ츮͹ԺĹԱѾͷϵһˣǵȥԵüӣ׽
ⲻһС£Ҳûϡ⼸ʿȻ³ҲǱȻ֪һԺѧʿѧٵķ
ɾʱѾһû¶ͷײ֪ʲôط˳һܵǼʿǰסֵףɶ̼֣Ͼ̣񡣻뼸λүи㣬ǿ
仰һ˵ڣʿͬʱһȻ¶ϲı顣
ˣһΪһٴأȴԭðġ
ȻˣүүͲˣдţҵ˰
ͻһĻһ㣬סϱɫ˷ǰԼͷ͵˼ҵȥԲ𣬾ʲô
ľҲˣָŭХף㾿ʲôǣ˼ϰ塣
ϰ壬ԭϰ壬ʲôˣһʿ׺ݵߵǰ´ðԱٴ·ˣ
ӿһɱһۡ
ȴ˰ͷʾͣҲ׾ڸʲôҵȵȿ
˹ʿҾװһŵģϰ޸ɣС˵ĴͬׯоɣͷûУ
˵žͽһѩʿͷ


369 ΪǮ
ʿһһؽţֵӣʱüЦԭׯͷĹˣҲׯͷûˣӣǱ̲أҪҲѡ
˵꣬͵һֻ𣬡ݣһϣȻը
Ƭ̣һСʿΪͷձññϵĴӧӺػ͵ïëӡȤ
˴Լ׿νׯܰɣ
˭ڽңһٴʲôݷС̵ģûôָƨð׳ò׶һɶЩı
һʿЦͷȴǹٴмɡ
ˣģ˵ðٴѹؿûաȵȣүүȿûбׯ˾ֽŲãڵĴ
ׯүûˣׯɰЦӭȥס֡
˭ѽ˭ʶ㣿ׯȻûϳ
ЦׯүˣǰϹգһ͹ȥϺõɽء
ׯܣˣ㲻˵ãһ˵˲Ӿ˲ΣģȵѪŸ첲ѩһҹȡģˣˣ£
ŵݲ԰ףׯүСĲԣԸ⳥ʧ˵žͽһǮƱ˹ȥ
ׯһԼаŻϲ˵µýǮķϣº˵ðٴסֻҪʹӣүүû¡
Ŀо̰ʹºúùһһʡ
ףׯүԸǧӡ
仰ׯܾһһƬϲؿˮǳ㣬ÿ춼кüʮ룬ҲʹǮŵְλΪط̫ҪиԼ׳ɵĹأûֻ£͵ûúôһ˵ȥˡ
ΪֻʮޣȻпž̺ô
һ㿨ס̴ӦɵҲֻܵüʮô
һھǧģĵһǧʲôֻҪ֣°뱲ӣӴӶ÷ܶˣ׵һ̡
һڣֵʿðͬ󻩣ںľǴһ
ľд裬̲סеףʲô
úܣ̰ϣ˵ĻһҲһǧȥⲻҪõ
׿Ȿɡ
סڣľү˵ʲôʱֵˡЦſһۣͷׯܶһ
ׯϵı粻ղ˵ףӵĻҪ֣ȴꡣǾôֱۣǮںľ£ҸڰˡǧǮȥ֮ٷһ
ƲģׯܴԼһ£һˣ߰ǧĺôáԼֻʣһ²ûǸˡ
ͽһҧָںľȵðԱ˽˽ˣ£ؽηֻҪСһͣҪıǵǾ֮͡
ʿͬʱӾҪȥ
˭ңһ𴬽ǰ
ڴЦָׯܣ󵨣ı͢٣췴𣿡
ǳ͢٣ׯһϾĹԱȥĳ͢ȴͬЩһʲôʲôͷε˴һǿɵĿưʿүҲǸƷ֪ء
䣬Ĺٵλ̫ˡһƷĹپ͸ָƷٺȴֻЦСĵķݶ
ʲô٣ٵģ׽еҲһ˰ˣׯүġ
ڲмһЦӻͳװһԣԼ
һʿɿؼڵĹգݸׯܡ
ׯֻһۣ;ûҲҲ˻ˣ㡭㡭㣬ǺԺϴˡ
ԱߵľҲŵúëˣԺϴʲôҲǸ⽮Ժù٣Ūûп
벻һԼߡ
ĳһ֣ȻӦ
ȴЦϰ尡ϰ壬ðʲôãƫƫҪð亲Ժĸ߹١ƾװװ񻢵ı£ðһةѲʲôģ˸ŪȥΪûѧʿ˼ҳ̣޳УԵɽ亣ζһ·еطԱӭȥʲôΣһ·ҿɿףȫ¶޲ӣճʳ˲õĶ졣ʲô׷ϹӡݡϺ˵Ҳǿýǹ˵ͷ𣿹ûĹʲôģҲ޴ѧȥ
ڵ˵кЦȷʵԼǵ͵ЩҲערųԴҰζ䵽ʱ˵òǸٶ
ڣô˵ѧʿ
ôûѧʿɶϵ·ͯԿһ·ȥҪнʿûʮ²ͷӡϰŶͣʮûɡ˵ǺֹˣҲŰЦᶼˣׯү𣿡
ׯȻʡ򣺡԰㲻˵ãһ˵ҾͻعζȷʵðģԺĹûݵ΢ûǸȴԶԶεġǷ⣬Ǹ󣬸ûһţ⿪͵úü٣;ϣطٻ·Ϲӡð亲ֹˣûѧ񡣡
εؿЦһƷãɾһȱ㣬ңϲųҲΪһ㣬űʹǵʵҲԱձȱ㣬ʦԣǰ½ͺžףҲˡҪʢʱڣ÷٣ԱǵҲǳ
Ͼһִˣǰ˿ʱ̰۸ĹԱ룬Լ浱˹٣͵õù٣١
֪֮Ҫ뵱ٲôףˣҪ٣ֻźͶӶҪԱĹʵ͵˷ָһ˶ѡ
ʵһôҲûʲôˣؼҪ£ڹҺ£˲Ųġ
ȻƽռڻװһӵӣϾ̫ҡҲû³žɣ½ɣΪ̫͵˸һҾͱ˳ˡ
͵ˣƲ
ׯ˵λŭӿøӣȻŻүշǸɫǸ£ˣȴһٱ˵
ǣʿЦ߹
ҲִЦԶԶԣƭӣǸľϰ塣ģҴң֪үүˣϿûкҩ򡣡
̾Ϣһһۡû취ֻܶˣգֻƬ̾ܽ⼸ʰˡ
ۼžҪ֡ͻȻ䣬ͿСɿس˸ߺʿ֣ڴϣΪˣˡˡ
úÿ죬ȻˮϺ֣̾ͿڵĹٴϡ
Ϊ
һڵĴôݺݵʿһ䣬ȵʲôˣĸŵģ
ʲôˣְĺ¡ΪѾȫȥׯҲ˵òǾӵ˺йˣкܳҲ¡
û˵꣬һױϴȥׯܾһǶ⣬˲ĹۣϾоġ


370 
νоʵϾرš
ϾرֱӹϽϾоϾӷΪǰ֮ΪоΪ
ׯǸսϵѪģԷԱоģ壬ΪһǶ⼤˹һԡһ̧־ͽԼ˳ôأ۸Ǻͷˣ
عٴӳ͢ײ͢٣ٸͬ췴ҲǺõ˼Ҳϴˮǳ⡣
ĸĺУׯܴŭҪˣᣬŤͷϦԣȴһŶƷְٷˣ亹ˡ
󵨣ױһǶȥʵ㣬λϾرо󶼶ɰүĳ졣
ׯͨһڵϣסͷүСĸСĸһ뵽ղ˵Լͬ췴ŵûҲ
ױţ׺ľɫ䣬æͷȥһƷԱͬݵͼ˱һϣһ£βо֡
Ҳׯܣֱߵǰ´ŹЦЦǻ
ȻһҾʿ꣬ӦˡǾʦһһ꣬벻ȴܹϾᡣȴ֪ǳɢģǵ˹
˺Ǵˣͬʱһֻľǻϲȴͬȥˡ
ҲһЦˣӦǳɰˡϾǾԺ󿼲ʥּӦ츮Ժԣǹ
ǺԺĹˣľ̲סг
ߵױǳ⣺סڣ׸㣬ΪѧʿǺԺ׫㲻ýҴĸࡣү˵Ҳĵض
£ڵݴˣľŴͣҲ˵
ʱľԱߵȴһ̱ڼװϡ
ǱߣׯܻڲסͷѾͷĳѪ
ľҪȥȴһѽסľ֣Եཻã񡣡
ˡľȦһ죬˵
˰үͻȻһӵǰ׹۲ʶ̩ɽ˴ܳŴСһɣݺˮ
ҲԸأؿһۣͻȻһźݺϣŽƵ䵽ϡ
ڸȥ׶ЦţСҵŮҲӲġУ㹴Ů棬֪˶ŮӵסļҲһŮ˶ҪΪټˣҲ֪ԼŮΪūΪ˵ζ
ײ˵лǲѪӿ
̧ͷһƽģɰ쵽ٴй񣿡
סЦձӵر˵ǽйٴ͵Υ֮ˣپһֻǹ񣬶Ҫһ̲顣ʿ꣬ʲôˣҲ˽Ϲ
ڣȻ㡣
˵
Ƭ̣ľƶ˵ĻﶼᵽװȻľԼĻֵһߡ
ľ֪ҪδԼµҪ
ױ˳ؽľĻ﷭˷͵򶼶Щﶼûκ⣬û˰
˰鲻ǹܡһ֣ѻתȥУ
ľȻǧлæкƽתȥԱһСڸмһ֣ɿˡ
ž͸òˣϰ廹̱ڵϣ¹Լͼˣȴֲģæͷתȥ
ͼһױӻͳһСڴҲˣŵڻϣ棺򶼶˽һ
ҽԩԩ
Цһ˾ͲȻҳ˽ˣ飬飡
һױӧǰȥһƤĿ֮ӵϡ
Уһף
ȣıɣ壬£
͵һץסڿͷׯܣׯүңɵ֤Ը⡭Ըһ
ׯܾͺһֻβ͵èʱ
һһѻβСӣ׿һͽͷˡ
ӣɥǣַ˽˽ףƨ£үүΪ٣ȻҪץҳӡ
Ѿףڴ֮ͥףΪ˷ڣ϶ὫԼһͳͳɵ˿ǽ³úܡλȨأԼͺһֻϡ
ԴУԾ㣬ŪͶ״Ա
ֵۿһۣ¶ʲôûҽͷǲá
æǶѾϹˡ
ׯһָɾ䣬ص˵ͷҪԸ½ȥ
ׯȴͻȻϰȻ˵ˣɺʶ֣ȵȣС˻Щβû˽ᡣ
˵ţõӽ׵ʮָ
ʲôʱԹĿ࣬ҽһȥ
ﶼʰɾˣʿֿɲϲݡ
ܿ죬ׯܵæӴɨɾˮѪŹ̺ں
ʿϾôԤ˵һҲСȥӡȴˣڱЩСš
ڣ͵͵
ǺԺĴǣ治֪˵Щʲôáεذ˰ͷôã㻹񡣡
ڹһЦ⣬⣡
һһĲˬһЦʧˡ
𺽣ͷȥΪֽվʿ꿪
ܿ죬ڵĹٴֺϾоĿͧ¿˰
вٹԱ˳ص֪УǱѡΪٵģ˳츮ѧѧĴǰӭӡ
˳츮ѧǸʮͷͷţϵȴһ
ԱԱ֮ڲ֪ѧݣһ֪ļɽһӦ츮ԵĸչأɣɵطѧΡ
ְҲͬҪģ徭⡣Ҳ˵ڸ˿İ˹ģĲۡ
˵ҲɣǼξʮĶ׵ڶʮͬʿž̷ڡӦϼͬڡңͰӦϼϵܲ
˵ҲԼˡϾ˿ڵĴʦ
Ĺһ棬Ⱦ۹ȵñԼʲôһĽʿʲôΣȻκְŸΡ
ȻĹںɼݲס״ԪȻڵһ
ôһ֪ݺԼԨԴҲǸˡͯԵԣô࿼У𾴵ľǰӦϼ׽ȴ
һѣȴôظֱΪƽڶгһ뵽Ҫദ£ھ;һɡ滻Ӧϼֱָĸ֣ദֻ²ôס
Ĺһű䵽һߡ
˰죬ŵλˣѾȥһȥɣѾ׼˾ƲȥѧšǣŸ˽ӡ
ôүͷ;ա
Ҳ˲úڣԶԶؾһߣŵѵĹ⿴֡
ȺУһϳڣ㶵վ


371 
ˮǰڲ˵ѾüˣһʹڵĴڲ洬һȥͷ׻ؼҡ
·ϣҲǰգԼǺͿģ˵Ǳ߻·࣬ʹ˹ȥܲһʮգƨûС˸ɣ̼ǸСˣϰҲǺӣû˱֪Ͼأ
ɴϾΣһûͷ
ˮ˵㣬ҲǴеһͷĿǰ˺ҲмӡԼҵĿԼͷɲܴͿ׬Ǯġڵϻ죬͹ϵû͵ÿǮȥ·
ˮʱǸڵӼĺݽɫɻ쵽죬ͷȴֻʮ£ҲСÿͷĳַˮؿûķݶ
˵С̫ƽѾãϾһ̼ƼҽǺƣôܿɴ
ۼŻ첻ȥˣˮˮϵͣ׬ЩǮ
һʮֻŪһ⣬˼ʮӡ󣬿۳Щ켸ӵĳãȴֻʣʮ
ãʮĸסɩֶǳԼµˡ
뵽ˮ¶һ˿Цݡ
ͷڲ͵β㣬ǲȥʮף⣬ƻȥü˸˸ˣͿһһТķ˼ع
һˮͺˮˮˡ
ˮһԼھӣïǸԲڵͯ
ǸТĸˣȴʶ
ˮЦţӲˣôأҲãҸյǮҪȥƣһȼڡ
һ죬ţҾһͯˮɲҪҽȥҿҪЦġ˵ȥˣҪⲻҾˡƾͲˣҪ֮¡
ˮֵʣʥ飬Ķˣһ
û꣬ïߵĸ˾ۣ͡һҪǰˮȡ
ˮһæһߣʲôˣôͺų
ֻǿޣȴ˵ˮһơ
ïŵˮ⸾ǹĻҡͬһ·İɡ
簡Ǹ̲ôˣˮǸ˿ȥȴǴһǵù˵ֻһţҲûкӺˡŮȫТѵԭɩӣôˣ
ʻãһʸ˿޵øˣûˣ
ͷϱ˶࣬һĻΧ֡
ʲôˣôģˮһ
˴ˣˮҪҼ
˴ˣ˭ɵģˮҧݺݵʡ
ͬʶʮ꣬ǰŸԼ˻죬ǸСµģôˡ
Ǳɴġïش˵
һ˵֣ˮʱһ˿ģǰЩһݵˡޣںĻţ֪ôģͿ˶ɵӣΪС檡
ɿϵϾǻ÷ˮ𣬾ӪʮҶĳ¥˲˿ڵĹ
ȻͬΪģɺˮͲһ档
ôģ
ï̾Ϣһ־͹ֹʵڰģǰڶҵĶĳǮͳǧ˴סˡ
ˮŭסˣһҲˣôºоһŭ
ïҡͷû򡣡
ôˮסˡ
ïձ˴סͱ֣˼Ҳӣ˵ˮϣ¾˰ˡȴ룬Լ伱ˣȻץһӾܣܵʱԼ̫żʱûһͷϣôûˡ
¸ˮĿ࣬Ҳá
ã̾Ϣȴù˼ҡ
ï˭˵أǶɲԣȥˣҲõȵˮʵǡ
лҽ
ïϾѣ֮ǮᣬѾż졣ȣˡ˵ˮһ˴Ҿ͹棬ܲܽЩڱס
ˮ¾ҵ飬Ӧõġ
ʹӻͳʮӵݹȥһͣҲܿϺõĹľ
ĻҽӣȻһмҪߡ
ˮʣɩӽʲô㣿
ĻᵽǽˣϾҲûݣȻҪؼͶѡ
ˮһҧǮȫͳݹȥȥ·;ңԶûǮɲףһ⣬ɩ¡
ҲͳһǮҪݹȥ
ˮһסţӻ˰ɡ
˹ӣˮЦŶţ˻治ͦġߣҼҺȾȥɡ
ïҡͷô꣬ȻҲвˣ׶֮أͷƬ꣬ѵˮ飬ȴ֮һٷԡ
ʲôīԾֻˣôϻȥץӡ
ȴҼϵӶ˹ӣǮ𣿡
ˮʶԣڣԼϿνǲһġ˵˳ԾƣֻԼҪˡ
صǣĸסɩӺֶǽϳʲôѽ
һ뵽ĸףˮоһۡ
ïǮݹȥˮҪǮȥ򼸽ף
˭ҪǮˮ۾һбӺɷ򣬻ȱǮʲôˣһȦˮı£Ӿ׬ˡ˵ˣüҪμӦ츮ԺԣķıҪǮиţǽַھӵҲҪմ⡣ߣҿˮֶΡ
õģõģô꣬ҲûУˡ
ˮٲֻӾͳǰߡ
ܿ죬ֻصͷˮߡ
ˮ;סһˮϵĽͷ˵ϳɣûУȽ輸ջ㣬Ϲأ
ҲǸϵˣǰУϾûͷҲŵϺŵģͬˮʶ
ճɵҡͷղɣûС
ôһɣʡ
ճ˾ͽҺҲҵȵùѧѧүӦ츮صүˣ˵ҪһӾĹˡۺͱڻ飬˵ˣҵȿҲѵѪͷд˭дЩʲô˾͵òŶǮ֮ϣءһ죬ŵʮġҪҪҪȫ㡣
˭Ҫģֲֿڡ
ˣˮմݻϾһ·Ͽɿٴˡ˵˽ͺãֻҪһ糣ˣ
ˮ룺ǴǾʹ𺽣ڲŵˮıûУۼ⣬ʲôֻҪҵۣˡݵûһٴʲô˽쵽ˣ
ճ֮ʧ̾Ϣһͷȥ
ԣһˮͻȻڣǲһٴѵ
һֵĸоͷ
˵ŻͿоĿ촬ɿֱӳ嵽ͷ̨ϡ
ɷʿһѪʮָϵˣϰǡþˮߡ
ˮȥ˭


372 ۲ʶ̩ɽ
ôˣˮҲһʱ棬סȥһʿ˹֣̲סʡ
ʲôһʿüëСƤվ֪ͷ˻죬Ҳôһ³׸㣬˷˽Σ˽ףһñоס׵Ҫˡ
˵꣬һ˹
ˮһëʱ˵ܹϴͨأͣ׷ֻҲⲻһŵĴһη壬ڶԷĹ˶
ñһп£Ѱ˳һǣ۵̱ڵˡ
ˮһգ罫Ӷһ㣬ȴΡȻ
ʿúһۼžҪڵء
ˮһãæǰһסЦүʣסôһûͬı񣿡
ʿһ߲ˮҲһҪŭ
Աһͬ϶ͬһƤʲôүİҪ̧ͷˮһȥŵҴʲôסôһôͬҲкθɣ
˵꣬ٲˮͼҪߡ
ͻȻ䣬·ȥͻȻۣˮ͵˵ֳץſͣ¶ض˵ͷ
٣㻹ѹˣôġǸз϶ĳ˿ĭýףǵ˾Ĺˣ˼ҵĴ಻ɾ֪ôԹɡ
û˵꣬һʿͽе϶˵ʲô𣿡
϶ɫ䣬ͷͬһˡ
Ĺˡ˼ҵĴѵˮסˣеɻʱֵİȴһС
Ƭѹͷһֻï̱ڵϡ
ԭСʲôʱʮָϣͷ˸ȥصѪܵĳ棬ʱʹȥ
ţţôˣ
æԱߵĽŷҪһưˮιȥһڣ඼õͷϡ
Σһ˻ǻţ
˶ЦȻǻŵġ
ˮïˮܵģͣǿ£͵ţȻȥɡ
ȴ֪ïʲôطһվǰѧ˵Ӧ츮Ժѧʿȥͷ״ԪʿҪϾصҪӭӣҵҲȥո֡
ʲô߰ģ˵˭ѽˮд𣬾Ĵ⡣
״Ԫ֪ɣ
״Ԫˮһ״Ԫ֪ģǿϵ·ͱˣ˵Ǹ״Ԫ⣬ͣ
ïⰡʿ꣬µĶ˭û֡Ԫһˡʫʣǽһ⾳ͬӣһкǧ
˵Żï۾Ǿ⣬̲ס缱ԳХɳɻءޱľ£ﱯﳣͣಡ̨ѿ޷˪ޣʵͣǾƱ׳գ׳գϣƱţ˵ұţ׳־δįࡣʿ굱дʫʱֵŲ֮ʡǾ仰÷򻧺Ըһʶݡܼһ棬ҾҲģ
ïˮͷҲɢˣЬҲˣ鿺ܡ
ͷ϶ˣ˵Щʲôֳֻʧķ衣
еˣ죬С
У˭ҩǮҿȥһڻͺˡ
ˮҲïЩ£æһʶƻСڳϣţ㻹ǻؼȥɣ
ֻǸͯšïҪʿһ
Ȱ˵ǸˣȴҲš밡ôϴˣͷ϶Ҫ峡ǾүͿ£
ïǲˮˣţ㻹ǻؼȥɡٲߣҪ˹ˡ
ïŵѹö˹˻ʲôϡ
Ų˽Լˡ
ïû೤ʱ䣬죬ʱͷϾܹһȺƻۿʼ峡һ߽˦ɽ죬һ߸ȵˣѧѧү͸صүӭүˣ˴үֱӴ
ԶԶؽ˵ȸϵÿӰӲŰݡ
æµţвִﳯϿȥүĹٴˣ
ˮڰ֮УһСҲһޡתͷϿȥȴһȺСϲоֵģһ㽫һ󴬻ųͷ
ǴȻˮǰģϰ
ˮһͬСɣÿҪԾǻ
еɻԽ˲͵͵ضһֻ¶һ˫۾档
ţһȺŸɫٷĹԱǶϵɺסȡʲôģҫ۾Ҫ
ֹ˺һӣڿˮȥһµϰһµٵͬЦе߹
мԱӭȥѧʿɰأǹ֣к̬ȼ乧
ɰţˮϾرϾĴͷĴٹ˰
ңôһƷĲȻϰȡô˵ڻǾĹˡ
һڹԱǷ׷ǰ̸ͬ˵ЩˮĻһһӦֹ꣬ݵ壬һӺݴȵơ
ٵģٵģһϷϷҿġˮ̲סһҲ֪ԼƤһ˭ϻŪô̳Ϊƭ
ңЩ˵ĻԼȴһҲͺżʱ˵һ
⡭ô°
ܿ죬ˮеĻɾͱˡ
ΪȺ֮пԪص֪ضδˡ
ԪȻǸأȴϾ֪شүÿ¶գһʮ塣
ˮǰȥ֣ǵöδ˵ģ
վߣһĹͺһСһ
һ֪ˮĿѾǴ˵һңЩ˶ھͺǳ𾴡
ľǾĹˣȳɰĹٻ
һ㣬ˮ˶׵Уٶˡ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬̧ΣоӿƵ뿪ͷԺˮŴش鲼ڴվ۾Ҳֱˡ
һ߻еǰţһ૵ǹˣǹˣˮ۲ʶ̩ɽôһԵ
޵ͬɣҲˮһӣ͵ߡֻ˼ҵۣⱲӵĸˡǶɲ˺ܶĻŵı˾ӣͻ÷ˮ˵Ļں˸ƨһŷһɾɿϵҡһߣϾеͷѽΡ
Ҳ֪ʲôͷɰͬ磬ȻǺͺһĹٶʶ񲻱ȶɸ硣
ˮȻŹᡣˮֻԼһǶ⣬е޵ĸо
˺Сˮ㣬㡭
ˮȴǣôʧǵţҲ֪ô˼ңԼڲ͵㶪ˡ
һͻȻЦˮˮûϢӺɷҪͷأòҴɱôѧǶȥʸ֦
ûԹñˡ
뵽ƽԼҵţɩӣˮˡ

ڱӦ츮ص֪غ͸ѧѧˣһ·Ƶȥ˹Ժ
ճ͢ƶȣһӣںͶĸӾҪס
ԺӦ츮ѵľƲҲ˹
ӦӦ츮˳츮һλ磬λ֮£֮ϣƷԱݣȻȥڡ
ڰ¼֮ݼ˸ס
Ϊ̫ߣϰͬĹٴ򽻵ͬںĹٺ˼䣬ֳ˼ƣ͸Ƕȥ
λ߹٣ϯڹԱͬʱҲȻһͨ𻰣ʫʣǾֵҹŸɢȥ
ѾִȵûǺˮ
ڹɢȥѧȥ鷿˵
Ҳûó̺Ƕˡ
һ촬Щƣ룬Ҫ̸Ե飬ֻǿ˾
ȴ룬ݲû˵һڵĻԣںԺ󿼲ϸڡ
ڱɻݸп˵ҲǴͽʿϧûѡݣԺԺǳ档
ںһŨ裬ǿ˵Ҳûʲôǳ͢һƶȡÿط󸮵Ժԣ˳졢Ӧ͸ʡʡڸһεԣӺԺ͸Ժѧʿȥ
Ϊ˹ƽ뿼ԡ
ǰĲгĻᡣ
Եصڽ貿Ժ͡ĿԶȻԼ򵥣Ŀ⣬һʫ⣬ϡֻһһʱ䡣
а˸ľ󳼣о
ֵһ˵ڲţ˵ڶɵϾˡͷȴԺһ˶ȥڱãҲñ֮ࡣ
Դ˽ʿ֮Ҳڿ϶ѹس˼ƪĶԸȥŵ˵ڶҲñССĸе⡣
ʵϸμӵĿ˭κְʵ
μӿԵĹԱжǲԺеĺ֮ʵȨ񣬱ѡȥѾ˵ˡݲɫͽ͢δַõġ
ˡЦЦʵҲ֪׫õڶҲñɵϾģ۹⣬
֣γԣ
һЦƸ׫˵ҲˣҺͰ֪ͬ꣬Ҳ񡣴󿼲ܱ͵ĸƷʵȨɣȴҪԿ۵Ŀ١˭ԸࣿʦȻ˲Ż֮أϧˮ̫һ˱վż˹ˣҲδġǽһأ˲űʦʢûٱ
ŻȻжСͷȴԼ̳ϲһ¶кܶŵ治֪
һûһĺûᡣѡ˭ţѡ˭ҪЩԽ
ܿ죬ȷ׼һʵѧ̹Ӳģһ£˵֮ˡֶ齫Ӷظ˵ģûʲôôǿȡǣǽоˣнʿ˹٣ԹҲǺ洦
˵һϯڹǷ˯˽һȴһ
ֻݴͳһǮƱطߵĲ輸ϡ
һһǧĴƱݴ̿Ʊţڽһؿȡá
һǮƱģ٣һңξһʴþ˵֡
ڱһִŹ˵ˣȫҲǧ꣬ûʣԺٺ»ֵͣÿҲͷѾЩȡôǮ˵ҲǼٻɫʱͱˡ
ݼɫ䣬ȴ⣬ΪҪѧ٣˵̰Ĳ͵⻹ԺԣԡƷľöҪƴ󿼲˾£ΪĲǰʦĴ
ֽ˵չأǵĿһضҪǮԺһһǧӦ츮һأǧԣ򽵸٣Ҳиٵġ
ʣôԺԻ٣
˵һʡ뼸ʮأһǧʵ̫ࡣ׫Ǯֻվˣ͢
ӣ
Ц͢Ҳ֪д˳µľطϣ˽ܿĻ¸棬д˾١
ڴ۽ͬʱҲסҡͷ͢ҲͿģջ¸ɴɹȸԼĹԱлߣš
ͻȻһʺϷ룬һ顣
ȻЦˡ
ʵ̫Ҳû취˵Ե飬ߵʱ˵Ϊڴ˼Ҿ죬סڹԺظеԵʱ򣬿һ⣬Ҫ档
æһ⣬ȴһ㡣
˵õģѾԤ˸סǸ˿˵լӡ
Щϲ˻湻ģһͬȻǳ˳
ڶգݾ˽һȥ˿˵Ժ
Ṇ̀Ͼ֯µģǳĸԺЩ԰֣þˣž¡ӱǽϣȻϲ˵طǺã̫
ЦϲͺãԺˣҲؽһ԰ϡ
ӸǻϲҪãҪãҶҪģЩסߡƽҲϷˣӦûܸ˵ġ
嵣ͻȻЩƳС뾡콫ˡһӴЦɾִˡ
鲻ãӲ֪Լ˵˻ͽ⳶һߡ
˵Ҳɣǰֻأү㲻ȥ
˵̾Ϣһүס꣬ȻǶӡɻ룬ǲǵļҰүɴǿһȥҲ
˵ǰڸȥʱΣԼԹĿ࣬ȦˣۼžҪ
һʹæסְο˰죬Ƚøˣ˵ãû£ҾŶȥүʱͷܶĵط
ӻӣֻѾˡ
ʵҲԣڸҲϾһУְλҲ͡ңϾԺԱҲúܡ
ԣҲһĺԺ
ںͶ뿪ȥĴʱͽԺˣվԺǽŰ壬ǾԭļͻȻЩˡ
ǿİĵطЩĸ׵Ļţضźӡ
ӴԼǶˣˣȥ֮ղ˵Ҳҵļ䰡ȥ뵽ЩɺҪ뿪
ͻȻһֻϣⲻɵʲôʱϾˣһΪأ
ͷȥȴһ滹һ˺ͯ


373 ͬѧ
˴Լʮͷú٣ܶϧ촽̫ԵЩ̱Ǵ˿̵ϻһ˿̵Цݡ
ǣֻЩϤһʱȴ벻֡ϾѾںϣǰڵļѾ𲽱ִ滻в¶صɫˡ
˭أǰͬйʲô
һʱЩʧʶץץԼԴִɵĻϰߣ䵽УԵЩɡ
ټһãΪڵɵûкá
ʱЦȻɵġŤͷŮӣˣı֡
֡ڿһŮӣи֣Լʲôʱйôһˣôȴǵá
ŮӺһͣԵúСҺڣ̸ʲôɫһĿ
ɷ򺰣һܾӡ
ǰ΢΢һϼڸڸɺáŲΪʡ
ãõúܣôˣ㲻Ҫ𣬽տˣԸˣ
һ˵ʲôԸԸģڸݣ֮䣬Ҫ߶˵ġ
߶˵ŭһٽţתͷݺݶڣɵӣǼͬҪҼҾۻᡣ˵ҲͬѧһҶأȴܲ˵׾һҲлҪ˵ˡ
п˶һۣЦԭǶСѾͷҲģԸɵô꣬ӶˡӦѾɵӵ˰ɣ˵Ҳҵˡһɡ
˵񣬶Դӵĸ֮Ӻ˳ࡣ̬˶ӣʱ˶ӵıƢʱŭ˭ѽҼүǰ˵
ֻЦҲ˵ʲôŤͷߡ
СҲæ׷ȥڲסҡͷػĪ
ˣæһڸϡܲǧ衣
˵껰תȥ׷ɷ
ʧڽֿڣյʲôѽûͷûԵģͺݣ
ҲˣͺүɵӣɶүΪ°գϡǿˣϼҲˣǻȥɡ
ãذɡ
һڽ챾ǳɢģҲû˺ͳԵ
úõ֣֮ܰȴôһǻ顣
ԽԽ𣬶ʱû˵˼ͷǰš
˰죬ߵĶͻȻһ
ʣôˣ
ӣˣүʲôˣ̲סЦ
òһЦ֦Ҳһķϡ
ڱЦͷˮʣЦʲô𣿡
ЦýȥڰˤŶӣｫСһﱧ˹
ӽһ仰ŵڲ㽫ɿ
ղŮȷʵүݡˣϷҲǿ̲ҲϾϣղǸԶá꣬Ϸ˻ϼ޸㣬ϼأ
ɣڴ󾪣⣬ⲻǴ˵еĳ
ؿڣһڳãϷӻʵ̫²ŴͷտģӦûӵġû޵ңүҪˡ
Ȩҵıðɡûӣôó
һЦȻܿģŮ˵飬үôסˣ˵ղǸջƵҼˣлƶǰңҼһģղû˵ٻȷʵͬ
ڱ˵ͿˣǰΪӲãһֱûϹѧʲôʱôͬţ
˵һڻȻ
ԭΪʱԴͿ˳֮ΪɵӣͲǶϡ
ڸ׾ôһӣĿһϹ˵ˣʿȴֲʶһȥҲ޹⡣
ʱΪΪСۣһ飬ʶˣͻָˡ
ȥһԺɾͶ²ȴ˻˰ҹʵû취̣ܰɡ
ʱڸײʶɵҲ;ˡ
Уڵһͬѧ
ڱ˻ؼ֮󣬻Σоƶ
ʱڵĸ׻ְ˻ͬӦ꣬Աֺˡ
ڵĸϣҲˣЩͬѧȻ
꣬̾Ϣһԭˡ
ӣүϻƼ㻹ȥ𣿡
ڣȥʲôͬѧ𣿡ǵģͬѧᡣ
ΪүӦȥ


374 ˵
ΪʲôҪȥüͷղǻƶǰǸɵڣֹ٬жϷŪƫƫͬѧһݣ÷
ˣܲӴͲӴﻹţԼԼҲĵĵ
Ӧ츮ԺԻ죬֮󣬴͸֣ðպʿһδĴķ緶
ڼ䣬ͬ½ӳԻؾƣͬطϵĹԱǼʶһ¡֮ǰͨվ½ͨţ˵ҪϾȴû˵ڡһûˣЩء½ˬŮħͷЩͷ
Щ֮󣬻ͬϾطϵʿ̸̸Ӧִ˵ǵطͬ󿼹ټ棬ԡ
һУڽͬ˼ʱѾһճ̱ˣŵģﻹȥƶ˵Щ̲ĻŪԼҲʹ죿
һһתЦЦүѵͲȥǧģйŮ鳤ױ𣿡
һڵЦ黹Щ嵵ơν߳࣬īߺڣŮǰھǵʱҪһ棬ദǢƶҲӰ졣
ڴŭʲôǧģ˵ʲôͻȻıãҲãֺݵģҲǸˡҽҲǵһμţǰȫͲ֪ô顣
ģһμ氡ǲҼ
ôһţŮôῴ˵ұҲˡھ§ӣĶӣŮˣЩá
ӽһˣÿˡ𣬶ӿأ
øûˣҲΡ
ЦЦŲˡ
ͻȻɫүҿ컹ȥƶһˡ
ڣ治ȥȥҲû˼ȴ֪һȻӺ˳࣬ȴǸ֮ˡΪԼüأϲ³һںŮ˵Щġ
ƽҲԾȥֵطӦꡣ
ȻС㣬ȴһ̬ȣ𾴡ҪΪ嵱ڵޣְңСҲǳá
ͻȻ̾ϢһүǻϿĸ˼Ψһݰ
ףǹŴѪԵ顣ΪһƷԱҲΪݡ漰⽨ƣá
ֵүղűǻƶɵɵӵĺͷϣҲûע⿴ԱȴġǻȻͷ˵ϱȥĿȴȫǰ󣬺еӡ
УһȴҲ벻ղԼ˵ʱ飬ӦһʵֵŮӣճ˶ͷ
̾ϢһүλȨأǰʱҲͿȴˣⶼǱùҲʮ˰ɣѰ˼ҵĸˣͺӶһˣȴûһаŮ
ǰ̫үʱҵڣƼҿ϶˵ЩʲôҲô̫үȥˣڻƼȻûκελԡŪãпܱ˼ҸϳȥүǻΨһˣҲֻ
һϯ͸ֵȻⲻĲ²⣬ģȻòȷд£úԺѧʿıãȻҸϳţ˳ȥүδ棿
ңҵݣôܹ۸
üͷ룺Ū˵ҪϾȥᣬұã˳һ£྿ô¡Ȼã棬ƼȻҪҪ
ڵļлǸĸ׵ЦòлһƬܰĸ׼ҾôһݣȻҪϵġ
ңΪһƵ٣ҲбҪͬǰͬѧǼһ棬һӦ츮Ρ
ڵͬѧͬһʮͷ㣬Ӧöûй͸ղǸƶϵ·ҲûһûйĶ˵ļ磬Ŀ϶ҲûйЩ˴ԼҪμӱԺԵġͬ˵˵Ҳ˽طĺûᡣ
˿治ܰݣԹ֪ˣһӵڼͬύлͨؽڵɡ
˵ˣݣڳһټӸ˭ѽⲻڵĵ¹ۺΪϰߡ
صסͿһ񵥹˵ǵطǰݷãΪүڣͷˡ
ڽӹһһüһ󷽰ʲôϣŹ䱦ʲôĶУֱǮƱ
ǿʼջиҪ̸ͬʱⲻҪղá
֮󣬱¼ȡǻҪʦлʦһƺüܿ
ЩǺϷģĹˣԷˡ
ԼڲμӻǰξͬԼ˵ҪԼһĻ
Щпҩӻʵ۶Ĳ


375 ˵ʦү˹ؽ
ɴ˿ԿڻʵĿеĵλ
ξΪƫʱϡһһˣȴǺ顣
ϾԺԣȻǻʵ۵ļ衣
Ϊ˶ĿڼǵѡοٵĴ󿼲Ժ󣬱ĿĵʥּµطȥˡȴһֱûӵϢһУִ䡷ĲΪѾˡɵٶ뿪ֱ֮Ҫһ죬֪ԼԲ䴬ͨݵˣڽʰʹæŶӺ¡
ǻʵ۵۷ʵ֮ȵΪѾѡȴͻȻɵϾһһˮĵطľʹĻ֮¡Ҳ˵ҲؽڣһСĻ˵ʵͷǰڰ
ȻԺԲһС£ʵ˼ƵģǶڵĳֻ͡ҪܰǼ£ٺܾս¡
ǹؼúˣȻܵõʵΣáòˣ㲻ǰֶҪȥ
ξʵۿɲһöԸˡ
һеϵЩţھһףԼȷʵ̫˽⡣ǰҲڵӾ￴磬Ҫ붽ٺܶصһ̸ף
Ƿ񵥿˰죬鷿˰죬ã͹棺үʱѾˡ˵үҪȥݣ֪Ҫ׼Щʲô
̫ţˣҪ̫ãһЩճõŵĶ
ǣүղŶӷҲ˵ˣʱߵôæҲûʲôڸղʿѡ
ڵͷӹܼңɡ͹ȥЩˡ
ǣүȥ׼
ãһӶҪɢˣƶҲԶȥͱȥˣڼӡϾǶǽӦ츮ŵˣΰõúܡرڳǣǴٹ˵լӣ·ʰȡţҹջҲΪûʲôõĵġ
ǣүģȻС̺áһǿϾ¶һ˿ЦݡŮӲãпܲϲͽһǻȰ䵽ڶϣƽһСӣ̲סЦ
ȻݣҲʲôųһ¡
Ҳͬһɽ·Ͼ֯ʽѶǸھķǣ߹еŮٴõģǴ󷽵壬ҲûʲôʽеְҵװʱװҲϹϵȻԵͨЩ
һССİԼҲһ߼Ǹڱ׼
һЦûѰôô㶫ǲǺЩ
ӣȥϸţõŵģѡүһô꣬ͻȻϲ޲ˣһ;ò
ںͶӶǽԲˣҲôڽţͺһͨ۵һգϽɢɢ˵˵
оĺܲζ
ƶҵĵַҲǺƾǰļ䣬˴ģ֮Ҳ֣вСʱܵ
һƬڳǷڣϦȾ磬ֵǴϢȺг
ʱ򣬾ںڣڣף㡣
ںͶӻͷȥͿһʮ
ҲһͨˣǳͨţҲе˼ҡ
˭Ӧһ
Ц⹰˹֣޹˼㻹ˣ꣬Ҳʮһģѧһ飬Ǹƶ˵ϾˣȻˡ
ڹ˹֣ԭǸ֣˼̫ã治ǵˣҲȥּң
ȻǵġЦ˵ǻмվӦ츮ԺǰһͬμӽĿƾ١ԺԲ˵оеģʮͬЩ꣬ȻһҲвˡվһ𣬳ҪĻᣬҪǻƶֵĸ״˸ȥݷ˽ʦү˵ǵ˹ؽڡͬѧһȻҪ໥ЯЯһռճ⡣
˹ؽڣ԰ɣʦɶǴӾɵĹԱƾٹϵλطϻͨؽڣһͷ¶ǵԼʲôʱƶĸף׶ͣǹ֪ͨ˹ؽڣ
꣬С㣬ϸȥˡٺһЦڣҲ˵ŻָָԼԴڣˣǲǻЩͿ
ôŭҪԺǳ⣬һŵʻǰͿƶ


376 
ƶûпڣֻͷЦ֣һûˣ
ǰæԺһֱڼж飬׼ӦԺԡϹϣѾûˡǽ˵˸Ļᣬš
дһ˿άȵشŻƶ˵֣⳵ƥΪ񿥡ңڳ֮пɲʲô˶ܲġ
ͷӲϣ棬ܹһȴݺ͵λԭͲһƥֵơԵֶ࣬ʳֵ󺺡ңǹιЩݾͿԵġ
ÿٶ󶹡ͣҪʱ貹䶯ﵰסһʮ˵֧
ңؼңӶרŵչˡҪǣÿջһܣ˲Ųڽ
ˣܹһƥ൱ִӵһ˹˹ɯ٣˳ȥ𰰣벻עĿѡ
ԣھǵƷԱУҲвû⣬ȫӡ
ƶĹά΢΢Щ⣬۽ǿһۣװһνӣһͨѣᣬΪ˷ֱͬܶŽġ
ֱܶǺܣܶŵܲںݣɺһһϾˣϾһۡ
Ӵ־Ȼʶֱŵˣ㵵Ŵ졣
ƶϵĵβסˣ⵭СֱͬЩ飬֪ģĴ˵õܡĴ⼸õϾܶ˳ӭӡ⳵òϣСܾͽʹʹ
ģǲ޺ģϾˣüͷһ壬ĿǸ˵
˸Ʒ˵ְλʵȴԵϯĻţҡǰϾһž͸˹
Ҫ֪ϵпνǸʽּ¶ٶϾ£ĸѵҲΪ£
£̲סһ
ƶ׼ȷؽгĵֺţһһмŽĿ䵽ϣɵӣ·ģ
һʣеɸСͷܹģôҲЩҲͬѧᣬ˼ԼصͬԳ˳ȥ⡣˶ιģְѵΣ治
Ȼͬһ
ƶеӣһЦɵӺͿҵҲˣҲ㲻öˣͬѧһСҲЩϲڣѵûƶӣǾϳȥɣҲһܶĳݡ
ڻû˵ƶϾʹŲͷʲô£ǰ滹мͬҪأ£ϳ߰ɡ

ڳЦЦϳȥɣϲ·
˰죬վ˳
ﳤȥһɲǣھƶԴ𱸵Ը˵֣ǸɵʲôǶ˲μӿƾ٣Ҫ˵ģ㲻٣ҲҪڳ߶ύҲѡ񡭡ܹҪԼǡѰֱ֮ˡҲ롭
ֽѵǡϾͬѧ
ŵߵԶˡ
ˣü
֮ǰѾ˽ƶļҾյͬѧϾҲһ˼ңƶĸǰ˳츮죬ʶˡƶҲһͨˣƾԿԲ󡣹ţҲıСְλ
ˣһΪ˴Щ١
ֶĽôͬѧݣȻô
Ҳ⣬κôһЩ˻ñʵԴˣҲ˵Щʲô
Ŀǰ˵ԻƶνݣҲЩмЩ̸ᷳ
ͲһɵЯŶڽ˶ʮģ͵˻ƶҡ
ƶҲҲһԺӡشϾڳĵضΣصؼ۲ͣƶ˳츮ŵʱӦ˲ٺôġ
ԺӣԼ֮󣬺ܿ죬иѾϲؽӽӵԺס˵߶˵ҵıҪūţ˵ֻҪɩһͽӵȥ档
Ѿ߿ڿ죬ֵүͬۻᣬѧͬѧвٴ˼Ҿ죬ںԺһ˵˵
ߺھһ˵Ĵȥ˴á
ò˵ƼҵլӿȻ󣬵ȴñжҲΪʮ棬ԵЩա
յļ䷺ͷʮ˶ʱͬܶڶδˣȻţȻֶ벻
Щͬѧǳˣպͯģ̸ң۽ƵӦ츮ԺԣһԵ緢
Ѿ˾ʳ˶߾Ɑӣš
ԥǷǰסԼ֣Ҵк
ͻȻ䣬һԵùºסڣڣڣôûˣΪĴȥˣȴϾ
˵žڹ֣ϵĻϲԵ÷ǳϡ
ǰǻƶǸڣǡɵӣɵӡغŪڶЩϰˡʱͻȻ˺֣һʱز
֣֣ˡïˡѧݵǸïסڡ
ڶȥϴãһʵ޲ۣϴɫˣӺϲĲԵ÷ǳࡣݣϴһɶе
˴ûŶװǼýûлϴ·
һݣһ
ٿͬѧȥȴУ԰
ںïԵ̲ס߿һۣȻؽͷתһߡ
ڱïŪЩܲסֻùֻ񣺡ԭ֣겻ˣɺã
ûï˵Ա߾һͬѧһЦȻã˵ϾпСģ«Ҳ
žһͨЦ˾еľҺ˳
Щ⣬ïǵͨ죬ڵֵ֣һЦǰԺԵʱмĿüѾʮ꺮ȴõزз߿֮ġǡһԡΪ⣬Ҿһʱ嶯ҵбȵʱһôдġΪ׼ҮΪڼҮΪڲ֮ҮٴҲֱӣ֡«
Ҳ嶯˸«š
Ҳ̲ס΢΢һЦֵˡ
ï⻹û꣬ڶԱкдΪҮΪĸҮΪĸ֮Үٴ˵򵥣֡˼
ڶʱˣ̲סЦǸˡˣïڶ㣬˵Щķɣ⣩


377 Ե
ïס֣ͱЦҰٲ£ȴѾˡ
һӣʮǰѧõͬѧ
ܿ죬˶Ѿ롣
һƶ͸ԼͬѧȻ˽˶վ
ˣˡƶ˫ֳ°˰һ΢ЦٲȻȺ˵Ծӣղȴ˼ͬʴ˵顣ȷȸΪ񡣡
˵ͺܺˬȻһкá
ƣƶڣɵҲˣҪٵء
⻰һ˵ڣЦһľȻĶǰͬΪҾͬŶˣȴֳŵȡ
ʱ򣬼Ҿõģڳ˵ϻģƶȥӡԼӹ
ʵκⲻ˵ģִᡣʱҶѧȵҵˣǰѧУɼΣǷǸҪֻҵΣ˵⡣ǰִ飬Щп
ҲΪˣòͬѧŻƶһͨںïһһӺ档
ڽһݣţǴӲ˽һʿֶȻͬûйȴҲ̽һЩ
ڹŴ˿Уƾٺ͹ٳĻ⣬˼ƣ˸Ŀˡ
Ҳ˵ĬĬžƣš
˰죬ȴ΢ЩʧıϾͨĶˣǿҲʲôõϢïȻǶúˣ֮󣬾͹ųԷҲ˵Щġ
Լïʵѿ˶ĵؿҲ˰ۡ
˵˰컰֮ͬ໥ƣȻɵӺïȻû˴
ȸ֮󣬴˵Ҳؾ̸ԼҲǰһѧãѾЩͷûм档
е˻ڿ̿飬ڿƾٳɱһѪ·Ϊȣһ£һϰΣͷ
˵ԼĳĳĻžү룬Ƿ⣬ÿ¶вٺóá
˵ԼھӪ⣬Ǯ׬˲٣ҲȢķС檣ӹʡǼһֱԼŪҲùҫ鹡
˶ŵ˵ܿ죬ⳡۻͱ˱ұ
ҳɵѧö꣬еѾܾû档еΪҾԣڳߣƽߵҲڡγһСȦӣںïһɵһᶡͿκǰ̿ԣҲͬ˵
УںïͱյͬԵˡ
΢΢һЦôôϤôôִͬѧᰡȥûκθı䡣
˵ңͬһͬïԵ̫׶ʵ޿̣һѣ֣ˡ˵˵⼸Σ˵ҷӺ͵ضˣɣ
ʻãïĿͣȦһ죺ĸһҪï߿ƾ·Щ꣬ҽѧö飬ǱҳѧΪ˴ѧʣеʮĶˮﶼˣһҲӴ˳ȥȴҲûϣ˫׵ΡʵҸûҪʲôԼҵıԼ֪ҲǸͨˣʶ֣ľͿˡһΣУ϶в˵ġ꿴ܲѰʷ֮ĻӺɷȴüŰкĿؼ䡣
ͬѧһЦĽʿˣ֪ԼĿϣû١װ׵ô꣬ϧˡ˵еˣСմȴҲڡ
˵ţڿĿ⿴һۡ
Ҳ⣬ȥïһ㲣۶ʧã
ڰԵͷʮָг̣е˶鲻ɣӲҪȥԣҲǰ׷ѹ򣬿ҿƾٳϵľ˲ǿž̷ڡʱ־ӢеľӢ۵սһȥҲڻҡ˵ˣʣħ뿿ٷƸıȴǳףҲͨ˵ı
潫һӴ˽ȥʶ֮Ҹʵְҵû׼һ컯ν·
ïģѾЩˣҲǸ岻ڣȲֵġȥҸӪҲѡ
ղ̸ͬ˼仰ԴкøСܵ˵ƷǷǳġ
˵ï֣Ҿסھ˲ԶĵطҸַҪҡͬѧһȻҪڱĲҿڣԼӣкïѰŷĹÿǿԱ֤ġ
ïмؿһۣ֣л֡
ղǸ˵ͬѧһïһɵ˵ķ軰Ҳţ˵һƶ˵˵취ܹ࣬ޡ
һЩƶһЦ


378 ҲԵ
ԭڱϾǻƶԶݡǰڵĸ׻ʱ򣬻ƶҫԼһ͢Աݡ
ϧڵĸڷҵҲˡƶԼǰҫǳˣʹڱǰһ硣ˣȴòģǰļҲͷú޵·ԼǰֵЦڵһ
ڵĻƶ̲סЦԼڣɵӣ㻹ɵ˵ʣ˵Ҳ󡣲˵㣬㸸ʱ򣬻ܰïһѣôҲǱСʲôΣһʱһʱһжˣҲֻïִĻɵӣҲͶԵˡ
ͬѧ̲סЦҲЩ
аգڹ˻ô˵ԼȥĸҲǻƶ̸Ȼ˵
ʱïϵĴˣվƶһ֣˵ִԲӣΪСڱһȥѾõĳ׳ʥֵ֮Ǹ
ïһ֮ͬһȴһ˵ȴоݡ
˶ƶһǵͨ죬аïᶡӽҲǿյͬϵϣģȴ˲¡
ҪƿڴͬѧЩΣ˽ïȰïڣͬѧһαֵˡ
ˣǽǾΪʼԺԵ𣬱ΪһЩССĿڽǵˣ˵Ҫ
ԶԶԣƶ常ȥү𣬿ɵʲôϢ˵
ϵҵĹܲģʱͬʱȰïڣϰ죬Żָ
ѻ𣬱ɱͬѧһһȰ⣬岻졣ïҲˣϣһͨ죬ֻ౿׾صƶ⻰˵òԣҪǸ
ƶïһͨǳ⣬ʧҲŭ棬һЦҸǰҲӦ츮µģЩӡվͬطϵȥݼƵĴʦʿˡҲǼҸڵطЩүͬҸ˵˼仰;ͶԵ
Ȼͬʦ˵ϻˣҲ֪ʿ˭δ
˶ͣʲôòʲôƢ
Ȱںï
ɶõϢһٵƢԸϲʲôˣοҲ˼ݰա
ïʲôǲޣͷ˵ĹˣȻ̲סϸ
Ҳ֣Ͼ֮˸ص֪ءټһ棬ʲôʱӴطˣƶĸʲôʱݼԼ̸
Ҳ˲Ϸ
ƶ˵ڣʿꡭ
˵ƶһڡڲ
һָڣﲻһⲻ𣿡
ڵǡ
˶Цҡͷ
еŶӣᶼˡ
סڣͬѧһôЦ˵𣿡ï޺޵ؽһͬͬյ˶ˣǸĸģʲôֵЦģ
ʱżԼʿǺĴġ
ïάԼЩůǰѧʱͬѧ˯̵ֵܣϢ㡣ֵָ̳ܣָҿֵ
һʱ˷ŭסïˣ֡
ƶҲԼղŵһŪЦˣ˵ҲɣϴҲڣֻڲǱڡ˵ļ˳츮ɵȴӦ츮ˡУʿԪĹһˣ˵ԼѮø࣬ơ˵˹ȴɡѧ壬ϲն¸£ӵʱ򣬿ۡ
ƶҲ֪Լȥݼ˵ʱ򣬸ͼ档˼ʲôݣԺѧʿ¿״ԪȴͨʿܼŵġȥڵʱֱӾͱ˼ҵŷסˣ˵˵һŰŲŽ͵
ɵôͬѧ棬ƶȴʧӣȻҪһסſں˵
ȻָԼĲ²⣬ʮĿұ
˾񣬽䣬ָճ˾ˮϼ¼ţԱ䣬ïҲ촽ȶĬĬС
кЦһûýԺԸóʲôĿôЩһͿʼˡ
ҪЦï֣ˣؼһƪ±¡
εһ̯֣ïȻ֪ʲô˼̾ϢһҵּԲãδˣҳĿ¼ϡ
˵ţɷ˵ȥʻƼҪֽʡ
ͬѧ˶ʻƶҪķıһҡ
ھЩģûгԷôһƲˣԼͶ˿ӳԵˬ汻˵ϵĳӾǱȱĺãȻȲ֦ȴΪˬ
˰죬ȵӳԲǱѾæꡣ
˶׷ƶлƶ涼ǹʡ
˿ʼ̽£Ŀֽġ
ƶЦհհգλͬȻǺõġɽľۻ٣ô£Ҷһһֵ̽ʧ̫ʱҲ˱Ƹʫ֡
ϾǴ󿼣Ҳû˼ʫʣ˵˹ʱĵҪ˵֮УֵʫãҵȾͲ׳ˡ
ǰ˶˵
ƶڴǰҫοϷŹᡣɫȻԲӡûУʿʲôҿƵĻԣܷŹҪʫ϶Ӯ
˶һĲ⣬ƾƾǰ˹ʱģʫʲô£

ԺԵˣլһܵų⡣
ڽ˻Ƽ֮ܿͱһ쵽ԺƮƮ˵һ䣺ȥͨһ£Ϸ˼㣬ȺŰɡˡ
˰ΣǳͷʲôݣȻûھڱʱĶǲԺǵļҾ죬Ƿ˾ǰˣʹӺԣ˵ϻݵҲǷǳȡ
ټ϶Ҳû뵽ôһС͸Լǰ˦ӣʱҪ
ʱһСѾηηؽͷ̽˶ӣǷҵıɩ˵ˣҿЩ㡣
ԭǻϵѾߣ˶˵ˣȻЩ£±Լ˵ĻüȴһβסȺ͸ˡ
Ѿͷ˻ϵķ䡣
ϻǸģӣһɩӣεˣ£֪ڱ磬ô겻ΪѾˣȴֻϾҲ֪ɩǷ񰲺á
Ȼ֣ȴǸĳˡڻƼЩӶȻò˳һѷסүҹûɣ˵үҲôݣίȻ
һø죬Ҫ˵һѾߺˣϷ˵ˣүͬۻᣬв˴˼ҾǻƼҿɲ˼ҸдˣѾãȥͬҼ档
˵ǳ
ǣ͹ȥԵشŻţæᣬǸضԶ˵ɩӣǹȥɡûϷ˰ɣʶʶ
ż򣬿ͬ־ӣ촽˰ɫ
ͷջ룺ûˣûãڷȻҪܾ衣۸ҲÿˣүĸΨһݣڸЦˣ
µͷãҾȥƶĸס
ֱӣŻϽһྻĻ
˻ͿһŴԲ˺üˣУͷɫΣû۾
ΪһֵϷˣٵҲһϣһԵӦþǻƶĸ׻Ϸˡ
ϷһʮŮӣƤҲ׾°̫⣬׶һǸ֮ˡӺܴа˾ŸУӦþǻƶС檣Ҳ֪ʲô֡
ϣϷ˺һϣôǰҲüӣĿɶүͬķˣ˳ȥү飿
ǰ̫ˣرϷǰǲáƶСֻظ
Ϸ˰ؿСһۣ㲻ҪӵˣǻƼҿȫָأеˣǻƼô꣬ȴһ㶯ҲûУµļã
Ȧһ죬ˮЩⲻˣҪ𣬹ʶ٣ˡ
˻Ϸ˺͹ˣƶǻƶͬѧӡ漰Ƽҵļ£Ȼ˵ʲôͬʱ˰ͷ
ˣҲǻϷˣһѽԼӵԱߵļϣڵϣŻϷ˺͹
Ϸ˼Ҫ˼еΣæ˾Ʊ˵˰컰Ҫϯϵ
Ϸ˺͹ȴٲӻϣֻͬ˵н䵽һߡ


379 ⺷
˵ˮһͻȻЦˮˮûϢӺɷҪͷأòҴɱôѧǶȥʸ֦
ûԹñˡ
뵽ƽԼҵţɩӣˮˡ
š֨һˣ¶ŰСȴԼֶӡˮͻȻϲ˳һʵϣУ̣ˣˡ
壬ɴ˳ʳ
壬Ҷ
ܺӾȥˮڴҷͷɢˡ
˰죬ȴʲôҲûš
ʱͬ壬ǿЦˣó
ˮؼʱǴЩǹʳʲôģϲͬСһ￪Ц˳ʳصأҪȺԼȥҡȻһЦͣ
ˮһ죬ȴѹԹԶˣûãû
ɣɣ壬Ƕӷ˰죬һǹҲûˣСһ񣬴ſ
ʱɩæСȥô죬ôŻÿ춼߶ڴˡ
ˮ󾪣ԲۼʣôˣɺЩ
ɩӣԼ첡᲻𾢣ղھҪպˣ˯Ӧûʲô󰭡ҽ˵ٳҩֻ°˼ꡣ˵ŻȦͺˡ
ԹԹȴĸˡ
ˮ䣬ĸѾ͹ڵϣֻסͷ
ⲻФӣҲ֪ȫСҪˡˮȾͳȥĶƽվ˵ҪͷأҪô󸻹󣬺øԶûôͲ֪ʵ£ʵˡ
ˮθãֻסͷ
һòҶӺһЩûûζз㣬ҹʱѹֶСĿ޺ԼԽ
ҲڷӸô
ѾãٳȥͣڽϻȻǲʵģȽﰲٺ˵
ڵڶգ˵ˮ¾˾˵ҪˮϴԾˣӡ
ˮһҶ±⣬͵ԾƿԣͲˣɩӣͽȥĸ׷䡣
ֶ⣬۾ˣƵģˮĸ׵ϲЩЦݡ
ùɲˣʮƤԺԾ˵̸ͬʱ̾ҡͷ˵ԴùؿԺˮ½öϣӲùˡ
һʹЩƤԵЩͻȻ̾һ˵˾ƻҲʱ˲ϣ뵱꣬ԪﵱʱΪм°úˣʶ˵ҪЯҡϴҪȥˮ֪ԸԸĳ棬һȥϧӾ᲻ϾضȥɳӡҲܵøͷһˡȴ룬һߣ¹٣һϽһǰˣ˹ˣ͵ץסһûйⱲӻܷ𣿡
˶Ц˵ˣ˵˵£˭ϡ
ϣ䵽ˮȴǱһζ˵һۿԺĹ˶ˣϧ
ҡҡͷе˦һߣˣ·ӣ
ûС˶ҡͷ
һȴиӣڶɵĶĳȴôˣôҲһعЩӻ
ǴЦ˵ʲôأԼԹ˼ҡ˵ôǵģȥӣ̫
ˮ⵹ǸӡһĸײŪЩǮֻ²ãεƴһƴ
ˮ磬Ҫȥ
ôңȥҶɡ˵Ц±ӣ˰ѽ⵶ȥѰɻ
ɲƴˮһС죬ζù˼ҡ
ˮոǿճһ¥һ֣ͨ˾Ȼס̵ʮ֡¾˶ɣʹŴɱ
ðװ֣촩һͬһ̡գˮ⺷ʱˣˮʲôǰιԼײɲҵ¡ҪӣֻҪǮȻӭ֣ǮҲǺǵġ
ˮһЦͳ⵶ʸ֦ˣ֡ԵƬһȴǻңҰ׵Ӽ죬Ҳֵ
ӣɫףʲô
ʲôˮȻ£ȴҲǸˡǰҹ㳡ﵷңǵĲԣˮ񡣡
ô𣿡
ĳʧ⣬ϧö쵱ˣҲûǮ㡣Ҷǽ֣ûǮҾͽ͸㡣˵ŻˮصӴ̽Լ첲Ȼ󳶳ٴôһ·ȥֱΪֹ
Ѫ䣬ѪģʱͽŮŵüвֹ
ɳױУˣˡ
үɻ⡣ˮбǴаЦ
ɻҲˣ˳ˮؼңٰʮӸˮ񡣡
ããԼŻȥӣˮһЦ󲽳ȥһһүһΪǸʲô˵ҲˣȴһӵֵҲﵨʡ˵÷ܶŷܶһһһΣ
Ժвʶˮģвµ˺һˮ䣡
ˮ湰˹֣С˼
ˮ뿪ɫȥ˰죬һĸȥܶ÷ٷӹȥ˵ѰͷˮӺô꣬οϳֿʲȥ򣬽˭ϾնģУˮɩȻû۾ҲøץˣֱͽεҤǧ
һղˮϱѪһľޱߺ⣺ڣˮ㻹ǵͷСѣڿõĶɡ뵱һûҵʱ˿û۸ҡ죬ȫ̱ʱˡ
漰ûʱӣʱҲǸС죬ΪС˳Ц۸꣬Ϊֱܶ÷ˮ
ƶ࣬һԸյʵ⾰쳣СˮؽˣȴǴۡ
ʱɱģܶȺүɶսѪģҪһͨ˵۾գһ¡
ˮȴ֪ԼΣյУߵʱڼԺﳶһӣˡȥһ뵽ĸҩ
ֽ׸װµֹףأĴָ˵ˮúҲ
ȻһͨԾƣת˲ǶʮӾͻ˸ɾ


380 
˵Ժƶʫ
ƶڴǰҫοϷŹᡣɫȻԲӡûУʿʲôҿƵĻԣܷŹҪʫ϶Ӯ
˶һĲ⣬ƾƾǰ˹ʱģʫʲô£
̲סѯʡ
ƶĦ촽ճĺЦλԼʿϴǸʲôˡ
ʲô̳ʦԪĵһˣԺѧʿ˶һĽһʱ֮̾
ԼСʱͬѧôޣڸоֵֹġ
˵öԣȴҲȫ˫ѹôҰƶɸλͬԼһ㣬û״Ԫ֮ǰʿѾʿֵ䣬һλģڼξʮʱСʮʫʱԡҲǴʱʼڲһٵ춨Լ̳ĵλ
ǰ˶ȻӦ
˼ڵʫ䣺ɻƺӱ̫ѩɽգգӴ֮
ʵʿõһǻһסһ˳ԷȻÿôŽࣺٱ£Ӱˡ
һʱ䣬𡣶ЩƣͰѳֲסκ
ߣïСֹʵʿõʫӦ£ȥ꣬ǧ飬˭˵ǺðǷ˼飬˿˿࣬УȴѲˡ
˵һڻ۾ȴе⡣
ƶʵЦΪȴȳ˶һУϲԼʫ䡣
ȴ֣ԼϮЩʫҲһʱ䡣ŴϢٶȼôͱϵĶ˹Ϊ֪ˡ
̲סʣ֣ʿҲ֪ʿʫʣ
ïͷҲô֪ġǰʱʿ겻дһʯͷǡȻоŮ֮£ȴǼõģϾǣⱾС˵Ҳûд꣬ʿʿһҲⱾ鵱£ддͣͣϵ̾ڱţһ¸壬촬ͻϾӡɲӡҲǸʱʫʾšʯͷǡĸһϷˡ
ŻȻԣһʱڣΪ˶ԸξʵۣѾ¥Ρˣǽβʵ̫ٵüξ˼죬Ϊд÷ˡҪôдҪôдңβ
Ϊˣһʮʣüξ
΢ЦſǰһУƶԼӪաȴҼ˰죬ŵ˵ΪʿǸʿֳʫʣĲɳڵľƫáǣ˹ʱй̶ĸʽʱҲҪ˹أ̫࣬ȴĲŻˣҿҪֳʤʫ档
ϵԼĿƾٳɼ˶ȥ
ƶһĭμҸȥݷʿϴˣ̸ϴ˵ĻУԼһ˼ʵǽϵĿʮ꣬˭Ƕ˵˹˭ƽȣҪֳ£ȴôס񱱷٨ǣû͸Ͽ
˵𱱷ʿӣƶһĲмʵϣʱĽʿʵ̫ˣڱǰһźͰ
ƶԣҪͶ˴ʦ⣬һʫȴüòǡ˶ʫΪǸӦ֮ɺ͸ʽԾͳˡȴ룬һڣʦȴҪѡšͬѧһһƶûѴңλౣܣǧй¶ȥˡ
˵꣬֡
˷׷վлƶ֡
ÿЦãԼʲôʱƶĸף˵ҪʫѡŵĻ
ƶƭ˲죬˵ģһ˻Ҫƭˡ
֮۾˵ϹͬѧǰҫͬٵϵȡĽʺ޵Ŀɡ
һ˵˵ý
ƶЦȻˣҵȽҲѵþһ𣬲ʫУЩõľ޸޸ģڿȥ
˶˵ãƶֳ⣬ҵȸһס
ҡͷپɺҲٴͬҪţöӿԼڹôʱӦüŻϺͻƶҵĳˣ棬ͿԻȥˡ
طû˼
ƶֵϾĳϵ˵ʿǷʿͬһʲôƲĴŮܡƲǵӶڳ޵дͨˣΪһֺ١˵ɽɵĴʦƶƣʿʫŪҪΪ⡣
˾ƣ˵Խûˡ
ƶСȥЩջһ곣ȥ嵼棬Ҳһʱѳֲסͬ˷֮ʵ
ʱСһС
㲻߻а˸ԼҪϲ
ʱ˵ˣӦøŮҲ֪ôģXⶼ׼
ڻϲȻϲһ뵽ӣŮʦԼӣȥֻ´ҶҪϻ
νҲ벻κΰ취
ƶ˵磬̲סƱͺһڡ
ߣïҲƵ˵ʫʣȴɡ
˵䣬ƶʵλͬ˵٣ҲͨҼһС檣չšػĸˣһֹٴԹɡȲӵľȴҲǲҵһ֮һʫԣԡ
֮ԡ˶˷кá
ƶСʲӹ󣬴ҶǺĽġһΪӲ뻨ȥʱ򣬻˴ǮػӵĻ˸ˣС檡
ǰ˵СòִͨīȴһֱûԵ
յᣬοϷŹȻǲסߴûƶ콫˽г
ƶһЦһ˵һŵͷλģСϾ͵
üͷŴСûκελ˵һƷûκ𡣿˼Ҹ㣬ôҲǷޣôڴ֮ͥ˼棬ȴʡ
ƶǲý
Ҳǹ˺ִڵ¹ϵɡ
ͻȻЩԼöƽޣС檡Լļҵӵݵ΢Ҫ˰ۣȴԿ
ƽ޵ĵλڷȴҪ綨ɲ̫Ϸ
»ؾú롣
аԼԴӽ˺Ժ˻ʵ۵ĻҪ֮ͷʵȨ͵شǰݷõĹԱҲʵ̫СҲҪլˡҪɴԺӣ˶һףһסȻû޵֣ȴǿ̳ҽľλͼҵˣҲǶԵԼһӵķ껼ѡ
ȴҡͷЦҲŶʮͷô⽫飬̬ˣɲá
뵽˾


381 ͵ݻ
ںԺУϷһ䡰µļáû˼βã˵죬еջָ
˶ǻƶͬѧӣϾҲ˼ҡеĹɷڳ߶Ӧִв׼
в׼Ůһ̸۵ȻǳԴöȣ໥ҫ
ҫӣҫҵҵҫԼͷ
һ㣬Žˡ
ڶӣΪǻҵݣȻų⣬Ҳû˴
Ǹǿ֮ˣ⼸۽ҲˣȻȴҲ⼸ͨŮӷϡ
⼸˿˵Ĳ˵˵ƽƽȻûκȤŻϵ֣ЩÿɺãôûŸϵ
ʣСĶӵؿһۣش˵˵ѾûˣҪȥѰͱɩģȴ˵ĴϼңҲû취ϵЩûźɷáûһֱûһаŮöԲܼҡ
˵һȻʶʲôʱͬڳ׵ģкӡ
һ˵ԼĶӣǸˣǽش˵ȥͬү׵ģиӡ
涼ο̸ȥ꣬ҵˡ̷֪кˣ֮Ҳܸ˵ġϾˣҶݣƽռҲö߶߶Ҳи˵˵
ڼܾż޼ơͻȻϽһˣһŮڷίԼ񣬿ںͶӣǰˡ
ӵͷҼүôһãȻҪ߶ġˣﻹȱʲôǰϷʱ̺˼˵޹ʱΪҾƶҲûʲôޡˣ㻹ȱʲôȱˣ˵һ
ھǴ꣬ѧһ˳츮ٻϷ˶ȴǳ̶˻࿴𣬱˾Լӽ¼ʶ㣬Ͼ˿ȴһûκε̣һ
ңӸղźͻ˵ʱϷҲšûѾǳȴҪô£
ЦһͻȻϣǲǾǻƼҿ㣬Ҫˣ
⻰˵úأɫ԰ףվҪȥţϱ˼
޳˺ǳ⣬һĵ⣬ͦøߡ
ֿ죬һѽסҲǻϷˣ治Ҫ
ϷЦѾͷΪʲô֪Ҷ˵Ǹɵӣ㴩Ŵ磬Ҳùɣ
һԼһϾ֯ѡⶫ޼ۣڱĳϣҲһģô췴˾úˡ
ٿΧŮˣǱޣͷӣϴӣϹӣҫ
ԼȴʲôҲûһΪ˵͵и񱣬ϲŮд߰Ķ˵ϲɾ䣬ϲࡣ
ҪǣҲ֪ԼѾ߳ƽޣ˴磬ȥá
ˣƽﶼءɾأҲһ󼰵ġϵ˵ȻһͨȴǴڵơϣһ˵νģ͵ݻɡ
ЩϷˣ˼ǾҽҪ򡭡
磿ЦˣĴԲϣҶҲûҪȥˡ
˼Ʋ
ֽԴ棬иЦŶһ˵ˣ˵ˮı˸ֵ֯ĲʹҲ֪ʲôְλǿǸĵطѰһֱ꣬ʮꡣ
ҲûʲôְλһС졣ǸŮдҲ㲻һͬѧмҾá
£͵˵ҼλûйҲ̸ʲôǰ̣ܵøžͺˡ֯ʵҲǸȵģܵʲôôƽܵЩ˲ҪĶͼ۵˿飬ۺϳӣÿҲͰʮ
ô࣡£Ϸ˺͹ҶӺͻϵĲڣͬʱȵؽ
ǹǼʵ۾ð
ŮҲͬʱάôûʲôô
ҵĹά˹⵭һЦԼȰˣͬϷЩƣ˺
Щȣ죬ȥʢ÷ϷæԸѾȥȡѾþˮˣúܡ
ˣˡ˵֯бѣЩ죬ҳԱ÷ԵúˡϷҲ֪ģֵܲ֯ĸһһġһרر¶ʮߣĶһˮĴޱ
ֶǸ̾
˻ںȣͽѵ¶һǳͨȴüüΪ롣
ۼ⣬ʣ˼Ҿ˸ԣôѣ
ɦС㣬ǼҹܣҲŶ˵ʵ֮ǧ𴫳ȥ
ָԼϻǽǵ⣺ѿ򵥣ȴһһɽѡϵʱÿһ޻˿һ׳ʱרŵý˾֡ˣֻйеĻŮǲܴȴǿġۺϳӣôҲһһɣ
ֶǳһ˵򵥣򵥡
кЦҡͷ
Ůһ𣬰ԻǶ࣬һ仰ҫֻҪûеĶҪó԰ڣСŮ˾СŮˣⱲӴѧġ
ŮˡòˣүϲʲôŮء
ţȴ
ȴͻȻָŶӾȵؽһˣôͬһģһ
Ųתͷȥûȫһֻһɫһǳ졣ʽȴͬ
Ƥһ죬ٵôһϾ֯ģǼ򵽡
ˣȥǼӵĲüȷʵʽŮʱŮ˵ĻνԹ߻
мһۣȻܿе
ңνɽͽģѡ϶ǳ޵ĳһҪѾںĳޱ׼ɵĲϣһ˵嵽ʸУһ㣬ȴͨʵص޲αġ
ֶϴƷŮһûͺŮӿLVͰһʱŹ
ֻһɻ
ʱһ߽˵ǹȥΪλͬ٣˵Ҫʫ
ʧɫȥҲɷôЩԼжʱί
ϷЦǺǵ˵ȥɣٵܺãҶʧ


382 
ﻹǲԸ⣬Ϸ̾ϢһӣȥɣԼ˵ġҶ֮ͬСвӾӡ
˵ţһͨο
ﱾǸ˳Ҳϲ֣ȥ¾װίӵ˵ͷѾ߱˹٣Ҫȥ
ӾԼٴȥҲûʲô˼һˣͨղŵţҲ֪ΪûкӣڻƼҵλ͡
⣬ǹĺһкֻ´޵ĵλ
Ͻڹ
Ѷϼ£һʱ仹治ò֣ûؼү˼үԸܣѰ졣
ٵζҲ֪Ҳ֪ƽϲֻǸµĴӣɶ֡ϷֶȴһȤҲûСһΣյʱ򣬼ר˸Ϸӹ֣үþȻ˯ˡ
ƽ￴ϵķС˵ȴݹţƣ
ʿүûûа취
ܹٵöãȴ϶ڲ˵ٸߣܸ߹嵽㣿
ӾǣվϷ΢΢һϷˣʱѾ磬ȸˡȻվ̬ȴ˵а㹧
ֳһЦӾȻؼȥˡ
˻ھȶϵʲôͷһʱ˻
ϷһȻ̬ͬԼ˵дΪϲ
ҲǣӼǸСݸϣҼүһ⣬ү˵ˣ֪ӹò˳ҴЩȱʲôֻ˵úίԼŮ˼ңǿ˿ˡ
˵ţͿ˻Ϸһۡ
ϳл磬лɩӣ֪ˡ
Ȼ󣬶Ӿͱסĵط
ʱ˾ͽһǵط֪һ̵ĸۡ𣬵طأϰĶɣôס
ӣסѣطСҪ
˵꣬ﳤ˳ȥ
̫ûòˣϷһӡ
Ů£Ҳǻ
ϱŶӸǸС۾ݸϷˣţǱ͸ǻƼҵģ¡
޿޿ޣʲôôˣĹǣίˡˣ粻Ǹɵӣܰʲôæ˸ղǱӵİŭˣҲƲסһƳǸ˦ȥŶװ١ҲЩֵģߣҲϡ
ȴ룬һ˦ȥȴһѼӲ塣
۵ݶŤˡ
ţۣϼС
ΪϷʵ̫һɢˡ
ͿһС֬ССɵӡӡ֮Ķ䵽ϣŮʹõ
ϷһͨЦȻݣҿǽʲôӵСѾͷƬӣ뿿Щ߰ĶţҲô磬ƭЩȥ
ԣԣЩ˲õġȺмʶ㣬ƤһһС໨̣滭żָĿʶ˵
ʲôһʢõӰˡ
ŮǶʶ֣Ҳ֪дʲô
Ǿǲ֪ˡ˵˵Ҽ๫˵漸ǡξơף˵ⶫǾҤĶֻде˲ʹáһҪãùʹȻֵǮûݵλȴŪѰһᵱɴұղοʢˣҼ๫ҲϾ̫ﵱŴӹͷ˼
£˶ͬʱɫжһ޴ʺţӺھʲôݣ˵Ǹɵ
Ϸ粻ãŵϣѶϸүؼң
ӵ죬ߵǰԺĴǰ洫һȻǽĺȲ
ǻƶЦҼҷ˵ȻǼõģλ֮ͬ⸳ʫһףλ
һԶӧĿİͰ͵Ȼһкá
ţֵʫǲСҲһףλͬ

⻹ǵһι۲żվƬ̡
˰죬ȴҲ˽ȥߣүʱˣûȥˡ
ʵڸղҲơ
ʫɾͱͲߣҲͺĹ仹㲻ͷβ͸һɳ¸֮
СȻʫ̳䣬ڿҲʵڲô
̳ʦˣЩСдĶȻ


383 Ϊһ
ţʱûȥˡʣɼŻϣ˵ˣΣ
ҡҡͷ߶үϹúܲ˳ģҲûŻͬ˵һ
ڣûˡҲգȥɣʱٹ
ӣˣҸסַ
ָָԱߵïӣͬѧï֣׾
ӣ칫ӡ
ïðòǸʵˡʱǺƤ޴վɩˡ
ʵڸղҲûš
ǹ٣СͲһġһǴʦģһҲֻȳѧߺЩƣƫƫ⹧άƶкãЩЦˡ
ģͬï̸
ղïԼͷЩмҲǳҪøУӲ˽һܲܰһʵͬѧ
һ̸ڲҡͷïǸ͵С֪ʶӣ粻ܿ岻ڡȲ֣һϲͨڶԼظ˵ġ
ˣİæҲﲻʲô
գʵڲУ֮½ﻹ費ҪʲôģҸӰɡ
Ҫȥʱ򣬾˽еƶС檳٣ñʫȴһԲм±ҵȥڿϴͷֻռǵıˣȴҲýʫҲҵȽһ
ԶԶԣ˽
ͬѧǷ׷һ¡
ƶȵľЧҲĿĸо
΢΢һЦףΪòãԥǲó׳󡣡
ʲôˡһžƱҡ尤ȥ
úúãҾˣòãЦ

ڴﵽż߳
ƶһھƣʾȥʵ¿ӳˡ˼ָң򭡣ɫƵ䣬̸ת¡𣬼ϡ
ʲôòãҲвãǱ˵ʲô
ƶװ
ʫдãһ
˲òһ㣬ȻȲʣʫʫ
ïҲζԴһؿչԹһǻдˡֻһ㣬ʫ仹Ӿ࣬нʿɣת硣ҲǴʦͬͨѵɣ
佱ԼЩܲˣһЦͬһҽסַ˵Ѵǵùҡ
ͽַ˵ˣïͷ֪ȻȥѰ˵Ҫˡȥ㡣
˾ͳȥ
ƶղʫ֮󣬱һͨޣ
ɿȴ;볡ȴŭˡξͺеԱ̨ϷݵͶ룬ȴ˺ƱҪߡ
ֱǴ
ӣ
ҪߣǾҵʫйղƶһɵӣӣһɵһˣǶ˭ߡߺߣƲˣҪҲһ׳
ïŵɫףִ˻ⰡСܲʫʣ
Цٺ٣û˵ҪʫģѲǲдһ׳Ͳ뿪ˣ
תͷǣ˶ӣӣߣˡ󲽳ƼҴȥ
ƶҲˣ׷ȥվסվס
ҲͷЦƶʲôʫֱǲС檣ǵ޻㲻Ҫʫ𣬺˵һĴϼңڶüɽһɮ٣ǲ֮֮һֱ˼Ǹ˵գһԾ䡣вݸ壬ȴû󶨸塣ȻҪң
˵꣬һХ
ɮ粣¶ҷ塣
Ϊһ֣ɡ
ϴˮ˪ӡ
ɽĺưء
ŶУѾ档
𾪣𾪡
ʫǿͷ䣬ֱǱը죬ͬݺơ
ͬҲ׷˳ȥһʫͬʱסˡ
ʫ֮ãǵһеľ磬ȴһܴﵽġ
⻹һɵܹд
ճţͿͣһںڵĴ󳵣ƥ׿ק
⳵ƶǰȴҪɵö࣬ԯͳ߽Ƕɰͭߣҹ
һֺԴӳھͺڣʿ꣬ϾˣôͲҼ棬Ʋֵ𣿡
һƷֵۣ½˭ҵĺԺѧʿˡٲҾӵڼӡ
䣡е˶ըˡ
Ժѧʿʿ꣬ⲻǽӦ츮


384 ȥ
ʿꣿ
ʿ꣬ԭھǱڡ

ſڣ˵ı鶼ͬо㵵ģͲġ
ղŴѾһ⾳ԭסûȻҡһ䣬һɵӣúԺѧʿâɵ״ԪһסŹɱȨģ٣ʦ
ܹͬţҪڵͬѧѧˣ
ݵתȴ˾ò˼顣
ǰһһɵӡغڣ˶˺ݺݵسһǶ⣬أ޵ˡ
ƶŴͣôľګسȥ
ûߵߣͱһĲסȵʲôҼүǽ㶼תʹ˾й½رܣ
ƶûйֻλ⣬ŵվסˣһȥ
ʿꣿïȵʣϴˡ
һЦ֣ͬһ˲˵ģǵסʲôطˣпչ˵˵
ǡïʼڳˣһø
ϣ½Ӹͷˣڣô£ϳ
ּҿеˣŮħͷڡ
һ
Ȼתһ֣ô
ȵŵ뿪˻ûлعƶֱվֻо¶Ǻˮֻо˵Ŀⶼ䵽Լϡ
ϳ֮½ӹЦһȭϡ
ںһۣŭӣҪ𣿡
ڸ磬̵ģˣʱû㣬ˡˣ˵㵱ˣǸӣٺ٣СܵȹϲˡӴЦţһϲ£ҲҪˡ
Сӿ԰ҲǷǳϲһɺã
ô֪࣬ǵطϵڡ㶼תʹ˾ûʲô£Ҳÿæһӣȥʱ䣬ˣԺȣڶݡڼЩѹ½ҳô¡ұ˼ûܵǣҲ˽ӵϾˣڸ״ˡʵΪ
˵½ҵҲǸпļ֮䣬οĻҲ˵
½Ǹûûεˣ½ˣĸ׺ӣͬҲûκθԣ͵ڸ磬һϢҵĻУȥ
ڴϲҪȥݼʦˣŮħͷأ
½ˬֱ
ûϾȥ®ɽˣ˵ϾȵýҪסĩŻҲǷСӣڻ˴ׯ԰
ų׷ˡ
ھ͵½ӵĹۡݼ˴
׵úܣϵĵ̱ƾһ̼ˡ
ƺȣͻȻʣʿ꣬Ӧ츮ԺԣҪ¼ȡʿȷ𣿡
ڻش˵Ѿȷˣһǧһٶʮⶩ¼ȡʮһԱ
ȴҡҡͷЦָڣ㽫Ҫ¼ȡʲôţֲܹҪ¼ȡ١
һƾٳϣҪǰ¼Ȼס֣ûľ֮˭֪ȡʲôˣ
Цطϵô򵥣ɡվߣݸȥˡҵѧг˸״ԪǺǣⱲ֪ˣ
˵꣬ٲѧˡ
ͬһûμȻҪغȣ˶ˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻؼҵģڶ磬ڿʵ鷿Ȳ衣
ͻȻ˵ĻһѲԺҲ˸Ԥȷ¼ȡǲ̫˵㣿
ɻ䣬һѧɸүʣ˵ҵݣţѾȥˣүǷпգҪҪ
ͷˮҸĸȥ磬ǳɶϣϾݣ
ͣôҾȥطˣ˵үæǲˡ
šһʲôˣǺεģ
ӽеӵݹشүĻһĸˣŮģһˡʵʹǸǱǵŹġүڣˡ
˵žָָϵ֣һջƣлѧ
ѧ滹һ˵֣ǻƶ
ԭǣһƶھЩûôݡ
ǺεۼúܣѾ϶ջƵĸүɣ͵үͬ˵ˣͲùȥˡ
ͻȻڻƼܾıãʱ⣺ȥǡ
ΣҪóųˣڻƼҲܹһ㡣


385 ͻȻͷ
Ҳ֪ģҼүӽԺѧʿ˲ϾӦ츮ԺԵĴүҲãһæžѹ
͵ﴫʲôŰүҪӼһʲô¶ˡ
ǣǡһ˵ȻһϸķУǰʲôݣҼүⲻ˵Ǵүݡ֮䣬ǵö߶߶ȡ
ĵ˴Լǻƶĸĸɡ
̽ͷȥͿϡŮǻƶ޺ĸĸ
ƶͷվڸߵĻ־ȴһ˿Ϊ˲ϲɫ
Ǹö߶߶үҵݶˡ뵱꣬үʵǵʱҲû˹ҵһ˹٣ܹҪҪææأߵһСѾͷǿ̱̲סԼ
Ϸһʱǵͨ졣
סڡЦźǳԼѾߣǼҺôҲǸլڣûء˵ү˼Ҳͻôһݣүǰڱʱ򣬻߶ԼΨһıùΡ¿һˣû۸
ϷæлүĹģǻƼ˵Ȳϴ˼ңȴҲС˴ϾͺԼŮһο԰ࡣ
ӹһүϾͬüһ棬֪úãȻˣҲûʲôǣˡ
ͷӻ涮˵
ˣվʲôһˣڴ߽ȥʾ¡
үƶæǰ˵ǹ١٣Ҫ¹ġɻƶĸڵĳƶڵͬѧιȥ
һЦϣðˣԼ˵ˡ
ƶһСĵϣȴʵƨ¶档
֮Ҳ˵Ͷ˸ӣڹ۲챭ϵֻ칫
Щ䳡Ƽ˻࿴˿ƶĸýԼһ¡
ϷˣæСԻ˵Ҷ㲻һֻôռȴϲ˵
ҡһΪѵӡ
Լδ򵥸ͻȻãһľϲ벻ǡԼұ羹Ȼǵ״ԪԺѧʿǵĹˡϢд˰죬̲סҪ⼸Լżܵίͳͳйһ
ԼĿͶཻˡȴ룬ȴһЦݵܹϸĸοšëǶ˲ˮ
죬ڰ˵үˣȥݣš
ʵʲôʮ˵˴֮ȥڵӣܸܲɷŪŹ
ƼҲǵطϵʿܹ֮ܵ˵أڳϻòݡȥɷûйҵͻ䡣
ǸʵˣȻҲû취ѡ˵ɷǧ㲻ǣȴҲԼ˰
һˣҵ
ڼֹһΪѣͬ飬΢Цãһˣе˵޷
µ磬˵ǡǣǡ
ǡ˰죬⻰ȴҲ˵
ƶĸһϱʵһ仰Ҳ򲻳ƨˣֱӲ죬ĵЦү˵һԺԵĴҶƶ÷ǰͬܲŹ
Ȼ˵µģüͷضŻƶĸףҪ˹𣬺ôӣ
ѾǺָˣƶĸŵݲ԰ף֡
ƶĲвǰ³ٵѵҲвˣˣʫ൱ز𣿡
£ƶһ죺ңǾͽʲôʫǰŪ
ͨؽڣ붼룬¿ɲܹġ
ʧȥȤվԶ˵һ£˵˵
ͷȥ
ƼˣֻҪǱ̬ȣڵıãʿӿɲʲô˶۸ġ
һ㹻ˡ˺ܳһʱ䣬䣬Ӿ͹ˣһ˷ܣүҿһ£л
Щɻ󣺡ôˣ
ӵ˵ûƼ˽ƶǸʲôĸϳˡ
һôⲻǲɢ˼ҷ𣿡
ͷС檵ĵλߣҲֻѾǵһ㣬ܷɵı
ŴĻʵеһ޶ƣɷһ㶼ʼ¡޶СɱĴȨޣҪһС檣ͬʰһһҲһֱöС檵Եʣί
ϳڼĵλѾɶҡˡȴ룬Ӿ˼ֱӰѹˡ
ȻڻУõ˺˵ӵղͬƼ˵˰컰ǻϷҲʶ࣬˵ԺùܼˡòǲǰЩƶ𣬻Ϸ˵ȹ˺ӣֱ
㰡ʵ̫Ŀࡣ
ӣʵڿɶ񣬲ڻƼҡһ뵽ߣֻҪҲĳŴӦûƼ׷ӣýƼҼš
һҲãò
ڵĿ佱ǸˣУƼҲӦˣԺڲ檡
ڣȢȢСҲò֣Ҳδ̫ԵЩãáôˣȥ
Цƶ˵үҪģ׸ҵݣȴǱ˰˱Ҳ޲ĸ绶ϲԹ
ЦŹһ£¾ߵС׼ķı׼ĥһ½ԺԸóʲôĿ
ӼйҪ˳ȴվסˣү
㻹£
ȴһ˿ݣү½磬üҲѰˡҲȥ׺͸硭꣬ǽүϣȻ˵ҲûκιԡôҲסһ棬ȴǣҡ
˵һǿȦȴˡ
̾ϢһĬãȥɡ
ӣүҲּͬ棬ֻԶԶһۣ͡ˡ
ͷʲôʱȥ
Ӵվȥ
ڣҪֻ֣²㡣ͬһȥ
лүлүӵˣ
ڶգȥ˹Ժţðռʶʦ緶ĺӡ
ͬһڹԱƬ̣˵˰컰Թ緹һж׼׵
δʱڵֵʱһأͿǰһҡ
̧ͷȥͼǿһŵܹүϴүūȻˡ
æ˰еԼǰӣʲôϣɲʲô飬˵
ݺ᣺үӴ
ôˡһһֲԤС


386 Ϣ
үӴ㲻ˡ
ʲôôˣʧ
Ӥǿؿ
үʧ̬жͣߵİҲɲͷӶ
и۷ɿܹ£үүʶôͣˣ
ڣͬ˵ϾߣҵƬ̡
Ȼֶ˵죬鲻ͣ
һĨˮүղͬӴȥҿݣڰ·ϣӴͲûǺã
ڣ̰ɢ·ˡҡҡͷܿһ㡣
ӴźӣôֻſֺɢУϾˣСô·
ѵ¡
һֿǴ£Ҳͣ£Ҳõʽ˵
͵ϻظѺӽѾߣȻϿȥ½¶бڳҡ죬𵢸ˡ
ǡͷСӴҴҵˡ
ʵҲûʲô˼ÿͰռʶһ´󿼹ٵķɣǰйĴ࣬Ŵ򡰻رܡྲ࣬Ͻֽ֣ǳӣȻȫǹӣŹԺԲҪֵһȦ
Ȼ·ʵ̫࣬ȴߵ
תһȦصԺʱѾӵӡҲ飬ͬ˵һ£˽ӻס
ȥЩϵذοԼӺò׻ϼһˣӦȥףʱӦѾؼˡ
̵ģСѾͷƬӣĸ׵ˣô˺֣¼ˣǺݺ𷣲ɡ
ɵȻ˼ңͿһƬƲȦǺġ
вٱ۽һʣӻû
˿Ѿȥɫʶԣܻشã½Ҳˡ
ʿ꣬ɩ˻ûϴɱѾɳµÿÿֵѣһϢͻᱨ
½Ҳڸ磬µҲȫˣεŵıѾˮ·ͷסˡΧţڳѣӦòѽɩѰҪġ
ллЩʡ
һɩû»ãв۵ˣ壡
˵ãһ˵пһϾǽϵˮ˺;ģ˿ڼࡣ֮̾꣬һŮ˼Ҷ⣬ȴǺã
һæʧٵġ
ʻãһʣʱضޣңңӴи̣ūʲôϡ
ڣޣյϸ˵·Ͽʲôɵˣͬʲô˵
Ͼͷӳԣ˵ҵɩ˵Ĺؼ
ֹס룬ͻȻ˵绹һˡ
˭˶ͬʱʡ
ˮ½Ӳ⣬һƤǵĴʱū̺СӺͶӴҪȥҼݣŽӵġɽʵ̫࣬˵ǽ֣ҪʶһҼүķ緶ӾͶסˣҲ߲˼Ӵͷˣ˵ȣڽƵúܣߡͽӴˣūһ֣Ϳˮ
Ȼأڼʡ
ˮҲϳǣӴ㣬Ц֣ԭɩӡôų䣿
˵
ˮһƤ˵üŪ۵ģᡣӴͬ˵˼仰ˡһ֣ӽ㿴Աиӵģ˵ЩСȥС˱СӸսӡӴͲˡ
һӣض
½Ҳϻ󲽳ȥһһߺεŵģһȥѰһˮģҪɱȫң
Ҳվһ֣ʿ꣬ҲѰˡ
лңҲȥ
һѽסﻹҪһ˾磬ﴫϢ
ʹˣ˵ȥѰˮġУҵӣȥϾǧ
һʱе˳ȥڳһҷ
˵Ҳ֣ˮȴ˼һôҲˡ
ǣۼһȥݵȵҹ
ʱȴһ
һ͵վʣϢ
һܹүүˡ


387 Ѷ
һһէģһ˴Уоͷһʲôˣ˵Ǻ»ǻ¡
ӣүСҲ֪ǲǻ£ɿΣ̫á
͵վѵǷ˻ˣֻʲôף
ӼڼӣæүǷ˵顣
ŭȻǷ˵飬ʲô𣿡
ӣ¡¡
˵䣬Ƭ󣬴鷿￴ȥǱǵƻһƬ˺ܶˣԵ÷ǳ֡
ʶ鲻ԣô£ôʲô
һĭشүĻ˺ö˵ֱܶŵģҪ참
참ʲôӣȵȣֱܶܵˣʧܶˣ
ҲǾȣԼϾΪֽƵԺԣʵٺܾսµģ䵱Ǽһ㣬ǺҲ
ϾʱһʱûôӺ֣ȽԶԸȥˣȥҺˡ
ȴ룬ȴԼˡ
ܶûүѵ֪Ѿȥ𣿡ǸˣҲж༱٩٩˾͹ȥˣͷϰ˺ôƣȴܶˡ
ǲͬټˡʣ˭˭ͷ
һټô£˭ͷǣȥǸˣҲûʲôӺð졣
һΪѣү㻹ȥɣ˶ȫװһ˵Ҫ鳭ط
ջ𣺡Ǳپȥ
ߵſڣǵطȻǳ֣ȴȫǻѣԼʿѾԼסΧס
º½εŵ˶Ƕš
ܶǱΪ׵һԱƷĹٷƷҲߡ˴Լʮ꣬õҲš
ȴǱߣ۾ˣε˴ǳ⡣
ʲôסƻֲŴ䣬Ǻý̳ģڴǰȥȣ˭һƷĹ٣Ҳҵ¡Ժ˺ãҪɡ
䣬Сپͺݺݵضڣˣǲơ
΢΢ԾԼƷ͢٣١СټԼӦù밲ˡһȴһɫᣬȻͷ
ȵ˭κְ
Ĺһ֣ɭȻȻû٣Ҳҵ֣ġ
ġڳһھǿǴ
ǵڸ׸ԵϯĻţϵпǾص
ϵУڵطϴ⡣Сھȫ񣬶оߣ˵˾ϵӡ
Ȼ˸ƷĹԱȴӲڹٸ£ڸбȨþˡǵطϵܶѲҲùغһʦ
ôһĽɫȥ뿪Ҫ֮أϷ鲢ô򵥡
а϶ϵ֪ϾΪٺñһ£ºܴŽɹͬڳ̨Ϸ
ǣ˵ôһĻƵӦöĻǣôಲˣ˲ڵլΧס
ɲһıʿΪϰߡ
ġĹٰȻصͷҲ񣺡ȲΧ˵լӣ½⡣
ɭȻ޴˾ôĪΧΪ£
ĵˣϾһ׮ӣܶͬطϵʿۻʱһͽִ˽ȥͬɱʿҶʮڣҲͳͳɱ
ɱˡԱǸ̲סһ
תͷʣô֪ˡ
ڶСش𣺡үͬܶ죬ϾġͷϵļܣܷЩơ˵ͬĹݹϵܶ˶Ҫӡ󣬺˵ͬǰ޴˵õܡ
ѧ˼ʮ̳꣬ϵ鵹Ҳ֪һЩ
һ㣺޴ˣʲôõܡ
ǡһıݡ
ڣȻõܱɱˣȥֵܾˣܱʲôУ֪˭𣿡
ڲʻãһʣӶˣУȻ֪ͽּݣ˵Ҫһܺһʱδ֧ŵ˸˵ˮǣܶ˹ȥˮȴ룬ˮҲ⺷ɱΧܵˡ
²ڣ˶ͬʱɫ
˺ʲôˮܴүˣ


388 ײ
죬ȥ飡
ˮͽȻڴүһһݵѣ
˵ˮڸе˶һңʮʿҪѲ顣
мĵʿŻߡ
Ҳû뵽ˮȻ׺õܺһʿȫɱ˸ɸɾ⡭ⲻǡˮ䰡е
ӵʧˮѲ˸ϵһﷸһˣͻȻЩţˣЩȥǿ
񣬱öӲҪ
ģˣҲ˲㲻УԸ㽫ͽ׽סǳ
˶ϵͬԼͬΪıҲ˲ôࡣһ뵽һѪɱ˿ͶԼߣоһ󷢺䡣
Ҫͷͬ⣬ͻȻ䣬һ󻩣һϲ˻ˣ˻ˣ
ͷһϲӻˣ
æ̧ͷȥͼһͣڴſڡѵĹУһƣش
ڼæǰȥһץס֣ӣȥˣǶ˵㱻׽ˡңˡЩʡ
ڵʱΪӼеʱǺܷġһΪ£ȴǼ٣Ҳֻʱ֪ԼĿеķһҲ벻ġ
ӼһУҲǸжүϾˣôܱ׽ˡ
ԣһʲô£ͻȻڻѵĹпӵĶһ࣬д𣬶ʱͼˡ
ӣûʲô¡ôôˣ
ȵָָΧ
ڣ˺½˵ʧˣ˳ȥҡУλ޴˵иˮͽҪѡǸǴˮ˵ϱ
һˮ΢ӣϻ˵ɴǾȥվסһ˵
ȥʲôվˮɲǻˣ˵ôܶˡүҲȥ
һ˵һ߸ڵݹȥһɫȻʹһѣүˣôˣǶɢ˰ɡ
һ㶣²Ͽô򵥣Ȼ׶Ϊʲôô˵ôȻ
ǣŶӵֽţ´ȣ˶ˣǶˡ
תһ֣޴ˣذɡ
ģˣͽɾͶġܶץˮʱͶ߶ԺӣѵͲ𣿡
ڣʲô˵һլԺȥƾʲô˵ˮ㵽ˣ뿪үæûͬī
Ĵŭڣٻͬ˵ĹϵȻˣû뿪ѣ
˭ңһȣµ˶ȥŶס
ڣģײϹ٣ƻƾ٣˽Ҫ£ӵϸϡˣĸ¡
˵ʹӻͳһƣڴˣٲ£ȿ˵ͷ
ǽϿĸ֡١ڶղ̡
䣬ֻͬһ£˼꣬ź޺޵˳ȥ
ʱһЦڣȻΪս¶ģٺ٣úúãõúܣǻмʱ򡣡
ȻοԣԻȥںü档ڵһ֡
ģãˣǺݼ
һ֣ܶʱɢ˸ɾ
ڣغŻһ˽
תͷӣȥ鷿˵
ӣҪȥ鷿ͬү˵ء
ݣˡһסӵ֣ӣһȥˣˡУͷô£
۾һ죺үӸ˵ү֮ǰүȼһˡ
Ҫ˭ôˣһ
ͻȻһ֣ɣ
ֻáͨһ鷿ϾһѪˣֱͦͦعڵϣֻסͷүˣС
ڱͻȻŵһȥȴǱ׽õˮ
ǡ㣿
ӵˮôŵôܶŵ˵ģֱү𣿡
ˮǿһͷˣС˵ӣеҲ֪ӽҪ˼ģҲ֪ʲôʱܹǣ֮ǰܵý°׵ˣʶ١ȴ룬˺ҼңһžͱǸˡֻ÷ǽĶ
̾Ϣһ㻹иĸ̷ȴˮúýյͬүˡΪĹͣүԲ᲻ġ
ˮһĿϲǣˮͽͷβ˵


389 ʼ
ԭԴϴδӶͷթ֮ˮ;ЩԾϷ˸١
ҲݣҲˡ
ɵΪˣû˱ˮˡһǰǸСƤǵӼСܾ㡣ΪӼ޸ܶͬϵ潰ģ˿ڣʱͷ˼ҡ
ǰȻЦȴǸխ֮ˣһƣ㽫ǰȥ
Լôӣӣ϶ʹ˰ݣԺô˻졣
ڶɵʵˮ˸Ƨĵط׼һӡ
ɽȴֵӣˮһڣûһԼ۲ʶ̩ɽװ״ôһԵƣԾܳ֡
ڽϵ˰죬ûǺڵĳûгʹȥԱߵĽֵϳ˵
ȴ룬Ϳ˶ӡ
ˮһݣǰݼһɩӡ
ֺöӣ˵˼仰ҪܲܰݼүΪԼлʱͿֽӰһ
ˮǸϽˣǶɵ£֪Լ˸ˡ
ͬ˵ʹæǣԱߵĽ϶ȥ
øˮƽҲǰԵ˵ˡò׼ӣֺãȴ뱻˻£Ȼǰޱȡ
͹¶Σβ͵һƧ֮ȻͻȻǾһͨʹ
ɵ³Դ򲻹ηˮȻġһ˺ӲԱֿһŭˮƦڣ֪ʲôֱܶеģ¡㾹ȻңСıšʵ㣬ղҪȡļҲŹвиɩ𣬺ٺٶѾץȥҤˡ
ˮŭһץԱߵǽϳש˵Դһͨģĵڵϡ
йˣҲ˲ȥڵĳһƵܻؼȥȴɩӺúöشڼ
ɻܶ˲˵Ѿɩץôȴڼţ⻰˵ˣѵץˣ
һ룬ˮȴһݣûôͷ᲻Ǵץڴүķˣ
ǰڽʱλһ飬ԼһһɩӵĽУˮһԴԣӦˡܶӴɩǲүķˣһͨˣ֣֮ˮȴܲܡ
⣬ղ˲˵ҪȥҤȥóˣ˻ףˮҲֻһˡ
Ҳڵ飬ܵϴһһǵڻܵճפļԺһС˵һץ˹ȥõӱʣɺڣУǸղǲץһŮӹ
޼ˮ֪׺η壬ɪ죬ŵү棬͹һŮӣ˵ˮɩӡ
ˮ˹ʲôط
ޣڵ¥СɩϽӿͣأ
ˮŭС޾ǽһײײ֪
ŷǽȥС㣬洫ӵŭ󵨣Сˣ֪ʲô
Ȼǹ⵱һ𱷢ƵؽӣӿҲͰˣȻ˵󺷣ţʮ˹㣡
ˮŽȥͿһľ裬ȴűˡ
Ȼڶϳ˲СĿ
ˮһˮ㣿
ˮˣ֪ãͽУˣˮˣ
һзͬСɣˮ򵨱һͱ˹ȥѡ
ѪɽͿˮһһף˺ü
ˮͷ˺죬ԣԶӵɩ𾪣ˮˡⶭɶ˵صʣҵϴˡɩţȥѰ˶ɻ㡣
ӰͷǰڽţмȥԼӡһ뿪ֹסԼͣȻͱ׽ˡ
ţͱ͵Сһܹӿ͡
ʲôʱŭͬŤȻŮ˴ʱˮɱ
ˮҲϻͷ¥ڶɵ£ָƴֽȥͼа˾ϯˣһǶɣһȴʮʿ
һĹžƱסƣε黹æˮ̫Ժʲôϻ졣
ԭʿܶͬ
ͬĲΪȻýѵĿСҲ˵㡣ҲǸʿ𣬼ҴҵͬһСƦʲôҲǣ鷳ǲȥץˮ
ֺõ˵򣬺˼Զ֣Խҵط׽ˡʱѰˡ
ͬͷȴҲð죬ֻҪ㽫׽סҾ͸˽ֱͨܵɱ˾ǡ
ˮö򵨱һ߿˽ȥøӣȻҺүү
ˮͻȻ˳˶һ
˶ǵС֮ˣʱ̱ڵأֻˣ
ϧˮᣬһӣһͿͬĲϡ
޹ǵǶܿϣοˮ־ҲǳǿͬԴ
ͣһѪݶǣԴߡ
۾һʹȥ
ˮοϷŹһĿϣЦװ
ֻÿһعǾϣɱһߵ÷ȻһӶǽϣۼǻˡ
˴ĶѾ¥ˡɵűˮһݣһҿ
۶ǲ֫ϱ۷裬˱ڵء
˼Ʋһתӡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ˮȥŶ˵ıľһһȥʱʡ
οɱ䣬ˮղ֡ͻصУɷеϸˣһŵѪܵس¥ȥ
ּһڹ꣬ûлһն翳һ졣
Ȼһ֣һеļŮ̵ڵأ˳¥£ֱ䵽쾮ͣ
һɱԣˮҲܲô࣬˾˳һֱɱõڶˣû˽лˣ֪ԼѾɱ˶ʮˡ
ƿСݵţͿһ򾲵
ˮһɩŮɷҲˮžͻȥ
ˮ㽫δ㣿Ӽˮʡ
ô˼İˣɩӿߣҶӡȥˡ
ӣˮҲ㺰һɩӣҵģӣȥү᲻ġ
ˮһ룬֮ȷʵҲ޴ȥ͵˵ͷȻؼȥٺüСȥѰүɩӡ
³ţһӣ߶֮ˮæܻؼңϸӸĸףҲ˲ýͣҴҳţͶ
ȴ룬һһȥ󣬰·Ͼͱܶ˸ˡ
Ҳݼͷǽȥһߡ
ȵӽˣųݼڡ


390 ڸʲô
ˮ˵һУڳһֵͷһСӣϾ·Ͼ֪һԸ⺷ȴû뵽ɱ֮أȻһ˶ʮˣΪĺӡ
˵ˮȴм֡ˮ䰴еĺúķɡ
ڴСͶⱾ飬Ҳݹеɡ³ˣôһվԼǰвЩϲ
һĳոǿԼ϶ٶñս϶ҪϵģְȫҲ˱ϡңˮǸͷߣԽˮ½ͷҲ졣
ԼǷôһ飬ȻҪЯ
ڲԼʧȥ˶ӣӸô
΢ЦſŶӣӣ֪ˣɱ˶ѣȹϼ鵭ȥδزܽˮİ׸ˡֻˮѪȴҪάǷˮĶ飬˵¸ôɣ
ˮ죺үʲôݣˮƤһθڷǰ˵塣
һЦˮȻһɩӣôֵҶˡҲõģүҲҪˣ°ɡֻҪңҲû˸Ҷ㡣
˵գͿڣүǰߵġڣǿýҲû취̺㣬ܸȶʲôģ档
һǺǺЦ˴ֱɵһӣһǿȴ裬ԺӻŽһҲ뿪ӵߡŪүҲûĵˣƫƫүһϲתˣҪһոǿĵĻԱ߸š
ڵͷãɣˮߡΪ˱ôİӣβûк³ˣҼҲû˿ڣļҾҲһɡ
ˮ۾һȣˮ
ͨһǰסͷү˺պõС˵ĵطֻ˵һˮˮȥãȥá
ڹһЦһҹˣȥɡӣˮдŴؼȥȻļҾȡֱܶĶǲ
ȵӸҪˮȥͻȻһ£ʣӣɼĸ׺͸ˡУǰˮ˽ӣôó٣
ʻãһʣ۾Щʪˣү֮󣬱þֱġΪ׺͸磬Ծ͹ȥȴ롭ǰסǵطѾˣ׺͸ȴˡһʣھ˵ʧһˣ˵ǳȴһա
̾ϢһԺȥѰɣ֮һ¡
ҹȥˮĸסɩֶӽӽ
һӶ˼ˣӣʱ
ڶգͱӵѣһЦ𴲣ϴ鷿￴顣ˮŵضһүʵ̫ҪҪȥǸߣ
ãɡ
ֹһˮֹʣүˮ費Ҫ緹ʲôʱã޽ֱŵص
ڿúЦˣˮõգ̺˵¶ɲʺ㡣Ժֶ˲ˮñ˸ɾˣ㡣
ˮЩ󣺡Щøɵġ
ڣΪ˳ȣҲϸͬ
С˾ЩʲôѽˮЩˡ
ڣȵȰɣ¹ҪһˣȥˡֿˮһۣϱŰӣܶ㣬ɸͬһȥ
ˮ¸
ڣܺãߵ˿ɲ˭ץȥģҲɡܹ֤װֳҲ֤ҹһֱߣֻ󵨵ͬҳȥˣˡ
ˮϲдүһ仰СȻǲµġүҪȥȥ
˵Ż棬˵үȥطϵʿ˵
ڣãԵƬ̣ȥ
ͻ¼ͮͮشˮȥˡ
ѾţټһȺ֪ءȥ͡
ˮʲôʱôүֻԼ۾ˡ
Ҳۼ⣬Ȼܹв̽ԶԶظţҲǷԼȴҿ£
ˮе⣺ɱΣڸ˹ˣ˭ҵĲڣ
̲סͽͦ׺ݵĿ⿴Щ̽ӡ
ⲻݵͬϣŹֵʿԷ˵ѾʢģȵӦһ磬ҶȵûˮԱؿϵĲҲˮܵģͬһ
Ͼط˵ºͱ𲻴󣬿ΪųȵýĻ¯
ڵϼȻϾǰȴһˣʱ޿̡ˮûͣһǴ̳̳һֳ
緹Ͼֵ֯һ̵ԺԣҲ˱飬˾һ
ⷹԳЩζʿǵĻʵ̫࣬Աţ˵ЩĽĻȻͲسЩûߵĻ
Ӧ꣬һûһ˵ŻȴŪЩӲ
ĶϾһطϵͷˣˮǰֻ֣ȴܼġôԼҴүǰϻ̳ǿ֣˵˻ˮиǵ⣬ةƷ٣ү˴٣ˮҲ֪Ǻεȵķ⡣
˵ҲɣƶĸҲˡûʸģȴû뵽ȴӵ˹Ժͬôݵһϯʱϲ嶼Ʈ
ȵܣֻþЩ㱣Թ緹֮󣬵һˣͲӦꡣ
ʿ׷վǰǣںȶЩƣԴҲзΣҲ֪ʲô˶ԼԼŶ
극ؼҺ˯һʱһѣȴһǮƱģҲһ˶ʾ
һ£ϯûʮҲʮ
ڳһӣǮյѹ˶Ҫµط١
գ߰ԣʿΧԼ˵ЩĻ
ʱ׹Щ̽ԼڷģܴܲԼѰ·ͨЩؽڡ
أҪģ徭⡣һİ˹壬ǻģؼǡ͡ʫϷ¡
ʲô˼ȡĳ½ڵİ䣬ȡĳ½ڵ䣬ճŹֵƧӣвŻĿƵöأ˹ܱʫȡʫһӣԾĳƽΪϣһ԰ʫҲǰ˹ɵʽ
ʫúãҲ׿еأʫ̳ʦ԰˹Ȥ󣬵ʫпܲѡõľӡ
˵æ죬Ŀôʲôںݻû
˵Ҳ֣ÿͬʿż棬ƶĸ׶гϯ
оЩɻڸʲôѽ


391 ©˹ؽ
ȻģЩΪȣͻȻˣÿնһȺԱԼԼȥɢֻػӱߵƹ㣬ڲ˵ӿ£ŵө⣬ͬԼĸ紵ɢˣˡ
ҹɫֶǽʿˣȻȥ֣ʫҲǷǳҪġ
ǣˮþƸ߻ᣬȵøֺ
ڼ䣬ٺȻǲʫдֵʱȴû¡
ںôҲ״ԪˣһʫڣҲҪ֤Լ˵ǳϮȻջһݵĿ⣬տʼʱ򻹷ǳ⡣ɵöˣϸҲûʲô˼һԲֻȾ˵л
һŪ֪ǶЩˣסߴٴʫԱһΪ顣
˼룬ȴˣʫһｲиж˼ңǿҲʲô
ݳ˵ݹȥһɫЦʦϧëӦֻҵҲҪΪѡѵõˬֻܳԾ֡Ͳˣɴ踲֮Ϸ
˻࿴һۣͬкá
串ǹʱһϷԶһͶϷҪͶвʤУһ
ڱһ˶񾭷ǳˣʮооŴβУ˹˸߻ءټϽȵ׾ƣҲ֪ʲôʱͻ˼ҡ
ǵڶʱˮ̺ߣһŸӣүѹˣ˵үԺȥ鿼һ¡
˵žͽеĸӵݹȥ
ʲô
ˮүˣʫ塣˵ǧž䣬´ү֮ǲס¼ˡ
ڽӹһʱЦȻǳϮ
˲еʫҹڼӵƣ¹һө΢΢ˣɢǡ
ҹԼػӵľɫУϣͿؾͽʫˡ
˰죬̾Ϣһ⣬ҲûƵʫôѡʹʫѡɣҲóɾһμѻȡ΢΢ˣ΢ءƽͬһ£ץһá
տĹأ͸ǿӣȵ֮ھҪȷĿɹȻڿ죬ԺԾˡ
ڿƾٳϵĹأȻǷǳģڶ˴ʹˮȥԺפһˮһǸ֮ˣԼڣڳߣϸܶץȥһؿա
һʱ䣬ȿ˳ڹ֮Ͻǵİݼ
Ȼǰҡǩȷľ˳
£͸ںⶩĿˡ
ݵ徭ѡˣֵڣҲӡѧ͡ӹѡ˼ӳоȽϤȻ̧־С
ŪһУݾʣˣʫΣ
ڻش˵һ£΢΢Ϊ⡣
ĿһһɲΪ˲Ļϲдץһϲ
дֽһץǸˡ֣͹һЦãȴǳ˷ʱ
ݵıһ˿©䵽۵ףһܾʲôطԾ˾֪ԼҪĿһ
ٻǰݴڹԼԼԾʫΣͻȻף˿϶㵽ԼҪʫг⣬ȻĵؽϢˣվ׼÷ġ
Ȼɣû֤ݣҲֻʱ̣й۲졣
ڿù⽳˵ĿѾ̺ˣȻڰҹｫӷȥӦ츮ξʮһԺʽʼˡ
һԾǾ죬ȣ͸
ԭΪԼ״Ԫ֮Ⱳٲýģȴ뱻ʵ˸ȴҪôʱĿࡣ
볡֮󣬽ںݵˡ
ʵڿڼ䣬ҲѾϣƼ
ںҪİ塣
һľӣȴԽԽÿɡ
ʫϣһжʮžдš֣дñҪЩǶʫԵͻأ
ٿˣȻԪص֪ء
ڶʱ˾񣬰룺ⲻνĹؽǴˣ񲻱ЦĿ飿֪Ƥ¸СҲδ̫ˣƲóѣ
ͽǶʮžͳͳ˳ӵһߡ
ȴ룬ҹ֪ؾͲˣֱˣͨһڵϣ˾


392 ּ
ڴһæ֪طԴǺ⣿
֪ؿ˿ܣҲǽʿȻ֪һ·ʱ˺ȱһɡ¹ڿƾٳϣҲܹͬͬꡢʦĶݣѰԭǵĵӺֶҲ⿼棬¹и㡣νˮ֮ӿȪ౨ܹǵӣͶϹٴһΡ
ڴΪջ𣺡ʶϽ˻˼ҵʥΪȡʿϲס˭̰Ҷӵ¡¾͵ûҲû˵
ٳ֮ϣҲֻҪ֪ؽ˻Ҳ
ΪһִˣȻ֪ҺôҺõĵвͨˣʲôʱ첻
˵һʿ֪أ˭ͬͬʦ鼰£һһȺ˵ĻڴԽٻģûԲеԼһȺε˵ĵز
ǰǸС죬ά黹ñȥɡ
ֻ֪ȥˡ
һˣ¹ٸղѾ±֪ݴˣҲǵͷģ˸̧֣ʮžӶȡˡ
ֻԣˣһӣ󵨣ȥˣ˵һ
ݻǸЦеģڽ˵꣬͵ˣ㳣λ࣬ȴ֪ǵطٵĿࡣ˻ϣѲһ֣ⲻס
ڵһЦ֪ظɵ̫ףٺ٣ĹؽҲδ̫Щɣ
ݣͿԴˣҲ޷ġҲʦɻ˵ԱȡʿĸܿƿƵһһһοᣬһĻᡣͳһҲǰ˱޵νڽɼ
˵Ż̾ϢڷŭʹһˣһȡѾȷˣ
ʲôȡˣ
ָָ漸֣ЦЦ˵ȡģҲˡǺͬϵУһݣһͬɡ
һʱһ˻Ȼǻƶï
ͻȻ׹ǰݲסƶĸμʿǵľۻᣬ뽫
ԼȡƶȥֻҪø飬һˣƲݵĻȡˣҶһðٺá
ɾôطԱһоǺܲ
ݵ¼ȡŶȻȺʿӵܣȻȡһʿӳʵ档
ǣԼҲ˼ӵġ
˼δ£һʦүʮ𼱵ļӾǴ
һĿһС
һһݣǻʵּơ
¾վǽվ
ڣڣʥ
ʥڣ㣬ôϾǰ뾩ʱ˵Ļˣ
ڣӦ츮ξʮһԺԣûüȥݡ
ôڵ鰡ݶϷͷʹվͶһҲϾͣ
ǣּ
ãּѾ꣬˽ŰɡУҲͣˡ
ŰּʱݾԱߣʱһּɲʲô˶쵽ģǵǶƷԱôҲһʡѲݡ벻һԺѧʿ˴ɼڻʵĿеĵλ
̧ͷȥѾ˺ӣǷʥֱּü
ݣˣԺһ¡
̾ϢһЩƣ˰ͷˣȻּҲˡͰŴֻվȥݡ
֣˵ʲô㣬ȺʿӵĶʦθΣӶѾѡˣֱӷϲǡ
Щ㿴Űɣ
һ΢Цôˣ¹˸˰ŴֻҪȥܶΪս¡ٺ٣£ȴ¹ܹġ
ڵͷҴҴˮصңöӾʰװ׼
ʵּǳ˵˸Ѫͷ˵Ͼôʱ䣬Ȼܵ涼ûȥֱܶܲȡʲôӣܡ
ʵϣǰߵսѾΣʱ̡
һʡѾˡ
ԭӼξʮܾʹ̶ָһʱ䣬ܽӱ˸顣غĸ塢Ҳ֡
ɴںݰûʵ۴Ϊȥٺܶñ
ҲΪ̫룬ּ϶Ҳϼѵ⡣
֪ãԼ̳Ҳ̸κǰ̡
ɺȴϵˣͬڿɲôԸڵ


393 
ڼξʮʱԷһ棬ͬһĻһ١
ʱְȨֻڻʵ̺Уûͬ˵һ仰
ֻھǴ˼ͻص˺ݣ֮Ҳûκν
ˣǻʵ׽֮ˣϵһɽںСֵü˵ͬܶǵͬΪı
ϷǷ˼ξּǰٺܾñġ
ȥָܴ㽭ͲȡΪӪسǳصĲԣҰս֮Ȼҡ
Դ˼ξʵ۴Ϊǰ˵ûѲϳã֣͢ҵ˰Ȩһùؿˣܸöһɡôһô£
ҸĽɫȥôô
ξ룬ͷõģֵεҲںˡͷæһʵѲ룬ҲԺѧʿھеģȥ
ʢԪһˡҲǽʿҶǶˣô˵Ҳôڡ
˵˻ƶϣóȥʲ
ǰһʱԼǺģÿںԺתһȦȻԷȥͬʵ˵˵⽨ŻԺѧʿҪǹΪ飬ϼ꣬ͻɵԺȥ١
ȵʵȨԺֻ¾ûˡˣԷſĻշ绨ѩ£õҲ
ȴʵȴôһʹԼڶԾһϲͨٺñֱǿЦ
ʲôˣ˼ڽϴôǾ¾飬Լѵܱȵġ
ƾʲôȥ˼ң˵ͬ죬ϵ˻ĳ˵
ⲻҲˡΪõܱˮɱһ£Ѿڳ׷һ͸Ѱˡ
ˮѪڵûʲôõĵġȣĲܴ˵ԼץˡںôҲղǻȨϡ
ľҪҲֻķ;ˣ˾еô񣬳͢кüͬϵԸе˻Ϊˮν塣εر𣬺а޹أֻӪ
Ҫ붽ٺܷñֻûôס˼յúúõģҲ˴ƣ˭û£ȥͬƴ
һҹֱͷҲûð취
̾ϢһֻܼϣںܹһŶԹҶ帺Ĺģܡ
ãڻʲôرʲôǰ;ԡ
ڴԽ֮ֵ鷳ˡ
ԺܵƷ͵£ڻĵģʷУ˵Ŀڱ
ܱסϾģɵһȥ˺ݡȻرʲôҲã˲ϼңȥ
ȥݵҲ򵥣Ͼ˳£Ȼת˺ӣҲյĹ⾰
ԺݰŵĹٴڵڶϾתһȦնգʱʮʰȴҲҪЩ
ӽȥϣȥͷʱȴſڶǴƬӵԺﻹϰٸ˺ţȴ˵ĽӼ
ԭȴݵĹ⣬Ӧ츮Ժԣ˺ص֪Ƕ˲ٺôԼӵܶšҲǵطƾٵһǱÿвؽҪ֡
ǣڶ΢ʣ컹֪ͬطж˴ĹְҪȥݡ
ݺͰ˸֪һ£һΪƵڡֻҪҲ˼ӵҡ˵ȨƣҲ顣
ԣԺҹϲ˳ȥһŰʾһ췹
ҲΪһ磬˹Ƿ׷лʦ
Ƕ˵һ˵ȡʿӣڹԺʽĿ
ʱȻղٺô
ڴһƮȻȥһȡģȴͷһǴٰ
УȴһƬ⡣ǣлʦΪС
ʦȻٲ˵ģڶѳСɽ
ھȻǸ߶һ죬û߳ɣ֡
䣬ֵˡһǻƶһï
ïһģԼһѾκλ룬ʱȴؽӵϲʱ̲סʹʧ֪ڶԼĶ䡣
ԼҵˮƽԼ֪ïǶ˵ģˮƽҲһͯϣⱲӸͱܹ͡ţȫڵĴ
ɲ
ǣžѰ˼Ҫȥʦл׶֮أðڳбһ죬Ž˶ӣϵס
ȽԺӣˮӹеĺֵ˵࣬Цţزˣү˵ï϶ģһͽӹȥ档Ǻǣ˵ţô׼ٵĶǶʮŶδ̫Сˡ
ïһ죺ˮʵǡʵǡȡ
ʲôȣˮïү˵ˣӣߣĥˡүѾǵһ죬żأ
ǣСȥ
ïݣͿһͬƶ˵
ڣƶҲǸйˡҲ֪ʮʥ飬ѧҵҲǿôоûһӺȻأӴغΪơ
ǣʿ࡭ˡʦѵǡƶһʱ֪γƺڡͬǱ磬Ƕʦϵʵ̫ˡ
ʵһ͹ˣΪᷳ⽫һգҪһѵ
ڵƶ˵ݣȻҪչˣǿһšȴΪĳ˵ݣҪ»ۡڱǰҵĹϵҵһ㡣°ɣ
ǡƶһ߲ѵˡ
ï¶Цݣˮ˵ͷ
ˮһСһŵݸïţҲ컯ǴүʮӣһţƼȥεŵǾûá
ïۣһлʦлʦ
̾Ϣһúϲֻпƾһ·
㽫ʦĿǴϣʱѾĵģھ˽ȥͷ
˵طȴݵѾС
ͷϻǧˣвٶΪ׵ͷһлң顰ĸ֡
ڣǧ˶ͬʱ󺰣ү
һɲ䣬ɽХڴһæߵݣˣô£


394 ȡ
Ӧ츮Ժԣʵ˵һźͿû뵽Լһε٣£Ȼ졣
ȥԼ𣬿û뵽ȴ˸Լңµϣˡ
ǸЦ޺ӣڶֹ˰졣
ڲô¡
ԭ챻ݺ֪ŪôΪ𣬽ʥּ֮ͷȥ
֮󣬿һ£һ¼ȡжʮϵζͣѿЩôҲȡʿӲŶԡ
ɾѾϣƵÿ¿죬¸ûвĿܡ
Уݻǿٿ־ǮһͲŽּΪء
۾һ˵˹Ȼڻ;ߣʵǸߡ
ǣͬʱ֣ڱ̭ľѰЩõľӣרųĿһȡʮˡ
Ȼҹд˰ģȥ
ʱǶһ񣬰ǰʮ˲ǹټӣǸΪٿ棬żҵӵܣǮƣ뾹ųˣ¿̳ҲǾʣǣϾĶ˾ͷ׷״˵ԺԳϳ˸ڡŵĿرме壬ͷں͹Ժлң顰¡
˳имĿ⣬ڿЦá
ڿĺͿ²٣ȴô֡
̲סһۣ˺üƽϣԺԣöİġ
ղ¹Ҳ¶ѡң¹ͬ˶ʦӦϼͬ꣬ȻҪʵ¡΢ЦպʿǸ˵Ķ£ʸнˡҵѾˣҪϱ˼һ͢౨Ϊ빦
ڿʿǳ羴Ŀ⣬΢΢⣬ɼݵЦݣȴЩ¡û˵ˣ㡭һϺ갡
Ҳ⣬Ц
Ҳ˼ҪԼŰɡ
ǣǣǴϾԺʱȻҪڸ֮˶֪
㡭
ٵȻôΪ˳ݵ˹ȻҲϱΪ빦ξϲҲ˱ã䲼ۡϣȫڿž졣
ͷϣ½ҲУԳƣϴ
գ͵˺ݣͶܡ
ȴ룬ܶϵſɫǳѿر˵ܶȥݺѲˣվš
һȾʮգڵȵ巳
Ƕӵ˷ǳˣͺݸķ羰˸顣
Ҳû˼ȥ棬ÿնȥܶʺܻûС
һգܶţ˵Ѿڹ¡
ǣھʹȥڵһͬĺܵһνӴ

ͬʱԣС
һԣӣŸ߹ѧ
Ļ̷ڡ
̸֮˳
Ҳ֪˭ͷ˵ڵ϶ٺñһ¡
ԣ̾ϢһʿȻвҲû䣬׻˵˵壬Ҫþӳֻ²ôס
ʵ̷Ϥ£γ͢ӦȥġүԵЩǣԭΪһѳԣսӦܹ׶ȴ񣬻˾֡
̷ڣˣȥϣֻºδʡϾϸϵ˵ʲôӦġʿΪֶȨ䡣ͬСй졣ûʲôˣԵǼõģе¾ӵģȥ۳ʲô£תء
ү̾Ϣһͬ죬ϵ飬뻵档
߹Цһ𲻾ŪӳԱ㣬˭ƴƨڲȥ˭ȥ汳
үҲô˵飬òڵȴǾ˼ȥһ꣬͢Ŀվͱٶµǲȥ㽭ʲôջ񣬹ƻֶ顣
̷ڣ˻ý˵ܣܹȡмԱ󽫣Ҳһ湦
ү۾һȷʵ̷˵һеġڽ㾭Ӫ꣬ȷʵ岻͸ˮòǸĹ٣ǰЩڴὫһϣʧʿġ˵ֱֲӴȨǽڽʿǵӵ档
̷΢Ц¹ٿܴľҲֻݼ̹һ֧ǿ֡
߹ͻȻһЦݼ̹⣬СҲ


395 
ܵܶλںݱ汱¹λãȴڳСʱĺݳǲؼ˺ݸá㽭ѲźǮãԵЩ
ֱܶϷʡһ׼»أ̵̯ü񣬾ûڳС
һ·¹صԹؿʹ׵ʿ۶ʿձñϵĺӧӡ

䣬䣡еʿź趯еĳìԼֻ¹ͬһϡ
ڸϵܶʱ򣬾ͱ뵽Ӫأͬܺ㽭Ѳ֪һڵطڸ̨þ֡
ǻʵ۵ղ㽭Ѳ˶ǷǳֻȴһĵĮͷβûͬ˵Ϲ仰
ľڵߣ˵Ҳ֣˼ڲԤеĳޣζؿڣǴһ˿Ц
ǰȥѲ񣬴غ;һȺ¹һ·ϣߺ˻λǰЧ仢֮ԣʿɽҰζҲϱͳ֮ҡܶӣһ
㽭Ѳͺ֪æһ̾
ڽ㾭Ӫ꣬طˣܶˣȻȲʡ
ò˵Դ֮󣬾û˴Ȼ֪ЩطǶǵܶ⣬Ҳ⣬ֻһ˺žƣƵؿ֡
¹ֶֽĲ񣬲뽭ա㽭غ̲ͿῴôһȺҲȤңԣ׳ۣɱȿƬˡ
ֻߵһƷһңÿ껨ôãɱ¹𣿡
⻰˵úܴʱвپеĽʿŭĿӡ
طǶͬʱͷȥװûӡ
ܺһЦȻ˵Ļϡ
εǮ֪أƷͣĩϯƷڵڶ
ģǰԺ٣ŵǮء
ǳͨ顣
˵ɷ羰ĻЦһĲڳκһԸŹ֡Ϊˣ͢ŽɵǮַˮϵġ
ǳĲöԸֻҪճˣܱԴһȦ
ҲΪ֪ѲղźܲŶĻ֮
һЦȴĵע⣺˿ǲͬⱾٵĻֻ߾֮Ϸ˴ţ
ڣЩͬ⣬ҾðɣԾ൱ھϰʿսʿȴǴкôġԴˣڲ£Ҳ֪˵öԲԡ
ʿ䣬ֲݷ𣿡Цȥ磬Сں֮ȥҪԸǣѡСɾʿ䣬Կƿ졣Σ֮ʦʲôô˼ҿɲɵسײ
΢΢һ㣬ϸһĥʱǼʮϰ˵СɲӣƮͬڿ˼սҪԸǣֻСɾСɾЩֲս˼
ʵϣݼ̹ڿܵʱôɡСĵٰסսҪ㣬һ㼷ѹܵսԿռ䣬Ա۶֮
˵õдһﲻǸôľ۹ˣ
к棬Ҫ̡
ݣݣȥߵʱ͵һ٣ȻĻߣһ¡
ܾ¹ȺһƬĽɢȥ
мͷ¹ҼУѪ֮У鴤ͣ
ɱΧʿ赲ֻ򶫿񱼡
һһСӣٹȥһƬϡ̲Ϳ¹ȺȥΧԾҪæһˡ
ʱСӱϵ«έͻȻվԼһʿнԶŻ率
¡һŨûİ
ǰͷ¹ͺ󴥵һһ£ڵϡ
ǰŵ¹Ⱥ£Ļǰ塣
Ȼһǹһţʷλ
תۣ«έǰһ¹ʬ塣
ûȾŵ¹Ⱥת׵
Լִìս¹һһ̵ڵء
ȴãضѪ紵ճѪ«Ʈ
䣬䣡ǧʿͬźԭҰлصһɱ֮
ĹԱǵһοӪѪݲ԰ףеսеľҺҲ˳
ڿףܺĶһЦüȫɫ
ҲмľƶѾã߾ҲʹáξȻʢʱڣֶʢھϣȴһͿ
ǽһصõòĿξʱܺɨʮطݣȴûһ֧ҳҰս͹¡
񣬺ͷ֧ӾսսѧϰսǶˡ
ǹ£Ҳɥʦʧء
ξʮԼսǵʱ򣬱ǾȻɹŰΧʱΡڲ룺֧ӵʱڱֺڱ˼۸
̲סһã֮ʦҲܶúñȻͬڵͬΪı˵Ż˵ԹĹףȴò塣
ͻȻвг
ߣЦһҲֻܺаˡСĻʵȴڵע⡣
Ϊ죺Դ˺γԣΪԶԣһʾڣˣǷǳĵġָҲûκνԵ¶ϰԵǴɷԣ·˲ʾԼܶ˼һʵһӡ
ִöˣý
ʲôúñ˼һֵ̳ģսĹ㶫ϵļ֮ɫŨϵʱͷûһһ䣬ǿݡһά֣˽ľ档ɺôģҲúܡ
ףѹ֧⺷ԭҾξڹ㶫ʱģʿ䶼عص׳ȻСս
֧Ӵӹ㶫򵽸ɱ㽭Ǵһһĸս֮ʦ
ɼ˴󹦣໹ǲ㻵ں
΢΢һ룬ͼصʷأ
ξʮ꣬㣬ռ츣Ȫ죬ʷһ൯Ϊͬṩ˾Ļһί࣬˵᯸֮ܣȫսŭϵگٶ񡣽½֪ԩΪͨؽڣǮެѧʿΪ֮űͷŵͬ

ܵƷ²˵С
֧֮Ȼ䵽
һʱ޷һӢ۾Ȼ˵֮£ЩĬ
ĵ˾ЦСôһֱǿ䵽Σ⼸ȥˣûг㽭ںݴţδһֻ֪ҵǰҫȻĲһССƷ֪أ˷Ÿô󶯾ԣǺǣղҫ书
Ȼ


396 νС
ڿҫʲôʲôÿҫģ
͸Ϊʲôô˵ֻػһ䣺˵ƷʡڲһƷйٶѡ
ĸ¸´Цҹһ̶Ҳ˵ֻסȾơ
һʿһ¹Ѫϵ̨ںǰ
ܽӹ¹Ѫһߺʹ죬ʹ죡
䣬䣡һ󺰡
ͻȻ䣬ͨͨ죬һɲ䣬еźֹͣҰžֻиղŵźڶ߻ص
գͷ£ԭҰϵĽ⣬ɱ
ͻȻеݺˤ̨ȥɢһƬ
һͨ죬ǰһ糱ˮӿ嵽̨֮¡ȻͬʱԾִìӵϣҪûˡ
һ͵صǰ
һݲҰףеѾ̱ڵء
Ҳôһ֣촽ͣ˵
ֻһȣˣǺ⣿
ʱǼ˴ƵأȺʿͷݹȥһɫ
ʿϥǰȴûκιȵܶȥ˵
ʱĲѹȣ񣡡ȴŭˡ
ܹЦһӣɢ˰ɣ
㽭Ѳͺ֪һɵطԱͬʱվһʩ񣬸Ƕȥ
ЦУߵǰǣסʿ꣬ξʮʱ򣬺ĳԷһ棬ϧû˵ϻһʿɣ˺ϲ
־ܴ󣬱סֿϻմ˼ʵ¹Ѫһ巳
ڻʵźܵʱһƫƫȴڵط˰裬һӶڡ
оã˲裬һһͬ˵ƽ
һļЦݵ飬ּȴ֪кμƽϣ
ⲻ֪ջ𣺡ܶǰߵΣʴ˺ܹñ㶫͸սʲôʱܹõ׽׵ػش⡣
ɲ˵ȴ̾Ϣһĳαϸɵ㽭ҲΪ𣬶ս¾δãȷʵҲ˲ò˽ʱ򣬴ʱ򡣲⼸գĳںжȴһЩ⡣ҪñȴЩǮҪＯһʱ䡣
ڵ͢þùؿôȱã
ܻͷҲúʣŴ˶ƣҪ㣬ĿܶУ˰￴
˵գҲڴӦľͳ溰һˣȥʱ
ĵܺ˵ʲôĿֶü٣ҿ㡣
渮˳ȥˡ

ԣ
̷΢Ц¹ٿܴľҲֻݼ̹һ֧ǿ֡
߹ͻȻһЦݼ̹⣬СҲ
һ仰˵úܲԣһЦԺν⣬Ϊݼ̹̰ң
ݼ̹˴ǷǳģЩǮճöȼ֮Ϊ¡䴫ԣݼ̹԰ײֻԲģÿͶʮʽɽ亣ζһٷ㹻ͨһ裬ˣݽڸ̾޲˿ɳԡ
߹ҡͷƣĹٲǮٲ¿ƽɼĹٵΪҪ佫ֻҪսɱΪҳϲ̡̫˵ϾӪˣ˭Ǹͣܶɱݼ̹̰ˡ
ʱ̷һЦ˵ݼ̹һ£
һЦүҲ̿ӵĸ߹Ҳ
ݼ̹ͳϣȴÿŴ˼ݵ̻̲ա䲿½Բƽ׷ױʾҪΪ˧ѵ
ݼ̹ⱻױӪڽԿִУһһӪʣƣȴ˿־֮ɫݼ̹ȵҺ£
ݼ̹ԣսľС˵ı
һΣݼ̹ܲסµļŻһţ١ʱ˯ѣݼ̹űԸԼ׳ŭűҪʲô
ݽŵû£أæӦɱֻԣԲŸл
һ˵ԺɱٲҪ¡
Цϣ߹ҡͷ˼ҵ˽£Ҳ˵ʲô
̷ڣݼ̹ΪʲôֱСˣ
߹ɭȻү̷˴Լ֪ڽ괺ڣݼ̹˴źüӽǣ»ӡҵȥˡݼ̹ⱾǺܵȴƹܶͶ󸻹ҿƷ¿ɲúܡ
ݼ̹һִŶڴٳϿǴɡ
İǣ˲ݡ


397 ɱ֮
ʲô˵Ҫɱڣܾһĳ˾ǲ̫ˣ
ȥ֮󣬴߳һɱߡǺεĻμĳµĴʿ
һμ֮ΪԽơ֮ĵӡ¡黭ʫʡǻֽǳһġȨ죬϶§ǰҲֻҳưӡ
ɼ˵ͷ쵽εȳ̶ȣ˵ڼԪϵϰ
ԴμĻ֮󣬺ܾ֮ΪĸȥܴҲΪд˵˳ᢣܹܲǿά档
㽭ͼȻ֪ģǻʵԼսµ
˵ڣҲǰڼξһΣҲ⡣ȴһʱ䣬˾ͱôһٳΪܹһʵ˼Ƶĳ֣ҲͬĪϵ۽ܻһƶȵߡ
ڴ˿֮ǰҲûøζԸ͢ղϾ˼ͷӦǸöԸ
ҲԵԽʮ죬ղ֮ƣԵĻᣬһڣ֪нʿΨܶհʲô˶ֵܹġ
ǰμȴȰҪƴڣҪڱһº͵̬óܶ͢һֵεҳħһȻҪһ
ıϾϸϵˣŵʱܻҪϵңμͬȣ㲻ʲô
ûа취ֻƶС
տʼʱЩ㷣û뵽ղŵڱֵúƽղȻŭҲطڴǰŵսս
ȫһģǿһʲôȤ顣
ȫȻһܹŪƹ֮ӣʫãʣΪȴ۵úܣУܸôһ䶨оЩм
μǰһֱȰԼǧҪڷϾӽڻʵǰ˵һ仰ֵϱ˵һǧ䡣û뵽μȻ˼һھúȡ
ǡμ򾲵صͷĿ񵭵ؿһݵĺܡ
ãּ֮ˣ޳Ūƣֻ·ǹ֮ضһգ׷î˲Ч١ЩϾΪѾϾܶŵϸݣҲ֪ɱԼõܵˮڵļū
ˮͶ֮ھȻ֪˲ҡУĵ˿һΣڱָʾˮɱͬ
ѽں֮ǣμɱڣ»¾͸˵ͬ͢ǹܣʲôöʿ֮ȴһʵڵҳӣɱ֮Ϊ³һ󺦣
˵۾ˣ¶ɱ
ȴҡҡͷ£ΪԺ룬ӽóȻ֣̫󣬽͢
ĸ¸´Цظ֮УǰߣҪһ˳ʧסǰʸˮ򵥵ýڲҪñ𣬾Ͱһսսˡ
ǲף£ģȴġڵԩ֪ģǱ޳ͷҲûκβοֵֻĿ䵽μϣĳڣһĹӸʫȻüõģɶھ£ȴһϲ֮ͨʱ˾ͺһڿֵĻƿС
ЦЦ㰡һֱڵʫʣŶ˵޲ڴ˴ϥҹ̸ԵθһȰʹɱأ
ǰʫðμһ̲סκ¥̨Ļʹȥ괺ȴʱ仨˶΢˫ɡǵСƻ¡˵˼ʱڣղƹ顣ǽ˼֮˵ȥˡμдִҲһ⡣ǡ
μϵıһת˧ȻϿԽһģҲŭǡǡ˵˵ҲĳͲֵһ⣬һЦǴǴ֮˲ΪΪ֮ھжȴ֪Ҫֳʲôʰľ
ĳȴǲ´ˣڵǲʵǽΣںĴƬп̫࣬ô𺳶ѡ
ȴμˣȰɱ֮졣
μĻ΢һ˼Ҳһ꣬ĳĻɲΪҺѪ׿˽˶ԹԣǲھС

ԣ
߹ݼ̹Ʒ£ү̷ڶ⡣
ԣݼ̹Խȥšóأ̲סЦ
߹ҡͷΪһ
ԣⰸͬݼ̹ʲôϵ
߹໵º󣬱ϿǱĽ֡Ϊ½˵ȻƽشӱگȫˣԱȫȥܱͬ١ݼ̹ǻ˵ݼ̹⵱ʱ֣ȻǸͷΪýмĻǮҲûǷӡһ飬֪ྐྵȻ½ˡν˺٣˾㷸ٴ¶ȴܱסġ¸ݼ̹ܴĴ̼ңܿɲǸöԸˣû׼һݼ̹Ҳ౻ܸˣȥǣݼ̹ڳҸصĿɽ
ԣȴƵ̾ϢһԱ£飬ֻ͢ʲôվʲôɲ̫Ծ࣬˵
ǣݼ̹뵽ԣͷһ˹ȥ˼Ҹ˻߹һЦ˵Ƿȴǲһ
ԣ̷ڶֻһôࡣ
߹Цү˵࣬˼һˣֱӾ˻Сϻ˵ݼ̹ڸ㽭ô㽭˾£ͷʮʮſһϸʲôطˡ
ݼ̹˱ڣȥʸϣϧǸС£Բ֮ˡǮգҲµһǣݼ̹ҵϷһ˹
үһݼ̹⣬ǡִŰ
̷ҲΣ˴ǲģɱϾǴֱɾܣһϵżҪΪ˵Ц𣿡
ݼֺ̹ôӪͶֱǺһֳĺεӡ󣬹Ҳû˸š
˭˵أ߹Խ˵ԽϷʲôˣĻ¸ֱӾ͸˳ȥϷд˸ӵóּ͢ѵ⡣
߹ڼһ˸õòٺ»˵ТһŲȡʵʷϣȷʵһѵõ١ԽǮֶȤǶȨų޷顣
ү̾Ϣһα˻أϾһԱս罫
߹ŭСˣ͸ò档


398 
ԣ΢΢Щ죬Ǿø߹̫ЩЩ½񱡣νˣκ˶ⲻȱ㡣
͢ˣõ䳤ݼ̹½Ȼõսֻ֮Ҫܴ̣ƷԺ˽ٲҲֻҪɷҲô
ֵñ֮ʣ
˵ˣݼ̹ⲻһȻʿı׼ҪǸ߹Щ⣬ٲΪˣһ˻ȥǣֺαػӵ˿ݼ̹Цأ
ܳŴΪߣң߸ôͲΪƣܳ棿
߹δʶԼδ׸սУʧһ֡
ľһȺǱڵﷸ̰۷࿴һҲ۾ҲÿҲǵж˶Ծӵĳɼ߹Ҳס
Աߣ̷ȴһЦүղۿܴܲӺȡһԱ󽫹ôȴ̸ݼ̹˽£Ҳ̫Զˡ
ԣǺһЦ̷һۣĿһݼ̹⵹ǿȡһ¡
ǰͷǼ˵Ͷš
ʵִȣ˭ܱȵùδĻʵۡ
ֻһɫȥͰͶذ
ɣСá߹غһ
ɣ̷ҲԷԡ
⵹ԣЩˣ˻ô˵
̷ڣүݼ̹ţʲô
ԣȻػش𣺡ս¾δȥܸǴ֣һʡȫȻáȻҪһټܡǶǰߵƽпҲѡ
̷ҡͷϾһ󽫣򾫱ҳƶȣýύ⳼οбȨġ񣬾Ӿֻ޲ҳүֵȥô飬Ĺһֻ¶սδƽ󲨣˾ƽ룬ү˼
߹Ҳ̷ڵǴΪʣȷʵԣѢ֮ĸ󻼣ү˼
ԣЦĪ˵˼ʮ˼˼ˣѵ¾ŶϾһջȥ𣿡
̷ڣڲ㽭ٺĳñ𣬼Ȼҵܹ뵽ݼ̹ˣʿϻݣѵͿүģڶȻʧġ
ڵƷҲý߹һ͡Ϊڸ󸨳ӽ˵ҲԣһϵΧ߹Ҳһɵġ
үͷЩǣϣڲùʧ
̷ڣȥϿ뺲ֺĵһ׮ʹνţ»үҽķſЩⶫ̨ĺҲҪиĽͱ
үͷ̷ڵү͸ҪģǼڳǱֳʲô
ԣԸˡ
߹Ҳ˵ͷ

ĺμȰɱڣŪúЩͷۣ̫Ѩ飬ʥ飬֮أȴġĳһǾòס
ļ²˾ģһꡣ
˧μֻ˵ĸ֣Ϊμֱ͵ʾһǿţ˧ɱڣ̫޷˶Ŀ֮μȻò󻼣ɱвɱĶԲߡ
ܾ񣺡˵ɱĶԲߡǲԸմһµĴʿѪ
ؼһ֡μ٩٩ɷߣϲ²ڵأвˣ棬Ϊ⡣⣬Ȼڶϴչȭţ¶һţǷĴ¡
ܻͷ
Ҳ㽭꾡ñ𣬿ǽȫ𣬳͢Ҫã
˵¾ھ˵ҶӪжǴֱɺӣǼ壬ΪĹĻֻ½Ľˡ
˵ֱףͲءֵݵܶߡ
μǿҲûô˼޴˵ǣھֻ˵Ҷȴǲãֻһơ֡
μ˼Цһĳ˼ҿǺԺѧʿߵĺˣղѲɻɣ
ȻμȻһЦڵе̫ݣøЩ飬ûգ¾ͽɡ
һοĳ£ȻǷĵģ˼졣


399 Ҳ
ʮ죬ȵ
ڲѾڽˡ
ˣˣ˶ź춯ء
ɾһƬУԼ¡ĳˮȻȴƳʼգͬľ
̧ͷȥԶԶĽϣһ߳ˮڿüûߵĳһߡ
û뺼ݳǰɽ򣬹ۿǮѵص㡣
Ҳĳ飬ȫң˲ٵطʿ͹Աͬ
֣Ǯ󳱲ǰʮеڲѮܿ
μЦ˵ʿ꣬⳱ˮÿ¶УֻСͬѡСЩļЩʮ󡣡
ŻȻǰǳ˳Ȼ֮ԷΪԵ£ÿնСֻÿ³һʮʱΪ£ﵽֵÿʮŻ֡
ܲãֵġμȻòһˣµǮҲֿϧġӺҲЩϷһѰҸ׺͸磬ȴȴͻȻʧ١Ϊɢɢģھһ
ˮϵļأǮĴСҲһˮҲһϵˮСʱ
ˣҲһ˼
ȵ̧ͷȥ⳱ͷȻСж컯
Ƕ˵µں͵һʿĳҪݸ̨ϼе˶ˣʿķɡ
˿̣뽭һٲĸ̨ϣĳþƸ߻ᣬǷ֮ʿ
ãĳһʱʢɽʢڹꡣ塢Ժ󣬳ʢ㽭ǵԱϣ֪Ȼߡÿʮ峱ͷ۽֮ˮƣȻСſɽɴҲ
ʿҲͬʱкãμڸʫһס
ĳ˰ͷסڵƣЦʿ֣һʫڣεø߸һҵȿһ۽硣
û뵽ͣСĸɱͷȻôɤЦͷĳ֣Ѿ֮ΰ壬ȴһʫҲ
μЦʧʧǰЩӣʫ֣ᣬȴȴһźˡҲգǾͿɣ
Ҳͬʱ̾Ϣ
Ѫ˥μסоĺܲ
̲ס¶һ˿ᷳ˵дʫǮصļνǳضʤ㳭һ㹻סס۳ɲ׺ɿգСŪͷְѺ첻ʪпξĺ
ڸûκȤǰ԰ڣҲȥͷ
ڵӹüơ
ϷѾˣǵԼ뿪ʱξʵԼ취ٺܾܾսʱΣʱظ֤˵ġ
ʵ۵ʱҲΪο˵Ⱞ£޺ܷġĻ
һܶ͸ԼһʾŪڴΪ졣
֮󣬺ܵϯĻμĳȴܹͬԼζñһ£ڴΪϲ
һܵӣڱΪҪԱάڶϵĵλ벻ȴҪͬԼñڴһȻȨλ쳣ģǰվġ
ڶĳѾá뵱ѧ鷨ͻ滭ʱԼƷҹġġʦʯҲһӡ¡߹ɼĳԺӰ졣ͻȻĻˣȻʮϲ̲ס̡
ʫӦͣȻ֪ĺѡ
һ˵ζñȴһӡ
ڼĳ֮ڻϲѼ䣬Ȳ̸ͬζսˣһľǰ졣
μںܵĻж꣬ԶϵηǳϤȻ֪޲ԡԽ˵Խ˷ܣ̸ܿغǷӦýֹϡβʱμʿȻʫ£ԾһΪͨܲŪһϡغĶϳǸΪũҪӡ
ⶫڵĳͽʮ㽭غ϶Ҫ˼ҹдһֵ¡
ڼ䣬ʵ̫࣬ĳһĻڵطʿӼ棬ƣ˲ʫȻǲһƬ
ڽһŪãĳŪһµĻ
ʿֹȻšĳЦ˵ÿ˵֮޲ڣһʿ꣬˵ʫʡʵƵı£ֻСҲȲϡ
Ȼһͨű߼ʵĿ佱Щĸꡣ
̲סʣĳʲôʱԳ
ʵҲһñģξѷ
ôܣþ迨ȡ𣿡
μʿͲ֪ˣǰûʱ򣬾ӿΣн֮һгԴöȣɵط֧ӦĿӦɵ˰г֡𣬵طٲϳǮȡǵȴáǰö١
̾Ϣһû鷳һ£ܲܺ˼һ£ñپã
ап࣬ⲻ
죬ֱ֮۾ˣܳһݡ
ʿҲμȻսҪˮ촬ȻҲˣֻЩ񴬡̴ԸšеĻʿְæͳһ¡
ֻоһ۾ڣĿƳԽȴͬݴ򽻵
ĳǲѽԡһֵһʱ䡭
ڸŵļŷ˲ͬѰĵطԼմܶ߿ɶǺܵˡ
Щһ񣬶ԺҲǳһͨǳ⣬þ˵¡
ܶ䱸ɭϣҪȥһˣҲò棬ⲻǱ
ڸԾֻҪϹ죬һ䣬û취ñˡ
ʶԵæȥҺܣܶ˻ش˵ܶϾˣ˵Ҫ¡
ǼˣնĳŵڻΣεһĻš
ڸдʮգԼǼߣĳȥǮ
ǮĹس뺼һٶأһһ͵졣ڵسԼƣͬطϵʿӦ꼸գһ¾͹ȥˡ
μǺƣˮĥʹʮˣ
һࡣ
˵䣬ǳˮЩԼмӾͻᵽ̨֮¡
μһ֣ԳˣŪǣʹǻĽɣ
ǣ̨棬ͣС壬ͷվͷĺӡ
μͬʱȻӦȻһƾƣͷӡ
ȻСͷȥ
볱һ
¡У죬ݺƷϵ˶ˮС
һͷһ߸չ
ãǧյĺȲУˮ˵ϣһŽ׵ͷ
׳۵޷
ںμվǰ棬˻ʪˡ
ڱˮƵμƣ˼վˡ
ȴСͷɰǰǷɳ
ȴһɿ죬һһգǰ䵽μУٺ٣۲ˣܲԸãұˡ


400 ȥ
Ǯ֮Ȼһͨ֡ǰȺˮĽµǴԾΪϷŪ໨ͷȡܶµĽ
Ȼ۵ĺȲʣ˵ںĳĸ֡
ڵطٸİ£غȣֱԴȵˡ
ĦѾһȦпЦϾξĲʹûһ˿ȴ˼ôҲࡣڲһʮ꣬ôͿʼˣ
һߺȾƣһӦ꣬ȴһͷԵģⶫϾȻǺһ˵㣬ȴһ顣ܵ˵ϾΪ֡ǵطӡ㽭;֧ˣսũҲûʲôسлԣȥҰսԷѼӡ
ҲǵܾܺɨʮصԵʣЩ˸㲻þˡ
Ĺ㶫Ǻɿľװݳ㣬ˮʦͻǹ֡ң֧Ӵ򵽽㣬սḻ
ǣԴӺ֧֮ܶ󣬾ӵĸ߼ٶѾԼˣû취⡣
ˣھͽĿ䵽ݼ̹ݼҾϡ
ݼҽɾ꣬սԻͣرȥܴ㽭ʱһֱɱڵһߣϱն׼ǧ֮ޡȻлвˮ֣ڿټпܵġ
ɼĲµսǿһСձʮ⡣
ܹͨʮԼΧȫˣҪܣǵõüһδսпܡǣֹģĴսܹҲûйΣһ򣬰׻ˮһȥˣڡ
ݼ̹ݼҾ࣬ǣһȫһսӡŴӵĹҪս͸ֹɡһ͵øˮҪˮ֡лرС
߿۰˿ۣһ˵ĲӣսԱʵҲǧˡܹǧն٣ɼݼ̹ⲿսһ㡣
֪֧ӴɽĿɣЩ⺷½˵սҾǿϼ֡
ֻҪ֧տܷϾƻһµľ档
ڻһʷеļأʵʷϵļ¼ȥ꣬ݼ̹ڸһģ޴ľսնһǧ༶ڶϵγˣʮ֮ңһ
ϧһȣִ䡣ϵΣǰ٣ΪԱԾȻأڸ㽭ȡơԣʷϵǳսȻûг֡
Щջ
ɴ˿ԿҪս£ÿݼ̹⡣
ݼ̹ϿǺܵȴϵˡ
һ౻֮󣬺Ŀֻţ֪ʱ˵ĵλ΢ĹֻͣҪְ٣˵üͷһ¡
ٴҲֲһʵĿɽ
ԣݼ̹ǴǸʱʼڳѰҿɿıڸž¡
ţȻˣݼ̹⵹ǿȡһ¡ϵĺɽδز˵ĻͥΪЧ뵽жơδžȻǿɻǿȨ
ս£Աٳϵǻʵ۵˼ҲԣһɵԸܺͻʵĸأݼ̹Ҳ֪ġ
ʵúܡ
ܱ˳֮ΪһߣԻ۹ⶼ̫
طٴȥҲûκ壬̨ݼ̹ú̸̸ĹýͷĳɰҶúܽҪȴôסȻ˼ֱӿˡ©Ϣúǰ˷ֻ²ôװá
ɼ£ʿǰƣ˵л
˶ƣиˣҲٿͷſĻͬ֡
˰죬ԱߣǮ֪ȴһЦڿڣһӾ棬Ƿ֮ʿѵǳ͢У𣿡
ںٺһЦⶺ棺˼֣˼񡣡
㣡
ڵЦѧͽȻƽʱ̸԰
գû뵽ΪӴĳڵȻ䵽ͷϡϷӽȴһֻ޿̵ӣͷβû˵ٻ
ŭؽһۣŵ¹ٵиΪ˷ǡ
ʲôһݣЦʡ
ģ¹ͬݼ̹йһ֮ԵȻǸȴҲǸˡ廹ǫ̂𡣡
˵Ǻ뵽һˡ
ֽ֪ŵ߻ݼ̹ﵹǿǿǡ˵ñͻˡ
ֻ΢ЦȴǻĵһʱҲ͸ʲôͷΪʲôͬԼ˵ⷬﵽʲôĿģЩ˼
ԼںݣνΣء
뿪ǿ϶ģ©˰ֻ´²á
ںǰҲûʲôǲΪá
ģ˿Ѳµǡ¹ѾдһŸݼ̹⣬ʹӴȥ̨򣬾оһټܣѫ⣬ӦѾ͵ݼ̹ͷˡ
ڳһжʱջ
Դ˵ĹȻ˸жôɣǰڼڻϿ
ֽס¿϶ᱻμ֪ġˣĳļıҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ԼߣҲ߲ˡ
һ£ȥ̨ݣҲֻг̡Ҳ˵֪дŸݼ̹һ£վͻᱻĳ֪
ʱѾˡ
ںһͨѾĳע⣬ͽĿ⾼
ͷһЦŶĵԴ˴ȴ׵
̡
ڣ͢ñһֱɺ֣ݼ̹Ǻ˵˽ñϳ͢ƶȡȥȰݼ̹ս񲻱˵
ԭǵıǷ鰡˻ǵԼǰ̺ڹҴ£Ҫˣڿ
ںٺһЦݲ羰ٵ᲻뿪˵ǾӣԲҴ벻˵ģһǴȰȰ
ޣ֪޿̣һĭ㻹ǿԼ͹λȴǿˡ
˵գվȥһ㵡
нһǸΪ˱ܣԴסˡ
һЦƱеĳٸһ
һƺȵƻһ⡣
صס֮󣬾ͽӽӣܲܿһ
үӺúöģʲôѽӴΪ⣬ֵؿڡ
ڣһĳ϶ģʱүɫ£ޡ
Ӱһۣұ˰ɣ˵޾Ϳޣҿû¡
ڣޣҪһԣ
εصͷ
һޣ


401 
ûг֣ӷǱڶһЦ
㡣ڿһӣҪϷүʾһ£ĵ顣
ӣûʲô顣
硭һ뵱ڳɶʱ򣬼ûûֲʱΣѵͲӹûζ𣿡
ҲǰʱȻÿֻ࣬ҪܹүоƽˣҲʲôĵġ˵ʵҲ뷨үˣгϢˣӸ˻ôġڻֻЩʵк˼ġûַͬھ̸̸죬ү㳳ܣĥŸЩʲôóԵģһ쵱æڣɣûھӡͬүɣ㾭һһĲڼң˺
˵ӵЩԹˡ
סס˵˵
ڲʾӣǮ类Сݺݵһʲôģͼӵ¡
˵ãһ˵ӾͻðɣǽЩռԼ˵ķʲôʹһ٣ŪϴûȤڵҹֻεطˣϷԼϷͲöӲˡ
ڶգ˴ȴμĵĳϰߣһÿ糿ڴԼ˵ӵܹ
ҪôȺȲˮ̸̸ʫģҪôԼȥ̤棬ͬʿ֣һҲȥ
ĳûͳһ¡
һ齵ĵطǵطһҸ̵լӣܿͬһסĻܶĻ˵ǱһҵİȫһסԺӣͰסŻԼмӵļ
з֣Ҳϡ
ȴˮ
ˮƤΪͿ˲˳ˡ
Ϊһˣÿն򰾽ǡ
Դڵļūˮһֱڴүǰ֣һգǰơ
Ǹʵˣ̡ˮƵʵڵֵסֻǿ֣ͬˮ˸С
ˮ֪ȭʵ£Ľֽ̡
Ҳ˽Ϥ׳̫
ˮѧȭлϲꡡ
һҲڻ԰Ƶشξ˼ڵվԱ߿֡
ȭظһƽҲˮŰ裬ԱߵЦ˵ʲôȭֻ
ȴˮһŽһڰߵ÷һıҵѪ
ϸүүˣҵȭ£ոβһŴүûӣĵŪүүͨͨɱˡ
ʱŭͬʱ彫ȥ
μˣȭŶˮڵأʹ
ʵ̫󣬲ڼ˶ˣĳҲ
ˮ⺢ӣʲôôͬ˴ˣӴΪջ𣬲סǳˮ
ˮһЦɩӣýͺǼǷǹӻǿһ͸ƨɺתһʾģģҲ߳жôѧ˵ϸأˮƲˣһȻҪһΡ
ˮڼͬӶԽƣû¹˵ҲƤЦû
⻰һ˵ڣӴŭһͨˮ㻹ˣ˵ֻշüҷ㲻ɡ
ˮ˵ϸݣμôҲһʿЩҲסһ֣°ɣ֮佻д裬ܵҲƽ
ǡ˱ˮˣͷɿˡ
ҲβͲ˳ۣ챻ˮһʹҲʹ죬Ȼ᲻üҷСӡͽ⳶һߣĳ㲻ҪȥأһҪҪͬ顣
μʿк£˵޷ǹ£μǺõĻţҲȻغݣȲûҲ١
ΪҪͬԼ̸һ£һ־
ǹ¡ڣһҴȥһˡ
˵ǹ£ĳһҲ֣ʿȥʲô
ӵҲ֣үôͻȻȥˣҲû
Ȼȥ𻪻ڿһЦɫȥĳ˵ȴЩΣ룬»ĳְæ
μд֣ʿ˵õҵĵط岻ݴǡ
ڳ̾һָŶӶμĳ׾ϾˣڼҵʱżһиĸһֳڴŶӻĴȻתշȥ˱ͬһֱꡣλϾѰøֵģȴӵĸĸֳȴϾӵĸĸҲһͣҾƶýӽϧȴ˿գھ˵Ѿ뿪ϾײڣĲĪˡ
˵ãһ˵˶ӵ£ͽһ硣Сؿ
ڼеΣμѾ֪ô£ӿ޵ģҲѹ̾Ϣһǰ
ڰסӵ֣СοҲҪģǰһҲǴӦȥǵϢ֮˺ͽεŵ˰æѰˣȴϢˡ
ˣһæʡ
ڵͷ˵ڽ𻪸ظ˰﹤ӹ÷ǳá
ۣӴӲã͸Ǻóģ˰﹤ܵüǮȻǹȥġүҪȥǣϾҪš
һ޲ҪҵѾǣŶӷˣȰοȰοĨĨһһ޵绨ꡣ
ͷǣӱޣⲻҪ˵ȥ𣿡
˵Ҫȥ޵úЩˣҪȥĻϾߣ𵢸ˡ
ڣȥҪȥģȥ֮ǰôҲø˵һ
ͳĳҾĳ֪ͬطϵĹԱϤܷдһŹȥ
ĳӿ޵ģҲѹĿ֪ͬҲϤдһŸȥ£ҿ֪ؾˡ
ڴϲлμԼһȥ
μ΢һɣμΪܶĻţǱæѲʿֱǸ
ֿ˻ɱϻ˵ϧĻμдţżҾ·
ү͸ڽ𣿡·ϣһ˷ܣһ˸С
нп࣬ⱾڲƭμģɿڴȴֲĽʵ߸ֻ֪úҵص˵ͷ˵βҲߣǿߣ©Ϣ
Ӻȥ𻪵Ҳףظϣվ͵ͩ®ȥݡ֮ĵǽ𻪣Ȼ˳ˮȥͿ˶ĳǽ
һ·գȻߵ;羰ƣ
ʱֱܶУǮ֪ظݼ̹дһѾܶ


402 һչȭ
һ˴ڶǵһա
֪˵ڴѧʿˣ󾪣æͬڼ棬μ֮󣬾Сĵ˵ĳ黭µһȻҪСղأˡ
ʲô£˵Ѱ˺ʹӡ֪æ˵Ҫȥ죬Ҫ۸·ڵ˺ʹסʲôط
ڲ˼ͬ˵һУֻлˣֺ˵Ϣ˵ڴɽһ
֪ػȻ˵϶ˣŶм¼ģȴûݵ֡Ȼﵱ󹤣űˡ
ԭɽǽ𻪺̨ݵĽ磬ǵطв˽
ȥɽһա
˵׺͸пܵ󹤣ȻĨᡣ
ڶգ֪صĴͬѧѧӺ͵طʿۻᣬһգ
һ··;Ǹɽȴѣ·˵·ǿģЩģ·ˣʯҲ
գѾͷסʣˣɵͷˡ
ǣʵ÷ˣˮִ
ܶҲͷһ·ͷ
۵İ£һ˾סһļǿƽ￴ĹҲ֪شүʲôʱĴȻսս̺š
ڶգҲЪһ˴ɽ͵̨ݵؽ硣
ǰʱһƬƽƽԭѾĵӡһƽԭ򶫡
ӣ泩ػһкӾͺãѰͷ˴ȥ
£񼣬Ҳ̲סʣүⶼˣ˵ҵʹڽҪȥ
˸յ˸Ϣ˺ʹȥ̨ݡ
ͬʱôܣ
һǸү£
ǣˮϲͬһ֣֮ͽ˴ڵأÿϵһ
ЦŶ˵ͷλͱô·ѾͷˣһȥȥͶԺܶ˵лʱĽӴݼ̹⽫Чһžȥˣ
βͣ˸ͷһȴĵջѾھڸʲôˣҲڡ
֪Լдͷһٲͬ˵ϻ
ȿ̨ݵʱĻ󳩣ڿڶһչȭˣ

μɵĺ£Ȼڷˡȥʲǫֻ̂һɽڷȥݼ̹˵ͣѵջɳ²ּƲҲ
ܶУĳķŭˣһ۾ǵѪ죬˻ߵؽš
û죬ܺľͻ˺ݡ
ͬʱ̨ǱߵܱҲˣ˵Ǯ֪дһţݼ̹ȥӭڵ̨򣬳ΪΪ²ѫ
ӵ֮Ȼѣѿǰ
˿ֻ̣Ѿݼ̹ˡ
μ̾Ϣһȴ˵
Ҳһ񵭣Σ
㡭һϣŭúͿҵ֮ԣѰͷڣŪ㱻ѾҪͷԼ֪ݼ̹ǸϻͷҵҲһ·ģ˸Ļͥ˼һ״ԪԺѧʿʵǰóĽ͵ǰݼ̹ŹʸȨĻ𣿡
ȨʲôʱȨˣܿЦһͻȻѣڳеֻ±Ʒ⽮ձȨͳ˧Ҫ֡
ĻڴУݼ̹϶ᱻڹĻȶսܻǳԣݼ̹⹥϶ݺݱֻµʱ򣬲ȫ㽭Ҳ𡣵ʱ벻򶼲ˡ񣬾ݳ㣬ʿʢδزһݿĴʤһܼҵڡУҵȥ̨ݣؽȨų̂꣬ͣݾǮջؿҾͲˣûݣݼ̹⻹ܷȥ
˵꣬ҲȺܵͷֱдһæسȥˡ
ĵıӰܳ̾ϢһҲãҲãǧգȵòôһ𣿵ܶϷʡ£ҲҪΪΪʬϧܶضеȴá
̧ͷͷ微òĵĽʿ갡Ź壬п֮¡ĳ¾ˡݼ̹òǷ˼ңؿҲóءȻǶȴҲǴֱܶ


403 ݷ
ӣͲͬү˵һ仰𣿡ڼòסڶǰҾͷ϶߳ˮ
Աߣ˶죬ʶȴЦ
ӷ˵ҶǼʶģҴүǸˮӣΪ˺úܣ˸ѹסˡ
˵ڹŴڿɲһܹʵ飬е߲֡ҵǶһľ
ˮһգΪ˶࣬ڵһһɶ䵽ҵ
һ·ϣҲͬӽ͹ϢĻɶͷο˾ս
ʲôˮɩӴֵϴûȤ
ô˴˲ȥҲǰ취ڽпʼ
ʱڴͷ羰ˮͻȻһУү̨ݳǵˣǽȥ𣿡
̧ͷԶȥǱһȦΡĳǽȥ̨ݣֱ˳ˮ¡
ˮүҪȥ̨𣬶ͷˣôͲȥ
ҲشĻĶӺӣ촬ˣҵĲԣԭ̨ݼ̹ģǾ˧ҴƶȣӲפڳУԣݴȴסﻹʮˮ·ǶˣԾסڳһȥݼ̹⡣ӣӣ𣿡
˰죬ˮɩӲŴӴ߳һү˵ˣүȥ͸ȥ
ڻǾòףֵŴ󺣣˵׼ʲôʱܵĴӾ͹ˣﻹڳаɡ˵зܴͣҾġ
ˮɩֽлػһ˵ˣֻŴү
Σһ̯֣ðɣǾһȥݼ̹ڼ˫ӡ
ǣһҲǣô˳ˮƮȥˮ𽥿ѲߵĴֻʱʱڵĴֻ顣
ЩʿܺݣȴԵþȻݼ̹µĽʿ
֪ڵ֮ʿҲһԭͷѲĴˣԴСȥ
ȻæŴˡ
Ƭ̣ͻȻü죬ðߵ«έҰѼӺŵط
Ȼ󣬾һſ촬ˮſɿسڵĴ
ͷǴƾѵˮ֣Ͻλεı
ˮʱԻǰ
Ϳ˹ԼнڵΧġ
ΪվһŽɫŮӣʹԼʮ꣬Ϲһڶ̵ͷ߸ԵӢˬĿ˵Ĵ
غ
ӦүĴȿݼ̹ˣ
úúãҵľǣϴŮһӣʹ˻
Ȼ󣬾мĸľϼװ壬ʮֳء
ɻ󣬻ûüѯʣŮȴ濴˿ӷ˺ڣɷͬϽһ棿
ڶʱͳһ˭ô֪ӵ֣һˣ˭
ŮȻЩڣɻ¶ʾһֽĻҲҲһòŮ
Ц绨ڰ˰֣һŶӷ˵ĴŴԶ棬ȴġ
УӾȵؽһλˣҾǶӣǰôû㣿
Ƿ˿һЦӲңϽֻԽȥݼˡ
˵꣬ͳȥ
һͷˮҲ˽ȥ
һȵڲУû˵Ǹ˾һץӵ֣СһòŮӣ˵ϾˣȻֻнˮóĹɫ㡣Ƥһ㡣ղһգȴǳһһ
ŮûͷûԵһͨάŪöӶЩ˼ˡ꺢û£дðˣȴһȦգô佱ûһϲŮ˳֣ˡ
ڴ˹ȥӣλʶ𣿡
ͬһͷתһߣҲǡ
ŮӿһЦӷˣͬһҲһƢͶԵԵģԼˣͲ̫ˡҲǫ̀һˣȻҪĵģһҵǸ׼ϡҲ֪ϲϲ
˵꣬İơ
̧һӽŮӽһңʱ˱Ƕ
ںͶк棬ȥȴһϣжޢ㡢պ㡢ûҩ㡢㡢㡭ͽв
Ůһ߽һߵЩ˷ģҲֵǮҩ㾫ҲȤ
ڶʱһⶫڹŴɱȻƽ𻹹Ů˳ֻ󷽰
Ů˵꣬һ̧顢裡ɺɫε۾ˡ
ҲֵƣһװϺõĸһơ
ЩڻʵߣȻʶġĿӼһֵӣ벻˳־Ȼ˴󷽡
Ҳϱɫ˭ҲʶôôصĶ
һЦӣݼ̹⽫ķˣ°ɣҲһ⣬ȴ֮
һϲǵһʲݼ̹֮ôֱʣ˵ҽą̃ˡֻҪܹ˵ݼ̹ñ³
˵һ죬ƽݼ̹⻹渻ԣ
Ůû뵽һ۾ʶԼݣд󺧣̲סؿһۡ
ݷˣҲһæǰ
ݷһѽӰסʲôݷ˲ݷ˵ģӷƵͺɣ
Ҳϲ˵ĺˬ飬ͽһ㡣
ֿһЦ˵ѧʿͶԼӣϹл߰ɣ
˵꣬˵ͳ溰һݼϴˣ
棬ʮͬʱ£ߺݼϴˣ
Ҳȥοİݣæãá
վֱӣЦǰҼҽ˵ǰֱ϶ᵽ̨ģȥ룬ȴϴ˾͵ˣʤ֮ϲ⴬Ѿ̨ݣȴԵβȥ
ڣǰȻҪȥӪ￴ɴڳУҽ
Ȼֳһ̣ͨȻŵȴ˵ϱߺϳһȺܣȥѲˡ
ڣǺãپȥ
ЩɣүҪȥȻҵȵҫҷ֪ʲôʱܻ㣬ϡɣеϮֻ¾㡣ڳСסգȼҷİݡ
ں޲ݼ̹⣬ֻһºûرοϵȡ˵̨ݿס˺ܵģҹζ࣬һ㽫̸ΪãͲסˣپھӪȡ
ЩˣҪȥҲԵģֻǣϴ˼Ҿ첻ܹȥӪﶼǴֱɺӣطªý˵еϮҲӦҷڳһԺӣס
ӱɼݲס˵ˬʡһ룬Լأ˿ֶ࣬סӪҲʡ˵˰죬Ƶصͷ
ڷֱʱ̲ס˵һү㱣أ뺣ϰ
ͬԼ˵ˣлϲл˹ģ֪ġ
Ӻһ˭ˣˮүһȥ
ˮӦһɩӷĺˣûµġ
£˾˽ӵͽȥ
Դȥ˾Ӫ
һʯɵСǣطҲסһǧģλһСϣΧƽ̹ԭҰҰ俪
˵СѾһٶꡣµʴѾԵЩƾɣǽҲߣҵӡ
ݼ̹оƽҲǧģһ붼Ǿ
ʵϣݼ̹µұһҲ˳ͷһҲܶۼһ𣬶һ̨ݡݸصĹذۿڡ̨ݸԣºǰȴССʮ
һУڽݼ̹оãϿġ
˵ݼ̹ѾűѲ񣬳ҲʮʿʣµĶǸס
ЦŵϴҲõģຣʮܲðڵصġ֮Բöӷ˹Ҫʵڼª˹ˡ
ɲªԵЦЦʵݼ̹Ӫĸ𾩳ǵĹҪݡ
Ľ϶һˮľذ壬ӵþ߷ǽҵ˷ָ
ɻĲҲҵضǽǣСɽƵģˮĳвΪûùˣɢŹֵζ
ˮƤʲôʱ򿴵Ϸʵļƣʱλۡ
Դӽ˾Ӫʿ䶼Ǽ֮Ϊ£ںʱֵ˼䡣
֪˽ڳУһΪȫ㣬򣬿϶лҪԼ˵
һʵʷϿһɫεݼ̹ģ˵ھеݼ̹⻹Ҫһ֡˵ݼ̹⣬ֻµȸ㶨ݼҵĵˡ
ӣҲлͬԼ˵Ҳգ̸̸ͬ
Ȼ󣬾Ī˹ͬڼ˵Ȼһʢľ硣
ù֮ǰҹҹɫڵңֿˮһۡ
ڻ⣺ˮ°ɡ
ǣү
ˮ뿪ˣɫһЦݣ˲㽭ٺܶöñ˺塣̨Ѳӡ֪кηԸ
ڣݼ̹⽫λڿһߣ񸣽ȫʡܵϮ̨ݾ뽫ȥˮ𣬲֪ݽΣ
ˣҷڲУ±ҵŮܹ֮ʵġһ仰֪˵֮˲Ҫ
ڣ˵˵޷
۾һתϣҷܺܶƣûܶԶ
Щãܣ˵ս˲Ϣ䣬¶Ҫʾ㱨ʲộ
ˣҷҲûа취
һͻȻ룺ҵǱˣǴݼ̸̹ͬôЩʲô
¾⣬΢΢һ˼ղԿɵطӣǱл˵Һˡ
ˣɶսһ²µ飬ֲܳӶ򡣡
ڣдһ꣬˵Ƽݼ̹⽫Ϊܱ٣ȫȨø¡
Сܱ٣һ´ԱɵˣþҲΪرֿ͢ĿӣȨʵʷϻдϼ֡
䣬ΪóĸƼݼ̹һľ³٣Ϊġ
˴ϲ͵عǰҪȥ
ڻæһǲϰ߱Ů˹򡣡
һЦ˼ȻùͲˣӷ˽ƣԭһˣôིġˣŸҷлүڽҲһյ·̡
Ŀࣺݼ̹ԭǳѲӣǶڳͬԼ̸̸ˣ档һп϶˵⣬Ů˿ɲˣ
˿һЦҲ͡
ʱ򣬡ԶشһҽУȻǡأĺ
ϮϮ


404 ԧ
һڴһǰҲ׼μξ϶ٺñҲԼһһս
ôҲǾղһߣҲоûж̱ӵĻᣬеڿһĻսƬԼǰչҲһѵõ
ܵ˵ӦûκΣհɡ
ңݼ̹ĴӪȫúܡ
û뵽սԼǰ˾ȻҹϮ
һϮ֮ҳһţǻźŸľС
⣬ֻжǸʿ䣬ӶųȥˣղҲɫһ䣬͵վˣ
ˡһʿæܽϮ
ʲôˣж٣ʵ⻰ҲǶһʣܽʱവݣһĺ˾׹
ˣܵҹϮڣӦòࡣ
Σ
Ѿˡ󼱣ˣ커߰ɡ
үߣˮҲ˽һѳʵĸֵסڵشߴڡ
һ󷢺һִС죬ʲôʱѪսѾȷȥ⡣
ԣ˿ߣųȥ̨ݣȥֿ֯˽һ掠ݸڣȻ󲽳ȥһһߴ󺰣ҸŻأҿ£
һȥԶ
һȴ࣬סһݼ̹ŹȻ˲ŮкҲ
ͷϵĻ勵ȥѾҩǺľΪĻǹԼһߣڻϵҲһ߳ҷţܲ㡣
ͽǸϡ
ɱ󣬱ĿĻԼлǹ
үӿӣˮֻŹĵеĻǹûӵؽУоãܵһʱĽĿ꣬ʵ̫Σˡ
򣺡ԣߡ
˸ղ˵ֻʣʮʿ䣬Ů˺ͺӣֻûκη֮
Ϊһִˣ
£˾ͳȥҲ֪սΣʵ̫ڣͿ
ȴӰڳȥҽС
Ҳ֪ôˣͻȻмȼŨƮѬ˼۾
ڸˮûͷûԵһҲŷ
ʱͻȻ䣬ݣһӰӽֹսǳнλεڵͷ
ʲôʱ˰ӹ棬˶סˣֻһԼ濳
Ҳˮһס
Ƿɽ˵ڵϣЩۡ
øˮҲͣЪҽһ̧һһߵ÷˳ȥ
һŶ˵ͣ߹Ƕ֮вһ
ˣңˮұСһͷвͣеĵӱһ㳯ǰȥ
ǶĿĻ
ȻǳһҽС
Ҳͣұɿȥ
ܵô죬ǲе˴Ӻڰ
ˮºֻͱ˿⽴ˡ
ԣôܿɲǰ취ͻȻһ£ԼϴŴƷٷںҹָ·ƣ벻עⶼѡ
սϻװƽ·ȴĨӡΪղʹŪǱȥڻôˣ
˵ʱѾףΧһƽѾ˰ΧܳȥͶ𣿡
뵽ͣ
ˮҲ֪˼ˣѪѾѳ˳ಲ
ڲүߡСأҲҪȥ
ҡҡͷˣȥѰˡ˿̣ʲôȴˣڴ󲿶߸ȫأ
ˮү
ڹһƤŭΪ͢ʹӣҪ˵¡
ǡ
ˣߣ
Ҳϻֱͺɱĵطȥ
ˮΣֻýظȥ
˴ԼಽǰһƬĵʮ·ڡ
żʮ棬űս
⻹ڵһμܵģк棬ȥȴΪʧ
ǰԼʮˣһźѣҲʽƤףͬһҲûʲô
ϵıҲ廨ţʿгǹõᵶЩ˸ͷҲߣͬеСӿɲ̫һ
ûߣ˴󾪣ôûߣ
ںһΪղȻһߣӵĵҪ˵
˵ĵس߿ȥȺ֮С
ãһϴһ˿塣
ĸƷĹǰҲһòȻģȴͷһ
̲סһ󺰣ţ˾м䣬ҲɱУ
ҲɱУʿǶʿͬʱһź
һ˽һ֦ͬһĳǰһ棬סг
Ȼùһ˹ڵء
սϵڵϣûվĿܡתۣǸܾͱݼҾһ̯ࡣ
һֺƯʮѭɱˡ
ȺҲ˼ʱ䡣
ǽһ˿
Աߵˮóһɱ¾ֶοһ䡣
ֻ׳඼Ů˺ߡһװ׺⺷Ⱥ棬Źֵɱһһһ׵ڵأȫȻûл֮
ˮΪҲոǿ֮ƣһʱֻҲҪԸ
žľݰɣûô
Ա߿ףСʮΪһС飬гǼŹֵĳйܡǹοôôϤ
жʱӴûððʧʧӳȥ·ˣֻ¾Ҫ⡣Ǵ߰ȫ
аȣãЦˮ쿪۽˰ɣݼ̹ݴ˷ԧ󡣡
νԧ󣬾12ΪһӣǰΪӳζһִơһִƣִֵܵʸǹִٶܲбǹֺҪڻǰֳڻнս
ٶΪִڣϷëѡ϶ʵߣбɼ״ܼ֦֦Ѿÿ֧ڳ3ңǰ˵дɱڻֵƽͺ泤ǹֵĽִǹĳǹ֣ҸˣֱӦǰߵĶֺ֡ٸֳ֡١ʿξ䡢֧Ԯȹػع̵ֶּ̱ǰȥɱˡ
ֱֹȷÿֻҪԼһֵĲЧɱйؼϣнֹ


405 ݼ̹
ԭܸʱ򣬵ʱĴϵ䱸ɳڣıá
ĻǹһãʮܴͰѾǲġ
ᵶҲ͵ϵñ˰Ƥӡ䣬ɶŮñʱдɱţʦʱһͷţͱȴûмѪΡ
ɴ˿ɼıóʲô̶ȡ
֮෴ܵʿȴ쳣˵ڹŴִᣬҲû취ִոƳıֹмӲϣڴʿߡ
ıձʿһϣڿʼʱܳ˲ٿ
ݼ̹ⷢһ㣬Ϳʼھƹ˳ձٷܲһϰɣ
ڣҲյһЧ
رҪܸߣɲ˭ʹġ
ǣսУݼ̹ⲻϸĥϽܵԧ
Ҳһٿµĵˣǿĺӣ߲Ů˾ˡ
ɾˣһСɺ޻֮
ڶԾУǰҲһЩص¡У̸ӵʱ˵˾Ӷսʿܻ߾¼Ҫ󲢲̫ߡɶԼɺͷȴϸĹ涨
νһȺؼɵҧһȺҵʨӡ
ݼ̹Ľ˼룬ѾнӵĳΡ
Ȼ޵еľ񰡣۹Ѿ߳ͬʱнһء
תۣǼܱ˿ڵء
鲻ǰƼһһֵɨȥ
һҲвͬĶͣڳسɱ
ԧʺսƫƧΡ
ҲǿŴűأ˿ɳ֮
ӣٹʱе˺ܿͻᱻˡ
дˬԼûӳȥǸǵľ
ɱ˰죬ۼŵѾûӰˣ˾ʹڵǽϡ
ͷȥиϡкɱ˴ȥҲ𼸶˻
ԲμһսȻûзһǹһȴ쳣ܣ̲סһˬˬ
ˣ䣬֪ģΪս罫أ
ڻЩģˣĵ˴Լж٣ж೤ʱܹս
һѾЩɢҵͷЦֻɳСɲ͵ϮоָϵͳǿݺҴ˵ڵأ̫ʱ䣬ӣΧǲ˳ҲӲˣΪʱ˾ͻ˱뵣ǡ
ЦҵϣܹսȥҲñҾΧȫߡ
˵Żзڳش졣
һüͷ˱ˣǽƻ
ˣˣ
Ĵ˻
ڰУǲǿе˴ӳǽ棬Ȼɿɢ
ڿȤҪ˵ЩʲôͻȻ䣬ֻһۡ
һȴԱߵĻһǵ˹
ɾʱ򣬷档
һӰӳǽ߸Ծ𣬽ǽһ㣬
еʿͷڿȥ
ԭ˵Ͳһձˡٷ֪Ǹ̰죬űѡ

Сģ
һ⧲˶к
һʶ̧֣˰
ۣһŨǰɢ
Ծڰգ޿ɶ㣬һǹĿڡ
˾ͬһ㣬ڿһȻ䵽ϡ
һעɫѪҺӵױ꣬һš
ϾǸִˣڻ̲סһֻÿҪӿǻĳˣ᲻𾢡
ˮһһѳǹ˾һͨҴ
Ҳһӿϣܿϡá
ˣû°ɡ˼ºһǹеУи䣬ˣ˼ֱ
û£û£ڹЦȴĪشŲҹɫӣҲ±˿Լ԰׵
ܵķһţܵ˻ѣһϸϸĳ﹡ˡ
վڳǽϣָһղڳеܴԼʮˣԼʮ֧ѡͻϮоһ١Ҵ侣Ǿ¡ϧˣ
ԱߵĽʿҲһ̾г˸棬ֻʣʮˣҪƺ󣬸û취׷
ŵԼƤߣǹƵġ
ʱͻȻңԶĵƽǱߴƵ죬ȻɽХź
תۣƽ߾ͱλεĻռˡ
ȻղӳȥѾݼҾŰΧ
˧ˣ
еʿ
޴ĶеľҲűϳǽ
ðյĺ׸ߵĳǽȥ׷ȥ
ٿˣ˶˺Ůӡ˶ףһɱ
һݣøݼҾŮ˺ͷӶ⺷˹սȵڵһ
˽һ仰ȴһΣ̲סЦ
˴ԼҲг죬Ҳ˲ô࣬һЦݼ̹ʹĺüı뿪ȴ͵͵һԱߡ֪зؿ飬ղڴˣռˡȴ룬͵ɣȥһѰס
ҡͷһݼ̹ļƻУӵǸնˣݼ̹⣬ǿɶ
սȻûʲôÿģΪԶ
ڳǽϿ˰죬ҲʲôͻԶȥȻһͣЪź
ڸղ񾭸߶Ƚţɳپͻصݼ̹Ľãо
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬콥
ҲԺ˹ȥ
һź˧Ӫˣ˧Ӫˣ
һ۾ھͿһװĸߴͶصعԼǰͷĵϣؽе¹ݼ̹⣬ݼղˣ
󣬻վһˣһ̴磬ݹݼҾļ̫ࡣ
ڻæһѽݼ̹ӵϷ𣺡ڲһƷĹ٣ε𽫾һݡ
ݼ̹ƷָʹڵĹٴˡ䣬һƷٻ㲻ʲô
ôһӢ۹򣬿Ҫٵģڿܲ
ɸսݼ̹ȴһ㣬˿ôô졣
̲סݽǰ𣿡
ݼ̹һĹˣξʮ꣬ݼ̹ýְԷʥʱߡ¹ʲôʲôݣȻǲҡ
һԴˣˣԭ㣡
ݼ̹⣺ش˵Ļξʮ꣬¹ȥǲμ١
ڹЦݽñ񣬽ǿ۽ˣ벻ҾնսΣ
ݼ̹һ죺¹¹
Ǽ̫Цǰһ֣һ£ҸɵƹѾдŹˡսնᣬնʮʮһˣҪ౨͢أ


406 ս۹
̲ס̫һۣû뵽Ȼǻƽĸɶӣ˵ҲԼˡ
ˣ̨ݻˣ´пΪ
ʹմ
̫һĹ𹫹֣Ρ
Ŷιڽݼ̹뵽Ҷ˵
ιЦˣҪȺ²أӻҺݼ̹⽫ϱΪʿ빦ˣϣһ£ҲҪдд
ݼ̹Ҳͷι˵ǣҾնһ£¹ٺͽʿǿɶǿġֱ󣬳նɱʮͷ
һɱһɱһɲұɱǸܣҲڻеĲʣһӾͱʮնƤٺҲЩܲ
˿һЦǫ顣
ǫ飡ݼ̹ιҲͬʱЦ
ڻҪƴǣʿλү˧²ѾѺ㳡ǰȥá
ݼ̹Цض˵ˣǰȥ֡
ڶʱձӷǳ棬ۼһСӳʲôģҲƴǣһС㳡ϡ
Ϳ㳡ϹʮˣЩ˶ȫѪҲǸ졣׺ݵؿΧһɥؽͷš
ݼ̹˹˸󺰣ݽݽ
ȻǻԲԽԣڳһ̲סݽܵĺ˵ôã
ݼ̹¶һ˿񣬺޺޵ʲôˣǼԭǺ̰Ǯ죬ͶˣɱԽĹУӹ㶫㽭ԼˣҲһǧˣ඼Ǻ
ڻȻ򣺡ԭǺ鰡
̫ߵһǰ̧һ²°ͣɤӶڵˣ
ģ߶ȣҲһ壬ִ˿ֱСò󻰡
̲סЦ˵СձСձȻС
˽ͷһ˦׺ؽеϻҪգȻô壬Ǻú
ɺмбٻݻζײ࣬
ڣթʲôúúġ
ܺһͷʮɻΪұġ
ݼ̹Ҳ֪Ǹ֣䵽ϣûܹȥģҲ⣬ˣ
һȣɱ硣
мʿӷ²Լ˵ӣһһʱʡ
Χ۵˶һкãˮ˷ܵôʹ죬ʹ죬жΪɱвŲһ⣡
Ѫļ£ġ
ݼ̹һ֣ͷ­ʯҹˣŷ²һȥܶ
ȴ²ݼ̹ιһֻصоãдһƪӣдֽ֮ڣˣǺԺѧʿôдɺã
ڽӣ˳ֽԼֻȥҲҪֹ͡
䵽ݼ̹ȴһжĹٵĹͱǹٳǱϹ٣û
ȴ֪ڸƲϾͣ˵ɱһˣƤû˵Ϲĵز
˳ȥԻҪ˵ûˡ
ŪһУְٺóоܹ˵ˡ
һһ裬ݼ̹վȻˣܷұ߾ɱҰգΪľ٣ΪɱУ岻ݴǣݼ̹ҲӦʡ񣬸һأܣȴ֪Ӻ֣ʾ£
Ѿ˵ҪԼܱ٣ϲãѾļӪ
ֻҲǵһνӴΪԸҲ֪£ʶѯʣһССĿϡ
ڶԾȻһϲͨȴѲʵʷϣڽ꣬ݼ̹һδģĻսһټҡ
˻սĵصڸݵĺ졣
վߵǽŵͼǰźһ㣺ȴ졣ֻҪܹº죬ҿƽ
ݼֻ̹׵ˣ˵طĵλʮҪǯס¸ۣ¿سֺ͸ݣսֵĽڵ㡣
ͬ̾ľݵ㶯ǧ˲ֻͬһǧܡ
ǣһǧȫ
ֻҪЩսǿطļȺףǲȡֶδиڶڳƽ
Ժսݼ̹Ѿ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳ˾¼ƻκܳٳٲϷ˵ǵطҪͲֵô󶯸ɸ꣬ա
벻ھһ۾ͿеĹؼݼ̹ڻܲΪȻǳ׵طˣĵȻ״Ԫ˵ãս۹⣬ͱȺûҪ֡


407 ط
ݼ̹ȴ֪Ǹʷϵļһ˵ȴݼ̹»
ݼ̹һֿ֣˵˸߼ݼ̹ԺñΣǵطĩķҪúõңƶ֮󣬵طҲٵĸһӦغͽŷ򣬶Ҫн̨ݸ֪ɲҵġ
һ֣ݽ赣ģֻݺֻҪͺáĹؽڣӦΪ֣طٻǻһӵġ
ݼ̹ܣѫдϲлˣˣݼ̹Ϳʼ׼ˡ
˵գ죬ȵдһ̨ݸ׼е׳ʿ䣬侼᣻͵عҪ׼㹻ݣˮ׼ǫֻ̂ݴռ£ģ̨֪֪ʿ뾳طϡ̨ݾץһһ𡣡
ˮһһȥݼҾ
׼еȻףδץȴ벻ס
̫͵һЦŵҪŷǮͣоȥô꣬ϱض񣬾̨ݶԣپ֮ڡ侫׳һһץˣʵӣҲҪǮڷԾС
һЦݼ̹⻹Ǿ
˵Ҫһɣɲһ򵥵顣
ݼ̹˵ȵһ׼׵Уٻչ⾰
Ա˰죬ݼ̹һһ䲼ȥֲ£پζһҹû˯ҲƣˣͲסشǷ
ԱߵιһЦˣҲûζһҹû÷Ҹ徻ĵطԾ˵Ȼͷ˯ġ
ھдһ࣬ι˵ҲࡣȻ֪ǸɵƽĺѣֺãֵദĻȻϷŹ
ģҲˣµͷӦʡ
˾˼ƧӣЩƷ˵˰컰ͷ˯
һ˯ʹ죬ڶ糿ѹ
ȴ˻ȥ֪ͨӡ
˿̵̨ݣΪ֣ܵ䱸ɭϡ
ͻȻɱڵصϢ̨Ǿ㾪ǻҵȺӿſڶµˮйͨ
سǵ۲סеĹӣͷӳȥдʵ㣬һһżϸ˳ǡ
ϧ̨ݵʵ̫ܾ࣬һ˰˼ˣεס
سŵۺˮˣɤҲˡ
Һĳſڣס󣺡Ӵ㣬ʲôΣ˭Ҳ֪ҳǱȥˡ
ҽȥ価Ӿҡҡͷǿͳǰ漷ȥҹϮĿ϶ǴүʲôΣҡңҷĲ°
˵ŻͼȺȥˡ
һͬСɣӣӣҵãϸСӡ
ǰȫͷѾˡ
æȺ˽ȥ㿴˶ӵıӰ
ֻӱСͬһҶһ˳ԣһġ
ʱͻȻ䣬һͻȻץסӵļ򣬴Уӣӣԭ㣡
ԼʮͷһȻʲôû
һݣ͵سȥһѽ˲ʲôˣ󵨣
Ҳתͷ꺺ӣһҲ磬㣬㣡

һӣֳ
ĸ׿ޣеǿҲ۵ؿ
Ҽֳͷ
ʱۼŭűӾͳ˹񣬿Ŷӡ
һץסӣŭʲô
һֺƯʹ˼ȴŭ췴ˣ췴ˣ
һǶȥסڣͳǰһ
ԭ˽ͽиۡѾǼ̨ݾƾ֤
һҲֹԭϻˣ˵õ𣿡ЩίЦҪȥʵ̫Сž͸ү
Ҫǡ
ۣ涼ˣ˵ܣʵ̫ңôȥȫ
ȴȥˣ磬׺
Ӵ֪˵ſڴͷģôʲôӣǮûУЩͷˡ
æͳɰЩôˣ
ӸһһûԷҸطԵ㡣
˵꣬ͷӵĺɰһֻмǮӣǲ죺ô㣬ʲô
ԭݣͲҪǮġ


408 ž
ô˵ЩǸС磬ǻǿЩȥſڵȵɡ
ӴЦһʲôȣȣԼ֪ȥȥӡ˵꣬ҲǶӣֱƿȺæȥ
ѾûŸˣ±Ѱ˵ġϾȴûˣбͱˣͻȻ̨ݼ˸磬˵Ҳͬһ𣬶ʱϲᶼˡ
תۣȴˡ
һţæ壬ǿЩȥֽŪˡ
ӵĴ˵мΪæǰ濪·ʣӣʲô֡κΪʵһžۣҲͬү˵˵ԴүݣҲ˵һɫȥܹܹһõǰ̡¾ͽȥɡ
Ʒ٣ǹٳ¹Ϊļūڹٳ߶Ҳʶ˾ǲٹԱЩӰüˡ
һҡͷ壬ΰø͵һлǵȼү˵
ԭӴﰡ˵ͷӴ㣬Ҳæȥүҵ˵үǱߣŹȥɡ
ӣǣŵнŪˡ
˵䣬̧ͷȴӰ
һæӽ첽ǰȥǻȥſڵš
˵Ҳ֣ǿһͷͲˡ
ӸղŻ⣬Ӱ̾Ϣһ壬⻹ͬȶҵﻹȰ
ʵ̫࣬ϰżſڴ֡ϵͷüãҲˡ
żԱߵľ¥ﴫһĺСһƣӡģûԾƳˡ
æתͷȥͼһ¥λãһȵͨ졣
ϰ˴Լ̲ˣѳԵü˵ס
ȻѾˡ
æ߽ȥ磬ˣղôʲô
ӴһЦҶɶˣǮ;Ϳڵ
ɩأҲ͵һ𣿡ʡ
һӹƱݹľƺҲУźغһڣȻسһڳɩӲˡ
ȥһ̲סʡ
ûûأһǮˣ뵱ýˣҲûӡ
˵껰ʲôһŶӣʣӣڻڸǸɵӡ˵ɵʲôǰ;ⲻҲ䵽ˡ
ӣɵӣأ
ڷŭˣסڣ˵ʲôأǿǶӴķϣһȭ㡣
һŭݺͿģһһղسŵ˵Ļʱ;ˣλүҪлú˵𣿡
λǡһʶӡ
Ϊ塣ӻش
Ŷһ˵ͻȻ䣬һϸˣͷӵؾͳһͷϼƣǮȻԶʳТӡ
ԣСϸߣһС͵ͷҲͨ죬ȭͷһϺݺȥ㻹Ծˣ
һСĳ˼ǣʱŭٴҿˣҾͳԾƳΣ취ŪԵģͶˣѵҾͲܶԵ㣿
ԭ˾Ƕӵĸĸһ͵͵Ծƣʱŭˡ
һڶʱŤһţû뵽븸ĸ棬ǾϲǱ
ҲžƷһ˾Ŀ࣬Ҳ˵
ڣ̲סһˣˣ磡
˶Ѿǿôޣæźӡ
ǡӣȻ㣡ϳŮ
æҪȥŮĸס
ԱߣȴеӴ㣬ɣ㲻ܰǵģ͢ƶȡ
ԭ״Ԫ֮󣬸ЩԼ벻Ķ飬һʥּҪ˸ھ
񣬶ǹ٣ĸȻǲܰݵġԹٶⲻһ粨
ֻεֱӡ
£ӵĸڷЦʲôˣŮ쾭壬ʲô£
Ǹʵˣʱ˵Ǻҡ
һæֺõؿһۣǳ⸸ĸҺʲôλϻµľүﲻġ
ӵɫ䣬Ҿүˣ˲С˹ͬǼƽϡ
ߵæһߡ
ӱǸشﱧӣԸĸ˵磬ҶǿҲǵֶӡ
ӵĸĸÿеĺһۣͬʱʣǫ̂ˣǮûУ
ӣղѾ˸硣
ĸףɥѾһûԷҪˣ
æ壬ϵͳ


409 ү
˯Ѻĵ̨ݳǡ
ִᣬйĵ֮һȻɽУɾȴȵȫǿ֮Сݡ̨ݡݣǿǳ̵ķˮء
ʱ̨ݻԵüªǸ̨Ҳֻ൱ںһͨũҵسǵĹģ
ңǰ֣غص񶼳̨ݳӿһĳԵҡ
ϣ̫ʹűӣס̾ϢĳǸ¡Ͽ棬ʵеĿ˭֪ͬһҨʳʱŴһ¶ޡۼҵҲ֪ʲôаúöڹŲ𣬷ʵôڱҲðͷˡ
̫Ǹˣգھͱ߶Ūͷ۲ѡ
кЦ̫ȻиͲˡʵҲĹҹԱٳиϰһҲȱ̫ȻھгЩͷɵطϵĺôȴܱģԣһֵڹﰾһ
һ죬ƽһǿ۽硣ݼֲ̹ܾÿս۶ɻᣬһж˽ʿݼҾǸͷðĲӣһŪǮҲһһ㣬ʱɫɡ
ЦЦιĸְλˮ󣿡
̫ͬڽӴգտʼʱΪɵѣлη塣ͷʿ̫ͬˮݵƣôһشҳӵԡ
û뵽µ״ԪʿΪ˲ǳ˵Ҳ׵ÿԣǶθڡ
̫ش˵ˮϾֱ̫࣬ƹϾָ֮صľȨ⣬Ͼ֯죬ÿ꼸ʮеģǸ˾̫඼ΪˣϾ̫Ǵ˾ǵ֮
Ŷԭ
һ˵Żһڳš
ʵڲ񻰣ı磬ģѬ۾
ڽɨһ߻ӶŲӣһߴŴûרŵĻˣɨֹۼΡۻ˰ΰһרܡ
Ʒٺһ̫æ͡
ʱ򣬼ʿ׷һ׳һ˾ͽ˰ڵϣȣ·
ԭǸץˣʵŷ򡣡
ſޣүһаʮĸҪ׽ȥȫҶ𣿡
Ϊһʿŭȥģƭˡ˧Ҳǰǣһٱٲ㣬һ̣㻹ܵЩʹʹؼȥ
ޣȴ⣬һߡ
ò£⼸ݼ̹µʿ䡣
ڼʵңЩ̣ݼ̹Ҳ̫ʡǮˣǮԼȴ֪ȷʵˡ
̫ɫݣЦˣͬЩۼҿʮУǺˡȻÿս󣬹ٸᰲ˱ֵİաЩǲϺú׻ũ˾͸úöץǲԭܹвسɵطһ
̾Ϣһ׽ܣֻԽԽ࣬˲ʤˡ̫ղŵĻƫڲҹͬܵľжϽУҲԽ֮ΪΪһ顣
ƽҲһ͵ˣȴվüȡ
£˾ȥ֪ż̨֪һ¡
֮ڲ̫֣Իס
һصңھͲЩԾǿԼսսһη塣
գҶջʱӶǰӭӣȴˡ
֣һѾ߷˺ڣѾͷһæڵϣشүĻˡѣԼвˡ
ʲô˳ĵ飿
Ѿߣүүȥʰɡ
ôˣЩģæԺȥ
սԺӣͿͨһԼǰʲôҲ˵ֻסͷ
ڣôˣô꣬ԭĵˣˣл˵
˵Żȥ
ε֮һȴҲ
ǿпͷ̧ͷ涼ˮүСĸ졭졭
ôˣѵܡһݼҾȻȡһĴʤɢļңˣݼ̹ɳ²ѵǶǱܾˡ
ЩǺ飬ɶ
Ҳ֪ݼ̹ôģֻɱȴ˼һڿӦһնʾڡ
ܡүСĸ˾үһ٣һ·ϣүԼҷʹ
үҼүˣ˵ôûͷûԵģڴ档
ǣү֡
֣촽ϸһȦ룺ûֳǼеĶŮ
ǶӴĸ硣
ڳһ֪Ӽлиĸһ硣֮ԽڼңһԼڵĸЩǿӼ̰ͼҵӣͽŮ˹
ӵ˵Ըĸֳ㯹飬ŮһԹԡѪŨˮȴҲײġ
ԣβһ£йľǼиĸˡ
ȥϾ֪֮һΪţѾ֪ȥ˺δ
һ̨ݣˡǰƭ˵̨ݣӻ˼ֵ÷ǳ졣ȴԼѻ죬Ȼ˵ˡ
˵ͷ涼ˮģնӴ˵֣ǴүҪȥ侣ǵʱү˵ʵڲūһʱͲסʹ˾үһǶ⡣
̾Ϣһɫ֪һ֮ˣҲãܹöִ˵λô˵±ض³δؾĹҲ㡣
վûڲ
ڣȥӣ¡
æ߽ӵסһȥں˭Ҳ
Ӵôˣ˭ˡڴ߽ȥѾ߳ȥ
Ϳŭǰһķơ
ڻˣžϲүˣ˵֣ûɡ
ڲöӵģЦӺɷʲô˵ˣݼ̹оǧڻţ˭ҵ
һԼؿڣҲǣʲôطݽоʻȫ
ڣô㸸ĸ͸ˣղ˵һ١һң
ͻȻŭʲôҸ磬ûĸ磬ʡ˵ջ𴦣Ȧͺˡ


410 ޳С
֪ӶԸ̰ͼӽΪūΪΪϵˣԲö˵æšʪݹȥװµӵӣ»Ҫϲ㣬ҵʧɢ˵ˡڹΣô䵽̨ģ
ӽëĨүҲǣѾӴ򷢵ˡ
򷢵ˣװɣڴɻôⶼһŮһܹɵó顣
ͬ⼸꣬ڶԼŻǺġǸ춹ĵŮˣְͰͲʵ԰ȴȳ˻֡
Ͼ֮ǰԼǰԸĸֳ˼֮飬Ѱˣôʹ򷢵أ
һʲҪŭûݺݵؽëڵϣôĸĸֳҶ忣ǰǷǵġ
ڼŭæǰסţϸο˺ð죬öӵŭƽϢŴе֪ԭί
ԭգӼŸĸֳʱ

ӱǸشﱧӣԸĸ˵磬ҶǿҲǵֶӡ
ӵĸĸÿеĺһۣͬʱʣǫ̂ˣǮûУ
ӣղѾ˸硣
ĸףɥѾһûԷҪˣ
æ壬ϵͳ
ӷԸִӻͳǮƱĬĬϡ
һۼ⣬һĿСͷ
ߣĸһŮҵǮТģƾʲô
һ࿪Ӷ㵽һߣһ߿ĿһЦôͳǮˣҿ˼ҵĶӣҪյġһǮȥкãɴˡһţһʮҵ죬󷽣
ͻȻ䣬ԴȥеǮƱҲӵĸһ˹ȥ
ԭղųһһֱû˵ͻȻһȭͷҵԴϡ
ȻЦޣ˵ʲôϣСʲôʱܹҸ㣬ӻȵöˣŮСҲһޣԼŵˣǲɵġ
û˵꣬ԱߣӵȴǮƱ˹ȥ
ЦСһǶǲõģͷǮǷͷȵ
ңӣǮң㣡
˶ʱŤһǽ¥ײöᣬСסУλ͹٣ˣˡ걾Сɾڰ
ʵ̫ǿҲסˣۣ޸ͣ
ĸֳʵڲһߵͨ죬ֻ޲õ϶ȥ
ҲŵĿɿڴŵӴ㣬Ҫֿ𣿡
۾˸ǮûУ
Щ
ͳҡ
ǡҲû٣ǮƱӼһԼжʮǮһݸӡ
ӽǮӷϣ߰ɡ
Ӵ㣬ⶼ㸸ĸˣ͡ˡ
Ȼذ˰ͷһ棬֪ҵԸѾˡǮȻ࣬㹻ǵǮС⣬Ҳܻȥ
ֳҳһŵĸĸ͸翴һۣ磬ˣԺǿɲҪôˡ
Ҫߣ˲Ű
ĸ׽һվסӣǫ̂ˣɵһ𣿡
Ҳͷڿɲɵӣ̨ݣһġ
ŶԭҲ񣬲˴󷽣ˡ
ԣ϶ˡ˾λүҲµûɡӴһָָ
ĸ׵ͷӦǵġһһֺãΪүգ

ԭүĸЦ֪үϻκְ
һʲݼ̹⽫ױӺߡ
ʲôӵĸ׳ĴЦеʣױӳǴ٣ʵúܣÿ¶ﻹʲôˣ
˾裺ʲô
Ϊʵ벻ô࣬ʵش𣺡Ҳû٣ӵ·ݡȴв죬ÿ¼еġȷʵڼ˵·ݶߣΪūڴճ£ȴܽӵŰһ˼ǧ
ֻش˵ҲûˣһŮ
ô룬شүˣҵѽôǮλù⣿һڶһ໥һۣĿȫ̰
ӴһõúܣӣҿҲɵˣү
ʲôӴһ¡
Ҳ޳Сˣ


411 սĻ
һͬСɣʱǸϺˣˮӣû뵽ϻ֮ˡҲֻʱͰ಻ס
ү˵ǣҾǸƶ֮ˡһûһ㣬ĵسһ֣Ҳûͬ˵仰
ӣ˵㣬Ӳ⣬˵ۡɵҵ䣬ܹûж漣ˡʲôã㣬绻ˡʲôһգǹƨ
㡭ӻڲ
ĸһĴȣǰӣһСȻ棬˵ö԰νֶ˼ҿûκιϵｫɵӣҪͼҲǸ٣ˣڵҲճ⡣ûɢɢưܵñǻ硣үҲ
̲ס
ӵĸɫһôˣ˵ôϻĴҲͦģɲɵģүĺ⡣ˣˡ
ԶԶԣôţֵҲͬ⡣ҼҶӵɫôҲү񡣡һſˮͷյǰүô᲻Ӱɡ
û˵꣬һһǶ鵽һ޳ܵ
һǶ֣߳ʱһڿնصˤڵϡ
һĻӴ󾪣ˣһ㣬ôˣ
һޡһ³һöѪݣӵ
ΪҪ֣ͬҲ֪æУ壬
ȴ룬һȴ͵عϣУүү
ӵĵҲŵɪɪ
⣬⣬⡭ãŻָԼһǶ⣺Ӵ㣬ԣ𷣡
Ӽ˵ĳ̬ٲȥ¼᣺壬߰ɣ͵Ҷûĸĸֳ
磬أˣǾ͵˰ɡԺǵúúˣǡǻǻϾȥɣӹڵϣͷȻͷҲصˡ
Ѿͷĸ׿ӺıӰôУʲôѽ⻹ҵŮʸһүˣѵˣ
Ǯʱ򣬶Ӹ׷ϵǮһ㣬۾ˡ
£ٲϻץͳȥ
ȵȵȣԶʳһ׷˳ȥ

Ŷԭ˵꣬ҡҡͷ̯ļƷĸ磬ȷʵΡ
룺ӣԺôǣ
ӣʲô⣬ɲûôĸ֣ԺǻҺθɣ
ڣҪ˽ǹ޲ǵĸĸΪŮǾһТİɣ
ȴˣҶӿɶˡǵΪǮѾһΣǹʲôóѼķˡүʲôݣ֪֪ҪҶ鷳¶
ڣʵڲУǻϾȥһ·⣬ܲǶɡ
ѾӣСʵڲУҲĶأġӷߺ޵߶˰죬̾ϢһհհգǻϾɣ̨ʵҵúܡ
ӵ춹ģվˡ
ڣãȥѰǣȻĵͻϾ
ӣȵȣү֪˴١򣬻ǽǽסүóеĹǿЦ
ڣʡãͷĺˡ
ȥѰӵļˣȴ룬һһҹ˾ͺƽʧһ
գûš
ֱӣǣոǶʮӡʡĵģǮҲ֪ȥңˡٵȼ죬ǽǮ⣬òȥңԻѰͷ
̾ϢһǾȵš
ӣүǸĴҪ
˵£ЩڻЩæ˵״Ԫˣ֪˺͸ص֪ȻҪݻᣬһӦꡣ
Ȼ󣬸ѧѧصʿҪݼԺѧʿˡ
鷳ǣΣоæݼ̹ڷǳ񶼻ͬ
ڶԾһϲֻͨܵͷǣȴ᲻мֵ
ˣ̨ݹգѾϣ뱸ݼҾҲϡ
ʮ𼱣һ£ȥݡ
һһˣˮ½·Ҳߵÿ졣
ʮվ͹ݣ븣ڡ
ٶڹŴν٣ݼ̹˵ΣһҲһʮ
ݼ̹ǲñǳÿһͳģͻֹͣо͵ذӪկկҲú̡ܼ
ٶȻڹŴƾף𳵵ڻЩͷ
ݼ̹߹ĦŴЩ˼ȴӸֵˡ
Ҳһ˸һݼ̹˵̨غҲ֪ʲôʱɱˡ㽭ûһȫһж
ңȥҲ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ܲܽһ˶㽭ܰɡ
븣ڣ羰һ䡣
ӵɽͣ·ҲС
ΪѾ˸ڣҲˮ½ͺһ·غС
ݼ̹˵ˮ·ߣܺͺйᣬŵ˰·ˮսս½һ·ƽƹȥֱӽܵϳˣ½û֮ء
ݼ̹о·ǴӷˮȻͩɽ졣
һ·ȻһȦȴΪΧɽأҲڵͻϮ
ڲõģɷ顣
ݼ̹⻹ЩĲţ˼ʫҲȦɵ㡣
дסͷǳ
Сʱˡ
Ҿ̸ͣ
ƻǩǺᡣ
⣬Ըƽ

⣬ԸƽʫҲ̲סڽкãݽƽܣʯΪǣں쵺ϡ
ݼ̹ЩͬڽύտʼֺãԵսսŷˣ״ԪûаĹٵĸ߰˵㣬Ϊǫͣеʱ˴۾
ʱд󳩣ĵ˹ȻǸûӵˣϷֱͬɾύ˵崺硣нʿĶ£ҲЧ
ݼ̹ȴ֪νĴʿͷζǿϮġʵһͨˣͬ˵ҲöԽ秵صʲô˵ʲô
ȴݼ̹Ϊ۽½нסж
طǵƽ죬۵ùꨣڵ︣աǰĸɽ᫵ɽ·
ɽ·Զ߲ƵأȷһɽǰͻȻһգһƬεĴʱڲ֪Ѿͷˡ
սĻ
ʱضţһһ󺣣Ȼڵϣҵĸ㵽ˣɱҰɣ


412 ˽ŷ
ӶӼһڣѾһˡ
ͬһǰȣһȴ׳ʵ࣬һίһɹˣݽȥҲ
ԼǾôյͶټݼ̹ӵĻʳҲ벻ѡ
̱šһܹӾͳһȥӪկѾˣͻϮͿ
һһӣһµشӵֺõЦ٣ôûţ
ﲻǣǰǺ졣Сñָָǰǰء
ûһɻؿǰ棬˿ֵʱŵ㣬ǳ˵Ҳ棬ˣ⿿ĵطȴԵЩ䡣
ǰ涼ǰããˮʲôҲֻԼ
һĻ˵꣬һ紵ˮʱɢˡ
ǰһƬĺɫ̲ӽǰչһֱ쵽ǰصһĵ棬ͬһɫĴţͨ
쿿½صĵطһ޴կӣɽȥԼܹկʿбķ⡣
һɱ
һһ̲סүǲ·һ𣬸ɴȥӪˣҲԶЩ
û˵꣬СپһǱӳʶǵطҲȥģҼҴ˧ϴˡμоʣ㹷ƨǵҲȥ
ԭǸղ·л򣬾ຣʮء
ʱͻȻУܣܣ
Ƕʱͻˣͬʱһܡ
ʿǴ󾪣ͬʱеǹӣʱ䳯ǳȥңңɱ⣡
ŴоµľըӪˣٳ˻ɱˣһ̾Ͱˡ
ǵĿ޺˽һ飬µꤵعɽȥ
һȻСȴǸӣȻ֪ôܣֻҪڵأֽŲһСϡ
ͷȥ˵ڵϣгΪ෭ɽ£һ鲼ڴʳٲһк
һСӡ
ǵͷȥͼһʯ棬Ǿš
һĵȥѰ𣬾ͺһԼذɣˡΪ
һĸ״ŭ治ТС
Ӻɷ˵Ͳ
û˾Ƕӵĵʹ磬ȴٽ˽ŷ
ǰӳһǸٷЦȻһȺСˣϵĲͳС治ТãսԽǰ档
𣬴үҵ״үɲһɫ䣬ҪģͻȻһ˳¶ײСϡ
Ӵҽһһ⧲ϵȥˤñס
ݼ̹ƽѵըӪԤʿռɢҵ˺͸ֻһʱͻָ
Ƭ̣ƥһƷٷĹ٣һȫףݼ̹˭
ˣ˧Сæڵϡ
ôĹ٣Ҳŵùȥٲ̧ͷ
ݼ̹üëһǳС٣ô£ҳܳ˻ȴ鷳ȴϡ
С٣Ǽܵկӣ˾¹ϣ뽫𷣡
𷣣ɧӪ𷣶־ȥģˣˣ
֪ݼҾ붼һ
Сңȴҧ˵һ仰
šݼ̹ߵĹٻڣݽɧҵĶٵûѵ˵ˣңȴղλûκΡ
ڣղžӿ֮ݼ̹һʱϵǰ̽Σ
ȷʵͬûֱΣ̲סݼ̹顣
ݼ̹ŵ˵ͷд飬¾ˡ׳лˡ
Ǹа׳ľмؿһۣæڵϿһͷллүл˧ɱ֮
ݼ̹һ˵㲻ȴܲսܣ˵һȥ
׳־ϲл˧Ҳȡ
ݼ̹µĻˣ̲סе˧׳ŪôһӳôȴҪȥȷ棬ƽ
ԣƽҪȷ棬Ҳϣ
̲סЦʿãݽ̳ĺñ
ݼ̹Цһӡ
һں¡ȥԶˡ
ݼ̹˿Ӱ׳Ŵӵվ̲סһã̵ģ벻ûпͷ˸ǰ棬ˬˬ
һ̲סչͷϴҵĴүղǸʲô˿죬㣬λϴ˭


413 ùһ
׳ͷһһۣﺲԺĹˣǿ·״ԪôҲʹϵȥģ
˵Ż̧Ҫ
׳һͷŵһͷһӵĵæϵҾүʧķˣ⡣
׳һҿ˶ĪûһǺˡұһ˵־˵Ǵ˧ױӳɻأ浱ɵӡôǻǸʲôү
⻰˵һ˵ڣһڶߵһͨ졣Ǳٽŷ͸ʱͶһæ֣ϣܹȥһЦ˵ݽױиûһĶӳ
ضгΪһЦŪ˼ǣЦʣǲȥүˣŪϴûȤ
׳ڼȵ˷УЩһȺЩǺ˾ȴǷ̩ҵڽ⣬ð̰
׳ãһСĵүǰ棬һսϵۣΣյý˶㶼㲻˼ȴϴգС˿ס
׳ЦһݼҾûеСΪ˶ͬһ
ǣǣүǾתӵά
׳ʲôתݼ̹⽫ǣҾһСʲôҲսϣԽԽһֵʵҲûʲô˲ġȷ沿ӵװһһĺãסϵ񹭣䵽ϸƵġеǷףҲǺް취
׳Խ˵Խ˷ܣסش֣ܺж϶꣬²࣬ǰģվеĹأһнɻȽʣˣֵõֵܡҪйͣҪʵʵݣ˵
ʾүǰ棬ܵöٺôӵĸǮ֣̲סʡ
ûµ˴Ӫ֪ж٣׳̫һۣϴ㽭սʱҲǰ棬һս˴˧ʮʹ͡ΣôҲܵøüٰɡ
ݼ̹ͷԾͣʿ쳣źҲݼҾսǿԭ֮һ
ô࣡ӵĵһүֻһ̣ϿɾͷˣܹܰҶҲȥҲ̸󣿡
Ҫһɫס
ӵҲ˵ãֶԶ˵һҶү˵ˣһ̴ûʲôΣգͷĵȥɣҲΪﲫЩײı
һŭǺò£ɱˣûǵĹײı׬Լװײȥˡƨ£ӲŲأ
Т˭ǰӣǴ㲻ɣӵĸƿڴ
һŤһţ׳⼫ƷŪͷ̲סȵʲô֣ãʹһˣҵִоˡ
ӴҪһһүҲξ
˾ǸݼҾɲա׳ٺЦţүҲҪؼǰ𣬰أ߶ôһæżסЯˣͰͶظ̺Űɡ
һ׵øȻǸǲҲóǰ壬ǲҲ״
ΣʲôûС
죡һص˵ϡ
Ȱ׳ЦԶһŶŸ׾ʹ㡭ɰѶӸˡӹȻˣҲͲ𣬴ʲôǻ
ӵĸʶԼ˵˻ګګ֪ŪΪҲǺͿġ˭ûʹ˼ҿأ㷽ŲǸʲôϴˣôᳶ棿ҿ»ԹԼ
㻹ԹˣһŭӲ˶ʮ˾ȥĳˣӣôŪ
ǣǿǶʮ㹻һˡӵҲ
ӵĸ״ŭˣˣˣǮʱǿɱһˣȴ
ץһ
Цһ߿֣Ȼ󷢳ȲʺͺôЦ
˰죬˶ûŴڵϡ
ãһץͷ૵ǸϵĹˣôô졣
￴˭졣ӵĸ״
ǣǣܾЩ⡭ɵӡ
ǰϾͶӽҵʱһԶԶؿһۣЩӡ
ӵһĭ¹ȥΰɣɵϻô˹ˣǰЩǱ֣ڻôҡ˼׳㱻סˣãǧ򲻸ãȴҺҲǣȥôͣǧ·ûǺõˡ
ŴʲôãóԺúȣģ۵ˣôԶ·Ҳ۽粻ǣһ£һһջڵϣľǸƭӣжСӣǽϣҪÿ
˵նӺߺ󣬶ӵĸ׳źͶӲע⣬ǮӾܡ
ĸ׺ʹοϸɣæ׷˳ȥ
ȴӸȻһͣȴãȻܵÿӰӡ
û취ֻȥѰ
ҵ˵ʱڶĳ棬ʮֻʣ
Ȼһӣɾþôˣ˵Ǯô죿
ǣĸӶ˽ӵĸ׸ϵһַ
ҲʣǮˣϵ强Ҳȫ˽ȥ
һеرĳ˳
ͷʮ㹻ĶϺˮɲʱͻΪУһϷһΡ
Ȼջ͸໥˵ߴŴɷɷڴһȫС
Ȼΰ۸ˣһ٣͵һ飬񣬺ܺãݽ˺͸ˡ
ǣһһˡ
ץ˶˲Ż񡣻æģ˵ү֣ǿݼ̹⽫µױӳүݣˮ
ݼ̹ױӳݣҲΣͽȥݼ̹
ʱݼ̹ľѾʼᣬѾвʼΣҲû취ԣͽ˴ھóԺúȵأһ¡
˼գڻһһ飬ޣݼ̹⽫ױûĶӳüһƭӶƭݼҾͷˡúúãضӵͶ졣
һ·ǧ˼ӸĸһͣûôΪѡһڵùꨣ۵Ѫ
Ҳݼ̹ľӣݼҾĹǳ㣬ָģ׷ԣûջܼһλȡ
ң˼һ˵ˡֻҪܣ˽ɻǻйǮá
ӣֻһˡ
˵껰һԼҪ׳һսϾͲ
Σǵù͸ˣ


414 ʺ
ݼ̹оӪ
˵ʵҲһ׳Сֵ֣ʯ̾ͣߵķҲǳСʯɣﱤƵģ͵ĸغʽ
ΪС棬Ե쳣ӵ
ܲãļ¾쫷磬ˣһֻ¾˿ɫݼ̹ɫЩǡ
ͬ¼٣׳־ͬ߼ǶԵ÷ǳ֣ء
оݼ̹һ仰ͬʱͷ
ݼ̹ӣٳս۵ľУȻþ£ȴҲ֪ʿҪԡ
ЦЦôˣκ󶼲̫ߣ˵ϵܡǲһǧ裬ǿһˣһ·ƹȥҲǣ
μȴ̾Ϣһ˵ˣ⵺ϵȴǳѲͬǴô꽻ģҲ֪ǵȺ˵Ǵһʲôݵģ⵺ĵط⺷νɽˮ񣬴Ҳ쳣⺷
ŶǾݵģٵҲ˵ڵ˵ͷձľǹŴǽݺͶĹضǳĵ
ݼ̹⻺죬һǧܶսǿǼѪ̵ؼռ˵
ߵǽǰָָǽϵһŵͼҿ̾ں쵺ϡط뺣խĵطֶǳ̲ôֻҪǳˣֻòսǣ̲ȴһ׮洦ÿ糿˳ˮϥˮֱϮ˴Ӫǣ̲Ϳȴȫ࣬һȥҪס򡣵ϣˮһҲû취ˡ˳ǳֻĸʱҪĸʱռеܣѶȿ֪
̾ϢһΪռܶԺñɳľӣܼƲȴһˣسҲΪܵıսԣսؼһ֡ĸʱ֮ڼʱбͶ͵ϣȴһֵ˼Ĺؼ
ĸʱܣֲɵӣҾˮ
Ϻдڰɡ
ʱҾݽУ鷳ˡ
㲻Դڡ梁͹ɧţҾҲû취ڱгȥʢʿ
еĸ߼սĵһ¾ǿΣΧĵѾˣһ鲻ÿеĹͷ
ֵʵڲ󻰣̫һǰ
ݼ̹˧ѾˣѾսˣҪϣûҲҪϣĵؼĹؼ˳ͨﳤ̲Ϳһ飬ʲôýʿڳʱݽϡȥ
ǣҶԽʼ⡣
˵측ţɴ̲Ϳϼţֱȥ
ܿͱˣŲǲԡ̫ʱ䣬һʱҲҲôϡ˼ֲǱں̲Ūô󶯾϶ɱɧšֻһ棬ܷѼӡ
˵ɴװĿڴףҲôڴ˵Ҫﳤ·ö󹤳̰
˵硣ݼ̹ϵɫŨȻҲ벻÷ӡ
ʷϿ֮սļ¼ȻʷҲ仰ļ¼ݼ̹˴̲ͨͿȴ˵÷
£ڹһЦȴף˵˰죬һ֡ʲôӣĸʱһˮһǣǰ׸ɡ
ô˵֪״Ԫע⣬϶һϲ
ڣڿսʱʿÿ˱һݣһһ棬ֻҪվס˾Ϳˡһˣһݣѵϵȥ
ãһ룬ͬʱˡ
ݼ̹ҲһϲһϣȻ״ԪҲҿС
˳羴Ŀ⣬΢΢Щ⡣ʵӱݼ̹ģֻǰһ˵ѣȻݼ̹˼
ݼ̹͵վ˼ƾɳռݡҲȥ߶һµطٸǰæݡ죬һ磬˳֮
ǣڽͬվ
ʱ洫һƬɳɳ̧ͷһ
ü˧ɲ̫ðֻºдˡ
ݼ̹ȴЦ𣬺ˣϵû취ñҾ۶֮Ҳ
ҲһЦʿܡ
Դռݡݼ̹ҲȥҸݵ֪ݰæ
ֻʣں̫
ڶ磬ĵҲ׼òˣ׷׻ݼ̹⻹û
ں̫оϼĿȴүֱܶнˣŵ˵Ҫү
˭ֲԤС
ʹ޴ˡ
ڳһףҵģ˾Ǹʺ


415 ͻ
ڣμҲɫһ䣬̲ס⿴ȥˣԵ˰ɣ
üͷͻȻ͸ССĴȥǰһƬȫǺ¡ˮĴ˽˵
ϣݼֱ̹ܶŽƣôľжݼ̹Ҳ֪˺ܵġ
ڿϵأ͢ƷʣԾƶ϶˹ͣξжġ
˵Ҳ֣ⶼ¹ȥˣֵܻĳĬ
ڵʱҲЩţºվ
ִսһ
ȴ룬սҪ죬ľˡ
µʱ򣬿Σδ̫áܹȻ޷ۼߣݼҾҪ˳ǵȴҪշЩۡ
һжڼƻС
ΨһıӦþˡ
ģʲôˮ͵һ첽ſȥǰߣΪڵˮ粽ҡ
Ӻڶӵȫˮרһڣ˵ķֹвͬ
ȴ룬ˮһߵſڣһžͱ˺ݺݵײˡ
ưô걻һ͵˽ˮһ
еļյ͵Ҳ˲Ϩǽϡϵĵͼ÷
æֽס
˺üˣ£ϿŶ̵Եþ
Ǽɷ׵ݼҾʿ
Ϊ׵ģҲ֪ôϵ·ȫ࣬ˮ˳ĺ벻δ
ˮˮڱһϣ
ţļһʣˮܵ䵽ϡ
һ־ͽŹϣ⼸ذסŴһطڵϣں̫ΧУϬؿ
ģ㲻ԵôоãΪ̫߲ƣ־ŭɤӺ
ˮβӣһݲԾߣ˾衣
аԽпࣺ֣ͬѪ𣬸ղ˿ҺʹүĿɱֻһԲϾͻֻղͣҶǼѪľǲ壬ƴЩˣҲɱȥҪ뻤ôүȫֻ¡գүҶأˮվͽһٶｻˡ
ȴֻ̫࣬óĿ⿴ڣˣ
ھϣ޴ˣôӺݸһ·ࡣսڼ֪޴£
ĹһЦˣںһ˵һʫڣµһʫǰֽ̡
ҲЦɳ֮ϣʫɣ˿գ̡
ã׷һԸɸ󣬰ͷꡣˣʫķۣ֮𣬼Ͼǵ⣺ˣ޴갡
ҡͷͨͨúܣڿʫҲǲǿ⡣
ŶѲɴЦ
ȴ磺޴ˣʲôרΪݼҾչɣ
ҡͷ㲻ǾˣҲͬϻݼ̹ҡ
ݼ̹ڴˣλˣֿˣݼ̹д˽Ŀ⳯Χʿɨһۣȫװɱڣνİ㣿
һɨĿѩԴͳ˧ϡ
Ǽһʿûһסͬʱһ
ڿͷϻƣȻ˵á
̫ݼ̹Уݼ̹ãƷСĺ񣬿ϳȥˣ
˭ңҿǵ˺þġĴȣݼ̹⣬Ϊ㣬̨ݾ鲻õĽƣ
ݼ̹ˮվڴУղϵģºЦȻܶơ
ãݼ̹£Щ⣬ֺʣݼ̹⣬㣬̨ݾожǲǶ֮ܶУ
ݼ̹ɫùһ֣ȻҪΥ
㣬ôµôãݼ̹⣬ôӣɫɭȻԵЩ
ݼ̹Сģ޴ˣⲻ˵˼ղǰս£ʥġ¹΢ᣬֻ¡
ڼݼ̹˵Сη֡ݼ̹ҪԼڶϲһѫģôľ³԰ɲΪˡݼ̹⻹ήжȻΡ
Ҳ˵ôؿ֡
ˮ̲סһݼ̹⣬㣡
ȭͷ
ʲôղڴٶս£ɴȴʲô˶һֵģν⣬ܡʲôʱôод˭ָӣһľĲмؿˮһۣȻǲǡ
ݼ̹⣺ˣô˵ĩǺܶľȻǲΥġ
ĺһоӵĹأӼȻѾˣ̻Ҫġô˱Ҿٱڡôȴ˵㡣
˵꣬ʹҡڵߵ¡
̫ࣺ󵨣һƷ̶֥һĹ٣ƾʲô
ؿ̫һۣҵ鶼ϣסڣҾ飬նʾڡ
һһѩǰһվ̫ߣݺݵؿȥ
̫౻һƣ
Ҳ˵ӣΧס
˶޴Ͼ
ͻȻһĽ쾿ʲô˵Ϊ
ݼ̹ҡͷ޴ˣαأҶΪЧ𣿡
زˣ뵱ѣˮòסõӵĿ⿴ݼ̹⡣
ļѾױԼסˣдΪ⣬͵شһõĹģþʮƣݼ̹
ݼ̹ڡݼ̹ߵǰϥ¡
Ĳŷ⣬˹ȥ̨ݾָʹݼ̹⼴̽жģغʻֱܶ飬ܡ
ݽɣĳ
ݼ̹ӹţͷ˰죬ŵϵӡǶԵģôݼ̹ͽӽ޴˺ˡ
ʲô̫࣬ˮҲ̲סݼ̹⣬Сˣ
һ·ϣݼ̹ڼ֮Ϊ£ϿڽáȴͻȻöʼϲ
ݼ̹·δţУͳ˫ŵݸġ
һץס̲סЦ
ֻҪ֧ӣʲôʱ򣬴ʲôģ˵㡣
Ӷ϶˵ȥġѲͬҲ˺ü꣬۽òµҲûʲô档
ҲӴһ̣Ȼ˱ˡ
ڣûбҾͲܷʲô


416 ԸΪǰ
Ѿ׵صˣ̲סƵĿ⿴һۡ
ߵˮʱûӿһޣãڣӽ͢ղû취Ҿ֮УҪµļūȴ֮¡
ˮѾŭӶҪĳۿˣȴһ񵭣˲豭еغһˮ
ûһݣڣԵ򶨣ԣ϶ԡ
һĪĲĵ̧ͷһ⣬ͻȻͣˣҲûݼҾʿ
һеľв΢Щ
޴ˣҿݼ̹վ
ʲôʶ̧ͷͿݼ̹ȭͷԼ̫Ѩһ
ͬһȵĻдڹȥǰһڣ͵ȥ
Աߵڿףݼ̹⾹Ȼڵʯһȭĵ̫Ѩһȭͺ˵ĸĦȴڼȭֻһоҪĵ
޴ˣôˣ޴ˣˣ޴ͻȻεˣݼ̹ͻȻһС
һļͻȻһݣ
ݼ̹ͻȻһѳϴ멣һѶ̵Ӹˮ֣֮
˵УѾһ˳ȥв֪ʲôʱ˼̹˲ϳһСǹ
һͽһ˵Ķͷɱڵء
ȻһУһСǹֳһһ˵Ĳϡ
Ĺһʡ
⼸µǸɾ䣬ƯͷƤ飬һʦķ緶
ˮĿӹ̵ҲһգǹȻ洫ǹݻ²飬ˮգݼ̹⣬ֻҲ˼С
ʲôݼ̹лǹһһƯĴԲһ˵ݹĶ̵ס
ǣˮǰһ壬һе˵ѣγʱʵѪһͷһ
ɾСӵղݼ̹ȻһЦǹβһתõ㵽һ˵ĺͷϡ
Ѿһˣ֮һʹ࣬˵ӣסӴ󲽳ȥ
ˮοϷŹҪȥ׷
ݼ̹һǰСǹһе˱ģͬʱ˸ͨ͸
ˣĵת۾ͱݼ̹ɱ˸ɾ
ٿϣɾÿһѪԱȻѪˮ˵ոС
һս˵ʵҲͶ̶һ˲תضʬ塣
̫ǽǣ˻ߵش
ݽգôˣɫҲЩףȻԤϵݼ̹ԲôĽȨģ϶ֶΡ
ȴ룬ݼ̹ȴ˱ң󳬳ڵԤϡ
ݼ̹Ե򶨣Եͷ˹ȻǸ̩ɽǰ䣬ǸֵġЦݼ̹ԷѾ˺ܵļɡȨȥȻ˺ݣܶеһַҡֻ£ĹȥҵĽ
ɷؼ䣬ôܹ׸
һôʵһ˱ܺϵεȥݼ̹Ͳܹ֮ӳ죬Ϊ̫վһ½̳ϵǰ̣ܵĳţֻһ½
½ԶЩ
˿״Ԫ綼Ϊġ
Ϊ˳ϣǸˡ
У壬ۼŴսڼΪɽܹһޣ
ܻҴֻ꣬Ҫܽݼ̹˵İΣҲֻȷһߡԺ飬ȴһ˵
뵽İ
󣺡ˣĴͻȻС޴ΪΪһƬģӧɱУΪˡ֮
ߵ̫ߣ𣺡μϽ޴˵Ĺдϱ͢
ǡ̫ڷֶղȱʣֻд˼֣ī֭ͽһ
ǰȥӹ̫ıʣӣһҪд۸꣬յξʵϱӡʥ϶ݽһûк³
ݼ̹ɫһϲ֮ɱģһĲԸⳡܵĻҲڶģںԣԼͶ״
񣬿ǶĶˡ
һϣʵȻֹġ
ݼ̹ΪΪ
ǰҵ£Ϊ²Ϊ𢣬ֻ塣дӣվ湰˹ֻ֣Ҫܹܣ˵ʲôأɼ
үݾţմսˮԸΪǰ
ʱһ˳ˮǱүʤԸΪǰ棡ֳô󶯾ݼ̹ױҲˡ
ԸΪ˧ǰʿ䶼ݼ̹ǰ


417 ̨ݾ
ɫ
ţǺŴ죬ȫװӪгں̲гΡ
һޱ޼ʡ
ݣ쵺ء
ʱǴξʮһʮ
վںߵһ̨ϣȥˣǱ׵⡣
ľڼߵĸߵϣ率ᵶìȼĻѣǧս򸨱һιģӴɱڵݼҾ
Ƕϵս֧֮һǴ˵Ľ
վݼ̹ߣĳ糯ǰ濴ȥ컹ûȫˮûȥһ꣬ˮĻź̲
˳дԼʱΪڰһʱ䡣ɴ۾ȥ޷ֱǰԶĺ쵺˽ֵȺǰȴһеĺɫ
΢ЩԴӺҶ꣬Щӵĵ˶Դ㸣İշСʹ߿ʼ񣬴ССս֪ٴΣҲ㵽˳׽һ⻼ʱˡ
ڽϵľӪܱѹڸ㽭խĺϣܵʵϣ̫ܲ࣬һҲһǧˣǺֻҪǰһɵˣȺףһƽ
ۼսҪȴˡĳ˵ܶԹ͵ġǣΪһһɵ˽ܶôʧˡ
ȻԸɣɣ
ϣΪݼ̹ԼϧܷϧɱŵĻģⳡսӮøɾ䣬ֻ»û취ξˡ
Ŀ䵽ǰСһľСУֻۣսһ԰˰Ӽֱ;ǣ
һӵҴʿѱն׼죻һǱݵĽݱ
ɱһıûʲô˲ڲݼ̹ԼϵģӺɷʹһŹģеȻҲ֪ɱıȻ׼ŭԣȻֳϵıǣһӮˣһðٺá
ôһжˣΪƽ⳯磬֪ξʵ۸㲻ûԼ
۴һ濴Լ䲻
Ȼ֪ʵʷϣһǿǰĴݡ
ڻЩģȣʷϵĺݷڼξʮ꣬ʮһ꣬һжˡ
ŵɽ𺣵ĸϵ˶ǿһ֧򣬸ߴľãΪľǱ书һۡ
˵ǶϹˣһ֮ԴĲ֮ݼҾ֯ôһģǰսۡӮˣ㲻á
νսǶĲ
ԣˡ
ĵĵδ̫ƽ
֮£ڵĸʲôأ
аƽ
ʱǰĺƽϣͻȻһ˿԰׵Ĺ߸
ǰһбȴˡ
Ѿϣں̲гһһ
ɳ̲ȥкչ
飡һŻ죬ղŻֵĺ̲ʱ
˼žͺһֵͻȻ˵硣
еͬʱͷת̨ǵͳ˧žʦˡ
ˣ
ͻȻֵһĻ˵ͻȻڱһ㼦Ƥ
δ׳̫籡ôðͣһͣڱⳡˣơʿ¡еʫ䡣
սݼ̹һæǣƥ׳ɹܹ
ݼ̹һɭȻˣһʱͻ˳ʦˣʦ
ʿڵϣ
ڵͷãΪղʿΡ
ǣһԾݼ̹һ˺гȥ
ڶ߹ιϵĴۣһѪкһȼա
ڳһСָǰĴ󺣣þȫ󺰣ǰʲôң
죬죡ͷɽХ
ǰʲô
ܣܣ
սɿسһֵ֮Ĺ
ʲô
̨ݱݼҾ
Ǹô죿
ɱǣ
ɱڴУ춯صĸ
ĸ˶һ侭̨ݻ
ںݼ̹ôһһȥɤҲˣѪҺҲˡ
ڣһ˳ˣ
ɱɱɱɱͬʱһź
ʱںݼ̹ͻȻ󺣱ȥ׷˳˻ھ뺣ߴԼһٲĵطվˡ
ڽָ߸߾𣬵ʿǰþ𣺡սۣؾܣǬϰ̫ƽսҺݽʿͬڡսҪ²̨ݾ
䣡


418 ζ
䣬ĹٴĴͳ
ٳĹͳ˧
òӡڡﴫͥг꣬˭ǽʿپӶƷΪࡣ
ˣԺѧʿղʹһУȻس֧ϵͳ˧ȻڶԾһϲ̻ͨݼָ̹ӡ
ҪľǼʿ
ˮۿɼٶȥĺ̲ڽ쵽ǰͬǰĵһ
ǰʣֻ̫ϡܹܵʯͷɵİǽľդ̲ôĶܲϵĵˣź磬ԼӵĺСڵϰǽ
мڵ˵ӪȻһһŻѡ
翪ʼһ̼ζǺȡ⣬ڿԼ䵽ϵĵӰЩ㲡
췢һ£ⳡսʧˡ
Կʼˣݼ̹һ֡
źս͸԰ΪСַ̲ϳȥһرһݡ
̲ܵʱͽϵĵڵϣȻܻȥսλá
һԵþֲ赲
˳ʱ򣬺̲Եƽйеĺ̲ûɳӣǺɫࡣô˫һȥó˲԰ӡ
ŵһǰȥཥѾܹû˵Сȡ
ͨһŲȥϰܰγʮ۵˴Ŵ
ٶݼ̹Ͽ˰죬ЩͷСʱˣ̳ȥҲףͷ治֪һѴѹǰ͢ɳô֣һذˣݽôûκζѵôؿһ·ƹȥ
ںؿ˿ܷ
ݼ̹⣺ԶܵԶ̱̲ﵽսӦ÷һءһǧܣйвļٺսܾأСɲӳ͵оƣֻĸʱֻҪĸʱһ̣ܾӮˡ
ڶԹŴľǳ棬ʵݽ㹥ϵȥҲ޷˸սǡ
ݼ̹֪λûдЦս˵ףɽǽսҾȻ졣ռҲһգ׼ˣٹòҲ֪ḶҾҲǧսѵľ񣬾ġңҲһǧྫʿʿĻһսֻҪˡνһٶߣ˥ĩһò£ԺҲôˡֻ˱ûһ»ָˣΥܶɱģһµʱ𣿡
ҲоԣȻ򣺡ԭˣܽˡݽʲô
ݼ̹⣺Ϊߣʿ䣬Ϊ֮ʡȵ̵ϣݼ̹⵱һϵȥں󡣡
ڵͷ˿Ҳֻܵˡ
ʱһСʱһСʱȥˣת۾͵㣬ǳСʱģ
ʱ仹𣿡Ҳ֪ʹٴΡ
û̫Ҳû취չ죬ȫƾ²⡣
黹ǰһһ档
ǽŲʿǵĴϢ
еͷͷˮ˴󺰣á
ĸϡ
ݣﻹҪӵ㡣
ݼ̹⿴æҵĺ̲οصͷһֱչ
ҲŵŴľΪѵĹϵһ򲻺á˵Ķ飬ؼһС̲ϣҪȵýоݣæңȴκ˶ġƽռ䣬Ҳ֪Ҫٹѵ
ɴ˿ɼݼҾսѰӸ߳һ㡣
˵õ̵سϵȥǰľӦò벻Լɡ
ܿ죬ԼףԼĽɫС·ǰ
лһһ׷Ƶɳ̲ʿҲͣ£ץһ׷һ߳һ߳ǰܡ
ˣ˧緹ˡһСĵѡ
ݼ̹ڶû˵Ҳû˼
ʱ򣬡¡һԶڵĺǰڵϵı·Ҳɢˡ
һ飬̧ͷȥկһ
ǵڷڣȻܵȻ˻
һ̲̫ô򡣡ݼ̹˵
ǰ棬һĻȣֳ
ǰһɧңŽѾӳܡ
ΣسĵݵŲ˱ôӵ£ˤҲ
˵ĻڻԼţҲ֪ʲôһССĻ֮󣬾ʯХŴջ䵽Уɽˡ
ʱĻںɱԣ塣
ڣȴûһˣǾһҡ
Ѿˡݼ̹⳯һۣȥʣж೤롣
Ƭ̣ˣ˧Ҿһ
׾룬Կܵģˡ
Ѿ˻ں͹ĸǷΧ֮ڣսʱᷢ
ݼ̹ȵǰ׼
תͷȥĺ̲ŴԼսٶศЩѾɳ̲һ磬ȵòͷˡ
ݼ̹鳤ʲǷ׷״󺰣żףżף
ǣǷ׷ߵ׸ս
ݼҾװÿԼʮǿһʹϣվϰ죬ֻ۵ˡ
δսģǰνԧҲòϣЩװʿһƽƹȥֱǰûһŵĵΪֹ
ڿ˿ԾԾԵˮ˵ͷʤˮҲżװɡ
ʵʷأһÿǰʤնһǧ༶ʮ˵֣ôκΣա
ЩЯҳϵĲ£ս¹ͣҲ뵽ǰ沿ӵС
Ϊ˭ǰ߶˰죬׼¶ϲͬʱлү
ߵ̫󾪣ˣǶȥˣ߿ûл˵ֲ̨ݾҪսġ
⻰һ˵ڣˮȴǲУιﶼݼˣҲҪҵ￴˴ƣȥɱʹ졣ɷ򣬵ɳҵڲһ⣬˶սˣˮɱ˼ܣһش˵һûУôˡ
ʤΪ˳ȣûүŵʱʤҲӰ߾˴ˣɱУҵı֡
ǣ໥æϡ
ǰʿ϶ףųìŶƣسǰȥͬͥ
أһʼͳ棬ֻûͷѾˡ
ߣԶһЩ˴һݲ԰ףͬ־սγĶԱȡ
ˮܽУһ֣ܿʧ˺С
ˣҪǰһ¡ݼ̹˵
˵Զֻ̻һأȻѾʼ棬ָȻҪǰơ
ڣҲȥ
˵̳ɵС·
꣩


ľ ϸ


419 ݱ
Է
챱Ǿû¹㣬ȵ׵ҫ۵̫һ£һת죬ܹΪ˱ӡ
ԷͺһƬճ֣ͨҹڽ٣һεڵ̫ںڰæµζȴϢ
Ԩ̶ˮѾȥһأȵý·𱻿һȵĹˮžš
һ̫ʹشеĻʯҲûȼޣԼϵĺˮ̫࣬ʪ˻ʯ¡
ȣΪ￿ˮȹҪЩȴˮϽǻơ֪ۼҾʦöˡ
˵Уһ̫ϺȻɫüٵСĻСס죬ôȵ죬ﶼһŻˣϸԴ򡣡
հ̫ôһȣȻЩˣ૵Ϊǰߵ£үһżϻǵҲŹʡֻϣڴ˿ЩЩӸˡսţȥѾС˰ɣôûϢ
ûǶ֪ȥǶٺܶñġǰһӣںݼ̹Ӽһ͵˵ѾѰܵԴ̨ݾȥоս
ʱѾȥ£Ǳ߾ȻûһϢ
̴ˣʤǰܣȴûаϢ
˵ϵսֻݼ̨̹ݾͺͷ̨ݾܣغʰⳡսȻ޹عˣȴشӮˣ㸣㶫庣̡ܣϲ˰صãĲױ
Ŵ˺ӵĳͨϷõķ٣Ԫ𡣽ϾйĲԴưܣǵ֧ôӴһ۹
Ҳʵʷϣһ˱ͼеðշ£ʤʵΡ
йڴ˺ӿͽϿϵѾΪһ壬޷ָҲ޷Դڡ
еҲģҲǼξڽս£ϧȡƵԵʡĴѾ׵ıˣΪԭ˴󲿷ֵľѿȻ˾޴ĳ֡
һ̫СֻûôףԷ߶꣬ͬҲ죬֪һˡͷֻûñʫһģǰûһֻ̣δܴӮ
̫һ̾ϢǰҲǵģô̯ôһֺõĲʹȻþ£öʱҲ飬ϽǼһ㡣һҪ򣬾͵üϵбر书һۡû뵽˾Ȼһ֧ƫʦððȻоսˣ˾֣
һ̫Ҳ̾һ˵˭˵أǣϾӿɶںܵϸϵԲ˵ġҲǣһ״ԪӽˣʲôʹںԺﰾʮзĲѧδزֺܰαȥðôһգ󳼣ԭҪġ
̫ɫȻʱѧʿʫұıضĿƷ£ҵȸɽֹôһʦϣĺ̡ԻʣԻȡ壬Ϊ˹֮£ǰ̶˲ˣϣкñ
һ̫̾ϢϣͻȻЩɣСöģõҶࡣǲˣû׼˻ӮҲ˵һ
СƵذ˰ͷ˼ξʮɹΧľΡΡүľǶΧˣȫµľӶûдӮˡǷƤµ飬ҲûоӸ͵ˣȴɼҴľѾεȵزȥϴֻ¡
Ǹ̫зƣ벻ҴľôǰһѾҴľ񶼸ûˡǱ䣬εˣ
ϦѾ׵ɽȥԼ̫ܵӰ죬ڵ
̧ͷȥȴǴƬƬĺƣٲǰǶ
̾ϢУͻȻһˮεϣ꣡һ죬Ȼ÷һ
ǵڶ㣬㡣
ˣСһæܵԱĻ
겻ȴԥ£紵һ˵֮Էص
쵽ˡ
ˣˣ̫ǵĵ͵͵ĺ
˭ҼӣһֻӻǱ߹öˣߵҲŲס
Ϊ׵һװ˾ϯ̫࣬³º顣
һƷװ̫࣬ƷͣȴףҲ֪ʲôͷҪ֪̫Ʒߣ˾ıǣ࣬ҲƷͷ
ºִƶǸӡ紵ƻҡҷ
̫ŵûɢͬʱڵϣ¹û¹꣬ūǸղһʱˣסг
ºͻȻһǴɣ˭ֵ
̫º󲻻ӣæվعĻС
º飺Сү𣿡
̫ࣺүƽԱ̺أ
º飺ôڸֵĸүֵ
̫ࣺڡ
ȥʮ𼱡ºǰн鴫
ǰߡ𡭡⻰һʳڣ̫Žһ⡣ƾһʣһٰӡ
ŵñĳһȺ
˵Ҳ֣ºȴЦǡȻ˵һ䣺ݣ
ݣ̫ˣ̫ͬʱһȦȴһȣϲ
̫Ҫⳡʤˡ
ɿܽе̫࣬º鳯Ǹ̫һЦιǧӸʦһ·ࡣ;Ͷ٣վЪϢһġΣⳡʤѾ˺ܳʱˣֻһ⡣
ǵģºߵǸ̨̫ݾι
һƣ룬㲡
º˵¹Ҫݼүҵ顣
߰ɡ
ȵξľſڣµúܴ󣬽ŵƹ⿴ȥ涼İߣؼͬһ
ƽ滺߳ɫ
ɵǱߣˡιæȥԼʵ̫˷ˣһǵͨ졣
֪ˣݱƽ΢΢һЦʾүھޣһﶼŰɡ
ºƽ֪ӣһ㶣ƹ֪ˡ
ȴЩ죬ͷһ
ƽһǰͽӵڵˣֻүҲҿ϶ռι˼ҴſԷˡշùɵ˳̺ţҶƬ̣ȸˣһȥˡ
ǡ
ͬº˵ⲻͬιɱֱվ£һƾƮɵ㽫ļһʪ
ƽаԵͷСھ꣬ҲЩģ˾ʱؾǴˡ
һ߹ͼܹ£ݣݣģնΣ


420 ϲ
һü˶ϱɫ
ƽ߹֣Ѿ˼ξ
һХӾд֪ʱڣ˷ǱҹϸҰƾڣʪؽٳǡ
ڵʫ
һļˮȻʫӦɶ˵һꡣϷ꣬񳯴飬ãǳãɣ
˴εڽУȴξϥϣͷϵɴڷз衣
˳紵ЩվסҲˣͷҲɢˣƽռɷǵķ緶
£˳Ӧûرܵģɽȴû뿪
ʱļ̫꣬꣡ڵϣһͷͻȻؿ£ϲϲ
Źˣɴ
ƽס
ξ۾䵽̫ϣĿ⾡ϲãô˵
̫һ۾ү˴ڴ˺ݼ̹⽫ȫʤʱңߺ쵺ܡնʮȱ²˰ࡣˣѾҾһɨգ˲κηˡĸȥ̾طĺǴ񣬲ñиǾ֮͡
˳һϻȻɫҲǸ֪¡뾩꣬ûڻʵ裬˳ЩӹˬͲԶˡߣܳԸҲá
벻ھȻȡôһʤ룬ڻʵĿеķصεȳ̶ȣú˳ֺּޡ
߹֣ȴΪʧ̲סһʮ༶նףϲ֡ղϴݣһΪն׼ǧءⶫܶ򣬲ɱˣʲôݣ
߹ôһǳ⣬̫Щ֣̿ګګʮūģ󣬲
ɻƽͳº黥࿴һۣȴЦһݰΪºء
ξҲǴϲһǰѾˡҲû߶ȣһսҪʵ򣬻ѯʲȷȷʵһʤڣ
߹Щ⣬ס£սҲвٽݱǼǧ򼶵նףȴҲýݱգںݼ̹ǲնİ٣ȴο󡣡
ξͻȻЦû꣬Լǲ׵ġƽͬ˵˵еĵ
ƽ߹һͷˮ̲ЦԾӵ鲻Ϥȴ֪Ⱥó£һж˵ʳ͢Ҫõʱͷֻһ͸鱨һսֻնһ͸ұһǧ͢Ҳ׵úܡһ㶼ҪһۡϴɹΧؾ˰£ܹն׶ʮɱȴһΪ˳͢棬͸˸һǧҲֹնİ٣ضģ򣬰ճ͢ĹشһۣʣʮȥЦ𣿡
ԭˣ߹Ŀࡣ
ң쵺ܹһǧͷܣնİѾ˲ġϣҲһǧսˡܾ꣬ܺɨʮسǣһǧˣֵϺü͢һ治֮սֻҪ˺쵺ϵܣҿ˵Ѿõ˳׽࣬˵⹦ʹ󲻣
߹Ȼ򣺡ԭˣ쵺ϲһǧնİ٣أܳȥͬȴ鷳
ʱ򣬹ڵϵ̫ŵ˵࣬һǧһûܵ˺ݼ̹⽫ˡ
߹ô£
̫ࣺظĻҾϵնɱİˡ֣ܲƲ׷׶ᴬӡεʵ̫󣬾Ȼ޷Ҿһѻдֻм·ӣҲҲ˲ô࣬׷ΣһؼףˮƵģ˻û𣬾ͳʣˣͳͳ㸹Ҳдݱġ˵㲻նףûȥ
ھ̫ʵˡξ͵վһӴ䣬һЦ֪ˣⲻնʲô㣿ǽʮҴñնһΡ뵱꣬ڻʵҲնװټǿǰݣһ򡣸߹گ飬گگ£ͬ졣
߹ľ£׹˵ǰҲټնףȵ۾ͱΪڻʵۣʵͬвʲôд˴ݣǱµ֮£ʵ¡گ鳼⣬ֻֻӦñնף
ξŻƽ΢Ц
ƽָ򡣡
ξЦسһһǰӵڵۣ޻Щɣܶǵõȷϣگݼ̹Ϊܱ٣нʿҲҪ͡㡭ϸһս˵һ˿һҲ©ˡ
ξָָ̫ࡣ


421 
ǣү̫Щƣ㲵ͻȻһ˿ɣգ̨ݾʿÿһݣһ·̹ȥտʼʱһж˳ȵһصĵطͽڵ̣ҲΪˣʱпܳ˺ݼ̹⽫ȷϡ
̨ݾиϰߣսٱǰһֵǣϡӵľ١ǣϡԣǰ沿һʼ˺ݼ̹⽫ֱӳ嵽ǰ档ūһ˺ݽȥˣǼûɴں濴֣ȻҲǰԱ
̫ӣξͻƽº鶼̲סһЦһĸ߹Ҳ΢΢һ̣ι׳
̫ĹоСˣû뵽ǰιмѪԡ
̫˵ڳ嵽һʱξһ̲סڳǰ棬һĹҲɱֱǺ֣ݼ̹⵹ǲõģϻոǿѰʮӽ
̫ࣺүģҴûУ׵ľȴȵģܵļ棬ͺտʼʱûдףһסϧϵĵʵʪһȣԵܲһֱӲ档ҲǷϴ󾢲Ž
ͣξںȲ裬⻬һĻһڲˮ˳ֱں˳ϡ
ҲЦǰôʿ䵽أȤ
߹Цι˵ȥ
ǣࡣ
ֽ̫˵ȥ񲻽صѪ׷ɵս

¡һ죬̧ͷȥһźʯӵϷڿлһƽֱĻߣ䵽̲ϡ
Լǵ̫ƽˮƮһϻֱӴһʿϣһС֮ûС
ѪĽʿҽһ˵ϡ
ͻȻһĻøǷ׷ſֻЩսسǰŵݡ
вڵ̾͵·Ϻܶ
һڣôʱ䣬ֻһʿɱ޵ýɶϵвȴǳ
վȺĩβտʼʱݼ̹⻹·ʵ̫խһһΪһ֮ݼ̹С
һڵʿֻʮʱɫɫһ
Ѫζȴûں¡ŴĴڶʵĵɱޡңֻڵеĿܣĴ󽱻ѡ
ȻȻڲͣڣɶһ˿ա
սãһŵɫҰסĻںݼ̹ɢˣ̧ͷȥϰ죬ſݼ̹о졣
ˣ˧أ⺰ڻͷһǼ̫ࡣ
ǰأι㲻ںǰʲô
ۼҲĳӣ˴սԹۣ̫Ҳȫʪ࣬ԵЩǱһȴһصףԵݡ
ſڵϵ򣬶µõ·ˮй̫ͨŭһͬ˵һ»סؽǴӵسߣſ
ʱ򣬱һ󳤳ţǺš
ڻͷȥһӴԼǧ˵ķ˳·ǰƽ
Ȼ֪ΪխݼҾһͬʱͶսֳֻܷʮӣһǧһǧ˵ݴν
ǰǧ˶½Ĳһֻƻһҡ
ҲʶԣҲϵؽſϵ͸ʹ
ʱͷĿһƬݣĹ˼ݷᡣ
̧ͷȥͷϵպһƬ
Сڵ㸡ͷһ٣Ȼɿ츩塣
ˣɰǧĸڴź
Ҳһ⣬ӿɲͭƤǣоˡ
͡佫УС
ڲҽУղŻ̲Ѿһ飬ضɫβڲ
ٶܣٶܣһȣеʿƸ߸߾ͷһƬͬſһŴɡ
ھͿһһм磬أ˳Ź⻬ĵУҲ
һݣԱ̫ʹ󺰣ˣû°ɣ
ڣû£ô
̫౾͵Сϰ׵ˡݼ̹Щ궫֣ȻûֱȴҲǴ̵ˣ󺰣ǰǰﱻǿɲӡˣ˴ס
һųһ۵ͷϡȻص׾˹жʮѹڲһ
˵䣬һɶġݣ˵ĵڶۼֹˣ䵽ͷĶϣᡱͬꡣ
ãһ֧˳Ŷ֮ķ϶ݺݵļ
һһСǷɽ
һͬʱʱϲǲȻ䲻͸
һƬУ̫Ц˷ģϴЩ׶ݼ̹⽫Щµĵӣ˼ʮӣɾִ졣Ϊ̨֧ݾһɶ˽ȥ˵е񹭣ǵ棬Ҳô
öһʿмһţԵЩ
ڴϲȻˣǻʲôǰǰ
վƿߵ󲽳ǰȥ
ԶԶģݼ̹˧չ˵կҲˡ
ľ룬ƽϣһˡ
ǵ·ʵŢֻܲسǰƽ
ʱ򣬡¡һ˵կǽһŻ⣬ڹڿնϰȥһֱҳ⽴
ըˣըˣǰղŻöڵϵͬʱվűǰȥ
ԭܸղ⼸ּôҲûУֻ˼򡣵Ŵڻ˼ˣֻŴĴղΪͣЪ˰죬ڹͷˣʱȥըҩը˸ǡ
û˴ڵɧţʿٲͣǰƽ
ĹƲ赲ͻȻ䣬˵կŴ󿪣Լٸܻʿҽų˳ڴſڷɿжӣȻδȣݼ̹һ䲻
̧ͷȥЦЩ谫һԼһңлвֻпͰ͵һģûе񹭸ߡ
СձСձȻС
Щһﶼ˴磬󲿷϶ûдףֻһձ
ղ̫˵ձ޷ϵףڵҲ
ֻҪˣݺɳɱ룬ڶʱѪƿǰʿǰȥ尡尡
ܲ˼ͿԼϻûһѴһìң
ʱ򣬵·ԱߵͻȻһֻ֣͵ץסڵף÷÷򣬾
һʱõȥһͷԽ֮С


422 ȷ
ڹ֪ôһӣϸ룬һͷȥ
һˤǱͷ½ϣֱӲ嵽
ǰһڣʲôҲʲôҲֻоʪ಻סӿ
һù
Ϯ˱ҲǴ󾪣Ϊ˵ˣͬʱì˴ȥ
⣬Ҫ©
ۼ⣬ʯϳǶӵĴһ
ʱ󾪣һӣǼìסȣ֣⸮ˡ
ʿŰˣ׷ڴν
ʱĵڶѾƹˣǰǼٸ׵ս
Ⱥ˱ڵڶбǰ沿ֽͶˣһܵ÷ɿ죺𵲵
ҪүүĹͣ
ȺүƽǱݼ̹ýᣬ·вٸţǺ͵üײȥ
Щʲôʱ᲻ľ½һرײȥ
ǰȫޱ޼ʺѹѹͷ
ĳһײͨˣֻ类ײѪˡ
Ǳײôӵȥ
ڿˣμҲ֪ʲôطȥˡ
̧ͷһѾûټʱ󾪣ˣˣ
һϵ·ȥ׷
ȴһһҲȥ
һһϻѪסðҲ֪˶صˡ
үүҵˣﴦһҾдſ
ŭſүүҪȥҼү
үүɲߡˣҿûȥﴦһ޵ø죬һѽסɱң
һɱΣͳ濳ȥ
һһʶؽ۾ϡ
ɵ˰죬ĵȴû
͵͵۾ֻɥؽеڵϣһĭ¹ǻſҡս֮ϣۣҼҴүҾһǧҲġ
ҴүղҺ󿴵ǴɵӣҲݼҾﵱһʡ
ʱԶԶؾһ˱һЦⶼҪ̲ͷˣ˼ôͬ˳ӣһɱȥ
ˮһҲһףȴһѳ󸫣ͣ˿ͷĿȻסˡһȥ
ЦҡͷɱãǴүľ˾үӴ׸硣
ӴԭɩӵĴ硣ˮһЦһ˹֣ϻˣ㿴ݼ̹˧춼ϰˣٳپˡģˮǾҪɱܣҲڴү䣬Ūʲô֮Ĺٶ
ЦСˮȥˣⲻǱס𣬴ִ򲻵ãҲɡȥѰүҾˣѾǰˣ
ˮúëֱʲôүǰȥˣ⣬ҵȥѰ
˵꣬Ϳ첽ǰȥ
үʲôүԱߣһ۾ֱˣӶѰ㣬ȴݼҾ˵ûˡУɵҴү
̾ϢһסҵĹͿˡսҲңӴˣûˣҲ֪ĳʲôӡˣҽ커ƽǡһ㹦Ҳ̲ţҲ᲻ôү᲻ôӣⱲӾû뿪⸮
үô°һĻ
Цһȷſҡ
һһתӦҪȫģ㣬ˣҪҾС
˵㻰˵ͲʳԡգҪҲ㡣һ˵㣬Ӵʲôݣôôݡ
һŭôˣôˣǴ磬ѵ
Ӵھˣǹ٣ôͲܽѵˣ
ھھˡһڳ
ԣҼҴүǺԺѧʿ״Ԫղ󳼡
ʲôһ㶵طſô״Ԫ
һƨϡһ˵˵ôܸˣ
ҡǲ𣬱ץ˶

ȫϡ࣬˫ĿҲʲôҲ˳ţǰ
д󼱣ߺȴûаô
ô¶еǰţҲ֪˶ãµĵȴӲˡ
ʱϱ˺ݺݵؿ˼¡
Ȼֱ˴˼ǣ۵
Ҳûˡ
ڴ󾪣ҪȥĨһעȵҺϡ
ǰͻȻܿˣֻĿǺɫ綼ԡһƬŨصѪɫС
ǰձӻʿ
ŵýгȴԭУ˳ɳֱ̲ӳܵУΪǰȷ档


423 η
ʱںѾûκ塣
ȣȫǻװˮйͨû취ˣ˴ӵɼǰȥ
ң֧ͷˣӵʿ군ˡΪսۣڸðԽֱܶôһ֧ӣݼ̹ϧɱԵϯĻġ
ˣȴԼĽʲôĽأ
ڲ
ģƴˣһҧҲʲôʽҲǰ棬еĳìݺݳǰͱȥ
ûףֵסþƽһ̣һձӱֱӴĿڣһץסìвѪ
˼ΣȴҲβ
ͬǣձڵļϣֱüϻĽ
ݼҾƵ׼죬ձ쳣ֻиҪƿȴȲͨ󵶡
ڱûһ۵Ҫϵˡ
ձԼףд󶨣һǹ룡
һʱ᲻سì¾ɿ֣һʽ֫ƲϺݺһײ
վȺУ߳ͨһͷֿ࣬һײձ˾ͳ𡣺漸ܳһײ͵ڵϣҵĽŲһȣѪֱ硣
ʱѩĵһ󸫻һܿء
ͷһˮ
һʱ䣬ߵļη壬æˡɺ˻ڲסǰӿǶʱһƬҡ
˴Ϣ֮æͷˮѵҡ
ֳˮϵᵶס˵˳һˣֽһײõڵϡ
ű˸׳Ҳ˲ÿɱôһ·ײȥӲؽ˵ǰײˡ
Ҳ֪˶ٵ۵޿̣۽ǵ⿴صĻľϲһֻ֧һƤȴ۵ý
ҲǸ̾ӺôҲǸ״ԪԼˣ⣬ҵķ񰡣
䣡˺£ʿҲʿ뷢һź״Ԫ˲ҵȻɲɱУ
ˮҲڵʹ̼Ѫţ˵ʱˮͰ͵ûκѪԣлĲΪȻȴ룬սȴ׺ǰѵԼһ䣺˽ڹսǴɷΪ
ǰȹϵĴսʾҵѪжɫʱ
ΪһֱߣеĵڵһѾˣعϡ
Ҳͷˣһѣӵϡһһͷ˵Դڡ
ɫɫҺ䡣
ܣһ󺰣ɱ׷ˣ
ڻͷһȴʿǶѵѾõԼȥϰӹŰӣۣŵǹֻܿɱͬһҿͧˣһǰ
ǵµܣͷ­ҹȻǧ˫ߵһߡ
ǰƽʮףȻ׺Ÿ׺װõһ˿ʧӰ٣תͷկȥ
˼կţ˽ȥ˳Ҳϲôţ׼ɱһ׷ŵ
ڻȺУеҲ֪ʲôʱˣ˫òס㾭ǿȵĶֲͣЪѪսϣҲ͸֧
ϵҲõòӣǺ˵ĵۣкüѾ˴ţƤҲ˳
̧ͷȥկſڴһϴŻ׵ż˻ʿ
Ҳ⺷һɱ˺ü֮ס͡ʱм׸ߵİʯǽ񹭣һʿ佫
ڼ׵Ż֪˵˴󽫣ֻҪɱⳡս۾ûκˡ
͵ذγϵ北׼˵ˡ
ȴЩɣͷĻǹɱܲܹ䴩˵
˵͵нʮףǹˣ׼ͷȴԲ׼ǹûߣһȥҷɣ֪ʲôˣͷĻǹսĹؼǼлһ㣬ԴʡиЦô˵ģʮף׼ȷеˣѶȾͺվڵϴ
ԥУߵ˳ǰһӿײһ
̲סǰһˣеǹˡ
ͿǰǸ׵紥һ㣬һȻ͵صڵϡ
ʤʤΣʿ񡣶ʧȥܣҪسȥ
ˮ͵شϰǽдһɨձ絾һƮ˲䱻ǹû
˵ĺɫ͵صУʿĻ
ڶϰˣڱѾռ˾Եơ
һ̣Ѿʧȥ
ڱʿƼŽկţ̲סͷǸԼСձʵ̫ˣ벻עⶼѡ
һͷ㱻ڵء
һֻסСġ
㡣ͷȥǰ׳
ˣʵ̫կȥͿˡܵûʲô˼ӱɵģͿһᣬƯ
ףѹԼղһǹܹ˳䵹СձĿ׶ˮ
˽ͣǰС˷ˡ
˰죬կУһͷɢʮһ֧Сӣ׷ɱ˵ɢ
һǰɱ
мȼԽԽ类Ƭ̻𳹵֡
ͷȥѾϰ滹ӡ
Ҳ˵ѾдԼǧǵˡ
ܵկӲ󣬹˶ãھ󲿶׷ŵ˵һߡ
կǳҲ±Ҿвܹ͸һ
һһѵϵףֻѾʪ͸ˣһƬҲ֪ǵ˻ԼѪ˰죬ûз˿ڣ΢ġ
óɱǰûվһߵĴʯϣͷȥ
ͷƤʱˡ
ȴկӺһС壬ͣʮС
ţԼǧܶҪسϼ
ͻȻһк¡˹ӷ֡
ƬƬĳˮӿЩС߸ĵһˮ
вϻףⶫ5ɷȴᣬһˮҲûиˮ档
ɼˣ͵Ĺ£ܻǲҪػȻֱӱͷƷ
ǳˣǳˣ
޵ۣ
ܣ
Ҫ²
Ļǹϵ
ܸţûдɾŵسȥͬɶ˻½һ㱻һɡ
ԽԽ٣̲Ҳ𽥰
ֱٿһˣƣӵбôɳ̲ϣڴ˻һԴӿϴȥϵ
زʣΪۻһ£ѵϵ·ôƾ£ս֮ϣܼȻлɱӣȻ֪Ҳôһ죬νѭӦˬ
ҴԶþȫһХԶԶͳȥ


424 û
Էξᡣ
Ѿˣ˶Ŀ󻹳һƬѪսϡ
̫໹ϸ˵һսΣڴǵһȵʱִìɱìۡϣٻؼҲпãսһʮ˺ۡ
˷ȣҾʿʿ񣬸ҲЧ
ξ͵һݣⰮɡˡΪ̲סɣɣ޵ĺԺѧʿյ״ԪȻԹȻҪھνһһʮ꣬һȵġ˭Ըȥ̣Ӯ˽Ҳ˶ٻˣⲻҪ𷣣Իǰ̡ҲֻⰮ䣬ֵ֪֮֪ޱɧŶ꣬Ӳù֪Ϊǡ
߹Ҳסͷȷʵһеˣڵ𢣬֮
ξܹô˵˵һɼĿУѾʵ۳購ĸŹǣ֮ʯ
ƽҲһϲԱߵĺ˳һֺּޣٿǰǸɷǵģ
̫ξʣæش𣺡үûšҾ׾һǳ׶ϺõţƤž֣õǹҲΪ˵ÿֵݽһյȫȥҲǧߡڴȻʮȴû˵ëۣڶճԷʱӶץȡ
úúãξЦݼ̹ƵĺףȻЩ̰ƣڴȴûǮҲʿ䣬һ֪ġ
ƽԱЦүЩ³ģʥ˵ĴȻǲģǮݼ̹Ҳס
˷׷ЦĹٶٶǷǳĵģ֪ЩһﶼǹײҪǮνĹٲǮٲ̫ƽɼ͢ҲĬ佫սЩôģǵûʲôҪ
ξ˷ܵ˼Ȧһ̣ܶʣµĵѲ㵽ӣֻһ꣬ԿһĶ
̫ࣺǣү˵ǡū澻ؾְʱݼ̹ڴѾžȥɨ̾ڸܡ
ǾȻֿʼˣξһһͼ
ƽæһ޴ĵͼϡ
̫ǰȥָŵͼ̨ݾЮʤ֮ţֶաţֶպͺǸˡ
ôࣿ
үõģܶǼʧҵʹ滧սͣ⣬ӦǱ˺ݼ̹⽫ƽˡ
⸣ξһ̾
̫ࣺүܣ÷ƽ£һܣλдССʮǧСļ١Ҳ뵣ģǼսֻһѳìѽԣһս֮Ѿûκһ֧ӸҴٱɳˡ
˵ˣ˵ǼѾܴ⡣߹һּ⣬̷ܶȫںݼ̹ܣиԸͶϵˡ
Ϊһټ𸣽ܣξ˼ľģҲ˲ֱ࣬Ӵԣｫ̷ҪȺȥϷܶһְѳָľȨ
̷ǰϷ£Ҳǳ͢Ψһ֮ˡ
ǣ¡
ξһ㣺֮սҾսΣʧ󣬻̷ڸںݼ̹ⲹһ㡣
νս𣬳˵ʿٵʣʧˣֻݼҾս½
̫ࣺ·ģսҾνǱѪӣʮˣʮ࣬еڡ
ξŷˣãʿӸ
꣬ѾˣڵϣÿʿļҲõսɳʿ̫Щ˸Уڴ˵£ҾһʢʿҲܰϢˡ
ξȤⰮд˼ģ
һ仰Ҳ˾춯صĴս¿״Ԫһʿʫ̳ʥˣȴ֪дʲôġ
ּĸ߹Ҳͣ±
ûġ̫˰ͷ
ô˵ξʡ
̫༤˵ˣӢ飬ұûʸǰˣŪīŪš˾վڷͷӣȻ󽫾ڷͷ
𣿡
˳Ĭ

̫۾˸˶Ǻһ䡮ҳ֮𣬳ǰţԦ²ϵģ޺֮ף֮ܣ޴֮걡ңֵܵй֮عţ𢣬ҶѪжӢ鲻Ҵǻؼң


425 ¶
õĳĬƺ߳ǳѪսǳĺ֮С
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬Ѿ
ξͻȻоЩӹϣХһʿҲ徺ʱ뵹ڣ޵
⻰ӻʵۿ˵ߵۣ϶һ
˳۾Ｕ֮ɫŨ
߹ͷǰ꣬Ѿ糯ʱ䣬ȸˡ׼ȥϳ
ξѾʮûϳˣǼξҪǾÿ첻ʵڷˡң糯ҲǸʽʵҲûʲôҪá
ճԼԷܴˡ
ξǸǿľȥϳҲûκηӡ
ǻǲòճ͢ƣÿîʱһ
ξͻȻתͷԻƽҪϳϲѶ䡣
߹ǲξһϳʲôӣҲΪռʵתӣ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ƽǣүū̺¸¡
һյ糯ûξԤϵôңݵϢ˵˴ݣһϲͺ֮¡
ʵҲںݼ̹Ĺͼ֮Ϊ£Ƕûʲô˲ڱݵ˵ն򣬴ҰǰĹشһۣҲǧ
ǧն㲻ʲôͬǱߵı߾һ겻նǧ
˵ĹҲƲ佫ʵ۵֮ߣѵһγ͡
ξͲͷ糯ҶԼСţͷϲ˵˼䣬ͷȥ
еĲԡ
ɢ֮Ҳûȥڸ󣬾ͷɿشϽǳ˽ӣߣȥԣЩ
Ϊԣѧӣߵ÷ɿ죬ȵҲʱߵҡ
ŷף֣Цôô磬ù緹ˣ
үأ
ŷûء
ôûüͷ
ŷЦүڲʲôʱյĹأаʱȥ硣ʦȥ鷿Щɡ˼ҽӸ⻹ǶƣˣһϷĳӣüã̶⣬ŴͻζʦϷˣӦúθڡ
Ȼ˵ڸθΪǫͣҲûʲôļӣеŷǰҲ㡣
ȴ룬ȴһ㣺ʲô㣬ȥү
ŷ˼룬ͬȣǻһˣһżڸθæ˽ȥ鷿ţһƵȥԣ
ԣ鵽ҹЩήң׿ǣڲסشŹǷôһ͹ˣҪ£
˵ž΢Цز˵ˮҲ֡ΪϳɣȻ˵ҲˣȴԼǰ̸£ӵıص
ž̷ǼԼǳƪݺϲ̸´Ωˡ
󣬶ձƵؽ徭ûзϻ
ңƽսѧ׼ʱȲǰҲٵ
Σȷʵû
үæˣ˵¡Ƥһүᵹϵ𣿻ᵽˡ
ʲôԣһˮеˮ˲輸ϣ࡭ʲô᣿
ףݣ糯ȥ̫ġ
ԣ˶񣬽ŵС¯ϡ΢Ц±Ҳ˵ˣʲôšǰںݼ̨̹ݾͻϮ̾ĺ쵺նһǧУݡʿ꣬ǸΪ˫ʿ
Ҳ΢΢˼ǴȰԽȡʵȨɽ졣Ϊݹϵ֡ȴΪһľϲȡݼ̹⣬ɱģݼҾȶԵзơ
㽭ʮһϣҲһɣʿ̻еô򡣡
ү˻Ҳֻ¸Ѿ˸ɾˡ鿺ܣүԼ֪࣬Ҳǧˣ඼Ǵһ־ռ죬һнֱֽģɽ𻢡һɴϭԣҶԣ˻ѳˡ
ʲôүȵؽг
׵ͷڸ󣬶ԸľҲš
úúã˻һ湦Ҳԣ˷ܵش֣׽һ仰ȴͬһը졣
үȻ㽭֮ѾҲǸóֱ֡ܶŵʱˡ
ϳɵȻ
ԣףһҪͬԼܵ顣
ףϵֳΪ꣬ͼı죬Ҳ֮ΣԶñн֮֮ʡȨԱȥһ䡣սϨʱҲ
ԣЩɣ͢ȡһʤҪֱţδûжĥɱ¿ɣ顣
ͻȻЦ񾡣أȷʵΪڸ̿ںݼ̹ģͬȴûκιϵ
ԣһ૵ǰںݼ̹ģһ㡣
վ׳һҾþĿ⿴ףҲˡóֿ˵ʦ̹¡
׻æԣ𣺡үɱϳˣ»ȵںݼ̹𸣽ȫ֮˵Ҳǽ֮ڵ顣ڴ֮ǰүԤı
ʦϸԣæ׷ϡ
룬Ҫ˵
ͻȻ˷ɿܹԶԶͺүү飬顣
һ̽ͨһڵϣһر˹
ԣһۣ͵վ̽ӳȥ
ȵˣͻȻЦã¾߱ˡʦݱڡݼ̹ţֶñնǧʵ򡭡²н򡣸˻ƽӡۣҴ󻼣һóǱµƷҲʿķ¡
ôƽ˸׽ӹرһۣ佱ڻְ˸أֻ׶ֽغĻĵƽн֣ΪũﻥúúãԭΪ˸ܻ輸£ȴôͰˡ˿ܵǰǡ
ԣ̡
ףϴοƳװĻʱƪܵױţڼξʮ걻ʱдĻġУĻԼǰ˵ûԼϸӵĸмТỹ͸һӡʹռӣʲᣬҲԱ硣ʱú֮вڵԷ˵һ˵
˵ɫû֣˵ٺ»ӿû١ϲʿϿͳоƲգʶ˳ơϰλ˶ӸѹΣԹصʵҲ
ϵǰ˶꣬ϧŮ͸Ķ檣죬¶ݡ


426 
Ǵ˺ͨݾڡ
һʮĴѩϲȫǦɫĺƣѩûֹͣļ
ѾǼξʮĩˣ˵̫ãԴӼ˶ϵķ˻֮ͻȻ˾ȻѾϣʵ˽ӽ꣬û˺ƴľѿ֧Ǹûмȥ
ܱһ𣬹Ԫ˻ָļ
һжڶȡõһϵʤѾ
˿̣һͨĹٴڻ¯Ͽۡ
⼸ºҲûκδ£ۡϢ⡣
һǺ𱻲˵ǰϾٵʱΪֱ̫ͬҶ˵һȥżΪʵ̫󣬴ҹоʵ̫󣬴ϾҲʣͱʹҪ֣ʵǰȥܹ˹ܵ㡣
δûһ˼Ȼ˽֮ûͣͷӵˡ󣬾Ȼʵͷϣ˵ʲôʵݼãŪðξξҼҽԾơ
Ȼŭ˼ξʵҲûֱӽнץˡ
񣬺˻ڱõĴҪȵξȥŻᱻų
ڿеıֽεذ˰ͷϾҲԼ˵ǻʵۼûôˣֲˣŪ޼ݣǵúǺ
ʵۣǸܻǮۼȥˣ볬ǰѡ
һϢʹ̰վã˵Ѿȷ֤ݡ
ǣʵ۾ְܽ˳Ա硣
ӣξҪϵˡ
ЦЦֽӵһߣַڻ¯档
ϷսƽٿһܡڵѾɣȻڸȥǣʹ˼Ҿ죬˴˳˺ӱϻؾǡ
˵Ҳ֣ݼ̹Ϊ˷ͣ绹һͨĺԺ롣
ڶԷ͵ûκȤԺѧʿǴ࣬ɶҪˣȻְ
ٶʮֱ꣬ڸ󣬼ɰɣ
ʵ̫ˣѾпһûлȻЩܲ˱Ϻ
ֻ֣ȴûյİ˳ִָƤֲڣеĵط˿ӡڸôʱ䣬һĴǬ̫ƽʢΪҶౣһЩԪֻΪ˽ҵڷȥͬݼ̹һڸغݺ۳ҡƤҲˣҲ׳ʵˣϵҲһɲӢ
үֶѿˡԱߣ۵ץڵ֣֬СĵͿȥ
ûʲôҪģҪģûˣȴЩܲסڽӵס
ӣǰʵ̫ˣһǲϰ߱Ķ졣꣬ͬүϷǴؿ۽硣үĺ񰮣Ϊˡ˵ƽ㣬ȴҪ˶ˡ
˵嵣¶һ˿΢ЦȻһ˿աڼǰǼп챨СˣǸŮү֡
ʱ仹ˣȻܹжиĺŮXⶼ
ĿУֱ´ҡһʫڡʿ䣬࣬˵Ļˣһ׺ܲ˵ġ
ͻȻ˸˽ŮڵŮ޵ʦ˽ͨô˽п۵ܲġ
ǣΪ˸һֵø˵飬һһŮǸ
ǿѾܹܣٹ꣬Ϳʦˡ⺢ӺûʲôǸʵĺӡŴĹϵɣڵ״ԪȫϮʵһͨˡܹƽƽһӣ͹ˡ
үƽӶˣϴڵҲɣʲôʱӹУӵǹ
ڵͷ⻹õȥ䣬ҵլԺλؾǰȥ¼ˡ
Ұôû˵أҲǻϲԽԽ࣬ǰסĵطȻǼˡ
ˮ˵ģǰĻլӣû乫֮ǣٳֺˡһˮھһЦ
СӴһѺ֣Ϊ׺ں¾֮ڱһƷְڱǱ˾ָӣǰͻرְˡ
ʱҲЯģӣ˵ҪһӴңҲûκΰ취ֻ
ȥջ޴Ҫǲ档
º֮󣬵ϵʮӵĲʮʹйʿ͸ʿںݼ̹ȽϷһա
һھ͵ʮȻִ˼̣ʮ
һУڵļҲﵽʮ֮ޣҶǺϷ롣
սƴɱģҲ˵ʲô
˵ŻͻȻүֱܶŵĺܶȥ˵
ϼװ壬̧ͷȥһֻӴĴӣԼʮңˣȻһ·


427 Сϻа취
˵ںͺܷͬӪ
еĴǴɣϵԣһϵ
ԣһϵʵҲž̷ڡ߹Ȼ࣬ȴӸλ
ʵȨְϵɰѳ֣鼰Ұ
ںϸ˵ǵ۵ɣξʵ۵̡顣
ǰǼξϵʵ̫Եĵ
ԴӺݼ̹һΥֱֱܶӳɱ֮󣬿˵ϵ׷ˡҵͬΪıΪʲôҪԼȥ˵أ
ڷǳ⣬վڴͷڷѩпʮҴؿ˹ͷִڷչԵǲ
αְֱܶؾְϣʵҪϵˡöƷԱһִƽʡȨ꣬ȴҪвЩ
ѩúܴ󣬱ӷһϷۡ
˺ӵˮܼϰ죬ܵĹٴͬڿһһ˹
˵Ҳ֣¡ĺ˶ӿĻƺҲ⣬ƫƫԶó죬ڸоǳ֡
ڴ˺Ӷ첻϶Եʣкü˵һ˵Զˮ˵ԶӺͨߣ͡
ô˵϶ǺõģϱͨϾ鷳ˡ
һģڴſڣˣա
һͨܲòڲһƷԱȻѾȥְֱܶȴһͷΣƷԱ
ԣҲʲôףֱ˺ܵĴ׳ȥ
һգ͸оһϮĸҲ΢΢Ծ
źʵë̺ӣ˼ںͭ¯ļʲ͹һСǽƵʢŽвֵľȡ
ûжˣͺܺμ
μԼǾֱſ̺ϣһκʿͷ
ֱͦϥüԵ÷ǳ
ڽܹһЦһ֣ʿ꣬պһأյüɰȥǣа·̣ͬһңѾԻǲįΣ
ͺãҲӦʣҲƴǣҲϥ˺ܵĶ档
ϣѾ׼һܻ꣬ƺһƣλؾְΪأݼʦߵÿ죬ȴڰ·ʿ꣬ʤ֮ϲۣĳҪȴнȸΪ
˵վͶӣһһӣǺĳʿ
ףںԣĳʿһǲǾΪ
û뵽ܾȻԼǸһȴ˻ǹ䰡
ЦһҲ˵һںȾ
ָԼһӣȸΪڶ涫ϰվʿġʿܣһҲ֪Ҫ꣬жͿ̿
΢΢Щ죬ȸɱоƣãˡֱԡǶսµĹؼֻҪ˵ϵܣ֮еһٶһ߶ˣȫ̽Իڲ£ܿһ㡣ô꣬Բ֪ʤڶ٣ΪʲôͿأ
ĬĬظԼڵһƣãɷвÿ֮¡飬˭ܿơ
ڴЦ˻Ƕһһɵ˽ΪνĶ壬ڰڲˡû˶ĶʦĹ㣬о塣ûУõ˭ٺ»ҵΪ٣£ʳǰսɵ˰ТȫȴҪڵһλģ棬һһ塣ǰ˵Ʒ£ȴǿ
ܳ̾һָһλؾĳ֪ȴԼĽʲôȴǲڡҲ˵öԣĳ֮䵽أΪ˽һӻˣʶһ
Ӷڵϣʿ꣬λؾͬΪ٣棬См֣ʦе֮½⡣
üȴ˵ɪ
֣˵ǣʶһһҲøˡͬ˲Ҫ֡
˵꣬ͷڵϣʹ󲽳ȥ
Ʈ޽Ŵѩòʱ
һɷѩ棬һ˫۾ͬӡ
Լ羪ſڵϵμͻȻ䣬һһµƽѩ߲Ъѩ򳯱ʧһ࣬ҹȭ
곪꣬ϵľƺ
ľҺ˳źʣǰ¡
΢Цؿμĳ赱ޣŴʿҲ
㰡㰡㰡ܣ㻹ЦóμͻȻЦָźܿЦͷʶͣ
μӱ֪꣬ԣҲĳǵǺĳΪս±˲ͷڱʧȥ˳š뵱ģЩ¾ãңжʦڳ˴λؾȻоա
㵹õáμײײվԼַŲձڣб۾ȥãǾһЦֻȨıûиġ
ܱϾͳҵӣԾһ׿üأɫһĳԡ
μ㣬ǿϸƵı¡ںݼ̹һ֣Ϸ˻һٶƣʿɲڸϺСϡңиֶθž˵Ƕ껹ʲôôѵ㻹õõʱͽȥһòˣǹʺ硣
һòŵĳ㻹濴ˡֺôϲ㽭Ѱһͷ¹Ǵȥ˾ǡ
ȷξʵ˺ӣ֮ĶȺáЩҲ͹ϣŹֵĶߵӺεĽвֵÿζüξһϲ
ֱܶűóҲʶãæͷ¹ȥǣϣܹͶ˼ξģƽȹѡ
ˣμҡͷȨϣ˺͸Щʵ̫Ѿ¼ˣٶҲãһǿľ֪ԼҪʲôҪʲô
סˣ૵ʦ϶ġ
μԼǾԼҲû˵ڵ̺ϣ૵ֻҲûʲôɣСϾԲ־ܵġ˽֮صһʱС̸̸л֮
û˵꣬˾Ѿ˯ȥ
ܿСҡҡͷһŻƤظϣһǰŴԶͣĴѩ


428 
ڴӺܴϻ֮Ҳ̾Ϣ
ڴ֪ۣ˵ذɣǰЩ꣬ܶҲ֯δսۣΪ˵ƷӰɣ˶ĶʦһƬҳϣղͬԼ˵ʱҲǹ䣬ζ㲻Сˡ
ֱܶλϣҲΪΪΪϵɽеȴû취ȥ
νĸӵ԰ɣνɼɣ
οܵѾߵ˾ͷ
ֻǣȴ֪ܺμϣСϣһıڣϵڸʵʵˣ֣δزú
ش֮Ϊʵ̫䣬ڻ¯ͬ˵󻰣ˣ졣
ʱͨأδֱͣӿȥֱͷ
ֹ˴죬ص˱
ҶǴ˺ӺҲΪڵĴͺһ·
ȵĳǽ϶¶Цݣڻˣ
ӣҲǷǳϲүǳʱǿ֮Сλؼңȴ˵ǹƼ
Ϊ˵͵ֻ˼˺һ
ۺܣųȴǼмʮͣͷϣͷϻ˼ӣŻ¯ˮһӦþߡ
ڵļ˷߷ߵү˵ĳʵ̫ԵˣȻͷסˣʲôޣ
΢ЦŻ֣ˣųȥ
ʹ˶Ӻǿ´
߲˼һǰȴǰǼŴٷƷԱ˶һ֣ء
к棬ͣ
ֻȺĹΪϵغһܣλؾ죬ӡɴˡ
ܣش˵ĻѾء
˵꣬ͽһ߰Ķصص˹ȥ
ܽʥܣ񣬷˻ѳرȨ
һԱ˹ȥһ£ΪǸĹٵ˵ͷ
ĹջغܱȨ󡣡
˵꣬վЦŶԺһҾ¹ٰݼá
𡣡üͷ˷
˵񻹼űһְ⼸˶ɿǵģɫ֮ȴûа㹧
ףڽȨճ͢ƶȣ󽫴ҪȡӡšȵսҪر佻ء
ֻһжӦڱС
ȴ룬ξȻֱͷϵţһܣҪ⡭Ҳ̫ż˵ɣȫͳ档
ξһˣͲظӡ
˶һ裬еЩѹɱ˲ͷأҪܣҲòɣ
ٿǺܣҲһȻμ߲·ӷţ۾ˡ
ܽĹٷ֮̾ϢһҲãȥģȴͷһ⣬λͬĳһҸطԱ˵˵
ĹȴͬʱҡͷΪ˺ܲҪ¹ȥʻ
ǿ񣺡ûؾǣĳھҲûլӣȻҪȥ߶Ŷϸϡ
ΪǸĹͻȻһЦǵطǿɲȥġ
ܼǲӣɫһݣϾǴǧͳ˧ȻȻһƣΪΣ
ĹһϣЦãϸɥȥ
ɥܴ󾪡
μҲ͵۾˭ȥˣ
ΪǸĹٵϷˣ賿îʱˡ
μͻȻƿԼˣָźܷܰܣĳɱڣ㲻ϣں˰ɡһְ
μ˵£ҲǴ󾪣ûμúɱԼҲһߺ޵صźܣһȣӣ
Ҫǰ֡
һסźܣˣܺãܺã
̾Ϣһ۾ˡ
ѩμȴǰ󲽱ȥһЦһ߸Хˣˣܣ㲻ԣ˺ˡϸɥСϱȻǡûСڸ˳ᢡϸѾˣûˡδҶѷɣ컯Ūˮɱ˿˲⣬Ͷ̫ѧһҾ䣬þƼ캮ػ߳֪ȥȥ
赱УѾˡ

Ѿ꣬Ҳҡͷߡ
ͻȻǰͻȻһŽ£崺վס𶯣ð
ǽ
Ϊһʮĺӣһ塣
͵شǽָʹϣң£һһ𡣡


429 һ
£ɻǼĹԱҲ
ϣˣѾˡ
ǾʱĹ֮󣬼̳ܵĳɹλǰһɽ¶ˮˡٴ֮ǰеĴû˵ôоλĹ֮ʵ̫ˣǱϾ㺰һҳǧġ
ѫֱסڱϾءϾǿĺľǾѹĺˡ
ټϻӵܣڴϲļʮ֮ޡЩӲ˵ƫƫúܸߵнˮ䣬ֻԱ͵޿̵ĵزͬ峯İӵһֱӽԿˡ
ԣĹһѫӵܺͻ嶼ûʲôøС
Ǹ⡣ʮʱ٣ӽСʵϸɣѾȥ½ָʹλãɼڻʵĿеĵλ
ϣԸȣϲŭɫվڷѩУһźκα顣
ֵǣ˵Ӻûн࣬ҰľûƵģͲ֪Ŀ⾿䵽ʲôط
һͽͷ
ڡܡļԱߣȻ˽ע⡣
ϣҴһȺ´߹ȥȵʲôˣ
ĹԱæǰ˵Լݡ
ϣޱغȵǼôǲãֺõģ
ĹԱŭȵˣҵȿڸ֮Ȩģô˵ֺˣ
ϣҵͷҲڴ
æȥڵĹյݹȥҼүǺԺڣ㽭ؾǽּ
֣ϣҽͷתĿľˣ
ڹ˹֣ǣɹ
˵Ĺְ;λ߹ڣȻҪ֮
Ǵ࣬ʵ۵ţκ˶һӡڸ󳼼Ҳһ
ǽȴ֣ϣȴһӶãôͬһ·
ƣѯʵ˼
µ˵񣬶ޡ
ȴ⣺ߵģ˴죬ͨһ𡣡
ϣҵͷͻȻľҲЩ鶯߰ɣּ٣Ҫʺ˼仰
ףϣҶԼðʵһﵱһӣγְҵϰߣκ˶ǳ
лһݣʵɽҺʲô
ǺܡŲԵЩǡ
ϣͻȻһȣּ׽úܻرʻ
¶ʱһ󻩣Ϊʲô
͢ΪʲôҪµگ
סڣϣһȣð˭
һ°ڣعȥܣʥ
ʥϣұ֣˵ˣֶϾڼ䣬˼ȡ̰ܣţȥ˾͡
˵꣬ܵͷˣˡ
ĬĬؿһܣּ
ܿ죬һӿϣ˶˸ɾ
ǰˣϣһ֣̲ϴöƷ飬Щ
ܳվлˡ
عͷһۣͻȻ̾Ϣһʿ꣬ڲ֮ԡȥܾսûк³Ҳ
ڽͷȥͻȻЩѹ
ξһԼĵ˶֣ǲ顣
ܸջرûţǰű˱ȨžͱץΣ㴭Ϣ֮
νģֲɶ־ľɣ
ȵϣҵ˽ܺµһĻͳͳץߣԱѹԲ԰ɢȥ
ʱͻȻǰ״ڿЦƮȻȥμһĴȣĳ˵ãѾ֪ǶˣҪץȥţŽ
ߣ϶ᱻץߡ
ܹ׼ȷԤ⵽ξҪʲôȫˣ˻
ͻȻһϵʵҲû˲šҲܡĺμǼطϼТܱ׽ݼ̹СҲûʲô£ôϵȥ
μôɫڣĻ߱Ƹãˡ
һɲ䣬˽ˮǼһץͷ
תһ룬䵱ںʱͬĳʱ꣬ȴһ΢΢̾ϢĵĳΪ֮ɣ治ϣͬɵˡȻ㵱Ҳúɱң黭ȴǷǳġ
ϣӴһıңһ黭ʥ֡
ͷôһѾȥ
ѩһһ¶סǿͶӣæ˳һ·ۣͻԼļҡ
ðլӱĻģڱҲ㲻侫ξЩʡؼ£Ϊֺ롣
ʵ˵լ֮ںͶӻǵһס
ʱһ뵱ҲһСĺԺȴ˰죬·
мҵϢһ԰ڸ̾һҪִᣬֵǮϰٸڡؼǼ٣ܹʮˣȥʱͿˡ
صů󣬾һۣ
ôС棿ûѹͿһﱧŸӤһү˵ҪˮүؽСӻˡ
еˮүǱ˾ٵˮ
С㣬ʲôС㣿ץץԴһͷˮ
ǴС㡣ӴΪϲæӤӵУٲɿү쿴Ӻ㣬ͦ죬üƽһģһ
ԭҵŮһϲԼŮ
үȻСѾؼˣͱͳȥˣɡԽŮԽǻϲ
һ룬ǰ¿Ǹۣô¡˵ӵĸαԼҪߣѲɻŵŮʿ
Լ嵵Ĺϵ˵еΣҲ֪ʲôʱžۣȴܴ˳ȥ
ڼ߰ɡ΢Цŵͷ
ҹƽĺֻ²⡣ͷ
һЦȥӵŽӽɡ
ӣˣûȡأүһ
ЦЦֽд̡֡ˮ̶壬̹ĺɽϡ
Ц֡
ֵȻѾŽԽˣӣǿ⹫ź;˾ǲҲӽУ
ţ߶ݣҪһˮƽھҲýӵĸĸֳҲһӻžۡ
ȴ룬˻һ˵ڣӾüëǽҲ֪ʲôҵ


430 һ
ЦЦ̫ðɣ˼ҵŮТҪģ⼸˵Ʒβռס
ȴԣүʲôݣûǿ⹫ź;˾ˣɶǲµģܻŷ磬ʱⲻҪԼҷáǳףʱµ֡ҶӲ飬ҲΪǺá
һ룬Ҳӣ㿴Űɡ
ӣүôǵģٹգֳ͸ˡǰסǼĺԺ͸סˣÿ¸һЩ·žˡ
ڵͷãôš
պ֮սʱͬһսϼ档
ҲھһµҲԹ˿ͷͽʱڸݡ
Ƚַ֮ĲˣȥǻرڿȻǺӵ⹫ź;˾ˣܲǶɣµùܡ
ΪϾȴһϴŻվ͸õˡ
Щ鶼ɶӴõģҲѾ
ô촬Ҳ۵˸ˮ裬ϴ˯
꣬ڶԳԴѾûôֻིҪ˯Ҹط¾˯šɶȴЩ̣ڴϹ˰죬Ҳϲۣͬ˵үǲȴ¿ƽ㣿
ڿЦҵȥɸջرҪȥԺҪȥּ֪Ҫ졣ȹȥŽ䣬ٸ⹫̫˹Щ¹ȥɣҵʣٹȥ
嵵ĸڲƽ޻๤֮Ҳ֪ô
Զû¶ǮȥΪлƽĹգүӵò֮ҲûʲôͷһȦ
̾ϢԼӦҪƼ˵ģⶼ꣬ȴûκɫٵһɣһ󣬼ξ͸üݱԣǻǸͥƽӡ֮ǴʿʱڼŪԺ֡ٿʹڣʿӳû׼ɸ廪ǿҲ֮ɣɱвŻọ̈࣬ǿδزѧɡݱ
һоѹ
£˯
ǰôˣξֻһûˡ
񣬼ξѾʼΪԣλ׼ץܣ׼ϵ֣ͬʵʷȫһֻҪϵһû˶ԣǻΣգһжˮɡ
ǣͬʵʷϻͬ
ԣ
ڳһ𴲡
ߵڣ￴ȥҹɫȻڣֳһֹİ͸
һ÷ڴŭţѩСͬëڿƯ
͸÷ȥǰԶǻʳΡĳǽ
Ǵġ
Դǰ֮󣬾һֱڱϻغͷ
ĹǴΪŭÿܻʹӿʵ۽ϳ
˵ȻξԣλΪƽ·ֶζԸһ½ϸҲ飬ƫƫԾȴһ档
еĵӶвþסԷϦ顣
ЩˣҲŪеԭɡ
ֻ²⣬ǼξһȥҪ֣֮ƫƫǰֻܽһǻӸھϡ
оڲ࣬ξһȥֻ¾һ
һݣͬԼɲԸһ˻ʵۣȴԼĽʲôˣ֪
ͷȥѾ˯ˣĺ
ԶԼ
ǿѾˡ
ԽѾԼļˣ˹ѪȻҪһƽһˣһ˵Ρ
һʱ䣬ֻһˣ׼
ǣԼǻʵ۵飬ְȨʲôأ
ʱԣú̸̸һʱ䣬ܿͻȥҲǹ˲ñӵʱˡ
룬ĥīֽд¶֡
룬ֽĨ
죬ҲǿõģϾºͷһ֧װƽѾˣѾݵԸ˵ԣȻƽȥ֮óº˾ӡ̫࣬ºδزðա
ֻȵڵһʱסԷ
Ǳô󣬳Է֮أлʳǡǵ϶Ʋס棬ؼʱ̻Ҫӡ
ֽд¡׾ָ˾Ǳָ˾ԣֻҪ֧װõ֣³
ؼǣ֧Ӷڽָʹϣͷ˿ɲڳκһɡ
ֻԻʵ۸
˵أ˸ٻȨһȱû취֮
˰ҹҲû⡣
ڶգȥԺ£ĵʱͬʱеȼʿ˶پƣ͸ȥԷʥ
ȴ룬һͷղԡ


431 ˰
ǰ˼ȥϣ˳İ˼ξ񣬳׽ܣ֮ңսƽֱܵܶűóϵôţԼҲܵξʵ۵İǡ
ʵϾԺ֮Ϊ֮ѾͨһΡ˵Ҳ֣νۡȴûһ֡һҲ⣬ϾǴ࣬ͬнʿҲͳ
ȻʵܹԼ϶ڻǺܸ˵ġ
һȴղԡ
ѾûЩ˽ξߵ̫ǳϤ
ɽһȴ̫ǶףһҲʶá
ǰ֣һƷ̫ؿһۣغһ䣺ԭѧʿۼ˵ˡ˵ȥ˶ϣôŻ
ڲһüͷΪ˺Ϊ̫ǰһġǶǲмˣȺ壬ҲͦġĹ̫࿴ĻˣȫûбҪ
ˣԷ̫ڶǷǳимЩ׽
ңںͻƽõôһӣͬºҲϵУȻ𾴡
̫˲ӵģڻǵһ
Ҳͬ΢Цʣλǰȴû˻ƽ𣿡
̫Цһ֮Уۼ̫࣬ûһǧҲ٣ѧʿȻϲȫƹȴڣҪүžˣôʲô
˵꣬Ҳڣתͽ˼ξľᡣ
Ѿ൱ĲͷˣҲзɻˣƽȥˣôȫˣ
Ҳûа취ֻſڵš
һȣ˰ʱ䣬һ˫Щˡ
ȵòͷͻȻ䣬洫һүүȻǼ̫Ŀ
һ͵سȥ
ſ̫סڣվˡ
𿪣ڱˣһƣ̫Ƶһߡ
𣿡дξϵȴԵЩ㡣
ǳվˡ
ɣ޸ղ붨С˻ˡ
̫ŷڽȥ
죬ռξƢԣԽ죬Խ٣ŴҲҪš
ȴǹŹ֣йűջ˵һ߽ȥ;棬ϵѩҲڻˣʪ˺ܲξϥϣһɫϵİɫϽ˼Ѫ
̫ڵϲסſޡ
ڼξ԰׵ĺ˳ϵʿҲһĻңͷϳһϸϸĺˮ
£ڼ״һȥԼ̫ȵʲôˮ޽ô̺үģ
˼ξһ飬֪֪ƽƽôչ˻ʵӵġ⼸̫ӣоʹΪŭ⼸˾Ǵðģƽô̵ģ
̫æˮҲͬǷϻš޽ξ˰ָּҲմѪͽС
֮Уֻоξֱݵ˲̰һһݣξôݳˣ
ͬʵ۳Ϧദʱ䣬ԼֺܲڼѹĿУҲûʲôֱǰһ˥ˡ
ξ˫ֲӣһڸһ
ֻ˫ֱۿݻƸǺɫɫСߵ㣬ָһһСӣϰҲ
֪ؽжףʵ۳νɵǦˮ֮Ĵ֮ɣܳ
꣬ھͲСıƵúһûѳס
Ƕʵ̫ˣȴҩ͡
ϵĵǣξʵЦЦ;ù̫ܽڣ̫ʢõġ
ڣ꣬ʥƣжȣ̲ɵһﻹھƥģ̫ܳࡣ
Աߣ˳Ͳˣһŭ˴˻⣬һùЩϢʧ⣬ͬĵҩʲôϵ
Ҳͬڵ˼ǣɵǲܳԣ˵ľƥ䡣ͺڳ巢ʱ򣬵öЩһپ⣬õ˵ÿշҩѰˣһҪܺü죬ñһʲô
˳Цǰ֮壬õ˵ĶǷȻܲסڣ˵ֻʲô˼ѵֱɸҩȰҹٷɵǲ뵢µĳ;
ѾǺָˣҲãȻɳ˵已̥ò𵤡ȴÿԣ
˳Ȼһɵʱͨ졣
ξһЦ˰֣Ⱞ䣬ɳǶ׽ˡ֪ǶһƬģ
ű졣
ڽξ̫æѰһ۸ʵۻϡ
ʱͻȻһƿ߽еʣʣ˵Ѫˣء
˾͹ڼξǰؿ
ڶȥǴûľڡ
ʲôѪ˵˳Це˵үʢһµòѪڵĲνȥߴ澫
˵⻰ʱڿ˳˼۾
⣬ĨᣬվһȻӣԭˣС޵治Щ
ξ˳ĽͣҲܸˣûģղ߻ؿȵѹһѪ½ʱˬ
˵а̺ˣ˳Ǹа̷ӡû˵£Ҫʱ㿴
˳һʲôͺְٶ룬ղ֮
ξҲһЦϵĺ쳱ȥò԰ף޺ãͲʱˡ
߻ǰ˷ӣ΢Ц⳯ڵ˵ͷⰮڻؾˣ̺Űɡϲʹòο
һλرϵδøʲôְ˵֯ϵںԺǸˮš˵˾һ飬ÿԳ͢¼ȡһ˽Ժܴڻʵ߹߻ƨǡ
ԼڶϸɵʵƯڵģʵ۶Լθʤһ
˳;໥һۣȻЦе˵ڶܣǹڵǧʷϣҲŨīزʵһʰ
ͬһ򲻶Ըȴû뵽˹άͻȻЩֲõԤУڲǶˣҾܻ˴ʤĵУȴûʲô͡
Ц˵ҲûҪǫ飬й;ͣ˭Ĩɱ˵ġ
ξͷⰮѩԱйͣпͣ
ֽ꣬ʵҲֵˣˣҲԸȥνһ죬ƽ˰ɣ
ξĿ䵽ϣ


432 Ʊ
ͷʱһղذѻ⳯Ǯ泶Ͽô򵥡
ȥϣ̨ݾľ£ǵ˲ٽɻʮ֮ޡ
ĹԱٺ»һ͵˷ָһƷ֪أÿҲʮǮҪһ˶ѣ˵ʮ֪صİ칫ãӶ۵ĹҲԼ
ˣ֪Ǵ㿪·һЩ˰ҲǹٳϵǱ򣬴Ҷһ۱һۣ¡
ͷҪù٣취ŪǮ͸ɲáֻкһȡĶشڣҲֻܸɸԹٻصɹ٣һͷûǮ۶벻𣬵طͻ̱
˵ƹǧӴ̣ʱҪӣ·ʿĳԴöȣһӣսǰԱʱҪӣսйʿҲҪǮ͢ǵǮɲá
ƶȵĳ¯Ҳǻһ㣬ĲȨ
еĹؽڣҲ£ЦЦγԣ
ٺһЦԼξ˵ʣ˵ھһԺӣʲһ
ξ
˵ǰĻԺӣǵطɴأվڻʳһ۾ܿʵǻʹϸļҵԺأ
ԭξɫѿһЦԭĻլ䵽ⰮⰡ
һ𣬰һá
˵⴦ԺӣҲû̫࣬ҪǼʵ̫࣬ǰĵطס¡ˮؾٵʱ򣬰Լɫ
ȴ룬һһζɣȻĻĸۡĻҲΪۡŭ˻ʵۣøͷ³
ξ˷ǳǮȴñǮνУ˸
ĴǮ˲˵ʲôҲ˵Ψһһξ̰Ƶĺ񻹱
ɳ̰īȴǶȻ̲á
ҲջǴһ־ʹԼߴϡޣһߡ
ԣΧԣƳˮͬȻǻΪУ϶Źᡣ
ڲңһͻȻһϾر֮󣬼ξΪҲһľָŻʵ۱
ʵ۶Ҳֱϣҽץˡ
֮ͻȻӣǼξҪԨ̶Ͻ󹬵塣
һͲˣģǱ֮Ҫ꣬ÿ궼Ҫȥϰӡ
ؼʱ򣬼ξûȤǮֱѹ͹ͷϡ
ǣĲһͿһʾѿ֧ǳһúƿڴ
Ҫһأֻ¹ˡ
һƽҲ΢΢һЦ£ȷʵĻլӣ˽ӣ
ʲôξһࣺúúãõúܡڣһ
⾪˵֣Ǻ˳Ҳɫ䣬۶Ľʺޣĵڣ˼پͽӱǮ׬ˣҺ˳ڹ̺ʵ۶ʮ꣬Żһɶ񣬿ɶ֮
УôǮǸ󰡣
͵سξһҾʣһԺѧʿٺǴʲôطôӣѣɽȴݲ븸ʽ£ϲ飡
ȴң£ʵլӵǮȴҵġ
ðͬ
ڻһı£լʵʵݼ̹˵ҪԷ޽ۣòǮľһƬТġݵ΢ȴ顣˵ĻҵʱûһլӣⶫȻֵǮһʱȴ䲻
ű˶ǮʵլҲֵݽͳʵ⡣ǮӹٵĹ𣿺˻˵ôϻ𣿡
Խ˵Խܣۺ᣺ѸߣΪվǸ;֮ʱν·ȱһɡӵѵؿűµľͣΣٽһ𣿡
˵ñ飬ξȻݡ
ֵ˵լӣڱҲġˣⲻҪ˵̰īΪ˽֮ǣʲôǷݼ̹һƨծѡծڻöǷ㡣˵½걻ʱ˲غׯ԰ֵʮڻҪǮ£ʵʵڻ٣ͰЩԺʲôĻݼ̹ѡΣñ½۸ˡ
ĿࣺƱ磬Ʊ磡


433 ԶʷһӰ
ȷʵǽƱ磬һҲϡ
˵磬תƻ⣬ɱȲڡѾ̳Ϻ˴ʱó˵ڣ˿ɲ
һϯɹؽԼլתƵΪǵĸ߶档˵ùûʣլӲΪԼܣίһ
˵УξͻȻЩп˵Ĺ»û˱ȵⰮ䣬֪ȱǮ״ԪԺѧʿʿ̳һʫڣڶ˲ˣ֮ܲ˸ж
ڼ´ʣʼͱ£Ϊһ⳼Щԭ˵ġѵ¾ñ²һӹ£۲ӦѵҲ⳼˵ģΪ˾ߣֻܳԿʲˣһϸľ
ҡһͨǳ£Щܲסһ
ڿǼξѾŲ졣
л֣̿Ͱ͵˵ʣ˼
Щ˼ԼղִǼ鳼ΪԱҲ˲ôࡣ˵ںҲһС죬ɲʲô˾˲ңҲˣңұطˡ
£꽨ۣ⳼Ȱ裬ӵĵ¸ô£ḷ́ĺ̰
ҡڵĶ֣ǳýڽڰˡ
ξߵľ裬ؿ˾һۣ⳼ʲô
ɻľǻʹ󳼹ᣬʱΪ졣
Ҳ֪Լ˴鷳һҲƲסڴȣڣ˸ʣȴƭ˵Ǵݼ̹Ǯݼ̹ǮǴģ̰ḭ̄īҪ飡
⻰һ˵ڣԱߵĺ˳;òã̲סȵ£˵
д֣ÿ׳һĿ⿴žͱˡ
Դʵ֮󣬲ӵľͷ˭ᡣ䣬û𣬾ųԿնʹʿ俪ĵأ⣬һʡѾǴʱʼǱԴӾƶ֮󣬶ˡ
ͷˮ㣬۾أҲҳԶʳÿ괺ı̿𡢸յТٲõġ
ȻҪӵ̰īһ飬񲻽䶼һˣҲǱ͹ٳĹس״ơͬͱһʱ򣬲Ѳֻ¼ξҲⲻҪϴ鷳
ξںòƽϢ˶ܣҲľ״Ϊ֮һɡҲˣ˼ֻ֮֮Ը־ʹƽȣһ֮Ҳ㽫λԣ
˾Ҹ㣬һңĹɧȨΣ
ξŭˣһӣָžȥϣ޳ȥ޲ٿ㡣
ʡίᶼˣ˳Ʋæӣһ˳ȥ
žıӰξ̲סҡҡͷТ˳Т˳ϧʵ̫˵Ҳԣʲô˵ʲôԸ塣ž߶ԣֻһССƷ֪ضȲϡ̫λѵ֪ʵΪ˳֣ӦغͷġҲˣ¿һˣҲҪһ֪֪ȵġͨϣ߶ϥҪգѵ
뵽ξЩ䡣
ʱɪؿһӿ̲סԡ
ڼʵߣæǰȥıģ£ݼĨڣ𷣡
ĨڣĨʲôڣξһڣиȥϽܣ޵ּ⡣ٺ٣ڶϴôӷǧȴ˸ʤܡһȥʹ庣̡˼ˣ˵֪ʶˡȴǴ޳ֺ֮У
ȵڽ˻ȥξվͻȻǣݼ̹ڶսʤɻض٣һ𣬸úܡҪլӣžǣҲ뻹Ǯ
ξͻȻЦһ˵ʲôҲܣѵҳľͻ²壬ʳ鳼ȴٻֵžǣüգ̨ⲻҪӵ㣬޵ʱоˡ
ڴϲл¡
ξȺ˸úܣһҲӦáݼ̹ТģѾ֪ˣòʹչյֶ޵ĺá㲻ǮǸһѵɡ
Ц˵޹ۣȱЩǮ֪ģݼ̹ͷмʮӡдŹȥܣµڲظ͵Ǯ
ξһۣ޻ҪһǴĻ˵꣬͹Ц
ڣǵҢ˴ʵȱǮݼ̹һ㣬Ҳǰݽһæûʵ֪ôˡ
֪ڼξݼ̹º꣬Ϊʸžŵõãȥܱͬ٣ɹս
ڴͬʮ꣬սպգ߽ƽ
ȻˣβЩλ
лᣬݼ̹ⰲɶͬûҪȥˣȥҲûʲô塣
һľ֮ս󣬶ɹսȻаܼȴҲʤฺ١ңξԺɹʽѾ㲻һв
ǶŮ񣬳ڣȴû֪Ů֮֡
ǹԪһ꣬ڹԪһꡣҲ˵ʮĹ⾰
ڽŶʮͷ壬ٻʮ껹пܵġôǿǿ϶Ǹʱʱ򣬹Ƽ󸻹Ҳתۿջ
һ뵽ΣھͲ
Ǹ׼ʱˡ
ʵϣʵʷϣŮտʼʱǿ󣬲ǼʮɢĲ֯
ܹ֮ԭŬࡣ
̫Ů沿䣬γһȹ̶Žľ壬϶սս׳Ľ
ʵҲɴ˽Ŭҳһɱʹ졣
תһ룬˺ããҪȥңԶɶôһˣѶȲСңŬһ꣬Ҳ꣬һӣҲ²֡
˵ŬڵĲ仹СûͳһŮ档
ʵ֮׳󣬲Ů棬濿ɶܱ쵰
꣬ѽ̫游ָʹ꽴ٷڵĹկնһǧ༶Ŭ뱻Ϊ䵱ۡ
ʱɱŬ࣬Ҳû峯ƨˣΪͬŬĸ׹ϵŵ顣
ʮһ£ٶȷ֮Ӱ̨Ŭĸսһϵѹ鸽ȴսʵΪ῰Ϊ֮Ŭ༫Ϊ桢ιʱҲ֮ҲΪǣ֪ء͸Ŭ࣬ϮָΣΪŬͳһŮ֮Ϊ֮Ϊߴޡ֮һ
˵̫ҵʱǴеġ
֮ʵ
򣬼Գռݽϸ֮أϢλ֮ͼԳµܲδ¡ңʧȥ͵ֺ֧󣬺ڵԳɾӸûµ


434 
Գ֮ң滹ν壬ϸ˵ûڻлҲ֮֡ĳ˵Ӧˡ
ͬĩƵĪϵ
ڸƹҲһ㣬ڻмĵġĿǰֶξǲžһ޷ʵλƶȣʵݻһ㣬žȥҲ
ڹ̣óףһĻ
취кܶ֡
ɶɶȴܵȣ뽫ѿֱӶɱҡ
ݼ̹ȥɶӣȻԽŮ飬ȻҲûŬˡ
Ĺؼһɶܱٵλϰ
úĳʵʷ޸ĵĿȫǡ
żξξľ̫á
ΪԺ룬Ϊʵ۵飬ߵǰʵĵӿǰϤҵ
ûؾǣϺܶԵЩİһ߿ӣͲסתŸνͬʵ
һͿһʱ
ξǰ߻ħҲͷۣϥ
ȵʱľ
౨˾ת˸ۣԸӵı̫ཫɶǱߵܴܲҵᡣ
Ǳ̫ͬڱϤڱְȻʮϡɱȴԵù죬һֹӣԼǿʵ۾ߣȴ˵
֣Ҳ벻һߣ;ĿһҵһݹĹġ
ɶѲӣ˵ڶɹսսԸϮ丸ָһְɽνʵְ
һȻԣΪô˵ҲǸܱĸ߼٣ȴλ˵΢ҪҲסֻͬкɹô˵ҲԼһӡ
һСС٣ܹ˳ɽνһְ䣬ȻŹâ
Ȼǲġ
ûŮҲ׳Ļᡣ
Ȼȥɶڻǲ̫ġδɶؽһսɹźŮ棬óʶսһУҪһԱء
ݼ̹ȥ˷ģݵӢսֻҪȫڶγһӴľ¼ţŮҲͷ졣
ݼ̹ڲǸܱ٣ܱ֮Ҳûʲô̿ɴ򡣽͸òóˡ
ɶһ򣬾ű߱λɱڵصر̫ˣȥʵۣԸ⣬Ҳ˵úܡ
˵Ļݼ̹ڸҲһ߼٣һɶǾǾ
ڵһСû֪֡ӵɶѲӣڸ˴ɣת˾ࡣ
˾ĴҲܼ򵥣׼
ӿ˰죬Ȼߵξߣ£ӵǿԿһһӢս֮ˣϼ꣬δزһԱ

ξӹӿһۣⰮҲ֪ˣǸڸ֮ˣмӦϮһְģǳûˣѹꡣȻսҲ׼ˡ
ڣ£ãɶǱҲûʲôս£νĥ³÷Կຮ罫ڴͬĥȥҲá
ʫ䣬ǳڳʫξ۾һһɣɡ
һɣʽȥ˴ͬ˷ݲν
˷ݿǴطǸû֪ʲôɽ֪˶١ȷͺִĳصسڵصسȻȴȥ
Ҳϲһϵڱĸо
ȴҲ
ֽ֮תݼ̹ͷϣװһ˵£Ӹؾ֮ݼ̹⽫гһ飬óھӡ
ξӣݼ̹Ҫʲôӣ
Ц뻻طݼ̹˵ƽввң̷ڴڣҲ졣֮ƣڽθھ¡ڸѾûκαҪѷϣôһ֧ѾûκαҪ볼˶һ£ܲҸõĲ£ܹر٣帻ʱ͵Աǹ֮үһԶӵģűµĶˡ
ξɫ䵹Ǹҳôһ֧ڸҲûбҪóˡҲ飬ݼ̹ⲻܴ𣬾͵ȥܱͬٺˡ
ڣݼ̨̹ݾѵףеĻ֮ʦôɢˣȴǿϧ
ξ
ڽŵ£βݼ̨̹ݾȥ֧ѵף뱣ݼ̹Ųȥͬ˾˱Ȼгͻȴ鷳籣ƣͳͳȥǵطعϡҲʵߡݼ̹֧ڣһɹŲ̋ͬݾͿԽɹűǯιơ
ãξ͵һ£߽̫ڸ˭ֵأ
үĻϺšλ϶ڡ
ξǹ


435 
Ҳû뵽ڸ඼ԷֵδЩɻ
ԴӼξڶʮǰ칫صתƵԷٲϳ֮Ϊϡڸ˾඼ֵƽռ䶼һֵء
ˣԷҲΪʵϵҪء
һһֱȥļʵ۶칫峯ʱʵҲסִᣬǳΪϺ
ͬʱֵΣǰû
ɻ󣬼ξа¾Ǵڣڸȥ֧һʮʡʵöȻϱЩýᣬЩýᣬҪи˵ٹüգļڴ֧Ҳøۺһ£ȻڸƱɣͰѺˡʱˣѾ˼ҹˡ
ԭȲҪˡڻȻ򣺡ѹָǶڡ
Դʵƶ֮û˺ƴľѿ֧ҲǴһڴѾƽδҲûʲôս¡ӺͶϾ»ظòóĲóǲɢǲɢ˵Ĳõġ
֮࣬ҪǮûо޴ľѿ֧ҪǮĵط˳º«ưûиͣʱ
񣬼ξҪ޹ۣԷľֲԼ
һǿ޴󣬶²ʤ£˸ǡ
ţϸɥ·ӣȻû취ڸ¡
ԣڸʵ졢ߡǿά֡
ʵϵĵƾ飬˶óԸڸѾҪˡ
ˣҽĿ֧һ֮ƤͼƱ¡
ξͷ΢ЦŶ˵̨ݾȥɶһд³¸ǿ
Ǽξڵһ飬ǴڸֵߵԼҪʮʱ䡣
ڱʮӹ˼ģдһƪùȥı߲
һëʣ¼˵дһƪˡ
ȴѲڣʵڶı߲ߣѾ˺üˡϾϵδ򣬹ϵԼǷҪūĴ¡
£Ҳƴǣ첽ߵʵǰǦʣвݷɿдȥ
ȵԱᣬһƪֵĶǡǡдꡣ
Ӳ鷨ڵǿȻȲõԴ֣˵ë֣١
ξĲӵ㣬ٶ֮죬ο룺ֵ״ԪȻȷʵ޴س
ξӹӴԿһ飬Ȼ󽫵ݼ̹ȥͬ˵ˣͽת˹ȥ
ƪӳ˱ݼ̹ɶܱ֮󣬻㾸߲ߡ
һϳƶȣǨɽ桢ͿѣõطٽйϽĶܶ廹ʵвͳεūƶȣһ֣ͻڲĴ½١ֻҪһʼ٣Щʵһ⣬ڲϰΪͨ٣׳󣬽β󲻵ٳĻǶǨƵƽԭѣʵƶȣ֣ҲܵõáͬɺˣȻͲԺŮˡ
̨ݾפɶ֮󣬿ɶɹŰγɼл֮ơɹ˽ͬɶӶɹ˽ɶͬ򶫹ɹֱӹԽ
ڸһ飬ξ󳼶ΪȻǰߵʱ򣬴ѡͷΪع٣Ա˽йְϮ綫ĽŮͷǰѳ֡
ƪһ˵Ҳʶǳ֮ƲߣҪ볹ƽ£ʹù黯һֶΣҲʥ˽̻֮
ʱ۾һΪȻ
ݼ̹ȥҲ¿ΪˣȻ֪һ֧̼Ѫľж౦̨ݾְսʤ֮ʦʹ˽ɢҲһʧ
ȥһð취
ԭڱԭĽ䱸ѾãӺūʼٵͻʡɹţũìܼǲɵ͡νıʵǴӰͬӹٵɶһߵķ֮أҲģ
е˶ͬʱͷޣаĲ׿ڱִ꣬ʹˣη
ǶͷξҲЩ˷ܡ
ξʮʱɹŰʱΧҾʦ¡ȵ·һȴδػȥˡ޼꣬һ֧·ȫ߰ڳ¡޲ٶ
Խ˵ԽܣɹŰҴ޾ͽݼ̹ŵߡ˵ݼ̹ϻлڲ࣬Ҳʳ֪ζĸоݼ̹ʹͬͬʱ⣬ڴͬ򣬹
˵ξһЦԵЩ⡣۾Ҳһ˿
пЦ룺Ҷʲô£ȥֻܽһо񽻸ȥ죬˦ƹ񡣺һִˣ֪Щãܹʤ̣浽һ죬Ҳ¡
Ȼʵ۶˵ӣҲǳˡ
߹ȴ㣬̨ݾȥɶҪ߶ӣ·Դö輸ΣǮִʲôطͣ
ԤϣҲԼʵشӸȥɶҲҪĸ£迪Ӱ򡣡
ʲôôࣿͬһˮõͷϣξϵĺ쳱ȥ
ĹѾӳîʱ򣬾޴Ŀջ֪ôֲϾµһ꣬Ĳ֧Ԥ㻹ûֶһʡ
һ죬ÿҲ򲻵ִȥŪǮ
Ҳ̲סҡҡͷտڲԡ
žΪƹŻ̲סм
ڵȻϿԼʹ΢һ˼ʵҲòǫ̂࣬ݾдǼ͸սǧǧһˣʮ͹ˡڼһȥһԣҲԣһʱ˵ϷδϰɶĿຮƻв˲Ըȥʡһʿ֧
кЦĺľ߲ļôյһ˵ǮŪͭ
ʱѿڹȻһֺܶصĴڰ
һ˵˶ͬʱ΢΢ͷ
ЦʵʮҲһҪó͢ģڿһǮԡ
ξ۾һǮԶԶԣݼ̹һڶսнɻᣬѪҲӦá
þ֮Ȼ˵ֻҶ໥һۣͬҡͷʵڲͳ
æǣΪɶһؿຮƧԱÿʮ˼Ҿ㲻ˣֻɺһ̶ЩɵطȻ٣ȴƽ΢һء罫⿪Ӻأָ̨ݾһ˿ʵߣ׻˵˹вţҲԵñºͳ͢Ķ䡣
ãžͻȻһã˵ʵɶ֮࣬͢ǷķʽǷգʵ߷


436 ˷
ֻҪڸˡ
һ˵Ҳ̲סźЦʵһӿԽʡӵġ
ξ˵
׵ӿΣ·صҪӦӵĸƵʱ򣬴˷ڽҲûʵУѱʡ
һ˵׹
ԭŴΪͨ㣬ӳ·°ҲеġξʮɹŰΧӷگű߾
̴ˣ𶼻ɹŲԭˣӰߵӹأֻεֵͷ
Ҿޣӳ;оҲܴ̫ݡˣʿĳԷⶼɵطˣоҲǲʱģߵܵĵط˶ͷҲͷˡԣһһǳӡ
߹ҲͷⷨӺãõطϽ̨ݱĳԺȰɡ
ξЦˣо仰ô˵ģ˹ᣬݼ̹Ǯýͱطˡ
Ҳͷݼ̹ԼӣҲŵطԹЦνҹζ࣬Ͳݼ̹һͷȥΪԼ·ѣһһصسԹȥȵ˶Ҳ֪Ҫȵ¡
㲻һξһ䣬ݼ̹ȥ鷳ˡ
ȻѾݼ̹򶫱͸ϸ⡣磬ֹϽΧʿͿѵأҪϼơ
ǵط֣ɺƽԭȹɶϽɶ뵺ݵϽȨȴɽʡȥҪɽҪͬطϽǢûкʵĴֻһҲпܵġ
ݼ̹ⱾɽݾųҶһˣӦûġ
һ£ݼ̹ľھͿӦܵɽõȵ󺣽ⶳ
ܿ죬ڸˮһ㽫صĻƲᡢɲ֧ʱ
ʵۺ͸ǣһ𣬼ļ㣬ѵѣæһͨŪ꣬Ը˶ȥ
һΪʵ飬گۻ۵Ƥܡ
Լȴһ˷Զֹڻص߻أоĺܳʵҲܲ
ʵʱõҩ̫࣬˻𣬰˸ͨһ壬Щֲס
æһʩ񣺡꣬已̥ȲñΪɾסۣȻغԺȻҸؼ˯
ξһЦ䣬ԺǱҲȥˣֱӻؼȥɡ˵ŻоһȣĨһѣȴĨһֺ졣
ԭȣ˱Ѫ
ڴ󾪣æȥƽƽ
ԭǰǻƽڻʵ̺ŵģһ̲סгȴˣƽȴ
һڣŴסˡ
ҹ߻۾£Ϊ˾ӡ̫Ļƽôڣ
ôˣ
̫ʵѪŵɫһӿϣı򣬲Ĳ
òֹסѪǰǵĹŹΣⶼˡ
̲סԹƽô̺ģ
ξͻȻһѽеʪڵϣɱţ
¡۽ǿΧһۣ̫඼һֻʱףƽӦǳˡ
ξԼǾԼʱʧ̬һÿɵ
£ɵһﻹǲҪ̫࣬Ҫʱ˵ŻĳѰ˿ųĵҩݹȥ
ξӹȥˮ̷֮һ˿Ѫɫƣҡҡ֣°ɣջؾǣգٹ
ǣ¡ɵȥҸʣﶼˣֻεسԷȥ
ȾһС԰ͻȻ䣬һӰƧ˹ֱӹǰסͷСؿѧʿˣȾҸɵɣ
ڶȥȴˣƽĸɶ֮һ
æһѽӵϷʣôˣƹôˣ
̫Ĩһ۾ˣֿ޵ɵ£үȥ̫Һرߵĳ۹ɵѸߣܲĥ
ڳʣôˣƹʲô£
̫˵ǣһ׮ıձ¡Ҳץץߵߣ˳º鹫ˡ
ʲôڴ󾪣̲ס˿𼱣˵
Ҳ֣˵ºͬԼϵôµ˶˲
ֵ̫ΪǼӣүŭµگȥˡɵڱǰ溣˵˼ûȴû뵽˾ʹŭүǳº鹫һֱɵӡ̫һְ侮ʯӶ˸ıĵӣҪɵƽȥ
ڳһûĲһֵ뷨ºֻͬԼѾһˡôԻƽ壬ô˲
ûھǣ˷ǡ


437 ԭ
ڣۣͣմϾλ£öȶͷ飬֧Ӧ۽ְôֳıȥˣ
ɲС棬㲻þǹͷء
໥ƣʲôɲãŪôķ
̫ҪػȴǱвӰ߶ԭԷ
ҲǺ±˿͵ǵ˶֪Ҹһ֪ˣСȸˡ
˵һ֣ʹҴȥ
иɻ󣬱뿪ԷģֹƽԾͳ̫ҺǱߵĳ۹ȥ
ȿƽʵĺá
Ȼ˵ƽº鰴˸ıڲ¡
üѩ϶һƬĽһȥǳ
ƹԺӣǰһƬˮǰأ̫Һرߵĳۺۡôĵ㣬ܿвٹڹæµöڵ㣬ͬһ㡣
˭ʲôģͷ
ңԺڣ̡
ӭһ̫࣬ǳº£ڣ̫ܲԭˣʲôط󲻹麲Ժܰɡ
Ҳǳº°ɣôذڱߣϴų빬ƣԷﶼȥá
̫ٺһЦѾаԷ˰ɣĹغҲøĸˡ
ڼӣŭˣʲôأºĹشĹش󣿡
̫һñѹȥʶԼ˵˻һףګګҪȥȥˡ
ںһһӴ󲽳ǰȥ
ķ羰ķǳһƬïʢİӣԵòԴ
۵幤еؼʱҪľϡ
վ濴ȥȴԭľСȻһ齫ľϳؿѩϡ
ȺУں׵ؽ˻ƽ
ƽϴƾɵĹװϵһϵĹѥѾ˿ӣֻĴָ¶˳ֳָס
ͬ뿪ʱȣƽϵ࣬ͷҲˡ
ȴһƽҲκα֮ɫ
վһСǰҲ˰æһ˰ţؽԭľһͷӳŲڼϡ
ȵԭľźãһֱͦˣȵؽǸľϿ
Ȼ󲻽سǰȥŲԵúȵ
һľٽϡƽϳȻ˲
תһ룬ƽտܹȼʦ֡һŹ뻯ȻǼġ
ͻȻ䣬ƽһסǰһ
ԭ϶ѩô˫ŲȥͲȵɱȴǻ
һȴƽ﷢һͺȣһŽס
һѾǵѪ죬ͷȫǺˮ߳
мƽЩˤҪǰ֡
һµ̫˴һȥǺ𣿡
ЦſŻƽƹôߣʮľϲ꣬û緹
ƽһҲ˵ֻ̫ЦЦҡҡͷľһһسǰŲţֱŲλãҵƽ㣬ֱӡ
ҪߣͻȻ䣬ǹµ̫һӳ鵽ƽϡ
ƽһ˫ֻȵطľϡ
лعͷؿ̫һۣҪģס
ȻƽȴףƽָѾľϻǳǳĺۼ
ʲôŶҵ˾ӡ̫ࡣ㷸ıǵܵķ˲缦ôţ뽫ص˾ۼңǺǣܱܲס˵أ˵۸ɵº鹫ɲ㡣
ƽȴŭ̾Ϣһһƽһˣûӡ̫λϴ꣬ºֻҪϵȣܵȵֺαأ˻ƽҪѾ񵽲ϵˡӽһʲôĹǾôõ𣿵ʱº˼ܶꣿ˵˼º˰˵˼ֻһ˼ûа
˵꣬سǰȥ̫˵ôסˡ
ڿ۾һȣʹ׷ȥסľϵһͷƹҰ㡣
ʲô̫಻ʶڣƷ⳼Ȼ壬ǳ⡣
ƽüһᣬͷڣ΢Цʿˣ˵ڸ´󹦣үĿ棬Ƹʹûκˡ˵ʶ֮ȴµͷһݶ
ڳ˰ͷƹȵȡ
תͷ̫ŭƹȻȴҲʱүһӵˡҪҲ۲Сˡ
̫ҪͿǰͬ˵Ǹ̫ҴҵܹסԱ˵˼仰
̫֪ڵݣ֪Լ˵ֲǿֻñվһԡ
ںͻƽļ̌أӵһߣѰ˸ľ˵
Ҳ˲ͬƽѣʣƹôԱĹһºʹҶ֪ģôͳıˣ
ƽ̾ϢһĨȥͷϵĺˮΪ溣˵һûǵүǣˡ
ڣƹΪһȣǧһĬô溣˵ˣ˵𺣸շҲ˵ƢһЩɴȴѳֵסôıˣ
ƽЦһʿ˵ǣۼʹˣֻƽƽȵؽ⼸ȥȻּȥɺʵ̫ŪûֶۼҲһ̲ס溣˵˼û
ʲôʵ̫󣬲ָı𣿡ȴΪȻλʮ꣬û𣿡
ȷʵξʵ۴ӵǻΪ֮ûٱ͢Ϊһ£Űٹٽξûڵء
Ȼڸ׸Ϊξʵ۲Էի
ǺڿξξҼҽԾ
֮⣬ÿʵ۽ӵƵӲ֪ж١ŭ͢ȴˡ
ԽǴˣԱԽ˵ĸ࣬ȿִֺơ
ңԱһξƨɣӮȡֱҳʱ¡
ȻǶƣΩ˺
ξҲһ㣬֪ЩһǽԼĻȡȻǵԸ
Ժ󣬵Ӷвװơ
û뵽ȴ˴󶯸λ
ƽЦһѹʿȴ֪֮ӣʵԭ򡣶ңһϣ󻩣жԱʦ˼ôȥֻҪ˴һҡ
ڳһһŪף̡
ƽ͢Ѿûٺ»ˣʵȨĹԱãҲÿӿ̨ӼࡢࡢԺŵĹԱճûбʲô̿һûУÿ¿ָǵٺ»ңͿʼˡǻ£λˮ㡣λȴһȡûٺ»Ҳ˴ǣǻʵ̫죬һ֣ҲŹ
ƽЦ֮ɫŨЩ²ɣȴųҰۡһ˺Ҫԣǰλλ̫ϻһ޵Ļ
ںȻɫԣ


438 н
ⰸӱϿȷʵܼ򵥣ֻ΢һйؽڡ
궫ϾΪƶȣȥһʾѿ֧˵ҲΪܹһŶԡ
ΪĻǷʵ̫࣬һͷɶԱȻž콫ԼĿվֲ
ǰĲʵ̫࣬ʤµĲȥû𣬾ʧˣʲôá
ûʵֽƶȵĹŴһ񻯣û취ôӡˢƱйծȹѹңҲϰ߱Ŵծӵϰߡ
һǮһʱŻծȴû뵽ִᣬĸҲǷծ
ǿɣһ󾭼壬Ƿµծƽ̯ÿͷϣԲ֮ޡ˼ҲһϺãѹǣӡһˡӳîѩһȥǡ
ձľ÷ɣ󾭼塣ǷµĹծȴGDPҲûǱ
쳯ڡ
һʺþѿ֧֮ʵĲûһ
ңǰÿ꼸ľҲǿպͲġû֧Ҳٽһˡ
ɻʵ۲֪ȴĥţ޽һʾѣһӶӿáãɴҹ̣޹ۡǮ
ǣһӱͿˡ
ھԱнˮҲûǮɷ
úһ飬Ӻˣôһʱ䣬ʵ۵ڶûʵȥ̫ϻʵĻ
Ǿһϵù
Ҫ֪Ļʵ۶Ȩһ￴üڻȨǰûʲôɽֻҪ˶ԼĻʵλ÷սɱ񣬷ɱ
²úôԼξӣֻԣҪ㡣
ʵʷҲʷϵһ¼Ҳ˵ĸΪ˻ʵۣ֪ξű˳
һΪھһģ
Ҫüξλϭġ
ƽô˵˵ͷӦˣΪʵ̫ңн壬̲סﺣ˵˼û˴»Сȴ봥ŭ꣬ˡ
ϴһ˿ʿ꣬Ҿһ䣬ǲԣˣ
һ𣬾þóĬ
ƽҡͷϺͿˣġΪҼ㣬ʿ꣬зƽϢ£
ڿЦƹ뿪Ǵ꣬ջһ죬һĨڣʲôӿ룿
˵˼仰ͻȻһ£ƹºô¡˵ͬҲ̸ôͻȻԻƹ֣УλԷⶼ˲˵Ҳǳ
ƽ΢΢ɫһƽͬ˹ᡣ
ڣɣºúõĶšԣλ飬ôȥվⲻǳֺᣬʲôҲƹѸߣӡ̫໹ģ
ƽҡͷⱲӡ̫ģȨ󣬸㲻ûͦա
ڴ棺ڲס
ӹŵֶӡ̫𣿡ƽһЦ
׹ȨǴþˣƽİӶˣνǳ¡ӡ̫࣬Ȩνһ֮֮ϣࡣ
ܳŴҪ̫ĲܣؼҪ˸Ҫܳ£ͨЭҡ
˵ͷӣ֪Ļʵ̫ܷ࣬ڹؼλȥ
ҲǹٳһǱ
һĶͷеЩ˼븻ԣӡ̫һְº飬¸Ͳʵ
ûüȥԣҪЦˡ
ƽǰӣƽѩ֣ʮˣǰ˱ǡйԱ£Ҳûֱóº͢Ƚµʱ˵һ仰óºȥʡƾ仰˳ºŽ˾ӡ̫ͷǺǣӡ̫ͷɲճʿ˺ĹٵѪͬһְܹλģֻҰĲľˡ
ڵͷӦģ³ºĶˣҲ
ЩţȻº⹬Ͷ˾ξȥ鷳ˡ
˵ŻͻȻ䣬һ̫ԶԶܹ̫ະɵżһȥ»ţһٶԱ衭˵Ҫ͢Ҫнˮͷź𡣡
ںͻƽͬʱɫ䣬ֵԽش
ֻ˵ֱǷĹʵģȴû뵽ôԱҪٺ»
һΪԩš
ٷչȥֻûʵѷλĻҲ˵ˡ


439 
룬Լǰͬº꣬Իƽƹһȡһ³º顣
ƽ̾ϢһϣòºѾ鶼ˣܻͷʿ˾̫ɡǧˣôѧɱϣ
гأգԷſֳô£ȥۡ
˵գͬƽ֣æߵԷſڡ
ߵſڣͿºżӾҪ¥
ԭԷűһߵĳ¥ӣȻߣȫԵƻֺ룬ʽͺϺ»Щ·
¹ڲȳº¥ͼæ׷ȥ
Ŷԭˡº鳯΢΢һͷȴǰǰȣˣڶټѫշ൱ڻ£ۼҵȹϲš
ȻԤϵѾ־˵ϯлһ¹ཻĪ棬˵ЩڿĻʲôΪΪ£岻ݴǣ̸ʲôͲ͵ģʲô
ºЦʲôǹ˺𣬴ҲȺᶡ浱Լǿòˣʿˡߣүһ˵£ʲôʱֵõǺ˵˵
ףſ
˵꣬´һŴ򿪣ۼҵҪʲô˳ıӵˣ
Ż򿪣ӭʹһ
ڷȥȴѩϹźѹѹһٶԱƷ߹٣нһ衣
ڳһһٶµĳǰҲһٶȫŵϹԱǵһΡ
Щ˶мᣬޱǿ󣬶ʱγһεѹ˼ҪϢˡ
ڴſڵļ̫Ҳݲ԰ףһʲôʲôȥ
ռҲûзԱ¼ɹģСҲǶʮˡ
ǰһٶͬʱԷΣһλڶʮǰġǡ¼С
ʱξʵ۴ŭֱʮԱ˺üʮˣͳͳץһʱ䣬Ϊ
Ϊʵ۵ĽڼȻһĻȻ֮æǰȥҪǰǸԺʹܴˣ찾һҹϢǹʲô·ӣӵȽͨ˾Ȼͨ˾תڸڸƱ֮ȥ˾ࡣܴǷ͹٣Գ͢ƿüأܻ˹أ罫Ƚ¹٣¹ٴȥȱˣתܴ˿˿ɺã
⻰˵úڳҰʢ˶Ҳһӡ
ȴ룬ͷǲü߹٣ʲôʱ˼ԺʹһӶֻ֪˵Ĵʱͷˡ
ޣһһĭѩϣָڴʿ꣬СˡΪһĹ»ֺֻ֪ûùڲˡҲǸ״ԪҲʥ飬ôΪ¶ʵģһˣ
СˣԱҲƿڴ
һʱȺ鼤ܣн˺˼
˴ڴʲôӣЩС˵Сǲ֪϶ǽϵıˡУռ£ǾͲߣ
ԣл

ڱ̧ͷҲû뵽ֵô
ֶˣҲ˼ءʵۣ峯ͱ˾塣ҲػĴ̴ܹ˵ξʵۿɲǸöԸˡ
˵ǺİӶѣ˵£ôͳʵͷȥˣ
ҲЩջ𣺡ˣҪҲҪ£ƾǿģƾǳ͢ĹءǼСˣֻ֪ԼĹ»ƾ¹ٵĳԴھǰˡðȥǰ߷¶ޣƴòΪǣΪҳˡ
⻰˵һǰʿúԺѧʿ״Ԫʵ۽ʲôֻʵھţʮ
žô
úõܶȥڻǸ¸ڳеεˡ
һ뵽ղŻŵڹٶ
ɼȻѾֵֵزҲܾô뿪
Ҳ֪ǹְԼ߳һأҲԼġ
֮ƣֻȰ˵ֻҪȶͲʲô飬Ҳܻˮ㡣
̾Ϣһ˵λˣǰһҹһʱֻ¼ǡλ˹ҲǷӡҪǶ¥ţܱܷ硣ȥ£ֻȱһѣͱȥǿɺã
ھȽ˰ӡȻȥҼξʵ׼δá
ô˵߹໥ĬĬص˵ͷ
ȷʵʵ̫䣬Ҷһˡѩ죬˾ܲסôȥȼʵۣȶ˲ɡ
ļôȥҲ޷Ӳ԰
ˣ̫һһֱ̧ȥԼҲû취ֵ
ڼҶͬ˼һɣҪȥеӡ
ۼŻҵĳҪȶԱߵĳºͻȻɫһ䣬ͻȻϵ裬˾಻ӡ
д󺧣º鲻ǵ
ƽ˵ûºˡ
̲סתͷŭؿųº飬¹
ڹٽһ󻩡
˴˵ʲô
ºȵչأӦȽȥͨ˾ȻڸڸûƱ⣬˾಻ա
£ŭˣڸڻһȨ
û׸Ѿʮûеֵˣ˭Ʊ
ۼžҪ̨ϸţͲȥϳմĹأֻ׸ƱȨ
ԺҲˣָųºıӾͺȵʲôڸǽ쵯ľڸȫʬλز͵Ω裬͢ҳһţºڣ
͵תͷ˴󺰣ʿ꣬ҵھڽ⡣ǽմ˾ͶҲ˿
ԣ͹ڵȡ壡
ºŭʲôطҲǶܹģǰûٺ»ѣֵ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ϸˣ
һҧɭɭس˺ȵˣ֣ۼҺݺݵش򣡴Ⱥֻ֪ʳ֮»֪Ҿ֮ķ
£һȺķӾͻľƤ޳ǰȥͷԵؾͳڹϳȥ
ȺԱ岻Ȳ֣Ҳ򣬶ʱƤ
Ѫ㣬䵽ɫѩϣľ
˶ſڵϣš
ڱѪȵһĻôסˣȺУжƷ٣СҲƷº˵ʹ򣬻֣̫ʵ̫ˣ
ڴ˰죬ʶºǰ鳯ĵط֡һ׽ʵۺʹǵìܼԣѲ˸ϵϾȺ˺ҪûʵѷλĿںšͲòüξɣµĻԣ
º飬ǽˡ


440 ǿĶ
뵽͵һ𣬼æȺȥЩķӣ𣺡֣
ʲô
ס֣
ǹӺͱӰһʱϾǡ
䣬úʵۣǹ۱˺ˡ

ɳºȴڴУ˷񣺡򡣺꣬Ǵ󲻾ͬ棬ѾΪ˵Ҳѵʡ
ڷŭתͷº飬ʲôô˾ʵ𣿳ô£ƽϢ̬ɿΪ
ºХڣҲ뵱Ҳ͢ȣٺ٣ۼȻ˾ʣˣǶˣҲʿˡǶ˲һԵ͢Ϊҫۼҽճȫ㡣򣬸Ҵ򣡡
Ȼһӳڵͷ
ڴһң
ͳ˧ȻȻشһơϾսϼѪģǶķһһ־ˡ
ӴڵĶǲȻƤãǲһѪۣۡ
סͷݺº飺º飬ãõúܣ
һȴѾյֳ׳ûˡ
ºҲһݣͷת˹ȥ
ס֣
ۼžһ׮ѪͻȻ䣬ǱߴæܹһȺˣΪ׵ǵڸθףǸ߹žڸԱͬʱˡ
λͬʱ֣˲֣ͣ˵һߡ
ºٻ쵰Ҳλǰ룬ֻսɭɭվ
׵ˣһٶҲ˲òϵѪֻڵϸ߸߽еӾٹͷ
ˣڸûãԲ͢ԲϣҲԲǡһȥɲ֮С񣬹ҵĲˣжǷҵٺ»ڸסҲӦõģ˻ϣḷ́
ڸͻʵ۶һҹҲ˲ûؼңܵ졢ߡŵ۾ġ
ϣĻǰҲ֪ٱ飬˵ʲôһҪȵʲôʱǶˮŵĹԱûʲôȫ΢ٺ»ά֡ⶼˣⲻҪҵȶ𣿡
̾ϢһˣҵȵĴɹˣʲôӡٺ»򾩹٣һǺüʮӡѩ֣Ҫá͢ǮĵطˣѵЩ»󲻶ǵٺ»𣿡
ʲôѩ֡йԱЦûǮٺ»ȴǮ޹ۣϺӾڻͷϡλǽͳȥűµ淸ֱҪûϽԷͣǵٺ»ˡ첻ʵۣǾͲȥ
ף˵˰죬Щ֮ô֣Ϊнˮ
ϾҪˣ漰Է⣬ѹϻ
һʱ䣬ҪԷﴳȥ
˭ңºȡ
׳һ֣λλϢʵҪʥȰɣαӲأ
ߵӵݹȥһɫ
Ӿʹӱóһſˡ
һƨ£ڴǰҪһţܸ÷˰ɡ
ž͸߹ҲվͬʱҲһ
໥һۣͬʱͷȻλǾ͵Ȱɡ
һ׵ߣסˡôҴ˹»û취ʰˡ
ҪٻԷȥξѹûУ·ʱžͻȻڵݹȥһɫ
һͻȻףԼȥξޱҪ
žԼɫȻԼȥԣԣ϶ģ
ֵ֮󣬱Ҫٺ»ʵȴҪԣˮΪΪԵʣʱүıߣֳҲѲ
̷ѾȥܶҲû˳⡣
ԣҲ֪ҳʲôӡ
ʵ˵ǰûȥΪ˱ӡ
鶼˻üëʱ̣ȴҲ˲ôࡣ
Ȼ֪δ飬ܹҪүһ²СңԼջرһ죬ͷϺϢޣҪǽ
뵽ڵҲȥˣתܡ
ܵ棬ֽһӣ˵˷λʹ߽ηߡ
뿪ʱǴӴ϶ﳯ濴һۡ
һۿȥȴǡɿֽվϤӰ
˶űװͷƤȻ˿ǵĿ
ڶʵ̫Ϥˣλװһϳ
Ǿ͢º͡μĳ
һɲ䣬ڶʱ׹ǰһĻμģҲֻ׳ֶƣ
Աٺ»겻鱻ץǰ顣
ٹԷ粻ƫƫڽ죬ĳĹ˭
μ˾Ļˡ
ֺǿ󰡣


441 ฺ
ʵʷأںܱ֮ĳҲűͶΣܾĥڱڵгŴɱδڼﱻѺ֮󣬲űͷš
֮μδؽϼңǱɶĻš
ʱμ֮־ΪʱľԶںϵĵ£μϣͲκη
񣬾ھǣֲһʵ߱˶յĳлĻᣬܹǻǱؾȳ
ںͬĳǽӴһʱ䣬Ͳ㱻һãȻ֪÷ǳ
ôϬĽɫ˾һ־˶ƣͻȻЩ
˵խǸС˵ġΪǷûʲô˲ǰͶ뵱꣬һ۾ͱɸôʿͶȴ֪Ҫϲʲôӡ
ͥ£ȴϣһСɫѡ
񣬰ٹٱƹº֣Ѿֳչȥѻ͵յԣˡ
֮ƣþȺԱɢȥ
ڳǹԱǻǼξЩӡڶԼξʶʵԸǿӲԽǱȣԽǲϷ䡣ԣΪ׵ҲԷ棬ξ˯֮Ҳ
ˣҲԽԽ
˰죬ڻûνֵ⡣
ԴǣǰǱӻеһҲ۵һЩ͡
ŭº鰡º飬ȿˡɻӽǵзѣյ־һʹˡ
⻹ڵһεԣȵ˴ſڣŷãףЦĽлӣƷأȻүʧǡ㻹ȥ̨͹ɣǾͲȥˣñ˴û
ڴŭٷϻĹүڿҽȥʮ𼱡
ŷһ죺үɲܼŵģٷϻݹҵ񡣡
𿪣ڴŭһӣҪ洳
ŷҪ֣ͻȻ˴һס֡
ȥԭǷ뱣
һŷֺõЦˣ㷽Ų̺үôˣ
ó뱣λĸߡ
뱣ү˯ţ·
ŷЦָҪ˵Щʲô뱣æǰһһ֣˵صľǣô
ڣȣү˵
뱣үżз纮շҩ˯šȻˣȥ
˵һ֣æӭ˽ȥ
뱣˹ŷɻʲôͷʵְҲͣô뱣˹ңүãҲδؿϼ
ںͷ뱣ߵ÷ɿ죬·ϣʷ뱣ԣôˣ˵
뱣̾ϢһΪһ£´£յүͷϡүҲ޼ƣַߣһ𡣡
һסڵӣˣмǣһҪү
ڿЦʲô취ȼүһ˵
뱣ôˣ
ڣºģԷſڳ¡
Էţôˣ뱣һ
ڳү˵
ڵ鷿ȲƬ̣һæվתͷȥͼԣڷ뱣Ĳ߹
ԣһЦڸܣ¹Ҳ֪ˣǹڵǧôˣ˵ÿҪ
ڣүˣٹԷ衣Ҳϻµȥͷβ˵һ顣
ΪȺ˺ҪûʵѷλĻڿԣȻʧɫ
ȴԣȦȴһ죬Ŀɱ£Բ°Լֻǣ̷ԭڸȴû顣ٹپңȴ׽ӣһ˶մıߡȴֻʿܹðգ˳ˣʿи̣֮ҲʿĶ飬ûգฺ
ǰԴӺʱ䱻Ϊ永֮ԼìͷָԣǰͬõĹԱ׷׻رܣ±ǣȥݵʲôֻԹܲ˵ġȴðűʵ۴Σͨ籨ţѼ飬ԣм
ڼԣһ̳֪Ҳ˷磬̾ϢһүҪż飬δؾ͵ͷ
үŵͷ£ַ¯ϣŵ
ŵʿҲ̫ģĻ̹һ㸸ҲúܣҲûʲôµġ
ڣ粻ֹǹʥľѸߣⲻСɱΡС˶ƣ䲻ƭһδزɱһʱʥɱΣʹ߻ҵΪ˳Ĺ
ԣͷ̧ȴΣʿ꣬Σðó³
첻ԣ⣬˵ȥˡ
Ϊ͵ͨ籨ţ˳ͬүһͷԷ籩Ƿһ÷ӡ
ȴ룬ԣѾţûȴеϣԼϡ
ǣҲûޡ
ԣһڴҲľܾ
ʣүһˣ졢ߡλʲô
ʻãһԣһʹࣺʿ꣬λʦѾûˡ
ʲôʧʶԡ
ԣԴӺ鰸ؽ³ϳŭѺ𣬲λʦѧ
ˣҲġأȨǰûκԵģξҲס
ͷ豭һڣү¹á
û취ˣ첻취һػˡ
ôʵʷϣһؾôȥأ
æԺｫʵʷط·ʱξĽҲܼ򵥣ֱץˡ
ǣ϶Ѿڳܶץˡ
ôԱºˣڴ滹治ʰˡ
ôأôء
һҹû˯ƣֱסĻʱæֺһѾĲˮſѹȥ
ʿû롣ԣСţʵڲУôˣģһ㣬Ҳúܡ
뱣һ֣뱣ʿˣȥЩҩˣѰһӹϡ
үˡһȣͻȻ˸뷨ԣԣ˸ǫ飬֮ദ崺硣Ҫıƣϻ˭ܱȵùμҪ˳ȹأ͵Ե·ˡ
ˣ뱣ȱæͨһ㣬һүӦȥԷ


442 ں
뱣վסˡ
ԣȴһʿγԡ
뱣Ҳг̲סʣ⡭ҰԣǶҴʮĳ׷񶨣һģ⹴ᣬԤııƹìͷָүӻȴȥԷ䵽ʵ˴˴δүָʾģ
ԣҲһ𣺡ԣ뱣⻰˵öԡ
뱣ָµҪ룬̫ĳ˲Űóְλ̫ǣʵѧѲѷɫһĽʿڹֹ͢Ķǵ꣬¹ʱĹԱǲ֪ǿ϶١
ѹĩʱĹ̫Ķаܵôҡ
ڵͷ뱣˵ȷʵȴԳƲ⡣ȴǷǳʱڣǳ֮ʱ÷ǳֶΡȷΰٹٱƹүָʹ͸öĻ󾲹䣬ôȥѵүʲôҲϴϵ𣿡
ԣ˳˼
ڽŵΪ֮Ǿ콫һ¼ƽϢȥүȥȰ˵ֻҪүܹ˵Աɢȥ˵үĻ̹޹𣿹ˣүܶ㣬Ҳ㲻ȥ̬չȥͲʰˡ
ԣΪүӦùȥ˵ٹȥܹһӡ
ǡԣЩԥ²һ淪Ĺأù£ˡ׵ɣ
ԣǸӣҲˣ̲סЦ
ԣȻڣʿηЦ
·޷˵ԣҲ˳ȥЦݣɫүˣסҳȻΪжԡڱºͰٹٵĿУѾүΪˡǵԡƷ£үƷУµԣԣ̩ɽǰֲɶ־
үʸн࣬ҰСΪһֱûдкԶȴΪֻ֪£ҲЩԥ
¹ϵ֣үչʾС֮ʱˣڱĿȴвͬķ
촽Ϻ룬վһҾүӽЩ˵ģү𷣣
㡭ôĵӣԣʹһ²輸üϵĲ豭졣
Աߵķ뱣Ҳɫ
⻰Ѿǵķ룬ԴĦʵ˼
Щ£˵ã˴աȴھȻôӣ˵
ԣβʱʶǳ⡣
ںη̧ͷԣˣˣһѾ˲ˣүϡ
ԣҪ˵Щʲôɾڿеȴȥ
ãһѽڷ̾Ϣʿ갡ʿꡭѾӡȥƹİٹ١ЩԱɲǺ˵ģ˭డ
仰гһокˮ΢΢߳
һү˵˵԰ٹ٣
Ҳôվ˵
ԣ룬ŵΰٹٱƹ˵ˣҪǷٺ»ʵڲУƼΪüʮӳոϡ
Цҡҡͷүִˣо仰ô˵ģʳ֮»Ҿ֮¡үɲǾôԽ޴ҸԱǷٺ»Ǻ;ģ
Щԣɫ׵ز԰ȥ֣ʿҡ
ڣһ仰ޣ
취ڸղѾ˺ܾãԣǻ۶ܲΪ˿кǿ˸
һ㣬е塷
ڵү¼˰ٹ٣ֻ޾ˣʱȻᱻүƷ¸жɢȥġ
˵꣬ͽ¸Щʲôһһ
ŴҴҸǣ˽ӸϻԷ
ԷſڣѩϹԱǻš
׺͸߹žһϣؿˣʹϧѹ
е˶ڣɪɪ
ǳºȴǴЦڴſڣһ׺ᡣ
ߵߣʣϣ¿ѹˣ
׿ɬص˵ͷѾˣֻǡûг
ʱпʼҪ¡


ʵܲ䣬ͷվҪ洳
æ쿪˫֣侲侲
˻ͷȥȴͣڴ
ԣӽ첽ߵʹǰһѽǷʵ֮ҵģҲҼŴҡ
˵꣬ͷ
һ޲ҪѾѩϹĸʱĹԱҲ̲ס
һʱ䣬ضǺ
˸ۣϸ˿ȥͷм˲ûᣬ෴ȴһĻҰܡ
ֻͷ˳ºһۣºɫҲ׵˼
⼸Ҳʶģϵˣ־ͬѲ˸ϵ
ߵظسһڳԣ˾ͺãȻûʧ
ž͸߹˶໥һۣȻϵϲɫһš
ôȥҲǰ취ڳǰһڱԣһѡ
ԣѹĨһᣬ˿Ҫ˵һ仰λ
˿һۣĿһ㶼©ؽҶ˸顣
鷢չڣѾ籱ʱĵӵģɫӻްڵر磬ĳ¥Ѿȼ˺ɫĵ
ѩɲţ·ԶͣƵġ
ƬƬѩҲƹӡ˺ɫڿ˸ͣȻ紵ɢ
ԣļ󳼶˽վųʱ䣬Ҳˡ
ԣ˵죬һһ䣬ȴԵ쳣ʥƣ޲ǵĸĸƶ֮¸޲ǵľ̫߻ʵ۵̵ٹжϰʱҲ˵ϣӶڸֵϣڵܶ֡ҲҴӻ׳ֻһ׳ֻһĺΪ޽һ֮ǲӦʱȥ¡
λ˵ǼξŲùȥ޹һ£Ǵ޿ɱ粵һٶԱƽռʥ֮ʥ֮ԣϰ˸˿۵ñӣү˵ֵȴֻˡ
ԣ˵ڹ飬мҵĹڸĹùٵĹǾ֮ҽ쵱ڸԱŵ棬λ³ϴ
˵꣬ͳذȥ
˳һһ䵽ѩϣڵܳ㡣
סžҲȥȻҲҪ˳
£˱ĹԱпʼһء
ԺʹǼûүҵȵĴϳϳͻؼȥдһӣ
ҵԸ
˶׷վתȥ
žڶСú°
е⣬ȷʵԣղ˵ǶλԼģ벻Ч֮á
Ҫǫһ䣬۽ȴǱߵĳ¥һϮһ
һǼξʵۡ


443 ֮ŭ
ξʵѾѹҲѾ˴ſڣŵһĻеġ
ԣıֿ϶Ҳ䵽ˡ
ԣΪڵƣЧȻֻáǣʵоôȴûеס
һ仰Ūɳ׾ЩԼĵġ
֮ĴǲĥҲ޴Ӱյģ黢Ͳ֪ʲôʱʵ䷴ȴԼԣ˽ȥ
ΪģҲ˲ûؼңǿֻصξʵ۾ᡣ
һݾͿжطһ̨ͭ©ξʵС¾ǧԵĵۣվǰ棬Ŀתؿʱ̡
ͷɢţҶںҵϡ
̵̫һ԰׵վݽǣҲҶһڡ
꣬ԷİٹٶѾɢȥ뵣ġӲͷƤǰС档
ξĿ⻹ͣڵ©ϣʱͭľϵֵһ̶ȸˮ棬¶֣ѾǺʱˡ
Ҳ̧ͷξɫԵɭʱٺ٣Ⱥ鼤ܣڣҪ˶ȥˡ
Ȼӣһ飬װһӣ£ĴѾ֪飬Իؼдȥˡ
ʲôʲôʱϹˡξ̧ͷһٶԱÿЩһӣҲޡ˵ϴһ֣ίҪԼֱɣǿ޽ۣǻһ˰뽫췭
ҧݣʱٶԱ˳ţ治Ƚմ޲ҲǶɱˣʲôʱ¹£
Ŀ̧𣬴Ӵ󳩵ŴȥԽѩ䵽Ǧɫ
ǰҪڶ೤ʱ
©ˮһε£
ֻ̫ˮξͺεԼϣźˮ
һҪȰ⣬ξ͵תͷڣĿúһѵӣԣһګǸʵСӣȴǻ˸Ƶġղһϯϲ鲢ïڣ²һλ˭̵ģ
ڶʱЩţӣԣıʵڹ𣬹Ѫܲˡ
֪ĪΪĸףû˱ȼξԣһʲôˣܲ˸ָ
ڣԣ˵ԷаٹٴǼŸϹȰ˵үǸؾ˵ǲ˵֮ʱʲôҲ޷Ԥ⡣
ЩɣҲ֪Լ˵Щʲô
ԼǽŵԵʡ
𡭡ǿǶξȥڵ©ϣȥ
ǰͭ˵ϣˮһء
꣬ү̫޺Źһء
ξͻȻȥͳһŵҩУϸһƬ졣
ȻЦ޷Ԥ⣬޷Ԥ⣬⻰㻹˵ˡڣ֪һֱΪԣǸʵӡɾڽ죬ʵӻ޴ؿһ۽硣ٹϱԷ췭ظϰݡƫƫԣһᣬ͸ƽ˾Ϣġ
ҡԴڵĳƯ
ٿ˫Ŀøϵǳһ㡣
һ㣬ξʮ˰ɣôᡣ
⻬ÿһ˿ƣ
ŴΪӪҽĹϵһʮͳȥʮͣ˶ϵüƤ׷ξֱһĴڡ
ҲǵҩԻ˵ĵطڷɵξڷѾˡ
Ƿƽ˾ˣ˵ȴǺգξЦţ˵ҪѷλԣλĻ𣿺õúܣһ£ԣ˵ʿģԵ޻ܡ
״ģ֪һĴѾҩ̼ѾԻˡ
һ¶Ĵ̼ǳԲ¼ɶɵļξʵôҲ벻ССһ¸һ裬ԼʮΪرڰٹټ嵽Էʱûʵ۾̫ϻʵĻüξ𾪵ͬʱ뵽һԤııƹ
Ȩû˱ȼξеķеĴζʧˣ˱չְؼȥˡǻʵʧܣȴûκ·ߡΨһģһ֮
Ȩǰʲô飬Ҫŵһߡ
ȻûŻؼңȵξǶԵġ
ڵıŭȴԣľǲ֮ա
ξԵҩʵ̫࣬жԽر꣬ܶ໰ԡ
գ취ԣһء
Դǰ͵͵ȥиԣô֮Ѿ׵رԣսϣһپ٣һ


444 ڵһĴ֮
ô˵ξأ
ӼٵתţûξͻȻ˵һʯ쾪ĻΪ
ǰ˺˵۾ס˱Ͻ·ˡ
ξסЦڣ˵Ըеţôѧᾰ꣬Ӳκ鷳һֻ֪Т¾
һͻȻ⡣
Ц¾ТȻ־ַ˵Тܱȵԣ
⻹ڵһڼξʵԣ˵ûҴͳλ֮Ѫ죬ǣУҪôһɳ죬Ҫôͷأûתء
ڵĳðյġ״ԪԺ룬ʿֵ䷶ֻ谾ȥʮ꣬׵Ϊࡣ
ˣǰڴڻʵǰ̸ԣĶԴ
Ѿû취⣬߽һ𣬶ͷϾͿԣӡ
һһ򲽽ճɹԼͬìܣֻʵ۵ĵһʰԼ
ȻʵʷϣԣǻΪۣʱյʷΪֻڣѾĿȫǣδ飬˭˵أ
˵ʵʷϣһûڽ꣬Ҳûֵ˵زǣλ֮
ΪԼĽ㣬Σڵñסԣ
ԣξĿ⾼ڣڰڣúܣǰ갷ɽ벻Ҳ˵ûˣ˵Ƿԣĺôˣ
⻰˵ɱڣһԾѺ徺֮󣬳͢Էϣݲóд󳼽ң˵ջҪĻʵߵĽ
ڽһӦԲףȴľɱ
Ѿ⣬ȴ£ϾصͷǣǵЩô
õξڿʼˣſڵƹѩҲ
΢΢һЦ˵ôӵģĪ̫ƽνҡιƽ£ǧ˵־򣬻ʲôĺƽǵĺô󣿽հٹٴۼһҾ֣ԣһ̸Ц֮ͽΡǵԣĺôڿԼһʢڱͷˡ
ξڳȴĪһɣɫҲ
ڴȣ˵ТĪǣԣĴТ룬еĴǶ뵱˳±䡣Űٹٷ论͹࣬ܵÿ죬ֻҪǸ
ˣּ¼ڸĸǣ˭һСľѪ֮֡Ҳֻԣ˸˰Σڳ嵽ǰǴ¡֮ܶ飬֮˵ڹ٣˴ǣ˴Ǵ֮ˣʲôֵأѵǴТ𣿡
һϯ˵˵ϲξһθоڵƱ磬òź޺ݵðɣԣ˾ǴТ˳δûɣ˵Ŀա
ˡҡ
Ĺٵ沵ʵ۱ǳ£ξôʹˣ
ڣʥƣТвġ
вġξüë
ĵʱТιѡ˲ŵʱѡТӡһвٹΪʲôԱȡ㣬ʲôĸʲôḸܣТһŪңҲ顣ǽĿֱǲлȡɡЩ֮ôԴΪ֮ףԱТȥ١𶯻Ȼ˲ݡɼˣҪԴΪģΪģʵТ֮һ֣׸ٳĻ
һ˵ҲΪТʱжͳ׷һΪνвġˣ¶ҪģҲûʲôˡ
ңԣյΪԳ͢°նһ£ΪʲôҪΪʲôôأֻʶԴĿģ˾ˡ
ξһλüչˣãϵĳˡ̾Ϣһ૵˲ˣвġ䣬ȷʵǽʥ֮Զȥˣ͸˰ʵеʱ޻ķĲеĴ
ԣТ֪ģռ䣬ҲЩξһ̾ϢһҡͷɫȴɪǶԳеĳǲİҴôԱܹ˵мЩˣھԣϴ⣬ˣ޲ܲղϯͻȻ뵽ǲ˼Ǻͻ̫ࡣ˷ʥͣû˽еٻҪҲ⣬̡̫ж︣Ҳܲôࡣ
ߵǰڵϵĵ©ĻͻȻףʵԣȴǸвŸɡе֮ˣľҲӵĸֻ֡ռ޶̫ѹĲŸɡҲǸ÷ֵʱˡˣҲҪ̫̯ӣҲҪˡˣҲˣȹ꣬ԣλһޡ˵⳯еĴ˭Ըԣ
⻰𺳣йŵļ̫Ҳɫ䡣
ӣξ¶Ҫԣλˡ
ȷʵԣıʵ̫ɫˣֶΡȻƷԣһӦеʡһȣȴѾ׵ıȥ
֪Ѿ˵˼ξгسһ£бǬٶϣҴ𡣡
ξЦԵɣͲ˻ͷýˣҲʹģԣΪͷ۰ɣٹһ޿Բʣһȴᡣͬʷ꼪ȥʺĻ
ǣ¡
ξָָڣּɡ
ڿ첽ߵǰʡ
ξ΢һ˼ʮӣԲһ齣ʳζףϽǹǧܶӣ˼׶֮ҲǨԷΨһ֮Աܷѡκνһһ۾ڸٹ衣Ұж蹬ǷٺǨŭޣ֮±һ˹޽ʮʡ׳ڸ󼰸˾ȴֹ޴س޹һ˶ѣ
ٹڸޣ䲡Ҳж裬ҲŶԡ׵˻ͬԣһߣҴҰաһղһղһղ¹մˣ
үү
ѾһＺگˣβʶá
ʱȺ̫඼ؿͷ޺
ȴõϢگһ˼ͣԷۣ򻧲ҪǮ
ڶ˼ǣ˹Աٺ»ԣڸһͬ취ϡʽԣ־Ϊʵʵľ˵ݡ
ǰԣȻǼξĬϵĴһֱûֲ˵Ҳܹʳ֮¡ǰͷˡ
һУν
УͻȻΪԣλ˵֮Լŵһλ


445 
дگ֮Ϊŵ©кڵϵˮҲһڶݶǰɫˮ
æ̫ǵݹȥһɫŲŻæӵ޽ʹš
һһҹû˯Ҳ۵ùꨣξʵ۸ǶȥݵˮȴȻһҪ֪ξΪõҩж촩źʵۣһ죬ȴƫƫֻһϮᱡĵװŴ󳨡
λؾȴֻʵȻ٣ȴ˻ȻЩܲ˱Ϻ
ЩŹ֣ѵ
һɲǣʵˡͷ֡
ʱ򣬴ԼǷеһξͳһŵҩŽ
һηõҩʮǰҪãƵʣͷ
ڴ󾪣æ£ҩһ֮ȻԹ̾磬ʳ̫Ƶֻ¹Ȳ
ξЦЦ豭ҩ£䲻õģⵤüã޷֮ãõЩҲЩģҲȥʹ˵޷
üͷԭⵤҩǺ˳ԪƵġǼСˣò׵õʵ׽ĻᣬȻҪԳʮ˰ֶ̳衣ʲôҩЧ죬ʹ˲ҩԣͿɾ¡
ڴʱ˽ĵҩ֪ʶ֪νɵຬдȵĳɷ֣ܹʱ̼࣬ѾһڴҩͶƷһĶ
ξôȥܲ
ȴû취Ȱ˵޵һ¿Ǽξۣκ˶áɲɵӣ֪ȥŭʵۡ
ֻǰǸоЩ𣬲گʱӵ
⻰û˵꣬ξɫЩѿˣ˰֮壬кɵĵҩɡ
ǾԼ˵ЩأξⰮҲһգЩȥЪһǰҴֵ֮ɾˡ
Ȼʵ۶ô˵ˣȻٷϻǣ£ˡ
ͳԷԻؼȥˡ
ӻؾڲչ⾰ȴô£ֻȫͬ޻һ㡣
һصңҲóԷֱص䣬ֱӵڴϡ
ӼһԵЩ԰ףһүôˣˣȥȥʱ̫ҽ
æ֣ʲô̫ҽŪô鷳ҿû
ڶͷǵʣүû£
ڽǸ˳ȥһⲻǲ˯һһҹû˯˭Ҳɫ
һһҹû˯ӳԾصɴ۾үԷүֵصʱ򣬲˵Ҳ˯𣿡
ڿЦⲻǴŻر𣬻µĹʵ̫࣬ڻûŪꡣӣ㣬˵ˣҺúõ˯һɡ
Ѿ׺ȥѾ˺ʱ˵ģѩţ԰лľ棬ãһлѩأԵ쳣ס
ֱӵڴϣֻƬ̾ʹ˺ࡣ
Ӽʵ̫ۣЩۣæȥѡ
ȴϱһڵĲӾͽѹԺʣʲôʱˣ㣿
ʲôˣЩɻȴ֪ʲô
ԭԺҶʱʾʱġ
ôһ˵ͻȻˣһƨڴ˯˶೤ʱ䣿
ӣ˯ţһʱ䶼˯ɣ˯ɣȰѵ
ãһ顣æӴµأЬӾߵǰ
̨˵ˮīɿĥ
ҪʲôѽӼڰҪ񣬶ʱˣһеīȵү׳ʲôģҪ£ˣ
ӱ֣ʮ֮¡ɫ˵˵ԣȥԷȰһĹԱ¶ȻѾھ̳ɲֻ½ϲ֪жٹ֮ҪҹߣĦּľ޴仯
ԣҲ֪Ҫҳʲôӣýǰڼξ﷢һϸͬ˵˵׼
һֱͬ˵ǺɫǳءϾͬڷô꣬˵ĸ鼫áڶӣЩηڹλԺա
Զ˵ǵһΣ˲Ѱ
ǡүĥīˡ
ӣĥһīֽ֭ëʽī֭մñ
ڽӹʣֽдߡ
룬ҡҡͷżһӵϡ
Ȼξ˼ҪԣȲ֮͢Узһ̣ʵȨƽȽӵļ
ƶȺڼҷڣ󳼲ýύΥߣĻϲ⡣˵δĴˡ
ͳȥҪ䵽ڵҲ군ˡ
ˣھûǲдΪá
ǲдأ
Ҳã˼ǲôĦү´ˣЩϼξ飬Ҫᡣ
ʱξ˵仰ʱֻڳ뽫΢˼׼ȷشȥС
룬⣬̿һһӶ͡
ûڻ
ûдԽ֮ǰҲ֪Լһջ᳹ݽⳡʵξҲزȥ
ΪΪĳ״Խ׼һѧϰࡣ١鷨й˴ʫδʺͰ˹ľ䱳ù죬ΪԼ簲Ļ
񣬿ƾѾ׽Ҳ״Ԫ˹ĺʫҲʷʹ
鷨ڴСѧдüáôĥȻΪһ鷨ҡ
ҲܵóȻȴһһ¡
йȴĶ̰塣
йŴ˻⾳
ֶԻҪǳϸûǸӣĶҲģ
ִ˼ѧϰ࣬Խ֮Ҳռ˲黭ճġɼǻúܲ
Ϊ˽Ϣ׼ȷشȥ˵ֻ׳ˡ
ڻԼִƷȻǺġһƪ
ڻֽϵĶЦүòʲôʱˣ
ڽֽȵīɣ⺰һ
Ƭ̣˽үԸ
ڽǾֽ۵һ߼װһŷЦ鷳һˣȥԣ˵ھүǷ֮ʿ黭Ʒǵһǰںݵʱͬĳд黭ĵáһջһүƷУ⼸ֶ
ӹŷ⣬ͻȻЩ˼үղ˵ôһͨС̫Ҳǲȫ
ڹһЦȥү˵ڸջ˸ү֡
һЦСˡ
һ֣ȥ

ʱͬһԣȴһŻҡ
ʱԣôһ춯صĴ£ȴ쳣иɣĻˡ


446 ƽ
ʵϣȰ˰ٹ֮һصԣͺˡ
ò˵Ϊʵ̫ƯȻ⣬̨ʶǸ״Ԫƺˡǰһѱһᣬ֮֮ıݣˡ
үֱǾȻԼڵʱδЩˡ
Ϊʵ̫ɫϳзԼǰλͲò˸ʵļɡ
ʻ
ֻǶԼͣ
ǡ
ʱ򣬻ʵ۵Ｚگˣһʱ͵ԣ
ΪӣΪξĻʴʾȻôһگ飬ԣȻĵᡣ
ɱ˹鱯ˣگǾ䡰ٹڸޣ䲡Ҳж裬ҲŶԡ׵˻ͬԣһߣҴҰաһղһղһղ¹մˣȴԣľ
ӣԼıһ˿©С
ȴ˵ҪԼĻҲ֪ǻʵдģǹ̽
ǹ̽ԼҪƴǣܣԱûʵ֪Լû˼
ô꣬ȵòһܣˣҲ֪Ҫȶ೤ʱ䡣
Ϊӵܣû˱λ࣬ȨƻҪҪԡ
ֻҪԼסһλᣬֲԼİףûлˡ
Ȩģԣȴ֪Щʲô
һϣԣֻûʧ״̬ŪԼˡ
үʵ̫æӹοүӦûµģʿǵʱһӣд𣿡
ڵʫ£û˵ġıﻮǱȲλʦ̷ڡүͻȻЩŭλʦΪ˱ӣٲϹ̷ȥ˸»ڰ̷ھô޼𣿡
˵ԣ涼ǻںޡ
үʿıӦúܸߵģҲ뵣ǡ
ʲôܸߣҿδءܶĵģǸ壬⳯еǧǧ򣬿һ£Իʫ˵ҪøȴǴľЩ꣬ǽЩ˶͸ˡԣ˵÷ǳԱǽڿ̫ߡ
ҲЩջһǿ֮ˣүǰʱΪʲô淴ȥڣȴߵѽүôûʲôΪ֮
ʱѾЩͷӿʼϾǸĺӣδסʹ£ҪȥҴ飬ҪȥҴ顣
ԣԼҲǷŭŶӴһסڣţ
ӻ¸׵ģһȣۣһ
æӱס۾Ҳ߳Ứ
źͶӶԣҲܣҪ԰ο
ͻȻүԺѧʿڸиϼ˹
ү໥һۣӱ˴˵Ŀпϲɫͬʱ롣

ʿԼ鷨ңôñˡǸͷڴϣԣ˰죬ȴҲס
һ޴̫ʯɽᾹŹ֣ռ˽һƪϴСҪһþˣһҪĸо
ڼɽʯм䣬һϸӷ̽ͷں֦Ҷǿ
ΡΡļɽ໥Уγһ΢ƽ⡣
ûʶˣʱ۾һ
һ׼˻
˻ԪʢⲻΣΪʿϲ
϶ҲǶϲģرӡԪҲ٣͵μ
ȴ˲ͬ£īɫŨеȴһ塣
ԭġһ֣ŵīͼͻòãֻġƷӵĶֻ߶ԼҪܸߵɽˮͲˡ
ƫƫйֵģĻճӦʱͨѡӺͺɻΪ⣬һѾҲҪ̫ʱ䡣
Ҳˣͺɻĳļ۸˵̫ߣҪʵ̫ࡣһŴɽˮûò
ԣôʣͻȻЦүˡ
ʲôԣתͷӡ
үˣһ仰ƽ
ԣһ𣺡ңһˡ
ԭ˵ϷȺɽһȴֻһһ˳ɽ̡
ֹϲˣׯɱ񡣺Ƿ֣ɽرȼʱٰٰıһŴᾪӴܣͷҲһһ£Һóʱ䲻ٳ֡ӣɽ̵ƣÿϺӣƣɽԿʱҲһЩܣͶڻʹ֮ѡ
Ǳĵǣƽһ˵


447 ˭һֵ
ԭ˼ԣ૵˵ڱǸ鷨ңԲԵ޹ʵػһ뱾֣ȴҪңһаã
û˵꣬ԣͳһ¶һ˿ϲɫʴＴߣϲŭ޳ѰҲĥ͸⡣̺ľںͺ˳ˡ˵˼ģ˭һȴǶɹˡ
ȴҡҡͷү⻰˵öԣҲԡ
ԣˣ˻⣿
¿˿ˣͻȻһϴżϲү־չ
ԣ󾪣һѽĻôأ
үճӼһ򲻹֮£ȴ֪үǲİȴװڵĽɽ𢣬Ϊʷǡȴǵˣү뿴6
ָڻϵɽϵӣʥּ˵Ŷԡ׵˻ͬԣһߣҴҰաⲻҪү𣬻үлǣ⻭Ѿ˵úˡүֻŬϣĻ̹ù̫ࡣ
1ԣӲ۾ϲ⣺ҲǸʵ˼
˶ʮ꣬ԣѾʮˣһ˵߷͡κжν׳־Ҫһҵ
ԣҲԼҹѪҲѧͨȥƾ٣û׼Ѿһһٲʢˡ
ҵľǵ˶ʮĴ˵Ǽٻ
˼ģôҪԼˡ
ٻʵ⼸һУ½ѹԡܡ
˵˾ȨسһɨգһԼǰһŰֽ԰Լ⹴ͼ
ģ֮
ԣˮˣˣˣڰǧ֮°ԭΪԶϣԭΪԼǸϥлĺͯȴһתۣʮȥˣѾ˰׷Ѿʮû˰ΪһҵԸͨ˼ңٻܳϦڸĸദ
Ҳ̲סүصؿˮǱˣִŻϲ
Ҳ֪˶ãȵүȶŲͳ־ȥˮүǱ߻أ
ԣѹ̾ϢһҲǵģڵʱͬѾģɵȴɣ̷һøҵĴ
չһЦƣ˲ɣ˲áүҲΪϵλʦˣ̷ȥ˸үЩҰˡ
ԣǸεص»ڱǲԵģϧܵǸ
˵껰Ǹд£̹īݺᣬд˾棬ձƽ߽
©ҹűƽĻظ
Ϊȣүۺܸѽ
ԣ±ʣ𡣡
˵꣺ˣ⸱ڸеˣ֮

̹īݺᣬд˾棬ձƽ߽˿еĻ֣ҲЦˡ
дԣԼԣӪˡ׺ȻȲԣϦദ̷ڡ紦ҲȲ졢ߡλ󳼣ڶ֮ãȴǱġ
Ǿ仰׹Ҫˡ

ô˵Էǰǳ粨ȷʵѾ
Ϊⳡ粨ǶյĿʼѾ˽ìͷָԣرԣÿŰٹɢ֮ھԣֶκͲŸɵͬʱҲ˷˼⡣
û뵽ڵʵȴһＺگͬԣߣʽ̨ĵط
ʱԣĴǳ׺Ϸֻһ̫ӵˡ
ֱ仯Ȼס߹žΪĴϲҲþһϵ˷硣
ֻе˶֪һжǸջرһڣһֵݡ
Ϣʵ̫һһ춯صϢþ޷
ˣգȴԵóƽ
ųĸɫ˵ȣڹǵլ̽Ϣ£򣬻вȡ
ļξʮ괺עֺͲƽ
նסڴ£ѾִûžۣҲܲ˵ɷ£ȻҪΪ
ʱġݸĿ嵵İ£Ѿ޶ϣ׼طС
Ϊʢ£ԼӣټʱȥǵﻯԵһӦùˡ
æ£꼪ʹŹڹȥͬһʺ
£ڶŵͷϣĸ׵׼ᡣ


448 ɹ
ʵ˵ڶǷǳûкøСЩһ⣬¿ģвϽã˭ճ˭ù
ǴǶӣƾ֮Ϊޣû취Ҫλֻͳͳ򷢵ԺࡢӼˮţЩũί۶֪ʶӡ
˶ˣ΢ԼŲɧ⿴˭˳ۡ
ǣʹ˭˭ϸߡ
ƫƫȺ˻۷򣬵ﲻ𣬼ǻʵۣҲûκΰ취
ԷȺֳģǺ鱻
ξҲˣȻ˵ץ𲻶ԣôⰸӾͽǰˡ˵ôô죬Σļǰʧǣ󲻾ֻӲģܲܽһ֮ɣ
Ϊʵ۴ھͱȥ˹۲Ա
ڴ֮ǰȻͬǽʿڶȺ͢ǾлģûͬǴ˵ˣһʵ۽ƽռ䶼ڼξߣ뵯ҲĴ
һ꼪ȴͷȻ졣
ⲻǴǰ촳ʱͷǸԺʷ
ͷǼʶģоЩ
æϣһ飬ųһһ˲á
꼪ϾŴޣĴڽͩˡ꣬꣬ʮꡣξʮʿںֱޡߪ۵¡ʷ¡Ԫ꣬Ҳԣǻĵڶ꣬ͷȻΪ飬Ԩѧʿ˸󳼡
Ȼ̸һȴҲʷԼ֡
ҶĴˣ׻˵磬
һҲ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ӵúԴ˺죬ھͬ׽
꼪棬Ц˵Դԭڽˣǳɶ½صģ˵ǻͬأ֪ˣҾ͸ϴݰš
ȴ룬仰һ˵ڣ꼪ʲôţΪͬ硣ļͬ磬ǷҲҪȥݰݣ
ЩûȤϵȻ˺򣬿˼һǴ׸ֲҵôͰݲˣ
꼪ǲϰݣЩӽһϲ߽ݾǾ֮ھͲ˵ˣ磬žȻȥףأд˰ķӭ֮ǣû˶ġ
˵ޣһѩһĭʲô¡ʲôƥڸȻײͣڶҪˡ
ںһЦžȻдʫΣϵ۵ϴѵġ
ЦԼͻȻҲЦҡͷˣȴ
ڼЩʣԴˣⰸô󣿡
ô󣿡꼪޺޵𲻹˵˼ʵѣ¾Ҫɱͷôֱ֮ʿҿ˵˵ġξξԼҼҽԾ֮˵úе
ڣԴˣԴˣͱɧˣں˵ƷʣǺġⲻΣñסһ
꼪Żعͷ¿ڣ˵˼ǡ
ڣұ˵ҳƶȣԹٿɷ¡֮ǰʷҲ⡣
ɫʵⰸû취С
ЦЦвͲкˣȥǡҪȰϸϾǰʧǡȡ
꼪ſԵģǶԵģֻϧ
ͻȻ̾Ϣһֻϧշʵֻ̫²Ϸ¶ҪӮȴ˼˰ΣѰˡ
ڲΪȻƲƲ죬͵ֲɵӣѰ·ϸֲҪ
ﾹȻͬ꼪˵磬ҲЩˣڵ̻ǲģǹС˻Ǿӣ˵һҲִ˵һưɣ
ã˽ȥ˾˽ָʹɹϣҡ
ϣұǾѹ֮һʮˣĿ࣬ӡΪ˲Ц仰ҲŲһƨˡ
ʥּϣҵҪ𣬹ƻõȵȣλ˸ɡ
꼪ȻŭӵʥּˣǼϣ㾿ʲô
ϣޱؽʥּӵϣλˣ˵ʥּҲһݣǶ˴ģҲ˵Ҫ񣬳¹æأôҲõǰ²ֵǰɣ
ŵʥּ˭ô֪
ں꼪໥һۣһͬǾУǹȥ
ⰸж־鷳ˣʱﶼвõԤС
ֶβ̣жĴѺ˾ȨֻҪ䵽ҲѲƤ
ԼһӦǣ⣬ⶫҪúءȺ֪֮꣬ǣк¶²סڿڡǶҪˣͶ֮ã͡
ȴøԶЩȴ򾲣ӣͳºһǾҪ׮󣬿ܴܲӺĿڹͳЩʲôߵԣͷϡһѾ嵹˻ƽսԣҲ¡Ⱥ˻Թģҧס˾Ͳɿڡ
ϣһǲſڣŻɹȻҲʥּͷʥּȴǸյõģȻҪµּΪ׼
ϣŲŵͷȴλˣɡ
ǣһ˾ͳȥ
⻹ڵһ˾گҲ䳣˵ΣЩ档
˵ĿУνһһɭڡ
ɵ߽ȥȴطȴ̫һûɭϵĽ䱸ûкηеֻһһ䲻ĺԺӡ
浹вˣϵıҲ򾲣Ժ߶˵Ƿˡ
Ψһͬ治ͬǣԺûֲκλľǷ˶ذɡ
ʲôηֱһԺ
ϸһ룬ȴҲŪˡ
ŵļɲʲô˶ܽģȷϱ׼ûƷϵĹְ붼롣Ʒ£ֱӾͶȥˣĻô鷳
ΪĶǸ߹٣йŴС̲ϴ򡱵˵ʿǣȻļѺ
֮͹ˣҲûԶĿͷаο
ϰ඼磬һʱҲ糿ߵ㵽˵֮䡣ó٣ɫδһƬš
߲˼һСԺ⣬ϣվסˡͿԺöˣºˣ͢ıһ˱ҪƻʵλЩˣһҪԵûЩ˾ߣڻʵߣڣʹ߲𡣡


449 ̹Ȼ
ųºһڵ˾Ϳ̫ཫг˳
ںʷдŨһʵ٣ڻǺܺģȥͿһСڵСͷӡ
˳һŵ͵Ϸ˵Щϡ裬ĿǿӲԵþǿ
ֽ϶һֻ֮ľ벻磬һϣʲôˣٴҲǴ粽СĻרԸ
ͶҲó͢շҲˣҡһΪͷŶһ͹⵱죻Ϊֽȫһû취·ֻһһǰŲŮ˵Ľ鲽֣δûж˼
ճţһץסԼ̫ƿȥµسǰ
Ŀ絶һº顣
ºЦ⻹ۼҵһ㣬ʵػۼ㣬дӿǵ˭⣿
ͻȻЦһ˭棬ֻģ֮
ЦгмС˵ҵʳ¹Һһǣϣǵ˭⣿
ºԼŭһܺãǸˣһ뱣סˡҪҲ˵Ƕ̷µʹסʮ˰㽫ˣҪ벻ǣˣ͵ϳͬͷôʲôҪϵ𣿴ȣ¡
˵꣬һ֡
Ѻ̫ǳºĸʱͬʱ䣬ߵùȥ
ǽ̧ͷ
ʱ˾ͬʱϵ߳ȥžˡ
ޣһһѪµѩϣôĿġ
ں꼪տʼǣȴû뵽º˵־Ͷ֣ͬʱһס֣
º͵תͷڣĿĹâһţԭˣ֪Ϊ£
꼪ôУº飬ôӣƣ̲ϴ򡣺ôҲƷĳ͢٣Ȼʩ̡͢桢˵滹ҪҪˣҪдӵ㣬
һóºɱ䣬Ц̲ϴ˵úá޾޸ȴҪӣǧжˡٺ٣̣ãǾͲˡ֡
̫ӵץ˰ѩݺݵںϣʹڱúסΡ
ס֣ס֣ס֣꼪ˣУº飬ڵʥּʺĻ˵Ȼرܣϴ뿪
ºһʥּۼҲʥּµý󵽣ԴôҲõۼҰ˷˲ֵõɡ򣬸Һݺݵش򣡡
ºİѾ޼ɵˡ
һֱû˵ĳɹϣŵֽǵˣҪ򣬴ҲûãԼ֣˵
ں꼪ӳºԲϣȴܵ
ºͣãǵ꺣˵
ǲ뿪
ǰȥº飬Ҳཻܷһ˵
˵ŻֿĿ⿴˹ȥ
º鱾Цһ˫ֿ̹Ȼ۾ȴͻȻЩ˵ζãŵͷȥ
߳Ժӣ˼վˣͷųº飺¹뵱꣬ҶʱڱߡΪˣҲ֪ģ˴ֻΪĵģȴκϵҲѰɣ
º鱻ڿͻȻЩ̧ͷĸоһûˣȷʵദǢ
̾ϢһҼӵһ壬˵ҲһˣҲܻϲδӶϻؾӾҶ˵塣ֳôͬ˵
º飺ô˵ô˵
ڣ˵ʲôأڻ¹ʲôʲôôڵģ֮˵һ䣬ʲô㣿
ʲô㣬ٺ٣ºЦˣڣǸˣҳºҲѵⶼ벻ҪˣʲôҲʮܹ꣬һ֮֮ϵһ졣ҳºܵõʲôһӶ£ȨûСɷܹҪΪǡ
ˣ¹ıˣʱ䣬Űʱ䡣̾ϢһԺǵзˡ
ºҲͷʿ꣬ͬ˵ãԺ벻Ҫ顣
ڣҲ㲻Ҫ֣֮£һÿɺã
ºҲ˵תͷԺӺȵˣȥ
ˣںͳºǳ׵ؾˡ
˴˶ֻźȴԵ쳣̹Ȼ


450 С˳̨
ͬʱĴѾͣ˶ŵͷϡ
ĸѾȥ죬ͣҪѻ簲ᡣ
ǽˣմƶȣԱĸĸȥ֮󣬱ȥְТܻ꣬سΪ٣ν֮ǡ
ȻҲԱְλߣַǳҪǳʱ䲻뿪ʵ۾ͻһּԱڳΪ٣ûТνĶ顣
ĹԱȻܹסλ͸˲ȴһ۵㣬ҪݡžΪʵ۶飬ԹޣŪϴûȤ
ǣڼξʵ۰ͲýԶԶش򷢵ˣο϶顣
⣬СλТ֮ûܻؾˡѩУһɿڽֵš
ľΪԯ԰ͭߣݻ֮Ϊ£ϵıʶȻʽݡ
ڣ˵͢£һСĵؿžΪѸУһүϵĽ䱸ֻµСһ뿪ǣҪּϵˡ񣬺ѾȥˣһҲ֪жҪչٶְϸܹ˳ȹһأСТֻҲδػˡ
һڳڣоǳã㴩˺ʵĺãòסţֽͭ¯
͢ô˵һǳش͢µĻȻѾָˣظ˵
˵žҪкȥ
͢һȻǸûĸεˡûã㶼ûа飬ȫµ˶Ƿ
ϵǵˣСϵĺģһߡϸϵĲžߣԼôˣ⣬ܿҪɢˡ
ȫϵŲ׳󼺷Ƶʱ
СϽ뿪ǣǰȥУĵĴûᡣ
Ҳĳµķ룬ɾΪ䣬үȴҪȥ
͢¿СãæүȥСϿ˼ڹѾͷˣȥðɣ
ʲôãȥС۽ڡȥ飬ȥǵ
˵úܲĿݺݵض͢£ִˣѵñ˵òԣ
͢Щܲסǣү˵ǣǣĳĲŸɺıͶصĵزΪˡ
˵ĳãһ˵ɫͱˣͻȻμҲǸõˡ˵ʲôҴһӣޡвţںĻʱôû취ڸɵ񣬺ҲҿҲǸţƤġ
Խ˵ڷ߿ҲǺͿģͶʱĴΪǸвŵˣΪϱƴӡ˵ҪͨһҪյֳͷȥһ
µ˲֮ϣֳٹٴԷȴ룬˸Ūɳ׾ںˣԣδ𣬷࣬
̵ģĳǸ
˵ߴݺݵ¯ӵϣյӣɱĳ
һͨйҪ͢ˣæүүС㣬ϸȥ
ͷȥԳͷȥͷ
ȵͷͣ˳ԶԶؾͿɪķѩͣһҴ󴬡
ͷҲûˣô죬ͷϽŷˮǶ֪㵽ʲôطԾȥˡ
뵱Сεȵķ⣬ǻ磬ȴûһͣÿԡ
˳ͱ紵üһͣƨμӣ
͢æסүС㣬ϸ
ôȴǰ߹һµСͷХ߹μ˭
ĪִҶηХСâЬʤ˭£
һƽʹ紵ѣ΢䣬ɽͷбȴӭɪȥҲ޷Ҳ硣
ʿ״ȻӦȫޡϲޱʤȴġãòϣʫʶԣĳǸɽֹ
μվھǰЦؿʣүߣղ˭أ
𿴾ղһμͺèһһҡ͢أ
μһЦС뿪ǵӣҲ˳̨ʱ򡣵µĶҵȴкֵܴջһҪҪȴɣҶˡ
˭
ԪҪ
ԪҪѵҪϢһ
μ֣صص˵ͷ


451 ʲôѪϵ
ؾðİͭ̿̿𣬴Ӻͷһ߽棬
ϵ˪ѩˣʪ˺ܲ
ڲнϣһТݳ˱ݣһ˵㲡
˾μˣ˵һĳˡֳͷʾ⣬ȴкȻСϵĿУμķȾҪصöࡣ
ߵĺԪɿžҾǴ򹰣ԭүˣƶѾүʱˡһġ
˵ԳƶԪȴһ㣬ʣһ߽̼֡
ԼܲգԪ˹ָ
ʣô͵ˣֵȱʲôյһº󾱣ñϵѩѾˣɱˮ䵽ܲղ˵ҪϢ˵
ԪЦʵ
û˵꣬شĻָָϵľʳүô¹٣үȽﱭůůӣ
ԪһСΪʲôô˳˼ǰүʵ̫ˣЩůůӡ
¯һˮһƾƣУдϮ˴ΣȻǼƷŮ졣
͢ҲֲԾҪ˵ȴ˵ؽһýȺȼͬ˵
Ͼܲסջ󣬾ƺԼصһ룬һ
꣬񫣬ָԼľãʮͷ˰ɡ
ĸߣ˵ŮʱҪѡһ̳ϺõĻԺȵŮ죬Ϊʮ꣬ɫ갵죬ֱ֮ΪŮ졣кӣ򱻳֮Ϊ״Ԫ졣ǽϣ㣬ǲ
μһЦǣ⻨֮ǵýѲһӣѣ꣬ζʧϺõ׾ƣԽԽá
ԭµǲ֪
˵䣬ָ롣
͢ȻлɣȴҲźһ롣
һƾͼ˵ס
Ů߽ڻ¯ǰһƣ˱ǡ轡棬ˮš
ԪƾиõʱҪڵĳƣóԳˡˣˮһ̣һʹ˵ʧҲܽζүҵСϻ綡ǣ˵үʫ裬ĳСǴʥ֣䡣
μЦд⣬ԷѩΪ⡣
£Ҳá
Ҿһһ䳪͢ҲС
˵Ҳ֣۶ԳʲôӣܵһµĿ佱ֱǽȥˣ͢Ҳ佱˰졣
͢µõʫʴҵĿ佱е⣬Ǿһһظȥؾ̱ڵء
ͻȻһͷȥǾѾڵϴ˺ࣺѵСʲô鲻Һү֪ǾʲôղҺ;ʫ䣬ҲѰ͵ǵﰡ
Ȼ;ˣμͽһүү
ߵǰ
¡þơһ˸ӣźࡣ
μЦһȻˡ
һϮø˾ϣߵ͢ǰƣ͢¡
͢װ²ѵӣ۾ս
ˣȥɡ˵Ůˡ
˰죬ɭɭصĳүѾˣ˵°ɡ
͢¾Ԫ񲻽Сϣ²ͬү˵𣬱ϾнɾǾ֮ҵȵľ
Сϵ漰ҹ⣬УȻ֪һЩĺá㽫·Ҳлء
μΪȻӣ¥˵үǲ֪Ϥ
ٺЦ˵ˣүʲôҶĺܣ²¡ٺ١
ԶԶԣүͿɲúܣǶѪĹϵһ֪ƽһ֡ԪȻ˵ǡ
Ԫɻ󣺡˴£ƾʲôֻһ絣ܵҲӲźá·оǣУǵҲЩǣ
Сǳ˷̣˵ó
͢ԽԽ룺ʲôѪϵүҶҪȥ


452 ǰ
֮͢Ͷ뾰УʵǵڵƼ
ڳɶʱڵĿ֮£ദò
֮ͬڶһ󣬸տʼ֪͢ڵ;ܾ׵£һȥĹ٣ͬ˫˸ˮˮ
ΪǣƳװڿɱˡ
͢ڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬶ʱһ亹ĵҺûͬԡڵ״ԪӽݣҪԼ򵥡
֮Ǻ˼ա
ȻǲΪԼı£ôҲڹٳϻȻԼǽʿ֪ĹϵڣԼ½˵ڣôҲԼһӡ
ȴԴ½֮Ϊ½֪ñҲժ
һ͢µӾѹ
νܾ˵ż⣬ٸ꣬һҪϻعϼҡ
뵽ֲˡǡʱڱ͢ȥ˶ϣڱ
ò˵ڵĴڸ͢ºܴѹȻĿУ͢¸㲻ʲô֣͢ȴһĪη塣·ڱһ죬ԼͲ˵Ҷһ
룬ôȥȻϼңȥһͶһбĴ¡
ǣ˾ʹ׵ԼдƼȥ˾
Ѿˣǵˣţ֪͢ǸƷĹ٣лϲǺŵƣͺܸ˵ؽչ¡
ʱڣ͢»չʾԼ˾Ρ
Ҳе⣬һԾĸڼ¶Ҫһš
ȴСϵ˹ߵһߣȻǴΪŭҲ˾衣
ҲۣôŶ͵
ķԪҲǸԴ˵ˣʱЩˣС˵⻰û˼ˣȻҾΪҵ֮ܵҪͷɡ⽭ɽģүܵóЩգѲҪɣ
Ц󣺡ߣ˵£ɲһһյ¡лʵ๬µ˵곯࣬͢£ȴǻʵʿεġүһݣҲٲǹԱǵһݡ򣬳͢ôؽƱȨڸȨ˾ֻ࣬һһյ𢣬ʵ۽Ʊ춼뼺ֺˣõô鷳
μС˵ǡ
ŵε˶ʲôã
Ԫһٲ˵
ĳЩԣȰգⲻС϶ǣ֮Ҳ֪⳯ʲôֻҵҲȲꡣȴֻʱ򣬵δѣ潫Щ㡣
㣬ʲôԪֻµȲ⳯־д䣬һղһյˣͦ㲻ˡ
ʲôĳͬʱͺһ
ڵϵ͢ҲǴ󺧣岻Ϊ֪һ
μǰҾ˵ѪǷС϶ǻ磬ŸϹԲߡԭΪ˻ȴس̶ȡ
Ѯȴûһ˿ƣͺڣ῵ôͲˣ
Ԫһǵҩƭ˵ĵط˵ˣɵһȷʵǿ׳塣ⶫѹե˵Ԫһ֣Ԫһ֡ҸĵҩѰһɱ̰ͼе봦һôȥӾܵסǰգ»Ҹ֪ȥǻҪģ˵˰ñ°ݡµѾˣ˵ʲôõҲͶꡣҲҽǹԵʣʵϣҲǸ׵˼С뿪ǵʱҲԤ׼
⻰Ѿ˵ˣȻξɻһ֪͢Ҫҳʲôӡ
͢µҲ˲üװ˯ţ͵͵۾ȥ
ͼμСͬʱһû˵
ãʣĳºǱˣ
μѾ̸ãǻ˾ӡ̫һְпǶºסˡ
˼˾ͺãǵķϣ֣ܹ֮ȡ𣿡
μҡͷֻѣѫ֮νָʹ֮ǰһֱû٣ȴǰͻȻεҪְλϡʵϣɹڳκһɣˡ
ǿȡһµģʵڲУ
μӦÿԣò׵ôҪְ϶վӣһ죬δػֳֻûɡ
СϣϣʵȡͲˣǳºҺܲġ
ԪԳº˵ĸоܺõӣ⣺СϣҿºͺܲƽҲİæ
ЦǶ㣬ʲô˰ͺɿǱ׽֮ˣ˰ͽᶼͷϣҲæţͨȥԣʲ
Ԫ񣺡ȴ
μüͷ룺С˵ǣºСһν֮壬С˶֮С˵ĿУֻ֡һ·ֻ˾ҪȨʱδؿͬһġ
һֵºĲ˾ӡ̫һְѾ˻ƽ˾Ѿһ˵㡣һĻģӡ̫һְĿѾﵽҪͬһðգֻ¾ͲԸˡһˣѾһ֮֮ϣܸʲôأ
ȻǱŰԱ߿֣˭˻Ҫ
Ԫ׹̲סг⣬Ǻãڿɶ˵㣬ºģһ·һҵȶ֮Ҳ
ԡμƬ̣Ȼ̾Ϣһˣһǲ˵Ϊá
Ԫ񣺡ĳл˵θڡ
μȴǲסҡͷһıࡣ
ȴɭɭҧĳǾӣЩǲԸ˵ʵԼˣ⻰˵кηԣ˳ºҡ֮ġõķǡ
Ļ϶ȻȴţǱܹǰС
Ԫһ͵
ղź˵»ԪһҪҩΪһӣҪɵ㾡Ͼǣֺα˵̫ûõĻνΥ
⡭Ԫ񾪵ͷ亹׹Ҫ͸׿ɾعӦҩûʵ
֮߱Ҫİ
ôвͬҵĻ˵ˣ˭ͬ⣬˭ԣ
Ԫڲ
μȴ̾Ϣһ۾߳ˮμ֮ܺ˼ҹ޲ҪΪ˽ɽ𢣬ΪڡһŻ֪μԾͬ˵˰ɡ


453 ʵ۲
Ԫ񣺡ʲô£
μڷңҵ˵Ǵۣ䲻ţȴην컨Ҷźԭһң˴˶Ӧݡлд귴ʡֳ޵Ĵųһǧ֮󣬽ʿͣйۡ
ʲôôԪͻȻ˭˭
˭ڵļϡΪ˽ۣӷǧѾ·Թԡһ㣬ɲҪˡĳͣһ¡
ʲô£
μԣɲ޵ȥݷ𡣡
Ԫ͵վУһ׮
ûҸֻнյķ⣬ȫǼξʵ۵ĳšۼżξûûˣ˸ʵۣǵĵλֻҪһǧɡ
ƷȨζ֮󣬺ԪοϷ
ǸӰ˶ʮŰģԲܾôˣ
Ԫݺݵȭͷ

ۼžҪˣ˶մѩͣ
һһֺո
ԼڵϢԽŨ
⼸ͷ۵ýΪһǸӲͷԸŹ֣Ǹദˡ
Ҫдӣüξи̨׿¸ûпܡ
ԴˣҲûκ뷨֪ʵʷ㣬ξһʱȥξһȥͻᱻǻԣų
Ҳڼ£ʱȻ𣬾͵չ޺ˡ
ҪľӦһ£׮ȥ
˵ҲԭǺͿڡֻһڣƿڴȻǳƪۣڶʱмܲסֻĬĬ˳ȥ鷳꼪
ɾȴͷ綷Դ˱䣬¶ҪӮ
տʼʱ꼪úһеǴжԺмݾءҲǰ˳ǣȰ
ȴ룬˾ͬ꼪
۵صǾ𢾿һΪأ˳Ǻͱ־ʲô
˶ǽʿѧ峵һûûˣѽα˾ۡ
Աõķ˵˵ݵֱǻģ˵öˣĸ֮꣬Ωֲ
һ˺ü죬ӶҲʤ
ھôȥҲͳǰȰ⣬ͬǳ⣬˸ϴûȤ
һ𴲣һ뵽Ҫ˼棬ûһ꣬ЩԸȥˡ
ڼĥ˰죬ӴߵʵܲˣŲԸȥԷ׼ȥʵﵱֵȻȥԼԴһȥá
˵Դӽֺ֮ڻûҲûʵأ
ݼ̹ɶһѾͨڸƱ⣬ʵҲ˺죬Ҫʼʽ
ڳ͢ǷĹԱٺ»ԣҲǸ֮ˣҲ֪ʲôطŲʮӣ㽫ǷǮȥ
ξʮĩֳ˶ݵƽȣٹٴһ´ûзһ
Ҳ֣ȰͲԼߣּµģ
ȵԷͿº鼱عˣҪȥأͷİȷһţּ⡣
ںͳºǳ׵ط㹫¹˵ԭǳ¹֪ʲôּ⣿
ºʲôøˣר롶˶־
ν˶־Ȿ飬ʵһط־˶Ǻĵ֣Ǽξʵ۵ĸ׵ķأа½Ϊ죬ٸΪ˶֮أʵ۵ĵط
طΪ֮ػôӼξʵۼλ˵ӦôΪӣ»ʵûкǾյܼõ̳лλҲǼξʵ̨
ͲһλϮ⣬µĸТΪξĻʿʿǻʵ۵ĸףǼξʲôأ
ѼξΪʿТھͳ˻ʲ
Ͳ˺ܴ⣬ʷϵĴǡ
Ǽξͷλ⣬Һҵʱ䣬˼ξʵۣΪʿζξʵǴԼĸ̳еĻλǴ̳еġ
Ϊࡶ˶־ˣǳֺ͢üξһƨĻ̡
ͬһط־ͬⱾ̫Ũصζ
Ÿڱɣ̲סʣѾ˿һ˰ɣطʷϣȥߴݼϣôʾ䶼Ҫºܴ󹦷˵Ҷ˶ĵط־ҲϤôŽˣŸô죿
ʵž롶˶־ƼģһžѧںԺʮִָ꣬䡷ı룬ʣ±ȡʱĴ£žɣҪţȡελ
ȴڣž֪ˣҲ֪˼θ롣
ⲻǵ
һɲ䣬ΪǳºΪֻԼԣĶơ
תһ룬ƿɲǳºġ˵Ҫûмξ׿ϣ˵ʲôҲûá
ȻºǱµּ⣬ۼ֪Լȥүˡ
˵ͷȥ
еɻΪ˵Ȼܻȡ棬ɶԲǽž
ʵΪʲôôֵ˼
оĲѰ
̫ǱոЩһٴУڣϸѲ顣
͢Ĵ⻹վŴʿ
˼ξʵӵľᣬǶ˾ᵽһŨҩζͬռݵ̴㡢ζȴһ
ξʵڴϣһ·˯ˡ
ͬյͬĿУʵۺû¹ҪôڴҪôϥϴǸ衣
ھͿһ̫һҩСĵߵߣشյڴͷļξʵߡ
ڻ谵Ĺ£ξչȥȺһڣ˫ͬɲһ˫ֽӹҩ룬һһڽһҩ֭Ⱦ
Ͷе⣬㽫ξʱʹһ
ʵѾɿݵÿһ󣬾ķҲˣЩҡ
ֱֻϣݵкİߵ㣬ƤҲɳ
ʵ۲ˣ󻹲
ͷĿһǿѹȥ
ʷǶԵģξֻһɻڳõҩĹѾ׸ˣϾ
Ҳʶһ㣬Ϸҩ
ǰвۣһŵҩ¡ͱܹ죬ϼվͺˡ
Ȼ׼֪ξ˶೤ʱ䣬ദڻǾЩᣬȦһ졣ǰȥӹ̫ͷʪ޽ʵ۲˲촽˲룺ɺá
ξĿȫǿ£ԭⰮ䡣
˼£ָߵ̫ࣺϴ


454 ޿дٶ
̫ɿܹ޽ʵ۾棬ֽĳѥˣŽξȦϡ
䣬óº鴫ĿѾ֪ˣ
ξЩʡ
ڣĻѾּˡлɻ󡣡
ʰɡξ˵
ڣ˶־Ÿڱ࣬ۼžҪɣ;һлôͷʼֻ±಻ãΪ
ξȴشڵĻʣڣһ仰Ҫش𡣡
ǣ
ξͻȻ̾Ϣһ㣬޵ɫǲǺܻҰܣѿ
ЩأشĻ֮
ٺ٣ڰڣҲǰˡξ̵شժһ֬䣬Щص飬Ѿ˽ʮ꣬ճĦӨ͸⼸ȴͻȻ޹أӣǲˡ
Ȧˮ߳˰֮壬õǡ
֮֮壬ƽռ˵öˣˣˡʵǼٵġ
ξ۶ǻã桭˵˶־žǱòãʵǡʵ̫ˡһʱ䣬дһ޲ͣ޵Ȳˡ
ϣͻȻЦ޼λΪۣȺ٣ҪϲΪ˶ģҹΪ֮ÿڣȴܼףֵⲻ޲ҪǶ
ʤˣӡĸԲˣ֪вҪִеĹ壬Ҫǵ
ڵ£ǺͿʡ¼̳дλǼͳǼáȷһУһȥˣΪкˣҪѡΪ峤ѲɻҪ̸ԭȵ峤Լ׵趼ϣ˵Ʒ¿д⡣ҿеЩˣˣ߻ħˣȴԶûˡ
ξ۾ͻȻһϵľ˹ô˵ǲ
ڣԾǶԣǴ׿ҳһ׮˵ͳ֮˹ǹúӶ£Ƶ˼ҸӲϣֱͲܸɳ¶
ʵҲڵʵ뷨ǰڶʷʱҲŪĴǺܲΪȻǸξʵ۸һƺ𣬴ӦǣڹûʲôʧŪô󶯾ó͢ںģɹƲݡ
¾Ǽǣ£ô²ȥСϾʲô˼Ǿ峯͢档
ǣִ˿һ־磬ĺɫ硣
ֺüξʵǾɵ¸Ͳи¶ڻʵǰҲԼʵ˼롣
ξĿ̾Ϣһڣ벻״Ԫ˵Ҳд׵һ档޻ûˣҲôꡣ
ξ˵ָָϵĶѵСɽһ빣žһռϣʲôߣˡ
ڿЦ꣬;֣̫׵ɡ
ξͻȻе˶붼ϲŭ޳סڣ޽ддҲùžʲôж಻⡣һŪһдֻ꣬»أӵȵ𣿡
ү̫ξ˵ֻ޺Źסͷ
ξŭڣ㲻ддü𣬵ʯͷǡʱһһ֣޿ɴûܿġ͸һ׼Ҫ೤ʱܽꣿҪⱾЩԴָֻŵ˵˵޲źݱ
дһ𣬺ܼ򵥵ģϿһѣǡа룺Ӽξòˣܲܶ»˵ڴһֱڻЩĿļƣԸɣ¾µȲ徣žĿǰ٣ȷʵЩ
֮ѡڣһǰд¥Ρʱʾٶʵ̫ˣԼ״ԪֱʷĹʱĶ˵ǿ˭
ξŻ֪ԼֻܹԪòǳϮʵ˶־ҲٳϮһΡⱾҲ֣ÿ죬վܸ㶨Ҳʱ䡣ֻǲ֪žʵʷǷһ
뵽ڵ£ȿŸϵĸӺʷϡ
ξͷȿھͿȻػ
ǡæߵǰžĸӶ


455 鱬
ҲֱӻشʵԼԱⱾ飬δЩšϾŵһط־ҪοϣҪ䣬òϣνһƴĹ̡ڱϣҪװһϸоģ
һбһ˵Ȿ飬ΪֱӹϵξĴ¼Ǻبξһ¼ڴԽ֮Ҳһ˼о
ʵЩգԼԽòʱǴԽξ꣬ƾԴһµ֪Ⱦ㹻Լչͼ
Ȿ飬ͱùˣչҳһԭһֲ
ʷҲûκθı䣬ֻųȥǡ
ʵžԭͬҲ£Ƶдǡ
ΣξʣѵõЩš
Ҳ֪Լǲˣϣܹ֮ǳ׶ԣΪԼļͳΪԼĻʿ
ȴֱӻشֻ£ҪٿϡҷģȳЩʷ϶죬дȴ졣
ξһɣһڿϸһߣ޶ٶģϣһտⱾ鰡Ӿʹ޵ﶼȥɡ
ǣ֮ҲԸڻʵߣξѾͦˡһ漰ˮ̳дͳ⡣
ԣȻ飬ֵڸ󸨳ͳ͢ǵӵ
Ͼûд֣ʱ򲻵Ҳʵ۵ʸֻҪξһû̫ѡ˵һʱĶʱը
񣬾סڹʱ̴ڼξߣʱҪЩ˻û취
λ̳漰ǧ˵λԣҪ⣬ס߹žҲк³
ڣֻ¾죬ҪܺͱһжΪСȴԸ⿴ġ
֮ƣʱҲ뿪ξߣֱξ䲼ּһ̡
ԣʵԼ飬˵Ȼò
˵˶־Ҳû֣ҪдЩ٣һһûκѶȣһڱⱾӦûʲô⡣
ȴôĿǰôŰɡ
ϣҲûŶʣǽе϶һ㣬Ȼξ˼׮
æȶʳһƪǧֵ½ڽξԸȥʱ򣬼ξĲȴͻȻˡ
ԭξľӣһרξƽﴦʹһСǼξ˯ĵط
ξѾ㣬Ȼڰҹͻصбڴϣؿӣ˯ˡ
Լӵӣξ˵ǣҪС⡣
̫Ͱϣ֣һվͷȴһΣصڵϡ
̫
æеӵϣһȺ̫һ첽߽ȥ
ȴüξѪ죬۾ҲֱˣͷȫǺ飬Ҳ˵ôڵشŴ
һŴңڿޣȥξУ˴뾰
տʼʱڻ𾪣ЩɼξѾʱ̣̲סҪ첽ȥҲýϢһʱ֪ͨԣҲ׼
һʱѹʱξһ϶Ҫ̼ξﲻߡ
鷳ˡ
УҪһӻعⷵյʱ䡣ξǰһֱڴ˯ôͻȻˣҲҪȥӡ
һһǶ鵽Ǹ̫ϣʲôң컹˲ɣȥлƽ̱¶ʮ꣬ʹ˵ˣЩҡ
̫඼ǳºˣڽԼȥƽסˡ
һǶ˸ķߺޡ
λ죬ڼξ߸⼸ҪְȨʢһŭѹ˲
ҪὫƽлⶼǳºˣԼεӰֻ£ͨ籨ŵҲûУҲҪͬƽ
жʱһξȻΪ˸ǿʵеҲͦģЩɡ֪ڱһ󲻰أ᲻ȥ
ڼξУҲŻƽɣϾʵ۷Ӷʮ꣬û˱չ˼ξξ϶ҲŻƽɡ
ڵҲϻֱӷסξʣ£贫ƽ̣£˵ɵͷ
ξĺϵĺξЩϣȴɿصͷ
̫Ǻȵּƽ̣ȥʮ𼱡
ǡ̫˳ȥ
ڻƽĵطﲻԶֻƬ̾͹ˡ
һʵ۲Ҳϻ¾ͽ⿪ʵ۵ڣι˼ξһˮ½˰졣
ãξϵȥĳһ˵ˣƽˡ
ԵúܵͣƽǰӴȥ£Ȼ㲻ԡԵĵط޶ϾӲЩ㻹ǻ˾ɣʹ˵ˣ벻
һ仰˵𣬾ʹڴڵشϢ
ƽ߳ˣ꣬ūūżû˼ңôˣ
ˣ齡
ʵ۷ϴڵʣ£Ƿ̫ҽЩҩ
ʵƣĽ۾ϣȴ˵
Сߵ£βûƽȥʱ俪ɳ빬˿ѾӦò֪ġ
һʵ۵״ֱӹϵֺ˵ңñ֪ξҲ֪ҳʲôӣֻ޶ˡ
΢һ֪ξʲôһɵһѾΨһþǶաȴϢҡ
ξ͵۾ڣò̾Ϣһ׼ڣ˶־϶ˣ
ƽȥĨ˰ᣬɿسȥˡ
ڣرµĻѾʷϿ꣬һи塣
Ȼյ״Ԫûʧξһο
ǡҪξȴָ̧ˣһ뿪˵ȥΥߡΥߡΥ
һڴ壡
ξڣɡ
⻰е̫඼
ʵ仰ڱؽ˶ˣҪָɣǼξת߼ݱ
д󲿷˶ǳº£ʵ۲ʹҪϢڵһʱ䴫ȥ
ɤӣõͳֻ˳ü
һдξĸѪУξҲϸ
дϸ¶΢ЦǰıҲʧƽ
Ƭ̣о˼ξ
ڳ˸ƣĵصݡ
£˶£Ҳ˵
ھͻصǰҪд½¼ֽϣϢһԱߡ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ƽˣͳҩԸ̫ȥ
ȵˣæʣʱô˵
ƽˣ̫ҽ˵µοҩʯЧҪԡҩֻܾÿձһʱΡʿ꣬Ҫ߱𣿡
ʵʵ˵ҧش


456 ̸
ʵػƽһһݵ
һĿʿ꣬⻰ο˿ڣ
ڼƽʵڱˣҲǲܡĿǰȴĵʱ򣺡ƹʲôҲúܣȴǱ֮ʱµӿɲԼģʥһάϵҴĽɽ𢡣񣬹޴պдҡ񲡵ֻ»벻һ㣬κ˶Լһ˿롣
Ҳ˲ٵ浽Ǹʱ򣬱ȴûκβãֻԹ޵ķңǲ춼ˡΪӽ뵽Ӧ뵽벻ģҲӦ뵽ƹ˵ÿɶԣ
ƽֹסĬĬص˵ͷ
ʣղȥµʱ֪
ƽЦָָԼƾɵĹװӣôὫǰǸ絽һ˾ӡ̫ͬϵһʿģû˿
ڣܺãʱ̫ҽ˵ģ
ƽֻڵ̫ͬҽһ˵û˵ҪΪүĻ̫ҽͿʼץҩˡ˵˵ǵģѾֻ¾Ҳ׻ˡҲƾֻ»һֱ˯ֱһ˯ҩֻܵүڽһ˿Ԫ˼ÿձһʱѡ
ʱǰһĹ֣ڳΪٶ꣬Ȼ֪ξҪѵΪԼź¡
ҩôҲúܡ
ипʱ䰡ǸʶˣЩ鲻Ҫ˵ϸȻ֪ȥ졣
ø͵ʵƹ̫ҽ˵»жӣ
ƽʱ˵ʮգǡʱпܡ
һɺͷҳأƹҩô£ȴི
ƽһʿ꣬⻰ȴס
Ҳϻʱǲ˵ҩֻҪһȥ¾ͻת
ƽǣ̫ҽ˵ֻҩιֻ꣬Сʱͻѹ
ô㣬ƽʲôʱү밲ڼʣ뿪Ǵ꣬Էĺܶ鶼̫ʶһʡ
ƽЩ׹ɤӻش𣺡ÿʱһ̻˵һ󻰶ƽǸʱ¸ţҪϢһʱſʼһѵеʱʿ˼ʱǰʱιүҩþ
ڳһƹ׾ͺãҶڱߣҪñƽȰؼݺ׷
ƽ˵ͷС޵ݺᡣ
ѹο˻ƽ䣬ȶףƽڼξߴ˶ʮ꣬׿ϵ̸ܵþͺһƵġξΣƽڸЩܲˡ
ãƽųһҾֿ˵ʿ꣬Ѿһͣ˾ӡ̫Ѿˣֻ뿪˱£˾ͺ˻һλøл㽫Ҵӻ̳
ڸ̾һֵ֮ʱƹҲǱһŹġˣղż̫δãǿǳºˣй¶ϢǲҸͷǵȥ취
ڶ⼸˻Щģ߳ϦżĶĿȷʵ˻ܡ
ƽ⼸ھ취ߣֻ»º;ģһ飬ⲻʲô
ڣǸǺá
ƽһ˶ʮӡ̫࣬˶ۼΪڡ⼸˻۵úܣҲһ仰飬ȡˣʿͷһٸĺˡ
ɢǿţԹеһ˵ơ
һЦ룺ǰƽôӡ̫࣬һˣһǶʮꡣڸĸЩ겻֪˶ٲ磬ڹиλȴðȡ˵ǻۺµ󣬱Լ֪Ҫǿ϶ٱȷʵòҲǵĹˡ
뵽һƽѾصӡ̫λϣò˼죬ԻὫ¿֣һ·Ҳ޲ߡʱֻҪ࣬ռξگҲ졣
ǱȴòЩ˼
ռȻѾ˵ݶˣͬƽ˵ƹⱱǵľҪļ֣
ƽ룬ش˵ҪɣǱ˾ڳºУԲ̸ڽͷԵҪҪȫǽϣҪǱ˾Ծ̬Ƶǿ
ƽ̾ϢһֻϧǱ˾ͽڳɹϣͷ
Σ
βˮ룬Ͳκӣꡣ
ڣͷҪ̸ͬһ̸ȡһ£ܷϣ
ƽҡͷֻ¾Ҳȡɹɣҵи⡣
ڵ۾ˣ̡


457 ֮
ƽ˽гܣ˵ҲǳɹĸҵݡųȻи֣ȴԲܡ鲻ɣȴһ׮ôްǣһ׮£ɹϧʱĳɹ̫ƽүû棬˶ԳһֱЩΡ
շתۼϣҲһ仰顣
һЦܹƹΪ˵һ仰ȴ˲ġ
ƽҲЦЦǾȥԣӲ̽һ³ɹ
룺˵̫磬ֻʵ䷴
ƽǺεȾ֮ˣڵ˼̾ˣҲͿˣȷʵʱ򡣡
֮εȲңƽڡԣΪһ壬Ѿǳһ
ξʵ۶Ȩһ￴üأ˿ϷɣҲɻ䳼½ᵳ֪ôǿᵳֻ¾ֶΣԣ˻ᡣ
ɹվӣ϶Ҫȡģڡǡڱʱ̡
ݣξڻ˯ںͻƽС
ڣãɹҲۣԷأһʱƹܷס棿ԼһҲ뿪ξһһŸ¡Ҳһţ֮ˣΣü
ξֻҪǰһȣԷ׼һң˵ǵ⽣ӰˡӲΣǽ֮£ԼҵİȫǺҪġ
ƽɬҡҡͷö˲ʿ꣬ʵʵ˵ԷȫĶǳɹͳºˡ
һƹ¿֮ж٣Ǳأ
ƽԣǸӣôʿͷҲûˡ浽ʱ򣬻Ԯڵһʱס
յ̾Ϣһʿ굱ڶҲͳ˧ǧͳ˧벻ؾ֮ȴûһһӡ
Ҳ˭˵أݼ̹ھͺˡ
зգھĴ£˵ݼ̹µ̨ݱǽε½Ҳ׵شյ˳
ôѾûκô°ʾƽ˵üͷ˼Ȧֻصƽߣһӣ浽һ죬ǰ򡣡
һնԣۺνĳ͢壬ֻܽһ㷢ӵ
ƽ۾һӺáǵڣҲ졣浽ʱֻ¾ͲԼڿˡΪ㲻֪گָ˭ļ̳ˣһı
ŵӣƽҲ˵ԼĹǣͷðɣµӣһӡ
˵
Щ˵ú¶ٲ֣̽ƽԽȥػξڳ˸Եȥˡ
˵ԴӽȴǼξʵϵ飬ʱڼҵӻԱ߱רŵķ䣬ϵҲ㡣
ƽֵʱڻиû˵𡣸ղͻƽ۵һǽʵ۲ΣĻϣҪڶʱסǴݲõĻᡣǣξСأ
ˣԼͻƽƵһ񲻶Ҫ֮
ڴ˰죬վǼݲסƣ룬˯š
һܲʵҲ֪˶ãڱһ̫ѹһʱѾ
һʱǾÿ̽Ӽξʱͼʣѹˣ
һʣʶԼǰˣǰ̫ǳºˣͬΪ˰
ȴ룬̫һĹֺõػش˵ѧʿĻүǰҩѾѹˣʶڰǰˡ
һһԼһ࣬ôǻ˸ˣѵΪƽ
̽ʣƹأ
̫ģڹٸԭְЩ󱲵ģҲ˼һϲýЩûȥ˾ˣҲûЪͻֵѹµĹ񡣰ڴѸߣְ˸ͨôϧӣҲͷѹ
˵žͺȦ
Ŀ̫࣬໹Իƽֱȴڡˣ졣ƽһϾ͸㶨˹ĳºĿֶΣǿɾη
װſϵľȣֵ̫ѧʿһѹʹҵȥء
ãϾȥ
̫ʹˮھ棬̵ú
ϴϣֵľڴæξʵ۾ᡣͬһ˵ůǳȡ
ڣ̫඼ȵӭѧʿһѹ߶أͬ찮μֱϵ¡
ξʵٲǰĻһĵۣúʵһ׵ˡѾһˡӱϿһΣˡ
ɴ˿ɼʱҩжɽһѾҪһ˿Ԫάÿʱѡ
ҽֶ汾µҽЩֶΡ
ڣһЦڣ˶־½ˣ
ڣرµĻô졣Ѿ˸壬д
ξһô죬˲д
ǡӦһæߵǰʷɿڸϳ
ξЩͷͱдˣ޵Ȳǳָָ̫ࡣ
ǣ̫ߵߣӹëʣټǡ
ɤӣʵ
Ȼȴš
뵱꣬ڴѧУ̨ģһͨ˵ùͷƤ飬͸ǿ
ٴ̫Ƿɿؼ¼ξҲ档
Ȼ£˼ȴܵһߣ䵽ϣȴԼ
챾㳭ǧֵģ˴Լǧ֣Ϊ𴲣ÿڸξȴһܣָָ汭ָָڡ
һ̫ʶȤضűӣˮڡ
ںһڣоˬҪȥȴүү밲ˡ
ʣʣ밲ˡƿˣһüξһ۾Ҳ
ϧϸӲ۾ǰѾԼ˵ξӲãڿ졣
Żգȣ̲סôȣ˵ִôǲҪҽ
һ䷸˼ξļɣ̲סüͷһ壬ղŻȻ
ݺݵؿһۣԽԽò˳ۣ̲סǳôӣ궼ˣ㻹ʲô£ĺڣ
ڵӹǿӲأ롶˶־и
סڣǼܣҪƿڴ
Ǳߣξȴһȣסڡ
˴㵵ĿУξҲ֪ʲôطһ͵شȦվһӣ˶־ǳ͢һһĴ£ɲں񣬹ȥ
˵꣬һӡ
ʣӣӡ򬼸ŵɫ䡣
ȥ޺أˣξԽνͨ˻׳
ǣȻްҲˡͷֻʶӡ
ͻȻԼξ㣬ʵҲ֪ξûκƫƫǿһԸñˣԼӿѾ˿ĵزҲóֳֶ
ξ˼ء


458 
Ϊһûһ죬ͲܷͷȨ
رڲصʱ򣬸ҪСεؽԼΣϢס
򣬱֪Լסʱδز˻ҡ
浽Ǹʱ򣬻Ҫȫʬˡ
ξʷ飬ʵʷϣĹ¿ɷܶΡ뻸ɷһӣǰ˲ٿأ
ڻǿξ΢΢ţȻʱпܵȥֻǿ־Űˡ
æǰһʵ۷ϡ
ξڵͷڣò
ʱڽ½꣬Эʵ۴ͷ
ʱĵӵӣʵ۾Ϳʼȡ
ЩɻشϲƬ̾ͻԹȥ
ʱԷ顣
գʱ˵ξҩ֮ÿնѹʱ
ξ֮ͨ󣬾⼸յǲҳֻ֡˳ͺԪˣʼξ򲻴۲ξ״ġ
ξʱ䱦ﻹ˼ڽ̻öȥ
Ȼξͷ˵ȴҲ֪ʵǿʼ׼Լĺˡ
ĿǰԼξĺ¾ΪԼΪԼĸˡ˶־Ҫġ
һѹʹڽ塣
ǻȫÿһֵٶȳȥ
ѽͷѹҲõòˣеʱҲξ̾ӹŵ񣬱༭ʷߣ˭ȵٶȣʱ޾ͻ㲻Ƿˡ¼ȡ״ԪⱲƯһ¡
Ҫǫ飬ξͻȻڣ޵Ŀбཫʵ͹ͷ
⻰ͷһ̲ס˸ͷʵҪگˡ
ʱΪû͢ЩƶȻϡźƵӰӡʵõöֱΪʵʵ֮ʵ֮ν֮
ôвͬʵģѵҪʴˣ
ΪӣȻҶʣ˻ʵȥ¡
ʵ۽ӹ֮ղˡ
ʵϣʱҩҲ֣ξһˣͻѹȻ˵ܶһ
ƽյĻ˵ףһҩ֮󣬻ʵɲܶǵʱ
ξȥжӡ
ЩҲ;ߣһ߱飬һ߰ξ
תۣ˶־ͱһ룬һһ̫¼׵װɲᡣ
ӣվܽȫдꡣ
죬ξһƣ֮һֵ½ڣͻȻѾС˰ɣ
ڣĻѾʮһա
ξ̾Ϣһమ䣬պͻؼҿһٹ
ȷʵЩңɼξ㲻ʱпθ뿪£һжãõĵġ
ξǻȥһΰɣվʮˡ
˽ϵĺãŵѩмпڵģģôܲžۣΪӣʵ˵֮ȴܲáΣҲֻаߡ
ȴ˵ɪ
һҪˡ
ȥɣŮ㻹Ůɿ뿴ȴˡ
Сĵʣ£ҪԣӽӽԷʮǻʵۺԣȴڴСң֪ξδʵ۷ǳ谮νӱﲻӣӿͳ
ˣŻСӡڣʰһ£¾ͻؼȥɡ
ǣ¡ȷʵҲЩˣ˵»ЩãԷҪȥ
˵껰ξȴסҪȥ
ڴ󺧣æشϡ
Ƭ̣ξͻ˹ȥ
ͷһ𣬽ξѵʱҪЩ״Ҳ࣬ѵ
ȥ
Էǳºˣһ·εˡ
ǰúˣܲҵʱõı
ٲ飬ʹæسԷһӼؼҡ
һֻſ˳ӣ˴ſڽݼԼġ
Ҫְ˶ӡ
Ҳǣֱš
ղͻȻſڵŷæӭ˽ȥүظˣӷ˿ɶˡ
Ƕðɣ
ƽ
ڣжӰæúܣϻȥݷüλͬʡ
ŷЦүȥͬΪٵĴүǰġ
ǰɡ
һ˵Ż͹˻ȴŷ￴Ĵйżˣһٴ磬ΪƷ󻹲͡
ڳһô£
ŷЦشүĻɶӣʤǰ
ڣʲô߰ģ˭
ҲѾ񣺡½鷿ң֮һš
ŷӦһ˽ʲôģǸرɣ˵ùүЯȴ˲£Ȼʤ湷


459 β
رǲν˵رɱȲνĹٴˣʵȨְʵϣľЩң߾طӶвͬıƣڵˣͷֲ
״ԺӣеһӶһʱҲѰõˡŷҲݬ룬Ҳε顣
νƷ٣䱰ټ񲻹һССĲνѹֻᱻԼ˲С
̬ȣڸоЩֵֹġϿԼɶʺĵطȥɽָ֮أѾĶ顣ȴ֪֮Էɻڴ￿ɶһһǹƴĹ͡
ȥɽֻûʲôͷصĻᡣһԱǰ̣ЩΡ
Ϊ˽ܹŮ棬ΪԼڲòô
Ҳڿֱص鷿
ڻؼңȻϲ쳣
ͬ˵һֱŶӺŮˣ죬СĵؽүСүԼҷʹ
˵žҪȥǸײӣæ»еŮһѽЦǸеˡڴû㵱˿ĿУ塣ǵһν𣬾Űɡ
Ҳ·ϣҲ׼ɸ˹ȥ¡
ۿ΢죺үô˵Сܲ𡣡
ҲЦӲԣҲֲ˵û˽Լڻһգ˭Ҳס
ԼҪģںʡ
ӣôǣɶ˻ڿ˵Ҫ࣬ү͹СЦŷ˵үԷֵأѾЩûظˡǲţ˵ϾҪˣôܲظߣ࣬үɲڸԱⲻбȥεˣ
˵ЩεʣүλظǲҪȥֵأ
ڣֻ²ɣæֻ׼һҹļ٣һ绹ȥԷأ
ӶʱʮҲڼҹүѽǲˡˣүµˣӾȥƽһֺˡ
ڵͷЩεذοŻͷôͬģ
ЩΣګګʵͬǸľûйϵµױڴȭԱ߳Է̣Ҹѵˡ
û˵꣬ӾЦүͱΪˣǿҲ֪
ѾǶӵѾߣ
լӵˣԭĻķˡ
Ļ֮󣬶Ѻһ
ԺӵʱΪ˿ʵ̫٣طִ󡣱µĿģ˶ʮᡢڿͬĻûݹϵˣǸһ·ñ̷˾ȥ
ѴСͳĻլԴٹˣʳ֮ҵĹֲ֪ʹѾͷԺ֪֮ôؾ˶ӵϲ
ӱϾҲ̫Ժʲôġ
ԼҴүԼػѵ¾Щ⣬ͼӴ׵˵شүĻɶ˺˵ùүЯŰɣܵҪЩزǡģһٲõġڸһǧϡǧңùٶǧүôҲǺԺѧʿˣôҲóڸǿ£ǡ
˵ںһҲ۵ģ
æֵƫƫĲЩŪʮ𲻺Ķʲôݲ˰ɰʲôģʲôʲ󡣬þ˺£ܳԣɵҰ⡢ɽþװ˺üٽҰ˾Ұˣⶫ˭ϡ
ڵ˾ΪһԻЩǳðǸðҰζӣ¸Щ
СЦСͲ֪ƫƫүϡЩ
ͷūô֪أ
һͷԵ÷ǳɰҲСѾͷˡ
Ѽү׷ʱЩŷǼֺᣬûŰֱӽ͸˳ȥ˵үڣȴ֪ģЩүŵ˶֮꣬ǰĻڵʱּ֡ʲô٣Ʊϴ˻ߣ⡣⼸գŷǽŰӵ˴ơ˺ᣬȻкɫ
ǲϰݣÿնڻţ˵ǷҪлүǾţʮģһضÿһһϲȭȭ֪ôؾͽȺ˿ˣԷ̣ȥͬ嶯֡ǳᣬҲûʲô£ȭžͱŷˡ
ͬҲûֳʤ
Ȼ֪Ǵүε֮ʹ¹ڻ˵Ҫү£Ǹˡѷ߷߲ƽ
ڳһı֪ģر̫ȭ֮󣬸ж֡£ֻֻݻܺһϳ̣ƽֻҲˡ
벻վȻǿ̶ֳȣһﲻкĺ
ڲΣƽ֣
ЩΣʵػش˵Щ֣󿪴ϣϲȣбյص㣬ȱ书ЩƴȻŹȴڣŶ塣ʵʱͬ֡ſ˴򣬶ʮڣȴҲκáջǲսϵɱ˹򡣡
ڵͷԭˣȫҲϺŵġ
˵ٲ£ȥй֦ŻʳԼһҪԷҲ֪ʲôʱܳϻóȥҪûʱ˷ɵϡ
˳ȥˣ˵ԼѾظæ鲻ʱ档͵ˣ졣ױĹڣǴд裬ûϵġȥɽְزҪ͢ơ
˵Ұζ治Եкá
һǰˡ
극֮˱½ӣ˱װĳ˺ţȥˮ
ˮڵˣȥݻˮĵ
ʱ˵ˮ⼸쵱ֵѲҲ˲ôࡣ
ճԺûСڴߵүβͣԼˣպ󻹲
ͷһǣߣ취β͸˦ˡ
ĺˡ
Сת˰죬㽫Щβ͸˦ˡ
͵ˮֵصĵط
ˮԼү󾪣ûüݣһѽ𣬵ˮʱȣ˵Ҿͽһ仰
ˮү˵ֻԸˮϵɽ»𺣣ǡ
ɭȻҲ⼸յ飬־д䣬ԼһǱ˾ʲô춯Էҽӳˣͷܵ
ˮܵˡ
ڣãˡ
˵꣬ҲϻŤͷߣ׼ȥԣ
һβָˡ


460 ƽ
룬⼸βͿ϶ǾһϵҲֻǲڴҹҡڵھ׷Լһˣ类ΰ˳츮˸ˡ
סΣ룬ͷȥý
ΣѾû취ȥԣˡһ䵽ǵμı϶³ξѾˡôܴűװҹ͵͵ȥʲô鲻عȥ
ڲðգɾôȥμһỳɡ
õİ취Ҹɡ
ǣȥأ
Ҫ˵ùȥֲμľ衣
ԴԼЩۣҲ֪ͣȥ
УͻȻԼҴжʱһ
βȥ
񣬾ԣжԵӪıƪ֣ҪŰԼ֣ڴ֮ǰոԴѾһıˡ
ڵĶݣһʼͷϼдˡڡ֣Ⱳӣԣĳϴġ
ͽҲһõ˲ţ£ҷӪҲδزܷӳӦеô
գˡ
뵽ھ̽ͷȥס
شүסӱͬǰҸͶӵʱ˵ġ
ȥЦЦ֪ϷǳãܶطԪʱľò仧ۼĵطƶҲΪӲù
ڶϴ˴ڿݼ̹µĽǵĸСЩһ˭ᣬǰиٽڰ꣬Ϊ˷סֱھ˼լӡʵһҲס˼ա
ȴм٣Ȼסƶߵĵز
̧ȥ
شүĻ˭˵أɶͬɹսȴǱ߾ǸǾöȲϾűߣ٣Ҹţò̿ȴŪһѹֱŷǵѡ
ʵҵϲҰζЩɲǮġˣµױսΣǺβΣڵʡ
ױɶǼѪģܱȲϺβͣϷʤ
ڣܺã취ױβͶһܹˡȻЯãͶҷӪɡ
ͷףүܷĺˡ
һҪͷһʧںڰ֮СգҪββͷ֣һ׵顣
һƬķǳã߶խСҹҲƹ⡣
Хѩ
͵һԺǰ棬ԺӵĹģǰӦһլܣ￴ЩꨡΧǽ̮˺üΣϵҲˣӿʿͬͷ
ڵһǰŻס棿
ʹһܲԣһ˿⣺ʲôɥҹĲ˯ʲôԣסʲô£ûҪ͹ǳԾơ
һЦĵǳᣬѪﱾʹһ˿⺷µױǰսҲܸӣдĺˡŮ桢ˣЩҰýͲԭǡȷʵ𵥱ʣֻ±ݼ̹˻ǿ࣬Ȼɳݣͬϵȴ̫
ڲһûòĺϣȴˡ
ΪԺѧʿδˣǳڹ֮ңһԱǣǿͿģµ˵ֲĵˡ
³ĺӴŭǳʲôǸƨ쿪ӭӣǵ컯ˡ
˵ʲô˵һ䣡ͻȻһƬɧȻεص
ȻһȺಲ׳򿪲Ŵӳл
ΪָڵӴˣھүǰ룬㣡
ڽ￴ðԵͷ⺷á
ӱȺɱڵʿ侪һһСĲȵһʯϣ򼸲Щˤڵء
Ц
ڵһ࣬֪Ķȥͨ˵ҼҴүˡ
˵ͽһƬ˹ȥһס˰죬ʶתһˣʦүǽ죬㿴ʲôˡ
һ۾ӹƬԺѧʿ㽭˾ڡʲô߰ġ󡭡ү
ڳͨһڵϣСģСģݼү
Ա߼ЦʦүܺȾͱô࣬㣬վˡ
ʦүһµӵУţȥ뽫ӭˡ
ڴӽ߳ãȥ
˵꣬;ֱȥ
ԺſڵȻ
˵Ӷ˵ͷ·һϣŹֵξҲ֪ϲǡ
ڵֻһǰɶһС٣Ϊ䣬ҲһЩ͡
ʵĳھӵûзչϾиָµְλϮֻΪʵ̫Ϯְ
ʲôطҪϮһְλҲ˵ҪõطƼҪȥ֮ڱһȦûһòЩֱƹŹԱǨĴǣĿɺأǮ˭㣿
ҲиõˣΪս¸ңֶˣȻѲ˵ϲһд˷ƼţóǧϮְ
ϾЩ꣬սʤΪѲȡ˲ʱͶұѲҲøЯЯ
ǮѱױţǻϲüҪƮȥˡ
ѲǿǴȥţ˻콫Լˡ
ʵ֤ʵ̫ˣھһѲ㲻ʲô
ݹţֻһۣȥȣҲ쳣䵭
һȾ£䣬ϳܣɵȴĶ޾İۣѽѰ죬ѿ
ߵüˣҲ˵ȻҪڱҵɾȨȴ
ȥȥʡ
˾ʵڲ£һž͹˰µģһôҲű˲Ƿ㣿հհգ㷳ңҶҲˣξͽʶʶҲ㿴ʲôϡ
ʱĿЦ˵ѲλȨأȥ֮Աţǿ϶ӵġ
ʹȥǷŵݹȥ˵Լȴ룬ǸС¿ֱ˻ȥȡ
ͼˣڱѾ˼£ôǵȣҿǵѲ˵Ƽġ
Ǹ¼˲ŭҪԺǳ⡣ʱ򣬺Ѳ£鲻á
ҲָźѲıӾһͨ
ƫƫǺѲҷŭ˰СģŽˡ
Ŀ࣬úѲ⽮ȫ¶ɵϺŵģȻСһССƷøһȨҲ̫Щɡ
ʱ֪ԼͷǷѲױŸ㲻ʲô
һ뾩뺣ɶݺᱼۣΪҲһɷ򣬿ǣȴȻԼһӰС
֪С
ϾǴѪˣйţƢ¾Ҫ¸ɣʱͬ´һȻ˸˳ȥ
֮ȥҪ˵
տʼʱҲ
ܱȥһ־ǰꡣ
һͷۣôղȥҲǰ취ӣû취ǣԸ̵ơ˵±Ӧ˲㣬ͷУ㻹ûǱȥȻ˿ɲô˵ֻ²Сǣһߣףȥͷ鷳ˡ
ھǴ˿һ꣬ĿȾٱҲһЩ壬Ϳʸΰ죿
ǮǮεЦ˵ǿտڰ׻Ϯְô˵£
ųͿʼ´㡣
ɾΪϴν˵̫ˣһѲ͵ǧʹɾԼµһǧҲȫ˽ȥȴҲû
νʮױЩ˿ɶһһŴġξݼ̹⿿ǾǺƶȣ࿿ǸЩ˿ҰףȻǲġ
ôھǳԺ꣬ͽˡ
ӽȥȴЧ
˵̬Ҳһһ죬ͺһ
ۼžҪǣһ죬յһ̬ȲõȴЦе£غ˼Ȼֹά˰죬Ūɶͷԡ
ȻǸ½һݹϮְˡ
̲סʣɽνһְأ
ɽȥһЦһݹ̬ȸǹദһˣôҲˣǰвĵط벻Ҫϡ


461 һҽ
µ͹ɶͷԣûܵ´˵İۡ
ҲҲֹ
ʶµķǿǸָŷ⽮Ĵڡ
УԼһССм٣㲻ʲô
벻ȴ̬ȣǰƺЩ˼˵ȥˡ
˵žСĵؽӹ飬ʣˣɽνְôȥˣɽǵطȻشɹŸ֮˿ȴ࣬ũҵȸߣһĵطҲǷȱ
Ǹְλ϶Ѿ˶ˡܹϮְõһʵȱѾˣȥȥɽȴҪ
뵽ְˣ۾ϿһۣȴȻԼȥɽ˷νɽʲôطຮɶ˵ֱá
ЩԼ۾ֶ飬ɤʣˣ͢ñְȥɽǲŪˣ
ǸһôԸȥǵطã
ǣְְڳ
ЦҪȥϸ֮أҲǲԣҲһ仰ѡڸ̶ģѲɻò˸ǵӡ벻ôͣȻܹڸΪԷ»
ңʶڸĸϣĿࣺˣɽ۲ҲھǴְˡ
ºǺһЦҲĻͷ˻ʾ£ڴ˴һáҶ˵ʫǾˣȥɣ
һжһ¶ȥϰҲ벻ͨԼʲôʱʶڸĹˡ
ڴ˵ȴǼסˣҲ֪Լ֮ԵȱܹõϮְĶλ˵һ仰
֮һǳԾ֪ڹٳϴʲô
״ԪԺѧʿߵĽʿֵĿģĴ࣬һ仰ܶԹʩӰ졣
˹â˲ұӵĴôԼôһС
Ҳ벻ͨ
벻ͨͲҪ룬Ҳ֪Լˡ
չٳĹأԼҲ³л
˳شһţһȣҲһЩҰζɻܹó֡
ȴһڸϣҵ˶ȴ쳣䵭Ҳû˵ƵġңڴһҲһֱڹ̺ӣû
ûа취ֻܼţϣȥɽְ֮ǰߵл
ھ꣬ѾǵǸȴ֪иɽܹôԼΪʲôȻúܣĴûοϷŹ
ķչΪתƣ죬ԼµױȻԷڴ˵ͷ˴ͷ
Ϊ±˴ˣȻӣԺôƴŵϴˣֻԳֺ˼У˸ƽ֡
֮Ҳ䣬ֱӹ⸮
ǵȵڻɴԼΪµӰ죬ڴ˾Ȼһ棬ֱӾ͸򷢵ˡ
ؼ֮󣬲һͷۼһˣȴŪôһ¡ҲڴΪʲôҪЯԼ£˭֪أ
ϣΪ£ҹ£ԾƽȵȻˣȴһһ
ô£ɻͥ䣬ھûˣƽûá
ҹأߺˣ
սеľƱ£Ϳ߽һԼʮͷʿ
õҲţòϸ˵Ҳͨȴһ˵ơ
վǡ
һȴãܡͷÿڸ
˵գ;ֱȥӼһڿУȴ̾Ϣһĳʵ̫̣öȵϹ֦գ
ʲôʬɽѪɱˣʱˣȵվڣôżôһӡ
ɺ˰죬ȴû˽
ԣ⿴ȥȴױǶηվѩУȴҽ
ǺƢеµóԡ
ȻվɽͲȥˣھǰɡ
㣬ô֪ҪȥɽְһݣֹŹֵĸоǴϴ˸ġ
ͷӴһԭϴ˸ϵģմ
ʲôϴˣҺ𣿡һЦָָһҰβͣⶫˬڣ͹ĺô񡣡
㡭ϴˡԲ۾
ڣĶȻҪ񡣡ûڣ⣬Ҫͬ˵
û˵꣬ͨһȥסͷְࡣ
һѽӵʲô಻ģڲһССĺԺѧʿ
һ˷ܵغ˪ӣ˵Ժ๫Ҫģֱ˳֮Ϊ࣬ϴһ࣬Ǳְı֡
ʱͻȻһһҽС
ͬʱתͷȥȴһױѪԴصȥҲ֪ʲôˡ
¶ǰսʿʱ˴󺰣ϮϮ
ף
ʮಲĺһͨæң׵ĴףұұԺһҡ
սɵϰߣȴǱֻʲôˡ
øȻѾЩˣ˲һԾǰλסȣɡأףסˣ
һͬȻôǿ˵ʲôֵСľϵĻѩ䡣
ҲöȫȸڽУǰн䡣
Ȼ֪ղһĻŪģ׼ˮ
ɱôһǺѪڣºȻǿ
Ժ󣬿һӼʮ׳ȴԵӵ
ױǰս֮ʿæңһ֧֧Ȼڰѩķȥһյͬ硣
ǽϣһ󺰣˶Ťͷȥ
ֻǽſһߴӰһºڿ㣬Ժڽ档
˷ԼҲͣһԾ˳ȥʧ
׷ȥǴӰɽˮɱˣɱԼױűХһ׷Ժȥ
洫һɱﻹУöӣ
ӺӲɱѽ
кЦղ÷ǽȻ棬ɿΣ
ѾͬԼͷʼˡ
һжڼУǱԼˮ˵ȴҲǸ컯
ɷ򲻾Ŷ;Ŷʳִ֮ԼȴƫƫҪͷԡ


462 ǻ
ƵóѣŽ˼ϡ
ȥ˵Ҳһ
ԼʮƤڴֲڣȻһűȴҲʱ˵ƷζϾǳᣬҲ֡
߱۳ȳƣʮ꣬ȻǸ˧Сӡ
ֱֳĶɺأȴͬ׳ò̫ٷ˧ϲ
εؽڻУҿģҸףǴ̵ˡ˵䣬һٸһأҲ岻óȥְҪҲûöȫ
ȻûʲôɵĵģӶˣǾʷġ˵ⳡԼݳģȻ֪ûκΣա
Ҳ˵ôϾϣСƷϵĲȣһ߳һ߹Цʣ˿µĳң֪ʲô𣿡
ŵؿ棬ôԼи̣ǺãضĻɶɱ꣬ϲ֪մ˶Ѫҿ϶ٲˡ
һЦҲִţȻ׷ɱôֱʡ
Ҳ֣ضĻְҲ벻ס
ڣ벻׾ͲҪ룬ŰɣֻҪܹץڣһʲʳˡ
֮
ڣץڰɣ
ôץҾûбȫףɳ֣޼׵Ӷץסһͷײˡߵһӷ޷޵ػش
ɣסڣһǳ⣬ǺӲŲر͡ԭĳɣձĴСгͷͺܳЩͷ
Ȼɶݼ̹ڣҲûҾʲô顣
ô˵аЦеؿӣŻӣδɲ˰
ˡڳԼĶӣһϲ
ǺҲ˵ֱС
ɱڼǹ
ĵƻȴһȥϰշβԣƴϨˡ
˵ôӣ˳츮͸ùˡ
ǾƶߣˮûУٸƽռҲù½ִˡ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ȮɱƽϢȥ
УȺױ˵Ц˷ܵػˡ
ģɱʹ죬С治һȥͱүүΡ
Ѿûǹʵضֽ֣Ŷˡ

ЦУںӾͿѵĹȺϴźʵ޼׵ױ̧ѪģʬһĻһ²廨ʵҲһ
ΪһʿһŽǷ²һţȻкףץͷҪ𣬻УʬҪҪҲ̧Բ飿
СӴԼʮ꣬һףոֵһڣȴԵ÷ǳ
÷˶ࡣ󾪣һŭֻ߳²ɣˣ˿ɶˣҷɿˣεݣμѪ֮
ʿȴ÷滹塢滹ߵࡢ˵𡢾ŵ骡
Ҳ̫ˣǼһ𶼿һƬɭˡ
ף˴Լ߸ն׽һˡҵȶ֣ˣһʱҲ׷ϡҷʿ䶼ף˵ıһ㣬ûˡ÷Цô
ҲЦˣȴ¡
ˣʬ廹ûͽ
÷ССȴһֻ־ͽǷ²ֱˤС
ʲôʲôˣϮʾɳ²еɫɭȻ
Ƿ²ؿһۣЦһһƦأΪԼİҹˣϮ㣬߿Լޣ
˵ļӶʱŭŷ²һȭߣֱ²Ҳˣ۾Ҳбˡ
Ƿ²ӲеҴүүʵ㣬ǵݣҲм׷ʵǸģȴ뱩¶вءǺúһ𣬿ĥʲôú־һɱң򣬸š
˵һڴѪĭٺЦ
ɵ˴ŭٴͻȻһ
վߵǷ²ߣȵ⺺ӣҾһú˵Ŀģͷȥ
͵οˡҲӲѣһ㶣Ȼʣ˻档
ڵͷŲң
²۾һ˿ϲѧʿƷȻŵùġ׵úܣʲô
ڣֻȷһ¡
²ãʵߴˣǾˡ
⻰һ˵ڣҵ˶ɫ䣬촽ס
ھǴ꣬ǰ׳Ҳ˵ԣ;Ĵͳ֮⾰Ǻпʵ۵ˡ
ԼһӾɱˣн񲻱ųն
ͷͬʱһͷǻˣ
²ˣԣˣһҪϻλǾˣҲ̰Ŵ֮˴˻Ϊ䵽ͷá
ڵͷ֣


463 Ҳһŵ
࣬Ӻβɱ˸ɾ÷ϾǸСӣʲô˵ʲôҲܻ䡣
סڣ˵ʲôʱֵСӲ죡ŶӾһǳ⡣
Сһ޷޵رͣ۾ȴ׹⣬ס¶Ǹ²
һ֣࣬Ҫ𣿡
Ƿ²ЩеѧʿˣµĴʿɲܷڡ
ЦЦ˵ĻȻ㻰˵㣬϶ͻŵġķ²ŲŻÿ˼
˵꣬Ͷɷ
Ӧڣɿ񵭵飬ȴûһݡȻղڻ֮ɱˣɺȺǸڵģûᡣ
˵͸ԣΪ֮Ѿˮݵĵز
ڱϿԣûκιϵɼȻô׷ڣѵҲԣˣ
˵Լпܾ뵽һŵη籩֮С
η粨ǧͷأ㲻ýԼһСȥ
˼Լ
ǣԼܹǣ֮
粻ؿǵÿҪըˡ
ǰԼ»˳ˮ۽²ͷˣװһʲôҲ֪ı顣ڽô֪һһɡ
ɾͻȻ
ʵʵʷϣҲڽϮְʱ䳹׵ؽٳϷ壬Ŵһɳɱһͳ˧ͳ˧εܶ
ֻһɲ䣬ףԴԼڵƼɽ˷ݲν֮󣬶ͷϾͿ֣кܴԣˡ
Ҳ˵ⳡ֮ԼѾӲȥˡ
ӲȥΣδزһ컯
ͻȻ䣬ȻʣǰһССľ٣⾩ɳһҲû˶࿴һۡΪһ仰ţ¶ҲǿмӡΪʲô˲ʵǱվŶ˼ҡҶأõ۵ĵط߿ҶˣЯ
ʵԶݣҪˣһͷŶǰһʲô
㻹Լˡཫ²ңҪҵ̬ȣΪҪͶ״
뵽еĵһӣնϷ²ϵӣ߰ɣ
ļͬ
ȴһ֡
ɲɫ촽϶롣
Ƿ²ϲһֽţһǣҪȥ
ʱеȴǰһͱ˴˸͸
Ƿ²һδװͷѪòŵĿ⿴㡭˵㻰
ЦӦŹ㣬Ѿѽ֮ɱ㣬ûΥŵɣ
˵ţеһǷ²ʱ
ãļͬʱһá
ڿһȻǸŵ֮ˣ濴±ç˼ȴˣ˵ǰɵһȡ
ؼֶѪȺͬݼ̹ȫͬ
Ҳ⡣ˣҲһܱٵλãˣҲܰѳɶʮꡣ
ǳ֮ʱ÷ǳ֮ˣ׺֣δĲУҲܷӾ޴á
Яȴˡ
ܹʷŵˣһ
һŽʬ߳ȥһҾְ࣬Ѿˡ
ڣûʲô£챾йǡ·ͻȻһ£á
һĵôǡ·Ȼġ
¸ܣ൫ʾ¡
ڿ˿ΣǴȥɽְˣ
ضĻְȥɽ
ȥˡڵ
ôֲȥˣ÷ʣ˵ȥɽ𡭡ɶҲѵҵȻȥ
ڰ˰֣㣬벻ھʦ
а˷Ųھʦַ֮ءһƬƽñְȥﱰְȥ
á룬룺Ҵھǣθʵְ
˵˶١
ҸӵһĶᵽɤرļӣΪҪԼһ߹٣һ˷ܡ
ڽĻȴɵͷһ䡣
ڣԷﻹȱ߸٣Ը⣬ҵȥ˵˵ͽ鷢ʱõױȥΰɡ
һ𣺡ְ֮Ը⡣
ãô˵ˣȷʵС˵㣬ίˡ˵꣬ھƮȻȥˡ
һֱӰʧñŹ֫ơ
÷ͽأȴȥŵģⲻ۸˵ɴǻǻɶȥɣѾϮְѲϴ˵ӦܹıĲʹ
ǰǻɶȥҲ
ǳӣʹЩΪҲֵǳȣûŽ£ȴһϧɽðôȥˣ
ȴЦãʵ̫ˣȻƿС֪ƨȴҵĴ컯
ЦԵޱȻԵãɵ˶סˡ
ֵ㿴ңҿ㣬Ժ
죬ɲŵ״ˣ߸ٲƷƷ˵µطϣձȨȥŵģҲͼԱıȵϵطν
ЦҲҪǸ˭ţӿţǿǱ˰ɱӶ޲ģȻЩ밡ʹǺεҪĵطܹɳ빬ͷȻûȨκ˶С㡣
˵ţĵظǽ
ԭ͢ģӴһϵϸľƶ֤ʳİȫʹڲر
Ϊ˱͢İȫʳ⾯Žɭϣʳǵ֡ᡢֵȶʮʳÿֶǧٻһˣʮߺֵ޼žʿ帮ÿҹһֵڻʳˣÿʮֵ߸ٰˣѲ߼飬ÿӡԱѲ첾ϼӸӡ¡
ôһʹѲ߸ٲŰ˸Сȴɡ
˵Էˣǵطһ߸٣һˡȻѵ콫Ҫ䣬ҪҸˡһ£ͷʹҲǸӼˡ
˵˵ţӾͲɽǱ߲һССĲνΪ࣬ѹΪλ֮һ𣬿Ҳ롣
ãپӶƷӶһ۾
÷ɵøɵãһշ⣬Ҳֵá
Խ˵Խཫôһ׮󽻵Ҹͷ費ȡֻ̡һ·ȥֻǧգв֮ΣҾǣɻǲɣ
вǵǲ塣ɵ״ˣܹƴڣǿɳһһǹɱģͷ֪մ˶ٵ˵Ѫߵһȵ׿죬Ҳ֪оټҪ裬ۣδؾͲʬжȴ
ԣ£˷׷˵
ãôţʰһ£׼Էŵģʱһľˡ


464 
Ѿǰҹ糯Ժ칫Ҳûʣʱˡ
صҺ󣬶ӡӺŮѾ˯ˣڲĳǣͽгԼ緹һ˶Ų豭鷿ѡ
ڵѩ䣬žؾȻл㱣Уȴֲ֪ںδĸо
ǴʮţꡣȴԤУξʵֻͦ
ʵһȴԼȴ֪ʲôˣֲ֪ᷢʲôԤ顣
ԣܹ˳λ˵ֻʵگһʱӭԣ빬Ǿǵһ
ʧܣþȣȴԼľǲˡǰһˣη塣жŮŮˣԼһǵֽһģ
ǴԽ֮ڵһθеЩ
ǰǿƾ٣ǴԿųǿļͶʷ֪Ⱦߵ˳˳ˮ
ΣʷѾ˾޴ı䣬Ϊһִ˵ѾȻ޴档ڼζ֮а
뵽һл
ʱ鷿ſˣһ紵
ͿӴǿŮ
ڳԾؿǣˣ
û˵꣬ǿͨһǰͷصף´֣ǿˡ
˵꣬͵վС֣˵֮ܵõѹǮģǮ
ǡ
΢Цүʱ˵һҪԷҲڼˣҾͽкݸꡣ
ڵ۾ʪˣӻͳһöͭǮǿСġ
޶ھһɨǰɥΪ˼ˣεƴһƴ
ȴռơʱ̶ڼξߣʵǼݱһʱͻ֪Ҳ˲õʱ䡣һ㣬ʵ̫ˣνһȲȡ
ȲúˣҲʧȥȻ
ңеڸ󳼶ԣˣǻһؾ͹ˡ
뵽̬ͱŮ緹ͼһ߳ԣһģȵîʱ˽ȥԷ
컹ûͷ˿ƻļҡ
Ҳ֪Լʲôʱʲôλ
һһ
Ѿη塣
Ƭ̣ѩ¡
ϳӣǸȥϳƷϾ١ѾǼξʮĴʮţٹһǼξʮꡣ
УڴԽѾꡣ
̶̵꣬ȴͬһڸоԼ̬ѾЩˡ
صͬƽһͷξĲ顣
ƽϢֹۣܲιҩ֮ʱܱѣξնڻ˯
뿪һҹʱû
̾Ϣһͷ
ƽҲۿ죺үҲˡ
ƹڿɲǱ˵ʱ򣬵ǰ׼ڽԷͬƽ˵ˣƹȱľһͨ籨ȵģҸӿɿã»죬ԺǱȥܡ
ƽͷȷʵˣͷ˶ף浽Ǹʱ򣬿ϵľ衣
糯ʱѾҲ˲˯ȥͱһȦˡ
ʱӵţʹɡغ÷ˣװŲʶǵӣҲͬк
ʱ򣬼ξҩѹ˵ࡣ˵ѵζЩʵӲˣƽΣһСͷξԼǶˣһ˸⣬ȻһΡ˶־͹밲
ξľԵ÷ǳȻͬ˴Լʱϻһ˿
ʶԼȣǵ⣬ʱʱݺݵؿһۣȫӶ
Ҳ˲ͷĲ죬ͻȻֲõԤУξҪˡ
ǰտôȴθڴ󿪳ôණͬ˵ôʱĻ
ȻȾ뿪ãξ˵Щ
ȻͷһۣͣһͽղųԽȥʳȫ˳
һ£ȴµͷǺˮڿĲϣҲʪһƬ
Ȼͷһᣬͻ˯ȥ
⾪ͬСɣȻһͨңæ˴죬Žʵ۷
ξΣȻû֧ŵʱڸоһ˿
ƹô
ƽңȻһүүǲˡѾʱ̣ڹô꣬˶ȥ֮һëëйȵкүѾʱˡ


465 Ϣ
ƽ޵ڳһû˵
ϾǸʮˣ绪ïʢʲôʱ
æߵξߣټξһһŷԡξȫǺˮѾѶ͸ˡ
죬ôܳôູˮңξѾǰվѾô˺ѣȼ˵ȴȳ
Ūãǵʱ̡
ڽֳ˳ƹǲǸ֪ͨǺԣˣ
ƽȵȣУ˵껹һΣʱ֪ͨ١
˵˵žүǺεҪǿ˰һֱΪԼͦȥģԲԼʱ̡ǣȥȴû֧ƬֽҪˡ
һסڵ֣ʿ꣬⼸һֱڱߡ⼸˵ĻȥΩεֻһ˶صһΣʱگ
ڵͷƹģмƽϵġ
ȴһƬأȷƽ˵ξһҪǿˣֻ˵óڣֻ˵ò˵ġ
һͨæµѾ䣬Ҳû취ȥ˯ڼξš
һһҹûϢƬ̣һһغȣȴҲ᲻
һ˯Ҳ֪˶ãȴоԼ
˯Ϊ̫ڽԼжʱˣ֣ʵ̫ˣ˯Ƭ̡
˻ļڴŭ˭У۾Ҫǳ⣬ȴξЦеվԼǰ
ѾӴϴһĵۣɫϴһ˿Цݡ
һ͵վ£ˣȴǿһԼԤУ꣬տɸоЩ
ξҲشһХƺΣǧʵ˵ˮƿգᵽʲô࣬ʲôͨ͸ʲôв͡Ȼʫȴдһ߾
һХԵʮ㣬˵ʱһȺ̫ܽԴŻϲүˣү𣿡
ξһ޺أδоá
ƽϵıȴһЩɳɤӣүȬͺãЩʳ
ξˣ޲ôգ˲٣նҪˡ
˵꣬ʹ󲽳ȥһһߵڣ˶־ĸӶ͹ҪѾд˶٣ʣûбꣿ
ڣرµĻֵӣѾ˸壬Ѿ¼һģͽ
û˵꣬ξѾߵȥˡ
ںͻƽϬ䵽
ڵƹΣ
ƽԼǷҪϢݳȥǷӦȲˡ
Ҳ˲ÿ֣صص˵ͷ
棬ξϵƽʲôȥ⼸ջѹӶڣȥ塣
Ҳû취˵˵ͬʱӦһ
ڴҴææشҲܲ˺ѧʿͳȾͳֵֵȥ
⼸ÿܲ弫ãֵԼصӣȻһ
ȼҸп𣬼ڣͬʱվʩ񣺡ְ֪࣬յкηԸ
ҲϻֱϴϢȥסˣҪñ˿
һɭȻʶõԼĵطҲ֪ڰԼԷȻҪһ춯صĴ£ȴһ֮硣
뽲ȥҪʲôϢ
ָɣɣȥǱ˾ˮмӶľٶ쳣Ǹҽס
ͷΨһһ֧ɶõľҲֻˮµٶʿˡ
˵꣬ͽˮĵַԼͬˮп˵ˡ
û뵽ڲѣһ붫һȴоҵ˷ȻǴ̰ݽڽ񳯡
֮ڵϿһͷ˹طɿ˳ȥ
ָأȥѰһгܵˣַпڵҸ㣬˵ǻƽģǰõһ£Ƿ֮ʱȥ˵ɹ
ǣض֮
ֿԴҵȥԣ˵пҪ档
ѾǽگˣɵնңξҲûͬԣ˼
˹ؼʱ̣ʵۺδĻʴҲüһΣҲܲôˡ
иǣ浽ʵۡǺεȾ춯أ޹⡣
룬ҲԸȥ룬Ϊһ䣬ҫȥˡ
ϵıʣԣд˸ֻĸ֣ʮ𼱡
ӹ֪¹شҲϻһ֣ͳȥˡ
ֻʣ÷һˣСһ۾ؿڣͻȻе಻ƽ͸ǶвǲôȴһǲССã
ôһ£кЦһ£վסˣؿ÷㲻˵ãһҪȥ
÷˷ܵǺ˵
ڣϳȥ㸸µױפҸϣһҵļҾ졣
ϾǾһƬȷѪ꣬һУҲ֪ᷢʲô¡
ԼԽô꣬ĵȴӺͺӣȻܵһ˿˺
и̣Լλ˳Σʲô壿
ڹػƽѾǰ׼ˣֻ󷢶
úһУ԰
Ҳٵ飬ӣһͨܣܻصξ
ܻؼξûڴһξͲؿһۣڣñӾõôЩ򣿡
Ц£ʵ̫ң¿ͷΡˣһ£Ÿ͹
˵գͽһӵݹȥ
ξϰɣæأٿ
ǰǰǶѻɽӡ
ξһ߿ӣһճɰһһдţ׼׼֪ˡ

ξӣںͻƽ򾲾վ
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ֱվȶˡ
ϸһ㣬ȻһСʱ
ô๫ڵǳһǵعⷵյʱˣξʵ۴˿̵ľȻʢ
̲סƽһۣϻ۾øһҲ֪Ǳ˻۵ġ
ˡξһеıӵһߣѹӴԼʮ˰ɣ޿ɲǸϲʵˡ
ڵϵġ˶־һ߶һصͷдòĲȻµһⱾǰһžдȻܹϡе˼ֵ϶˿Ϸ죬֪ĻΪһ
ƲƲ죬һֻǽžûдĲֳˡ
ʱһ̫첽߹ڵϣүˡ
ξһӣ
дΪɻ󣺼ξ޺νǣôҪˣʱȴˡ
ξĻعⷵʱӦò⺣һ飬ֻ¡
ڲ


466 
磬ڡ
ѩ䣬ѾʮˡӺׯ԰Ǵһճɣʱʡ
ڷпǳĸԣЩżξĳ谮ɽˮΪüûлغŪڣҲ֪ԼжٲƲ
ڼξʮʱΪռյܹĹǵĵЩ꣬Щ˽˲ƲԹѩٶš
ȻǺ£ȴеʷǣһ˼ͨûнĿ˶Գһۡ
μѾ۵ÿҪɢˣΪϯĻţܵʵ̫ࡣҲûпɿʹõ˲ţС鶼ΪӲҪΪûǮȴڶսˡӣͳȥӶһСɽˡ
һҹƣȴ쳣Ŀܡ
μҲûȥ˯鷿һС¯һˣŽɰ
磬ѩҲš
鷿ſ÷ţɫҫۡ
ŹǷ˽Ц˰ôѩˡ
Ѿ󿪣͢ǰһΪμ;һ
μůů֣ȴûͬ˵
ģȻһҹû˯ãҲ֪ǺĸŮ˻ȥˣȴΪ˸硣
ֿ˿ſڵĺ÷μͻȻľĸоԤеʲô鼴
÷ɫͬѪһ
رǰԼɳ̽ӱɱ֮оԽŨ
Ȼպһڲˮһ̽ӷɿ߽ڵϣү
˸ԷϢݣһμоͽæʣϢ˵
ǡ̽վүһӾͳԷˣֱȥ˲ͬĵط
˭˵ЩϤȴҲ벻
μ׵ˣôҪһүȻˣ룬϶ڰԷϢġ֮ϵһϵϵȴ󲢲Ƶġе˰ıãȴԸ̤ʵصȥȥ˳
͢¼μɫ࣬æԾүɶһС٣ڵЯԷ߸١
һ߸ٶѣֲֵأֻ赽ʱȥһ¸ھͿˡҪȥҲܲšغһڲ裬޵費İɡ
μǾԴӽ˾֮ĴСһˣͳƬ̽ӣ֪ȥʲôط
̽ӣ֪һ·ϳǱУҺܴæӡ
ܴæμüëһеĲ豭һм̵Ĳˮɽȥɡ
̽ȥμ૵յ߸һͳԷһ硭Ѱ¹ΣôҲ̽գΣաԣԣ
Ȼ͵ؽ汭ϣȵԷȻ·үԷ죬ȥ¡
ЩΪѣڹȥðɡÿնȥʵģһȥǵ˼Ҳˡ
㣡μյվֱȥǣʲô
ǺãȥɡȻЩημһֻګګӦˡ
ȻμҲ͢µ͢£ǰԶӧҪȥɹ˵ǰˡȴʱ򣬻Ѿˣȥ
ҲǽеԶԶԣ͢ȥɹֻҪ˵˳ɹǱˡ
͢һϲã͹ȥүĺˣԽ°뾰ӪѾжˣһֱûбֵĻᡣȥɹﵽ˵ܹ͡£סɹ׵Ĵ׹
μı飬͢ҲʶյͬʱЩͬȭͷ

μ͢ŵضԾүҷĺˣ˵óɹվүߡүڳһ·
˸ǷȥԷʲôȥ˯һȳԹ緹ٹȥ
͢Щڳԣǿǡүȥġ
ʲôġЩֲֻһμҲû£үȴǲõءʵԽعŹˣһжΥ֮ŭȥǸʶµĹأôΥ˵ˣǰһϸͬ˵һһҪ˳ð˲̸䡣
˵꣬Ͳϻֱӻ޹ȥˣĿɿڴ͢¶һߡ

Ⱦ͢ȥμиңȵȴǹѵζ
Ҳû취ȥ˯ߵٺ棬ָ˼ȴ
ӵУµѩ

³鷿
ºҲ˸磬һضš
Щ죬񻯵Ϣù
ûв´Ҳ⼸յ顣
һжڼ֮С
׼ãʣµľֻеˡ
ڷʱȴҪ󵽼ˣȣˣȴҪһǲٲˡ
ھӲı
ҳºү㽫һжźðɣ
ԻʿԲ㣬ضԶΪΣغѣԶ
ĬĬӣºУ૵˵б˲Բػ㣬ǿ㣬Ϊ縺شʹʵʹĵ·ֺңԶСʰԼʹҲشֱֹͣܶⲻҲǺңԶ˭˵̾Ͳʿˣǰһ𣿡
е飬ʣմ˵īֽдˡ
ȻΪİ˹ʱġ
ܿ죬дɲ֡
мû£һдȴޱȺ졣
º˭˵̫಻ˣҵ£ȥʿҲ׵ؾˡ
ʱһ˽ʮ𼱡
ȵȣ꣬𼱣ˡº鳯˰˰ͷʼдᡣ
ãŽһӣسһڴ˵ɣʲô£
ӣһ磬ѹˣغã˰ʱӡͬʱӶȥˣֱȥԣǱ˾šڸ
Ŷºؿ档
鷿⣬һ̫ɨѩúԶ
ɨˡȵȡºüͷչ
תŹǽϵһɽˮͼþȫ
Ƿһ
º͵תһɷ֪ͨȥ³פԷϣ


467 
Դͱ͵ǵ̸֮͢¾û˯һκþ
룬Ǽļһ϶ڸʵ۷õĵҩֽţˣü׼
μı飬͢¾֪ʱˡ
߱
ϧҶ֪һ㣬ƬƬȥ
˶ʥ飬͢Ȼ֪⾿ζʲô
ǣԼһ˷ܡ
ɷʱҲ
Ѫһ⣬ԼĳⱲҲˡ
Ҹ𣿲
ȭͷһˡƾʲôܳ࣬ȴҪһ̶֥й٣˿ȡ֮
͢ڽϣһߴߴٽηЩߣһŸʲôĻ򶯳ɹϣҡ
ڳɹ͢²İǰͬҲνо˲ǲ˵ġ
ɹǶ½˽ָʹģͬȴûκιϵ˵͢Ҳ½ҵˣǰΣϣһǺ𾴵ģ͢Ҳǳ
̸½ϣҲ̾ϢһҲʲôڹϣ͢ҲǸɡ
͢¿ϣȻЦĵȴҲδؾͲȡ
һ뵽͢¾˼øʲô
ʵȡϣһ£ǰҲֹ̽üΣ˼˵ľ󶼶һְ
·һ͢ͻȻ룺ʵ̫ã󶼶һΣûʲôʵȨ˵ʵȨʲôȽָʹ󣿻У;λϰɣ˼Ѿǹˣȥտûзġ֮⣬ҲòʲôԴĶ˵ͷĳʵٵÿ
뵽͢һ䡣
ɼȻүǲ˵ҪӲͷƤˡ
ȵ˱˾֣һСҲûκα飺ԭִˣָʹ˵ȥ
Сı䵭͢Īؿʼģͷһһ
ϣЦЦض͢¿
Ա߻һʿͷɥӣʾǸϣҵѵ⡣
͢ΪǳɹĻţȴϡ
Ҫ֪ǰɹǴԼЦģ͢¶ʱЩĻţæǰһҾɹ
ϣңԭ͢°ûˣģǲԺй¡УֻҪȵ֮˵
͢һɰͰ͵˵һ䣺յǹ£ʵǡʵǡһţȴ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ϣЦݣȻ˽£˵ɣǱáû˽¡
͢ºˮ˳һţǾ˼ҵš
ʿһͷ϶ʱºתͷݺݵؿ͢¡
ҺɲʶϣҲţתͷǸʿܣյˣҲ֪ϣùǸջǺ˵ͷŹô
ʿһ࣬һ仰Ҳ˵
ϣңȻˣȻ֪ʲôžͲˡǽһ¡
ָŶˣλгܣԣģλ͢£Ǿġ
ֵ͢¾ˣɢ
ȴɶƵز
ϣҲȶ˵ŵ°ʮģΪ˹˵ͣ˵һ³ɣҪĳ˼ӹٽٺ٣һԸΡϣҹΪٻѾͷˣҲ̰ͼЩ
ɫҲܽ˭ֻᷢʲôϣپүģү˵ʲôҾʲô
ʱһӿ첽ָ߽ӣ뷹Էϣ
ãϣ͵վָ͢ºͳܣȵǸҿˣûҵһˡ
˵껰Աߵıϳһϣֺȵҵ
ȫװˡ
ϣϵĽŲȥԶڵĶͬʱһ̱ڵء
˴жһͷˣ군ˣ
ʵۿ϶ǲˣҲд뷵ɹԷϡ
ʵۼȻǰַսУȻѾʶһݱһҡ
ԣ֮ǰҪƽȵؽеȨȥԱõա
ξȫµ˶֪ȻѾ˲ãҲֻ־ܵķݡ
ͬʱһ޴вᴫλ˭أ
ΪǾʵԣΪ̫ˡ
͢ΪԣϾԣ顣

Էء
죡ºſڶ治סδߴ¸·
ǰԷѾܿΡĳ¥ˣֻҪȥܼ泹׿ơ
ʱҪ˭ʵۣºһ˵㡣
ΪƣΪ꣬ɷգŲһ⡣
·ȫǻѩ棬һһȴ߲졣ƫ̫ƽ￴棬ΪһӴ󲻱ȳһô·һǺ䤱ѩࡣ
ζνӢİ֮ޣֳìȱڣסڻ¡
εصֻҪõʵگʤˡ
ʮ𼱣ºҲ֪ҹζĵסڵغ
̫ǳԾ˿ͷֻǿǰȥ
ת۾͵һ߶Ǹ߸ߵĺǽľͷԷſڵĹ㳡
ɾʱǰĶͻȻͣһƬɧҡ
ٸ̫༷һţǰá
ºŭȵô£ôͣˡ
һ̫ɥܹɵɵˡ
ºһõϢûϢʲô£
̫ࣺɵǰ·˶סˣ˵Ǳ˾ˣᡣǱ֮Ǳ߾ȻһӶ˵ʲôתǶ˵ǵ˾Ҫڴ˴ϣκ˲
ԭϣҵˣˣʲôʲôºҲ˲ȥ
ͿǰԼٶʿ¼жǿӲ壬һķ
ϻż̫಻סȻǳ˺ܴĿ
ȺʿΪ׵һʮëӣȻСȴԵ÷ǳ⺷
ºǰǳ⣺Ǻôӣ£Ȼˣ֪ۼ˭˾ϯʣº顣
ûҪǱ˾ҲҪҹ˭Ҵɱ⣡Сб˳ºһۣ۾ͻȻһ˿ɱѾڵˡ
˷ˣˣСӸ£ºû
ǣȺ̫ȣҪǰ
ңСҲһȣڵϻһߣǣңйߣɱˣ
ºУȥˣ
̫Ƕһɡ
СӴЦˮڶǰߵʱϿûմѪǿԣ˵¹ɱ嶯ЩƽˣҪ¼ֻ²С
ͷָ£µ׶û㿴£һף϶Ŵ󹭣Ҳǳ˪òͷˡţ
û˵꣬ͻȻһʿͷһìһºͶȥ
гºսͷ­
һսһᣬȻء
ºҲϵµȥˤ˸ͷѩ


468 ¡
ξᡣ
һ̫ѾѺʱ򣬼ξеһӣ
һⶼʲôʱ˻ʵۻټ
ǣξһ仰ھһ亹ԣҲһɣ
ξĿ䵽ϣͻȻ̾ϢһⰮ䣬иԣһѾ֪ˡǲšʮ˰ɣ޾ûԼĶӣҲ֪ڳʲôӣԼ㡣
ǡ΢ЩҲǾȣξǿ˵ˣ⹬﹬ȴ
ܿ죬ԣͿ첽˽
ϻһ˿ۣ֮󣬼δĸףɤһƣȴ˵ֻ򵽵ϣ˸ͷ
ʵüͷʲôޣһˣô£ͳ񣿡
ǣʡԣỹǶƲסš
ʱ򣬵ȴһ󼱴ٵĽŲ֮˻ͷȥͼһַ̧ʵʵĳ߷ɿܹͣſڡ
澹ȻŴ˽ĺ
ССĸӣش̧վ߽С
ԣ͵شӵվߵǰ÷ŭĿ⿴ȥǺ𣿡
Ȼûԣͣһͺϵӻɫۣ³ݣԣҾǺ𡣡
㡭ôӣȻϡ첡һֵ£ԣ˵ҧгݣ۾˸һɱ˵ǷǺָʹ
ûָʹϣΪ˽ûϡ־˵Ȼû˹˼
㣡ԣۡ
ˣ֣ξоһǰĿѾʧ֪ԼʱҩǵԪһһţǰҲ˵֣Ҫһ棬ҲһԸĺշ澿ʲôģΪ˾ߣľƬɽɽɽȴֻһһյģɽɽʵ۵ľǸʵɽ°ղǽǱϢˮ
ξָָڣǰȰ޵ʱһ仰˵úð͢Ǵˮˮۣܸۡɽɽٺ٣ƫƫԼǽɽˮȴûɽͷǷġ֪һɱ㣬ȻԼʷȴһɱ㲻òɱ
ԣ۶ź𣺡ʣ˴ⲡ˵ʲΪϵӣԺǺ֮ˡ
ȴ˵ôֱͦͦվš
ξ̾ϢһТ£޲ɱ㣬޵ĶӽλҲȻɱ㣬ɱǲТΪ˲޵ĶΪѣ޾ꡣ
һ𣬷ȡԸȫʥ¡
ξȴһЦˣѺȥ
ȵ£ξԵЩƣˣ˻ӣȥɣԣ¡
ѩţûз磬Ե쳣ž
ȵеɢûеĸˣξͻȻӻͳһʥּݸԣдš⻧ºگּվͰ䲼ȥɡž˵⺣һѵΨ߿ִֻ֮»Լ޵±˾ʹ޵ͬûκιϵ
⻰˵˲ȻЩԵζ
ںԣͬʱһξѾɻҺɫȥ
꣡
ʣ
ںԣͬʱξסֻоúûѾ׿ˡ
áԣ޵ȥ㱳ö𣿡
ԣһҧξҧһȥڴϡˮͣ£ȥʱ䡭
ξһѽԣץסȵȡ
ʡ
ξԣ޽ǣа׷ˣʮûţôˡô꣬ȻǸԶȴδʵҲ㣬㲻Ҫޣ޲һϸĸס
ʡԣ̲סڴ
ޣҪʵ۵ˣҪҪͳˣξüͷһ壺¡
ԣڵϣڿޡ
ξһۣøԣ
һķ·ҪˣѵگξҪʱ̴λԣ
ξĻȻһʥֵּǣʡȴûдһ֡
ںԣʥּ򿪣ȴдĸ˵֣ס߹žڡ
Լ֣ڶʱһ
ξðĿ⿴ԣ˵УǰȥʦͰ˳εʹðɡ㲻ǸвžߵˣҪͳڣҴĽɽȵġ
ԣβ֪ڸԼǻȷڸѡﻹ̵סʣ븸ּ⣬֮أȻڵ飬оЩ͸˱ºܴȴ֪ʹá
ξѾһˣʹġ
֮أ
ʱС
Ժأ
ж︣Ǿˡ
ۣԣڴߴ
̫ˣ뾲ͬ˵һȥɣξ˵ʼȥϽнԷڣҲˣ޶㰲źˡ

ȵԣ뿪һĻͣ
ǰΣξڽˣΪʲôͲگأ
ξѾ˵ʶ϶һ񡭡ɵ˿̲š֪Щ֮ȴôȴϷ䣬֪ǿ϶£˵ʲôŷʿ˵ʲôķϳ֮֮Ļ޲֪گһСڣһ˰ɣ޵⣬گЩλԣɡ
Ȧˣڼξ߹˿꣬˷ǲľ飬ۼξҪɵһˡ
ǣ¡ڴӼξͳ΢һ˼дһݴԼǧֵѡ
گͬʵʷȫһǼξʵۼ֣ϳڵ޵Ĵ󣬱ʾʡڶΪΪʵ۳ڵ޶⵽ͳʹĹԱƽѩʾãҪʹ֮ǰʵ޵ЩʿģҪܵ˲š
گǳ׵ͼ˼ξһĴҲΪԣǻʵ
ƼξҲ֪ڻôдûڣҲˡԣװû
дگ飺£ѾگˣҪ𣿡
ξˣİɡ
ڣǣ¡ǰġ˶־
ξ˵޲ҪѾͨˣǧ﹦к˵ԼԼд飬ûκ塣һΡʯͷǡɣһֱûнβôˡ뵱꣬ҾʶΪⱾ𣿡
ǣ¡ƾż䣬¥Ρһ
һգеطէѩһ徲ȥϰͶлѣ˵̿ͶֻһСźԼڴд飬Ҫ絽ҡд£ͣʡ̧ͷͷ΢΢ѩӰһˣͷŽţһձĶ°ݡδ壬æס˭Ѱİݣվ˸ѶҪҾӭһǱˣȴǱ񡣼һ󾪣æʵǱôֻϲƱʵǱ磬ܵδԣֻͷˣһɮһסԵѱϣߡ˵ţƮȻǰȥ˵ػæϣǰϵϣֻ˿в֪ǸԻ
๡֮壬̫ա˭˭ӣãã˴ģ
һţһȥתһС£ٿȻѸϵɲعͷԼСҲʵ㿴ôС˵ġūΪү׷ϣҲֻүˡǰߣֻããһƬҰһˡ֪ǹŹֻ֣û

įͻȻ䣬ϵļξسһ
¡ȴˡ
ѩįš

Է⣬ˮһìºս䵹ڵء
Ȼŭ͵شӵǱطУɱӣ
ˮҲһ𣺡֣
ۼһɱʱһ󼱴ٵ׶
Ϳϣǰͷȣʥּ˷±Էϣ˵Ǳ˾ͽ׾ָŽӹܡ
ºУɹʲô
ϣɭȻлʵڴˣߣͬ棬ɱ
ǵ̫඼һȻؽеıӵϡ
ľһڱϿջص
е˶һǻʵ۴еźš
£°ºͻȻſ


μڵ٣Ѿˣüҡ
ϸһ˵عŹ֣ȻǰͰ桶Ц
һӴŷĽ˽ʥּغ½ͷһҲͣ
Ҷˡ
ӣıμһޣ͵ץòԼͷȥμܰ

ξݱϢһһҹоͨھŵĹԱ
ѩµü󣬴һ糿Ŵ󿪣߹Ʒϵľ٣ѩһƬ
ʱ³ڸ󳼴εڴӲ߳䲼лʵگ
ס߹žڶһط
ڸ󳼳վſ֮󲻾ãһТʻٹǰТԣ˳
꣬꣡˶ɽХ
󳼵˵ͷڳǰһɤӣ˼ξʵ۵ѣã¼߼ͷŸְ
µʱʼˣʷ¡ĸ
ֻⳡĸＴ֡
µʷŸոտʼ
ȫ꣩
==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================